Corrosion and Fracture Focus Group
TENSILE PROPERTIES OF PINEAPPLE LEAF FIBRE REINFORCED UNSATURATED POLYESTER Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Tezara Cionita, Dandi Bachtiar, and Mohd Ruzaimi Mat Rejab
Background of study Problem statement Objectives
CONTENT
Scope of study Literature review Methodology References
BACKGROUND OF STUDY • The development of natural fibre composites has been in the limelight for this recent years since there are many studies conducted on natural fibres to replace synthetic fibres as reinforcement. Natural fibres are more economical when used as reinforcement in polymer composites compared with synthetic fibres. • Recently, the research community has shown growing interest in using PALF to reinforce thermoplastic and thermoset polymer composites due to their excellent mechanical properties compared to those of other natural fibres.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Fibre length, fibre content and interfacial adhesion between fibre and polymer matrix are the three factors that determine the strength of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The main objectives of this study are : • To investigate the tensile properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composite. • To compare the effect of fibre length and fibre content of pineapple fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composite.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY Fabricate the specimen with different variable of fibre length and fibre content of PALF/UP composite using hand lay-up process Prepare tensile tests specimen according to ASTM D3039. Analysis and collect data for the tensile properties of PALF/UP composite.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Classification of natural fibers Natural fiber
Animal fibers
Wood
Fruit
Coir
Mineral Fibers
Vegetables or plant fibers
Seed
Cotton Kapok
Leaf
Bast
Stalk
Cane,grass & reed fibres
Pineapple Abaca Sisal
Flax Hemp Jute Ramie Kenaf
Wheat Maize Barley
Bamboo Bagasse Sabei
Source : Akil (2011)
EXAMPLE OF THE PLANT FIBER
Jute plant
Sisal plant
Mengkuang plant Flax plant
Pineapple leaf Source : wikimedia
Source : Sheltami, 2012)
Cont.. LITERATURE REVIEW • Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is one of the fibre have been extract from the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus) from the Bromeliaceae family (Arib et al., 2006). • Pineapple leaf fibres have greater content of cellulose compared to other fibre and play an important role in fruit weight and the point that the fruit are not perishable (Reddy et al., 2005) • Traditional people use PALF leaves for making rope, mats and weaving hats.
(Source: Saira et al., 2012)
Properties of selected natural and manmade fibers
(Source: Nanthaya et al., 2012)
Source: (Ku et al., 2011)
METHODOLOGY
FLOW CHART
MOULD OF THE SPECIMEN Glass mould Thickness 5 mm 360mm
200 mm
260 mm
300 mm
2D picture for mould specimen
3D picture for mould specimen
STANDARD TENSILE TEST SPECIMEN
30 mm
200 mm
5 mm
Specimen shapes and dimensions of ASTM D3039 Speed of the tensile test is 1mm/min 7 specimen each test
STANDARD TENSILE TEST SPECIMEN
Universal tensile testing machine INSTRON model 3369.
PREPARATION FOR TENSILE TEST Pure UP
UP
MPEKr
5% PALF
PALF Glass mould
Mixing process 10% PALF fiber
15% PALF fiber
Product
Universal testing machine Instron 3369
Tensile test
Specimen for tensile test
T-JAW machine
Cutting process
Results Tensile properties of PALF/UP composites with different fibre length
Tensile properties of PALF/UP composites with different fibre length
Discussions The addition of 5% fibre with < 0.5 mm length of fibre in UP composite, the tensile strength and tensile modulus is about 29.80 MPa and 981 MPa respectively. The addition of 0.5-1 mm and 1-2 mm size of fibre significantly increase of the tensile strength and tensile modulus of composite from 35.40 MPa to 42.30 MPa and 1020 MPa to 1344 MPa respectively The result of the investigation shows that the increase size of fibre from < 0.5 mm to 1-2 mm has increase the tensile strength of PALF/UP composites.
Discussions The increase of fibre content from 0 to 15 %vol. has decreased the tensile strength and tensile modulus of PALF/UP composites. The addition of 5% PALF in UP composites the tensile strength has decreased of 25 % (42.30 MPa). The tensile modulus increase by 8%, from 1237 MPa to 1344 MPa, when the fibre content increased from 0% to 5%. The tensile strength and tensile modulus has decreased with the increase of the fibre volume fraction of 5 to 15%. The highest fibre content (15%) in UP composites has lowest tensile strength (26.10 MPa) and tensile modulus (869 MPa).
Conclusions The results of this study indicate that the fibre length has profound impact on the properties of composites. Beside holding the fibres together, the matrix has the important function of transferring applied load to the fibres. The efficiency of a fiber reinforced composite depends on the fiber-matrix interface and the ability to transfer stress from the matrix to the fiber The decrement of tensile strength on natural fibre composite is due to the weak bonding between the fibre and matrix. In addition, fibre agglomerations also lead to uneven dispersion in matrix, thus weakening the tensile strength of the material
REFERENCES 1)
Arib, R.M.N., Sapuan, S.M., Ahmad, M.M.H.M., Parida, M.T., and Khairul Zaman, H.M.D. 2004. Mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Materials and Design, 27:391–396 2) Reddy, N., Yang, Y. 2005. Biofibers from agricultural by products for industry applications.Trends Biotechnol, 23: 22–27 Ratna Prasad.A.V. and Mohana Rao.K., Mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polyester composites: Jowar,sisal and bamboo, Materials and Design, 32,8-9,4658–4663. 3) Nanthaya, K., and Taweechai A. 2012. Utilisation of pineapple leaf waste for plastic reinforcement. A novel extraction method for short pineapple leaf fiber. Industrial Crops and Products, 40 :55– 61. 4) Ku, H., Wang, H., Pattarachaiyakoop, N., and Trada, M. 2011. A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites, 42: 856–873.
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