Study Guide Third Grade Richmond Public Schools 2003 Written by the Elementary Science Lead Teachers

2002-2003 Elementary Science Lead Teachers Bellevue Blackwell Blackwell Annex Broad Rock Carver Cary Chimborazo Clark Springs Fairfield Fisher Fox Francis Ginter Park Greene Holton Miles Jones Mason Mary Scott Maymont Mary Munford A.V. Norrell Oak Grove Overby-Sheppard Patrick Henry Redd Reid Southampton Stuart Summer Hill Swansboro Westover Hills Whitcomb Woodville

Crystal Clark Jocelyn Edwards Virginia Hayes Yvette Hubbard Richard O’Brien Beth Sawyer Tracy Smith Lillie Ratliff-Ross Rita Williams Paige Kestler-Belcher Cheryl Brown Marcie Byrne Maeola Strother Carolyn Coleman Heidi Roberts Maricia Hayes Vicki Robertson Michelle Parsons Angela Bailey John Bennett Carolyn Doyle Phyllis Parham Jerome Holmes Greg Stallings Pam Parsons Sandra Hicks Joe Jenkins Katherine Martin Nicole Brooks-Giles Cynthia Gino Charmaine Brooks David Probst

Laura Wilkowski, Science Instructional Specialist Nelson Colbert, Science Instructional Specialist

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 2

Third Grade Study Guide Scientific Investigation 3.1 Name _________________________________ 1. Susan and John want to find out if the scooter they have is faster than their classmates’ scooters. They are sure it is. Write below a hypothesis for the problem that they are investigating. Be sure to use the “if __, then ___” form.

2. Write four observations for the picture below. Then make a prediction about what might happen next. Observations: 1. 2. 3. 4. Prediction:

3. Determine the favorite colors of your classmates. Fill in the data in the table below. Then graph this data on a separate sheet of graph paper. Favorite Colors Blue Red Green Yellow Black White Orange Purple

Favorite Colors of Students in our Class Number of Students Who Like this color

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4. Gather ten different books from your classroom or home. List below categories into which they might be grouped. All books

5. Write three observations and one inference about the picture below. Observations: 1. 2. 3. 4. Inference:

6. The car below is about _______ centimeters long. It is ______ inches long.

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6. Find four objects with a mass of ten grams. Write them below.

7. What is the volume of liquid in the graduated cylinder below?

8. Find the temperature of your classroom in Celsius and Fahrenheit.

9. Calculate how long it takes one of your friends to write their first and last name 20 times.

10. What measuring tool would a farmer use to find out the temperature outside?

11. What measuring tool would you use to measure the mass of a telephone?

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12. What measuring tool would you use to measure the volume of water a vase holds?

13. Which will measure air temperature?

a.

b.

c.

d.

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Third Grade Study Guide Simple Machines 3.2 Name _________________________________ 1. List the six simple machines and give 5 common examples of each.

Simple Machine

Example

1.

A. B. C. D. E. A. B. C. D. E. A. B. C. D. E. A. B. C. D. E. A. B. C. D. E. A. B. C. D. E.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 7

2. Why would I use a screwdriver to help open a paint can? What do simple machines do for us?

3. Labels the parts of the simple machine listed below. Then tell what type of simple machine it is.

4. What would happen if the paint can were moved closer to the middle of the simple machine listed above?

5.

. The blade of the knife below is an example of what type of simple machine?

a. b. c. d.

lever wedge pulley wheel and axle

6. A seesaw is an example of a a. inclined plane b. wedge c. wheel and axle d. lever 7. What object is wide at one end and pointed at another to help cut or split objects? a. inclined plane b. wedge c. wheel and axle d. lever Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 8

8. These are all examples of a wedge except a. knives b. front teeth c. a baseball d. saws 9. Gravity is a kind of a. force b. machine c. level d. heat 10. What is a simple machine?

11. What is a lever?

12. What is an inclined plane?

13. What is a wedge?

14. What is a wheel and axle?

15. What is a screw?

16. What is a pulley?

17. What machine pushes objects apart?

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18. What machine is used to hold objects together?

