Motor Experience Greater visual sensitivity to actions that an observer has performed (e.g., Loula et al., 2005).
Question of Interest
Do emotional processes contribute to the visual analysis of human motion?
Do emotional processes contribute to the visual analysis of human motion?
Superior Temporal Sulcus (STS) Strongly associated with the visual analysis of human action.
From Grossman et al (2000) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Superior Temporal Sulcus (STS)
STS projects to and receives input from the amygdala If the amygdala contribute to processing in the STS, then action perception should be modulated by emotion. From Grossman et al (2000) Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Is action perception emotion dependent? Experiment 1: Create set of emotional action stimuli. Experiment 2: Is the detection of human action influenced by the emotional content of the action?
Experiment 1 - Stimulus Construction
Professional actors expressing a variety of emotions walked naturally within a motion capture system.
ReActor Motion Capture by Ascension
Experiment 1 - Stimulus Construction
5 Emotional States Neutral Sad Happy Afraid Angry
Experiment 1 - Procedure • 8 naïve observers viewed 312 three second movies • Observers categorized the emotion portrayed in each movie • 5 alternative forced choice (neutral, happy, sad, angry, afraid) • No feedback
Does the emotional content of an action influence the detection of that action?
Experiment 2 Is action perception modulated by emotion?
Walker Alone
Experiment 2 Is action perception modulated by emotion?
Walker Alone
Walker + Mask
Each stimulus had its own unique mask.
Walker Present: Angry
Walker Present in Mask: Angry (Color Difference for Demo Only)
Walker Present in Mask: Angry (What Subjects saw)
Two types of trials Walker Present in Mask 50% of trials
Walker Absent from Mask 50% of trials
Walker Absent/Scrambled: Angry
Walker Absent + Mask: Angry (Color Difference for Demo Only)
Walker Absent + Mask: Angry (What Subjects saw)
Experiment 2 Is action perception modulated by emotion? Methods • 13 naïve observers watched 120 movies • Task: Report whether walker is present or absent • No feedback
Experiment 2 Is action perception modulated by emotion? 3.5 Main effect of emotion (p<.01)
3 2.5 2 D-prime measure of discrimination performance
1.5 1 .5 0 -.5 -1 -1.5 -2 afraid angry
happy
neutral
sad
Walker detection is modulated by emotional content.
Experiment 2 Is action perception modulated by emotion? .5 .4 .3 .2 Reaction Time (z-scores)
.1
Slower than average
0 -.1
Faster than average
-.2 -.3 -.4 -.5 afraid
angry
happy
neutral
sad
Detection differences do not reflect speed-accuracy trade-offs.
Experiment 2 Is action perception modulated by emotion? .5 .4 .3 .2 Reaction Time (z-scores)
.1
Slower than average
0 -.1
Faster than average
-.2 -.3 -.4 -.5 afraid
angry
happy
neutral
Angry walkers were detected quickly.
sad
Experiment 2 Is action perception modulated by emotion? 3.5 Main effect of emotion (p<.01)
Conclusions • Emotional processes contribute to the visual analysis of other people’s actions. • This effect may depend upon interactions between the visual and limbic systems. • Human action perception depends upon a complex network of systems including visual, motor, and emotional processes.
Reaction time by Trial Type & Emotion Target-Absent Target-Present
p<.005 for interaction of trial type & emotion
RT z-scores
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
afraid
happy
sad
-0.2 neutral -0.4 -0.6 -0.8
angry
Rapid responses to the presence of angry walkers
False Alarms Rates by Emotion
0.7
% of False Alarms
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
afraid
angry
happy
neutral
sad
Detection of Life Sized Walkers Emotion X Direction Left/Right Interaction, p=.002
3.5 3
Towards/Away
D-primes
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
afraid
angry
happy
neutral
sad
Criterion data for computer shown Walkers 1.5
Decision boundary
1 0.5 Mean of noise
0 -0.5
afraid
neutral angry happy
-1
sad
Criterion Data for Life Sized Walkers Decision boundary
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visual analysis of human motion? Superior Temporal Sulcus (STS). Strongly associated with the visual analysis of human action. From Grossman et al (2000).
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