Transformation Of sentences Transformation is changing the form of a sentence without changing its meaning. In the exams transformation should be done according to the direction given in the question paper. In doing transformation a student should have a fairly well knowledge about the kinds of sentence and their formation. A brief direction about doing transformation is given below. ,d okD; ds vFkZ esa fcuk dksbZ ifjorZu fd;s mls fdlh nwljs :i esa ifjofrZr fd;k tk;s rks bls Transformation Of sentences dgrs gSaA ijh{kk esa Transformation iz”u i= esa fn;s funsZ”k ds vuqlkj fd;k tkrk gSA Transformation djus ds fy, fo|kFkhZ dks ^okD;ksa ds izdkj* dk vPNk Kku gksuk vko”;d gSA Transformation djus ds fy, uhps laf{kIr funsZ”k fn;s x;s gSaA

Sentence ¼okD;½ %& lans”k ds vknku iznku ds fy;s Hkk’kk dks iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA gj Hkk’kk esa cksyus vFkok fy[kus ds fy, “kCnksa ds lewg dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls “kCnksa ds lewg ftuls fdlh lEiw.kZ Hkko dk cks/k gks mUgsa okD; (sentence) dgrs gSaA }kjk fdlh O;fDr ;k oLrq dk mYys[k djrs gSa vkSj mlds lEcU/k esa dqN o.kZu djrs gSaA

Type of sentences ¼okD;ksa ds izdkj½ %& Based on the way that words are grouped and their meaning the sentences are classified in 4 Sub-groups -

mi;qDr “kCnksa ds lewg ls tks vFkZ vkSj Hkko izdV gksrs gSa muds vkk/kkj ij dks pkj Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k x;k gS & (1) Declarative ¼fMDysjsfVo½ ;k Assertive ¼vlsjfVo½ ¼dFkukRed½%& Sentence used to describe something or express acceptance are known as declarative or assertive sentences.These are of two types Declarative ;k Assertive mu okD;ksa dks dgk tkrk gS tks fdlh dk o.kZu djrs gSa ;k fdlh ckr dks

Lohd`r djrs gSaA ;s nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa & (A) Positive/Affirmative¼ldkjkRed½ %& bl izdkj ds okD;ksa esa gj ckr gk¡ (YES) esa dgh tkrh gSA NOT dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk gSA ;s okD; lkekU;r;k% subject ¼dÙkkZ½ ls izkjEHk gksrs gSaA General Formula : Subject + Helping Verb + Main Verb + Object. Eg. This is a good book.

;g vPNh fdrkc gSA My house is in Bhadra.

esjk ?kj Hkknjk esa gSA Follow us @ www.facebook.com/englishbymanoj Follow us @ www.facebook.com/sanidhyacoachingclassesbhadra Page 1

Transformation Of sentences (B) Negative¼udkjkRed½ %& bl izdkj ds okD;ksa esa gj ckr uk (NO) esa dgh tkrh gSA NOT dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ;s okD; lkekU;r;k% subject ¼dÙkkZ½ ls izkjEHk gksrs gSaA General Formula : Subject + Helping Verb + Not + Main Verb + Object. Eg. This is not a good book.

;g vPNh fdrkc ugha gSA My house is not in Bhadra.

esjk ?kj Hkknjk esa ugha gSA Sentences of this type are used to describe something or inform about its status.

bl Js.kh ds okD;ksa ls fdlh dh fLFkfr dh tkudkjh ;k mlds ckjs esa o.kZu feyrk gSA (2) Interrogative ¼bUVSjksxsfVo½ ¼iz”ukRed ½ %& Sentence enquired about something or used to ask a question are known as interrogative senteces.These are also of two types Interrogative mu okD;ksa dks dgk tkrk gS tks fdlh ds ckjs esa iqNrkN djrs gSa ;k dksbZ iz”u iwNus ds

dke vkrs gSaA ;s Hkh nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa & (A) Yes-No type questions %& bl izdkj ds iz”uokpd okD;ksa dk mÙkj gj dsoy gk¡ (YES) ;k uk (NO) esa gksrk gSA ;s okD; lkekU;r;k% Helping verb ¼lgk;d fØ;k½ ls izkjEHk gksrs gSaA buds var esa iz”uokpd fpg~u (Question Mark) yxk gksrk gSA General Formula : Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object? Eg. Do you know him?