18. The picture shows two different iron wedges used to split a log. One does not split the log into two pieces, but the other one does. The wedge that splits the log is – a. harder b. wider c. lighter d. warmer

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Third Grade Study Guide Matter 3.3 What is matter? Matter is an object that takes up space and has mass. What is a solid? A solid is an object that has a certain volume and shape. The atoms are very close together in a solid. What is a liquid? A liquid has volume, but takes the shape of its container. What is a gas? A gas takes up space, but has no shape or volume of its own. The atom are very far apart. What is mass? Mass is the amount of matter in an object (weight). What are the properties of matter? The properties of matter are the size, color, taste, sound, smell, and texture of an object. If matter is reduced in size do all the other physical properties stay the same? Yes, the color, taste, sound, smell, and texture stay the same. If you cut a piece of paper in half do the physical properties stay the same?

Yes, the color and texture of the paper stay the same.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 11

Third Grade Study Guide Matter 3.3 Name _________________________________ 1. Use the Venn diagram below to list the properties of solids and liquids.

Solids

Liquids

2. Describe how the properties of solids, liquids AND gases are similar and different.

3. What is an atom?

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 12

4. Give an example of an object that is visible. Describe what being visible means.

5. Give an example of an object that is invisible. Describe what being invisible means.

6. An ice cube is an example of a a. solid b. liquid c. gas d. atom 7. When a liquid is changed to a gas it is called a. melting b. freezing c. evaporation d. condensation 8. A balance measures an object’s a. volume b. mass c. properties d. atoms 9.

Which object has particles that move around the most? a. a brick b. water c. air d. pencil

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10. What makes up matter? e. atoms f. states g. volume h. properties 11. When you tell an object’s length, you describe a a. volume b. property c. state d. mass 12. What two forms of matter have no shape of their own? e. solids and liquids f. liquids and gases g. solids and gases h. none of the above 13. Matter is made up of tiny particles too small to be seen. They are called a. grams b. atoms c. cells d. crystals 14. When a gas is changed into a liquid it is called e. melting f. freezing g. evaporation h. condensation 15. Which solid will dissolve in a liquid? a. sand b. sugar c. plastic beads d. marbles

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 14

Third Grade Study Guide

Life Processes 3.4 In order to survive, animals act in different ways to gather and store food. How do chipmunks, squirrels, and prairie dogs get their food? ____ (gathering) How do meat eating animals, such as cougar, get their food? ____ (hunting) Physical adaptations or the way an animal looks helps animals survive in their environment. What is mimicry? Mimicry is when an animal looks like other animals to avoid being eaten. This adaptation helps protect them from their predators. For example, the viceroy butterfly tastes good to birds, but the monarch butterfly tastes bad. Because the viceroy butterfly looks like the monarch butterfly, it is safer from birds. What is camouflage?

An animal is camouflaged when its body covering looks similar to its surroundings

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 15

Third Grade Study Guide

Life Processes 3.4 Name _________________________________ 1. Define the words that follow and give an example for each. Vocabulary Definition Example Migrate

Hibernate

Estivate

Camouflage

Mimicry

Storing food

Defending themselves

2.

All of the vocabulary above describes physical or behavioral ______________________. This is a way that an animal or plant has changed to survive in their environment.

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3. A copperhead snake has a body covering of scales that are the color of copper pennies. It is able to camouflage itself in its habitat. Where would you expect to find copperhead snakes? A. in a meadow of tall green grass B. in a sandy desert C. among dead leaves in a forest D. in a garden of brightly colored flowers

4. The advantage in the scarlet king snake looking like the coral snake is that -

a. it is attractive to other animals b. animals will be afraid of it c. it will be able to find other king snakes d. it can have the coral snake take care of its young

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6. Which type of frog foot is best adapted for swimming?

a.

b.

c.

d.

7. Which box shows animals that depend most on camouflage for protection?

a.

b.

c.

d.

