KpW\ne-hm-c-ap≈ hnZym`ymkw Ip´nIfpsS AhImiw QEPR

Hcp°w2010 Hcp Xo{h]T\ ]cn]mSn

kmaqlyimkv{Xw

s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIc-fw

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

Hcp°w 2010 BapJw anI® hnPbØnte°v

sXcs™Sp°s∏´ hnZymebßfn¬ 2006¬ Bcw`n® KpWta∑bpff

hnZym`ymkw Ip´nIfpsS AhImiw (QEPR) ]≤Xn AXns‚ e£yw t\Sns°m≠v apt∂dpIbmWv. A°mZanIhpw `uXnIhpamb Xeßfn¬ \nch[n apt∂‰ßƒ ssIhcn°phm≥ hnZymeb߃°v Ign™n´p≠v. 2009se

Hc p ° 20 w 10

Fkv.Fkv.F¬,kn ]co£bn¬ 25 hnZymeb߃ 100% Icÿam°n. 80%Øntesd hnZymebßfpw 80%Øntesd hnPbw t\SpIbp≠mbn. Cu hnPbw \ap°v sa®s∏SptØ≠Xp≠v. tIhe hnPba√ adn®v apgph≥ hnZym¿∞nIsfbpw kn+ \v apIfn¬ FØn°pI F∂ e£yamWv \Ωƒ B{Kln°p∂Xv. Cu e£yw ap∂n¬ I≠psIm≠v Ht´sd {]h¿Ø\߃ Bhnjv I cn®p \S∏m°n hcpIbmWv . (Iu¨kenwKv, saUn°¬ IymºpIƒ, klhmkIymºpIƒ, At\zjWmflI {]h¿Ø\߃ XpSßnbh)

anI® hnPbw e£yam°n 2010 P\phcn 26 apX¬ F√m Iyq.C.]n.B¿ hnZymebßfnepw {]tXyI IymºpIƒ \SØphm≥ Xocpam\n®n´p≠v . Cu ]cn]mSnbpsS Imcy£aamb \SØn∏n\v th≠nbmWv Hcp°w F∂ ]T\klmbn Xømdm°nbn´pffXv.

k¿§mflIamb

]p\c\p`h{]h¿Ø\߃,

aqey\n¿Wb{]h¿Ø\߃, AhbpsS hniIe\w F∂nh Dƒs°mffp∂ Hcp°w Ip´nIsf ]co£bv°v k÷cm°p∂Xn\v th≠n {]tbmP\s∏SptØ≠XmWv. hnZym¿∞nIƒ, c£nXm°ƒ, {]mtZinI `cWIqS߃, hnZym`ymk {]h¿ØI¿ XpSßnbhcpsS Iq´mb ]cn{iaØneqsS 2009- ˛ 10 h¿jw KpW\nehmctØmsS anI® hnPbw t\SnsbSp°m\pff h¿jambn amds´ F∂pw anI® hnPbw t\Sm≥ F√m hnZymeb߃°pw Ignbs´ F∂pw Biwkn®psIm≠v

hnPbmiwkItfmsS

F.]n.Fw.aplΩZv l\ojv sF.F.Fkv s]mXp hnZym`ymk UbdIvS¿ 3

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

Hcp¡w {]hÀ¯\§fpsS kwLS\ coXn c- p L«§fmbmWv {]hÀ¯\§Ä kwLSn¸nt¡- X v H¶mwL«w 26.01.2010 apX 10.02.2010 hsc þ 14 Znhkw c - m w L « w 10.02.2010 apX 12.03.2010 hsc þ 16 Znhkw

Hc p ° 20 w 10

H¶mw L«{]hÀ¯\§fpw kab{Iahpw Hmtcm hnjbhpambn _Ôs¸«v aqey\nÀ®b¯n\v ]cnKWn¡p¶ {][m\ Bib§Ä cq]s¸Sp¶Xn\pÅ {]hÀ¯\§Ä (`mjbn hnhn[ hyhlmc cq]§fpw AhbpsS khntijXIfpw IqSn Xncn¨dnbm\mIpw hn[w) CXnsâ ASnØm\¯n D¯c§Ä FgptX-coXn t_m[ys¸Sp¶Xn\pÅ {]hÀ¯\§Ä Bßhnizmkw hos-Sp¡p¶Xn\pÅ {]tXyI {]hÀ¯\§Ä (CXv amXrIm ]co£bpsS sXm«pap¼mbn kwLSn¸n¡p¶ hn[w Bkq{XWw sN¿Ww) Hmtcmhnjb§Ä¡pw e`n¡p¶ kabw Hmtcm Znhkhpw 11/2 aWn¡qÀ ssZÀLyapÅ 4 skj\pIfmbmWv {]hÀ¯\§Ä \S¯p¶Xv. Ime¯v 9.15 apX sshIn«v 4.45hscbmWv ]T\kabw. skj³ kab{Iaw {Ia \\zÀ 1 2. 3. 4.

skj\pIÄ skj³ þ 1 skj³ þ 2 skj³ þ 3 skj³ þ 4

skj³ kabw CSthfIÄ 9.15 AM - 10.45 AM10.45AM -11 AM 11.00 AM - 12.30 AM 12.30 AM -1.30PM 1.30 PM - 3.00PM 3.00PM -3.15 AM 3.15 PM - 4.45 PM 4.45 PM - Feedback

Hmtcm hnjb¯n\pw A\phZn¡p¶ e`n¡p¶ skj\pIÄ BsI skj\pIÄ 14 Znhkw x 4 skj\pIÄ þ 56 skj\pIÄ

4

Hcp°w 2010 \¼À 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

hnjbw aebmfw/Ad_nIv/DÀZp/kwkvIrXw Cw¥ojv lnµn aebmfw tkmjy kb³kv ^nknIvkv sIankv{Sn _tbmfPn IW¡v

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw e`n¡p¶ skj\pIÄ 45 9 5 4 9 5 5 5 9

Hc p ° 20 w 10

C¯c¯n 14 Znhkw sIm-v FÃm hnjb§fnepw hÀ²n¨ Bßhnizmkt¯msS amXrIm aqey \nÀ®bs¯ t\XnSm³ {]m]vXam¡pw hn[w Ip«n¡pw A[ym]nI¡pw A\mbmkw D]tbmKn¡m³ Ignbp¶XmhWw Hmtcm hnjb¯ntâbpw " Hcp¡w 2010". c- m w L« {]hÀ¯\§fpw kab{Iahpw • amXrI aqey\nÀ®b¯n\p tijapff D¯c¡SemkpIfpsS hniIe\w • CXnsâ ASnØm\¯n Hmtcmhnjb¯nepw Ip«nIÄ t\cnSp¶ s]mXphmb {]iv \ taJeIfpw {]iv \ §fpw Is- ¯ m³ • CXv adnIS¡p¶Xn\mhiyamb {]hÀ¯\§Ä Hmtcmhnjb¯nepw Bkq{XWw sNbvXp \S¸nem¡Â • Bßhnizmkw hÀ²n¸n¡p¶Xn\pff {]tXyI {]hÀ¯\§Ä F¶nhbmWv c-mw L«¯n \St¡- X v . • {]iv\§Ä Hmtcm kvIqfntâbpw kmlNcya\pkcn¨v hyXykvXamIpsa¶Xn\m s]mXphmb Hcp ]T\kma{KnF¶Xv Cu L«¯n {]mtbmKnIaÃ. AXn\m kmlNcy§Ä IrXyambn Xncn¨dnªv k_vPIväv Iu¬knepIfpsS t\XyXz¯n OSS klmbt¯msS A\ptbmPyamb {]hÀ¯\§Ä Bkq{XWw sNbvXv ^e{]Zambn \S¸nem¡Ww. CXn\pth-n • ap³hÀj§fn X¿mdm¡nb Hcp¡w {]hÀ¯\§Ä • ap³hÀj§fn s]mXp]co£bnse tNmZy§Ä • ]pXpXmbn Is- ¯ p¶ {]hÀ¯\§Ä F¶nhsbms¡ {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯mw • Hmtcm hnjb¯n\pw e`n¡p¶ kabw \¼À hnjbw 1 aebmfw/DÀ±p/Ad_n/ kwkvIrXw 2 Cw¥ojv 3 lnµn

e`n¡p¶ kabw 6 9 7

5

Hcp°w 2010 4 5 6 7 8 9

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

aebmfw þ II tkmjyÂkb³kv ^nknIvkv sIankv{Sn _tbmfPn IW¡v

4 9 7 7 6 9

Hc p ° 20 w 10

BsI e`n¡p¶ skj\pIÄ 16 Znhkw x 4 - 64 skj\pIÄ A\phZn¨ kabw Xmev¡menIamWv. HmtcmkvIqfntâbpw kmlNcy¯n GXv hnjb¯nemtWm ]cnKW\ Iq«pX th-Xv AX\pkcn¨v kab¯nepw skj\pIfpsS F®¯nepw amäw BImhp¶XmWv. {]tXyI ]cn]mSn¡pff samUyqfpIÄ AXmXv kab¯v hnZym`ymkhIp¸nsâ sh_vsskän e`yam¡p¶XmWv.

samUyq-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ .....................................................

2010 S.SL.C ]co-£-°mbn Xøm-sd-Sp-°p∂ QEPER School- se hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p-th≠n hnZym`ymk hIp∏v Xøm-dm-°nb kmaq-ly-imkv{Xw ˛ Hcp°w 2010 \nß-fpsS ssII-fn-se-Øp-I-bmWv. Npcp-ßnb kabw sIm≠v ]mT-`m-K-߃ Ip´n-I-fn-se-Øn-°m≥ {i≤n-°p-at√m. ]mT-`m-K-ß-fnse Ht∂m ct≠m {]h¿Ø-\-߃ kqN-\-bmbn \¬In-sIm≠v Bibcq]o-I-c-W-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂ Xc-Øn-emWv {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ \¬In-bn-´p-≈Xv. 15 aWn-°q¿sIm≠v \n›nX samUyqƒ ]q¿ØnI-cn-°Ww. Ip´n-Iƒ°v kz¥-amb hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\pw Ah-kcw \¬IWw. t#mtcm samUyqƒ Ign-bp-tºmgpw {][m\ Bi-b-߃ ssIh-cn-®n-´pt≠m F∂v Check list D]-tbm-Kn®v ]cn-tim[nt°≠-Xm-Wv.

kmaqlyimkv{X hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS ^o¬Uv \n¿t±-i-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv CXv Xbm-bdm-°n-bXv S.S. I - se 1, 2, 4, 5 ]mT-`m-Kß - f - nse {][m\ Bi-bß - ƒ CtXm-sSm∏w \¬In-bn-´p≠v. CØ-cØ - n-ep≈ ]T\ {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv Ip´n-If - n-se-Øn-°m≥ {ian-°p-at√m!

6

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

kmaqlyimkv{Xw ˛ 1 bqWn‰v ˛ 1, 2, 7, 10 samUyqƒ ˛ H∂v {][m\ Bi-bß - ƒ :hnπ-hß - ƒ hnhn[ taJ-eI - f - n¬ sNep-Ønb kzm[o\w

Hc p ° 20 w 10

˛ hyh-km-bnI hnπhw temIØv hcp-Ønb am‰w km{am-PyXzw, tZio-b-Xbv°v hgn-h® kml-Ncyw ˛ hnhn[ Xcw tZio-b-X-Iƒ ˛ tkmjy-enÃv P\m-[n-]Xy Bi-b-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w DƒsIm≠v \S∂ km{am-PyXz hncp≤ ka-c-ßfpw Bi-b-ßfpw ˛ `£y kzbw ]cym-]vXX ssIh-cn-°-\n-S-bm-°nb kml-Ncyw ˛ ]ptcm-Ka - \ kaqlw krjvSn-°p-∂X - n¬ C¥y-bnepw tIcfØnepw \thm∞m\ \mbI≥amcpsS ]¶v

{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 1

“B[p-\nI Ime-Øn¬ temI kº-ZvL-S-\-bn¬ hnπ-h-I-c-amb am‰w hcp-Øm≥ hymh-km-bnI hnπ-h-Øn\v Ign-™p.” ˛ Cu {]kvXm-h-\-tbmSv \nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-cWw Ipdn-°p-I. ˛4 N¿® kqN-Iß - ƒ

˛ kv]n∂nwKv P∂n-bpsS I≠p-]n-SnØw ˛ a‰p cmPy-߃ kz¥-am-°m-\p≈ bm{X ˛ DS-a, sXmgn-emfn hn`-P\w ˛ tImf-\n-I-fnse NqjWw ˛ ^mIvS-dn-I-fpsS {]Nmcw

kqN-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn®v ]c-kv]cw ssIamdn hne-bn-cpØm≥ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p. hne-bn-cp-ج kqN-I߃

˛ imkv{X ]ptcm-KXn b{¥-ßf - psS I≠p-]n-Sn-ØØ - n-te°v \bn-®p-sh∂v ]cm-a¿in°p∂Xn\v ˛1 ˛ Dev]m-Z\ h¿≤-\hv hn]-Wn-Iƒ°v th≠n-bp≈ At\z-j-W-Øn\v Imc-W-ambn 1 ˛ hymh-km-bnI cmPy-߃ XΩn¬ kwL¿jw hf¿∂p. ˛1 ˛ tImf-\n-I-fnepw, km{am-PyXz cmPy-ß-fnepw D≠m-°nb {]Xym-Lm-X-߃ kqNn∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v. ˛1

7

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

A≤ym-]-I-tcmSv

Hc p ° 20 w 10

imkv{X ]ptcm-KXnbpsS hf¿®-bpsS ^e-ambn ]pXnb I≠p-]n-Sn-Øß - ƒ km[y-ambn. b{¥ß-fpsS I≠p-]n-SnØw Dev]m-Z\ taJ-e-bn¬ KWy-amb ]ptcm--KXn-bp-≠m°n. A[nI Dev]∂-߃ hn‰-gn-°m\pw hn]-Wn-Iƒ°pw , Akw-kvIrX hkvXp-°ƒ tiJ-cn-°p-∂X - n\pw hymhkm-bnI cmPy-߃ ]c-kv]cw a’-c-ap-≠mbn CXv ]c-kv]c kwL¿j-Øn-te°v hgn-sh-®p. CXns‚ ^e-ambn tImf-\n-I-fnepw, km{am-PyXz cmPy-ß-fnepw {]Xy-Lm-X-߃ ]e-X-c-Ønep-≠m-bn. ta¬]-d™ hkvXp-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn A≤ym-]-I≥ hy‡-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \StØ-≠X - p-≠v.

XpS¿ {]h¿Ø\w

1 ˛ km{amPyXz cmPy-ß-fn¬ B{I-a-tWm-’pI tZio-b-Xbpw, tImf-\n-I-fn¬ {]Xn-tcm-[]-c-amb tZio-b-Xbpw hf¿∂p h∂ kml-N-cy-sØ-°p-dn®v Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°p-I. kqN-I-߃ : Idp∏v bp≤w, t_mIvk¿ Iem]w, _ph¿bp-≤w, C‰en, P¿Ω\n GIo-I-cWw {]h¿Ø\w : 2 temI-sØ-ºm-Sp-ap≠mbn-´p≈ hnπ-h-߃ F√mw Xs∂ ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ P\-hn-`m-KßfpsS tamN\ {ia-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu {]kvXm-h-\-tbmSv Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]´n-I-bpsS shfn-®Øn¬ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I. ˛ {Kq∏v {]h¿Ø-\w. {Kp∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°n-bXv ]c-kv]c ssIam‰w sNbvXv hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p. h¿jw

t]cv

kml-Ncyw

t\XrXzw

Xp¿°n

Ab¿e‚ v

djy

P¿Ω\n

8

kz`mhw

^ew

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

kqN\ h¿jw

hnπ-h-Øns‚ t]cv Xp¿°n

1916

Ab¿e‚ v

1917

djy

1918

P¿Ω\n

t\XrXzw

kzm`mhw

^ew

kp¬Øm≥`-c-W- bph Xp¿°n-Iƒ P\m-[n-]Xyw kp¬Øm≥ Øns‚ Zu¿_eyw `cWw Ah-km-\n-®p. kzb-`-c-W-an√mbva tXmakv ¢m¿°v P\m-[n-]Xyw Ab¿e‚ v tImtWmen kzX{¥ambn tkzmOm-[n-]Xy sId≥kvIn tkmjy-enkv‰v k¿ `cWw `cWw˛N-{I-h¿ se\n≥ Ah-km-\n®p ØnamcpsS `cWw tkzmOm-[n-]Xy tdmkm-epIvkw P\m-[n-]Xyw cm-P-hm-gvN `cWw ