Treatment of Ametropia in

children DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Spectacles and Children 

20-25% school going children in Thane have significant refractive

error1,2 (50% don’t know / there is a change) 

Commonest cause of amblyopia is anisometropia / ametropia



Intervention very effective and immediate



Low opportunity cost

1. Can J Ophthalmol. 2009 Jun;44(3):328-33. DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

2. Ophthalmology. 2010 Apr;117(4):693-9.

Detection  Assessment of visual acuity  Log MAR charts  LEA symbol charts  Geometric Progression (Uniform)

 Difficulty: Size (Not no. of Letters)

 Line and Letter Score (Sensitive)

 Mean Visual Acuity (Clinical and Research)

 Can vary the distance

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Brückner Test

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Brückner Test

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Image Analysis

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Associations of accommodation Failure in Children

Prevalence

Down Syndrome1

80%

Cerebral Vision Impairment2

50%

Asthenopia3

>30%

3rd Nerve Palsy, Double Elevator Palsy, Supranuclear Palsy4

>30%

Amblyopia5 Aniridia, Foveal Hypoplasia, Albinism Subluxated lens (Ectopia Lentis) Progressive myopia

1)Reduced accommodation in children with Down syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993;34:2382-7. 2) Accommodative dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy: a population-based study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:1824-30. 3) Asthenopia in schoolchildren, orthoptic and ophthalmological findings and treatment. Doc Ophthalmol 2005;111:65-72. 4)Paralysis of the near-vision triad in a child. J AAPOS 2009;13:202-3. 5)Amblyopia Characterization, Treatment, and Prophylaxis. Survey of Ophthalmol 2005;50:123-166.

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Cyclopegic Agent Atropine sulphate 1% BD for 3 days

1.Children < 3-4 years age 2.Hypermetropia > +3DS 3.Esotropia DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Refractive Accommodative Esotropia

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Decompensated Accommodative ET

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Accommodative ET after Sx for XT

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Cyclopentolate 1% / Homatropine 2%

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Oblique Vs With the rule cyl

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Emmetropization  1 DS Under-correction Sphere  0.5DS Under-correction Cylinder

Achieve Alignment, Correct Amblyopia, Emmetropize

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

To control X[T]

– 1.5 D, High AC/A DR Over MIHIRMinus KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Bifocal RX

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Refractive Accommodative Esotropia

Convergence Excess

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

To correct accommodation failure

Post Cataract Surgery, Down’s Syndrome, rd Nerve Palsy etc CVI, 3 DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

To slow the progression of myopia

Nutrition does not help, outdoor activities help DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Why are we prescribing? To correct aniseikonia Change the base curve Increasing the base curve increases the image size in a plus or minus lens. Change the lens thickness Increasing the center thickness increases the image size in a plus or minus lens. Change the lens fit Decreasing the vertex distance increases the image size of a minus lens and decreases the image size of a plus lens. Change the lens power Under correct the eye with higher ametropia Avoid glassses DR lenses MIHIR/ combine KOTHARI, Use contact CL WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM with spects

Spectacles for External Eye Diseases!!?

Recurrent Hordeola and Chalazion

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Examples of inferior frame fitting Worst 4 point touch with flared temples (fair) and unequal, poor mastoid bend

Damaged nose rest

Lost nose pads

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Assessment of lens surface Lens Scratch/Pit

Lens staining/brushing

Lens Fracture

Predefined

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Conclusion

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Recommendations

Spects for very young Children should have 1.

Frame made of flexible, malleable, soft plastic (like MiraflexTM)

2. Middle level semi saddle bridge

Reconfirming: NO FINANCIAL INTERESTS

3. Parallel temples

4. Hugging mastoid bend 5. Polycarbonate lenses with scratch resistant coating 6. Adjustable elastic band to maintain fit and frame integrity

DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Thank you DR MIHIR KOTHARI, WWW.JYOTIRMAY.COM

Treatment of ametropia.pdf

Spectacles and Children. 1. Can J Ophthalmol. 2009 Jun;44(3):328-33. 2. Ophthalmology. 2010 Apr;117(4):693-9. 20-25% school going children in Thane have significant refractive. error1,2 (50% don't know / there is a change). Commonest cause of amblyopia is anisometropia / ametropia. Intervention very effective ...

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