D;k vki mls tkurs gSa\ Are you a clerk?

D;k vki fyfid gS\ (B) Wh questions %& bl izdkj ds iz”uokpd okD;ksa dk mÙkj gj dsoy gk¡ (YES) ;k uk (NO) esa ugha gksrk gSA ;s okD; lkekU;r;k% Wh words (who,what,why etc.) ls izkjEHk gksrs gSaA buds var esa iz”uokpd fpg~u (Question Mark) yxk gksrk gSA Follow us @ www.facebook.com/englishbymanoj Follow us @ www.facebook.com/sanidhyacoachingclassesbhadra Page 2

Transformation Of sentences General Formula : Wh word + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object?

Eg. What is your name?

vkidk uke D;k gS\ Why Did you go there?

rqe ogk¡ D;ksa x;s\ (3) Imperative ¼bEisjsfVo½ ¼vkns”kkRed½ %& Sentence used to command or request to do something are called imperative sentences. os okD; tks fdlh vkKk ;k izkFkZuk dks O;Dr djrs gaS Imperative dgykrs gSaA ;s okD; lkekU;r% verb1,Let ;k Don’t ls “kq: gksrs gSaA Eg. Please come home before sunset.

d`I;k lw;kZLr ls igys ?kj vk tkukA Complete your work.

viuk dk;Z vHkh iqjk djksA This type of sentence is used to tell someone to do something - it could be either a request or a command. Like...

Bl izdkj ds okD; fdlh dks dqN djus dk dgus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrs gSaA ;g ,d izkFkZuk Hkh gks ldrh gS vkSj vkKk HkhA The first sentence shown above is an example of a request while the second is a command. In both cases the speaker is asking someone to do something.

Åij ds mnkgj.k esa ls ,d izkFkZuk gS vkSj nwljk vkKkA nksuksa gh ekeyksa esa buds mi;ksx ls lkeus okys dks dqN djus dks dgk x;k gSA (4) Exclamatory ¼,DlDyseV s jh½ ¼foLe;kfncks/kd½ %& Sentence that are spontaneous expressions of suddenly experienced emotions of happiness, sorrow etc. are known as exclamatory sentences. os okD; tks cgqr xgjh ;k vpkud mBh Hkkoukvksa dks izdV djsa Exclamatory dgykrs gSaA;s okD; lkekU;r% Interjections(Bravo!,Oh!,Alas!),What ;k How ls “kq: gksrs gSaA What ;k How ls “kq: gksus okys okD;ksa ds vUr esa foLe;kfncks/kd fpg~u (Exclamation Mark) yxk jgrk gSA

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Transformation Of sentences Eg. Oops! I fell.

vjs! eSa fxj x;kA What a pretty girl!

fdruh lqUnj yM+dh gS! Affirmative to negative:

Rule 1: Only/ alone/ merely → Replaced by → None but(person)/ nothing but(things)/ not more than or not less than(number) Eg. (1) Affirmative: Only God can help us. Negative: None but God can help us. (2) Affirmative : He has only a ball. Negative: He has nothing but a ball. (3) Affirmative: He has only ten rupees. Negative: He has not more than ten rupees.

Rule 2: Must → Replaced by → Cannot but/ Cannot help+ (v+ing). Eg. (4) Affirmative: We must obey our parents. Negative: we cannot but obey our parents/ we cannot help obeying our parents.

Rule 3: Both----and → Replaced by → not only ---- but also. Eg. (5) Affirmative: Both Anil and Shreya were excited. Negative: Not only Anil but also Shreya were excited.

Rule 4: and ( if join two words) → Replaced by → Not only ----- but also. Eg. (6) Affirmative: He was obedient and gentle. Negative: He was not only obedient but also gentle. Follow us @ www.facebook.com/englishbymanoj Follow us @ www.facebook.com/sanidhyacoachingclassesbhadra Page 4

Transformation Of sentences Rule 5: Everyone/ everybody/every person/ (every + common noun)/all → Replaced by → There is no + attached word + but. Eg. (7) Affirmative: Every mother loves her child. Negative: There is no mother but loves her child.

Rule 6: As soon as → Replaced by → No sooner had ----- Than. Eg. (8) Affirmative: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away. Negative: No sooner had the thief saw the police he ran away.

Rule 7: Absolute Superlative degree → Replaced by → No other+ attached word + so + positive form + as + subject. Eg. (9) Affirmative: Dhaka is the biggest city in Bangladesh. Negative: No other city is as big as Dhaka in Bangladesh.

Rule8: Sometimes affirmative sentences are changed into negative by using opposite words. Before the word, off course ‘not’ is used. Eg. (10) Affirmative: I shall remember you. Negative: I shall not forget you.

Rule 9: Always → Replaced by → Never. Eg. (11) Affirmative: Raven always attends the class. Negative: Raven never misses the class.

Rule 10: Too ---- to → Replaced by → so ---that+ can not/could not(in past). Eg. (12) Affirmative: He is too weak to walk. Negative: He is so weak that he cannot walk. Follow us @ www.facebook.com/englishbymanoj Follow us @ www.facebook.com/sanidhyacoachingclassesbhadra Page 5

Transformation Of sentences Rule 11: As – as → Replaced by → Not less – than. Eg. (13) Affirmative: Simi was as wise as Rimi. Negative: Simi was not less wise than Rimi.

Rule 12: Universal truth are change by making them negative interrogative. Eg. (14) Affirmative: The Sun sets in the west. Negative: Doesn’t the Sun set in the west.

Rule 13: Sometimes → Replaced by → Not + always. Ex. (15) Affirmative: Raven sometimes visits me. Negative: Raven doesn’t always visit me.

Rule 14: Many → Replaced by → Not a few. Eg. (16) Affirmative: I have many friends. Negative: I do not have few friends.

Rule 15: A few → Replaced by → not many. Eg. (17) Affirmative: Bangladesh has a few scholars. Negative: Bangladesh doesn’t have many scholars.

Rule 16: Much → Replaced by → A little. Eg. (18) Affirmative: He belongs much money. Negative: He doesn’t belong a little money.

Rule 17: A little → Replaced by → not much. Eg. Follow us @ www.facebook.com/englishbymanoj Follow us @ www.facebook.com/sanidhyacoachingclassesbhadra Page 6

Transformation Of sentences (19) Affirmative: Dolon has a little riches. Negative: Dolon doesn’t have much riches.

ASSERTIVE TO INTERROGATIVE:Rule 1: If the sentence is in the affirmative you have to change it into negative interrogative. If it is in negative then you have to change it into bare interrogative. Eg. (20) Assertive: He was very gentle. Interrogative: wasn’t he very gentle? (21) Assertive: He is not a good person. Interrogative: Is he a good person?

Rule 2: No auxiliary verb in sentence →→ Change it by using →→ Do/does/did Or Don’t/doesn’t/didn’t. Eg. (22) Assertive: He plays Football. Interrogative: Does he play football? (23) Assertive: They did not play football yesterday. Interrogative: Did they play football yesterday?

Rule3: Never → Replaced by → Ever. (24) Assertive: I never drink tea. Interrogative: Do I ever drink tea?

Rule 4: Everybody/everyone/ All → Replaced by → Who + Don’t/ Doesn’t/ Didn’t Eg. (25) Assertive: Everybody wishes to be happy. Interrogative : Who doesn’t wish to be happy?

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Transformation Of sentences Rule 5: Every + noun → Replaced by → Is there any + noun+ Who don’t/doesn’t/didn’t. Eg. (26) Assertive: Every man wishes to be happy. Interrogative: Is there any man who doesn’t wish to be happy?

Rule 6: No body/ no one / None → Replaced by → Who. Eg. (27) Assertive: Nobody could count my love for you. Interrogative: Who could ever count my love for you?

Rule 7: There is no → Replaced by → Is there any/ Who(person)/ What( thing). Eg. (28) Assertive: There is no use of this law. Interrogative: What is the use of this law. (29) Assertive: There is no man happier than Jamil. Interrogative: Who is Happier than jamil.

Rule 8: It Is no → Replaced by → Is there any/Why. Eg. (30) Assertive: It is no use of taking unfair means in the exam. Interrogative: Why take unfair means in the exam? Or Is there any use of this law?

Rule 9: It Doesn’t matter → Replaced by → what though/ Does it matter. Eg. (31) Assertive: It does not matter if you fail in the exam. Interrogative: What though if you fail in the exam?

Interrogative to assertive is to be done doing Vice versa.

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Transformation Of sentences Exclamatory sentence to Assertive sentence:Rule1: Subject and Verb of exclamatory sentence are to be used as the subject and verb of assertive sentence at the outset of the sentence. How/what → Replace by → Very(before adjective)/ Great(before noun) Eg. (32) Exclamatory: How fortunate you are! Assertive: You are very fortunate. (33) Exclamatory: What a fool you are! Assertive: You are a great fool.

Rule 2: Sometimes the subject and verb may be eclipsed. Eg. (34) Exclamatory: What a beautiful scenery! Assertive: It is a very beautiful scenery. (35) Exclamatory: What a pity! Assertive: It is a great pity.

Rule 3: Hurrah/ Bravo → Replace by → I/we rejoice that/ It is a matter of joy that. Eg. (36) Exclamatory: Hurrah! We have own the game. Assertive: It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.

Rule 4: Alas → Replace by → I/we Mourn that/ It is a matter of sorrow or grief that. Eg. (37) Exclamatory: Alas! He has failed. Assertive: We mourn that he has failed.

Rule 5: Had/were/If /Would that(at the out set) → Replaced by → I wish + subject again + were/ had+ rest part. Eg. Follow us @ www.facebook.com/englishbymanoj Follow us @ www.facebook.com/sanidhyacoachingclassesbhadra Page 9

Transformation Of sentences (38) Exclamatory: Had I the wings of a bird! Assertive: I wish I had the wings of a bird. (39) Exclamatory: Were I a bird! Assertive: I wish I were a bird. (40) Exclamatory: If I were young again! Assertive: I wish I were young again. (41) Exclamatory: would that I could be a child! Assertive: I wish I could be a child.

*Assertive to exclamatory is to be done doing Vice versa. Imperative to assertive:Rule 1: Add subject + should in doing assertive. Eg. (42) Imperative: Do the work. Assertive: you should do the work.

Rule 2: Please/kindly → Replaced by → you are requested to. Eg. (43) Imperative: Please, help me. Assertive: You are requested to help me.

Rule 3: Do not → Replaced by → You should not. Eg. (44) Imperative: Do not run in the sun. Assertive: you should not run in the sun.

Rule 4: Never → Replaced by → you should never. Eg. (45) Imperative: Never tell a lie. Assertive: You should never tell a lie. Follow us @ www.facebook.com/englishbymanoj Follow us @ www.facebook.com/sanidhyacoachingclassesbhadra Page 10

Transformation Of sentences Rule 5: Let us → Replaced by → We should. Eg. (46) Imperative: Let us go out for a walk. Assertive: We should go out for a walk.

Rule 6: Let + noun/pronoun → Replaced by → Subject + might. Eg. Imperative: Let him play football. Assertive: He might play football.

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