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Third Grade Study Guide Living Systems: Relationships among organisms 3.5 Name _________________________________ 1. List examples for each of the following categories. Producer

Consumer

2. Define decomposer in your OWN words.

3. Define producer in your OWN words.

4. Define consumer in your OWN words.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 19

Decomposer

5. List examples for each of the following. Herbivore Carnivore

Omnivore

6. Make a food chain that includes one producer, one herbivore, and one carnivore.

7. For each of the following, circle the predator. Fox, Rabbit Moth, Bat Fly, Frog Robin, Worm Deer, Human 8. List your own predator and prey below. Then tell whether each is an omnivore, carnivore or herbivore. Predator

Prey

________________________

____________________________

omnivore, carnivore or herbivore

omnivore, carnivore or herbivore

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 20

Use the following diagram to answer questions 9-12. algae-->minnow-->bass-->blue heron 9. Scientist call this diagram a

________________________.

A. energy cycle B. food chain C. lake environment D. water cycle 10. In this diagram which organism can be described as a predator and a prey? A. algae B. blue heron C. minnow D. bass 11. Bird watchers observed that the number of blue herons sighted at this lake had decreased. What is the best explanation of what might cause this? A. More bass were put into the lake for better fishing. B. A bass fishing contest was held at this lake earlier in the year. C. A rule was made that fisherman had to put all fish that they caught back into the lake. D. The bird watchers scared the blue herons away. 12. Which organism is best described as a herbivore? A. algae B. minnow C. bass D. blue heron Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 21

Third Grade Study Guide Living Systems: Animals share limited resources 3.6 Name _________________________________ 1. Describe each environment, and then give an example of a plant and an animal that lives in each. Environment Description Plant Animal Marsh Pond Swamp Stream River Ocean Desert Grassland Rainforest Forest

2. What might happen to a population of deer if the amount of producers in an area was damaged by drought?

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3. What would happen to a population of wolves that depended on the deer in question #2?

4. How would an environment be affected if hunting were banned and no deer were killed in a given area?

5. Describe five things that might affect the population of animals in an area.

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Third Grade Study Guide Soil 3.7 What is soil? Soil is another word for dirt. It is made of rock, air, water, and decayed plants and animals. How do large rocks become part of soil? Large rocks have many holes and cracks. When it rains or snows, water fills the holes and cracks. This water freezes and pushes against the rock. As the water continues to freeze and melt, the rock slowly breaks apart. Over many years, the water causes the rock to break into small pieces and form soil. Soil can also collect in the cracks of the rock. Plants can grow in this soil. The roots push against the rock and break it apart. Over many years, a large rock can cause a large rock to crumble. What are the components of soil? The components of soil are clay, silt, humus, sand, and rock. 1. Sandy soil is loose and easy to dig. Sand is the largest particle in the soil. Sandy soil does not hold water, and it has few nutrients. Most plants do not grow well in sandy soil. 2. Silt is a soil particle whose size is between sand and clay. Silt feels smooth and powdery. 3. Clay soil is made of tiny grains that are very close together. Clay soil holds water well and has many nutrients. Many plants can’t grow in clay soil because the grains are so close together. 4. When plants and animals die they decay or rot. Decomposers help the break the dead plants and animals into tiny pieces. The tiny pieces of decayed plants and animals are called humus. 5. Due to erosion of the subsoil and bedrock little pieces of rock are part of soil.

What are the layers if soil? _________________________________________________________________ Topsoil- It is the top layer where plants grow. Topsoil is a natural product of the erosion of subsoil and bedrock. It contains nutrients that plants need to grow. Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 24

_________________________________________________________________ Subsoil- It is the layer under the topsoil. It is made of smaller size rocks. _________________________________________________________________ Bedrock- It is the layer under the bedrock. It is a large slab of rock. ________________________________________________________ Is soil a natural resource? Yes, soil is a natural resource. It needs to be conserved (saved) because it is important for plants. Why is soil important? 1. Soil gives support to plants. 2. Soil holds the roots of the plant. 3. Soil has nutrients plants need to grow.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 25

Third Grade Study Guide Soil 3.7 Name _________________________________ 1. Give two examples of organic materials that might be found in soil.

2. Give two examples of inorganic materials that might be found in soil.

3.

Peanuts are primarily grown in the eastern part of Virginia because of the sandy soil. Describe how water acts in sandy soil.

4.

Describe how clay is different from sandy soil.

5.

Describe what loam is and why a gardener might want it for his plants.

6.

Describe how plants, animals and people depend on soil.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 26

7.

Describe the difference between topsoil, subsoil and bedrock.

8.

The process whereby rocks are broken down naturally into soil is known as

__________________________________. 9.

Describe three ways that erosion might occur.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 27

Third Grade Study Guide Earth Patterns, Cycles and Change: Basic Sequences and Cycles 3.8 Name _________________________________ 1. Explain why we have day and night.

2. If it took the earth longer to revolve around the sun, we would have longer __________________. Explain your answer below.

3. Why do we have seasons?

4. Why does the moon look different at the beginning of the month than it does at the end of the month?

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 28

5. Put the phases of the moon below in order.

__________

__________

__________

__________

6. How many tide cycles are there in a given day? Why do they occur?

7. Put the life cycle below in order.

__________

__________

__________

8. Explain the life cycle of humans.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 29

__________

9. A student recorded the phase of the moon on Monday of each week for 8 weeks. According to the results, which of these shows the moon on Monday of the ninth week? e.

f.

g.

h.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 30

Third Grade Study Guide Earth Patterns, Cycles and Change: Water Cycle 3.9 Name _________________________________ 1. Draw the water cycle below and label each stage.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 31

2. Julie noticed some water forming on the outside of her water pipes. She knew she didn’t have a leak. What might explain this water?

3. Why don’t you see puddles for days after it rains? Where do they go? Why?

4. List some ways that we can conserve water below.

5. Tides are caused by the pull of this on the earth's oceans. a. the moon b. full moon c. rotation d. revolution 6. Seasons are caused by the earth's revolution around the sun and by this a. the moon b. full moon c. rotation d. the tilt of the earth Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 32

7. Day and night are caused by this movement of the earth a. the moon b. full moon c. rotation d. the tilt of the earth

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 33

Third Grade Study Guide Resources: Natural and Human events survival of species 3.10 Name _________________________________ 1. Explain what happen if all the salmon and lake trout were affected by water pollution.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 34

2. How do humans affect the quality of air?

3. If all of the trees in a forest were cut down to make a new housing development, what would happen to the other organisms within a forest?

4. Describe each of the following natural disasters in your own words. EarthquakeVolcanoFloodDrought5. Describe one way that humans could help to restore or renew an environment that has been damaged.

6. What does conservation mean? Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 35

7. Describe species monitoring in your own words.

8. Wildlife preserves, national parks and national forests are all examples of ____________________ ____________________.

9. What natural event most likely caused the damage to this forest habitat? a. A flood b. A fire c. A hurricane d. An earthquake

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 36

Third Grade Study Guide Resources: Energy Sources 3.11 What is energy? Energy is the ability to do work or produce change. What is the world’s greatest natural energy source? (The sun) What is a very powerful form of energy? (Nuclear Energy) What are natural sources of nature? Sunlight, wind, and water are natural sources of energy. Solar energy can be captured directly from the sun by plants to make food. Solar energy can also be converted to electricity by solar cells. The force of flowing water and moving air (wind) can also be used to generate electricity.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 37

Resources: Energy Sources 3.11 Name _________________________________ 1. List three resources that are renewable.

2. List three resources that are nonrenewable.

3. Define solar energy in your own words and give an example of something that uses solar energy.

4. What is an example of something that uses wind energy?

5. ______________________ sources of energy are ones that can be used many times.

6. ______________________ sources of energy are ones that cannot be recreated for many hundreds of years.

Richmond Public Schools 2002-2003 Elementary Science Study Guide 38

Third Grade Richmond Public Schools 2003

Elementary Science Study Guide. 4. 4. Gather ten different books from your classroom or home. ... 11. What measuring tool would you use to measure the mass of a telephone? .... Living Systems: Relationships among organisms 3.5. Name ...

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