The Effects of Speed Variation on Joint Kinematics during Multi-Segment Reaching Movements Xudong Zhang and Don B. Chaffin Human Movement Science, 18:741-757, 1999. This study examined the effects of speed variation on the joint kinematic characteristics during multi-segment reaching movements. An experiment was conducted in which six subjects performed a wide variety of seated reaching movements using two speed modes. Motions of the upper torso and right arm were measured by tracking markers on surface body landmarks using a four-camera opto-electronic movement analysis system. Joint angle profiles were derived from the measured locations of surface markers, based on a 7-DOF biomechanical linkage model. These angle profiles were then mathematically characterized by four-parameter hyperbolic tangent functions through a non-linear curve fitting process. Accurate characterization of the profiles (mean R2 = 0.99) allowed subsequent statistical analysis. Both multi- and uni-variate ANOVA were used to test the speed effects on the parameters as a whole and individually. The study revealed the following: (1) neither the joint angle selection nor the amplitude of the selected angle motions was significantly influenced by the speed variation, (2) neither the time-scaling effect nor the symmetry of velocity profile in a strict sense was present, and (3) a faster speed induced a steeper rate (time-scaled) for the primary descending/ascending but a greater fraction of total time for accelerating phase where the velocity and acceleration are in the same direction. abs1999_00
The Effects of Speed Variation on Joint Kinematics ...
body landmarks using a four-camera opto-electronic movement analysis system. Joint angle profiles were derived from the measured locations of surface markers, based on a. 7-DOF biomechanical linkage model. These angle profiles were then mathematically characterized by four-parameter hyperbolic tangent functions ...
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Design software (version 3.0) and typed using iPLEX⢠chemistry on .... Spectrometer by MassARRAY Workstation software. (version ..... Kranzler, H. R. (2004).
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and the gear wheel when one pair is in contact. (iii) The ratio of the sliding to rolling motion at the beginning of engagement, at the pitch point and at the.
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how the current account behaves after a country adopts inflation targeting. Moreover, I account for global shocks such as US growth rate, global real interest rate ...
Moreover, scenarios obtaining the MUD gain have been studied in ad hoc networks [13], in cognitive radio networks [14], and multi-cell downlink and uplink net-.
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Aug 17, 2011 - http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/08/03/rsbl.2011.0645.full.html. This article cites 16 articles, 2 of which can be accessed ...
example in the United States, and in immersion programmes, as in Canada. We will concentrate here on the Canadian .... United States and found that students who were taught in their first language while receiving intensive instruction in English ....
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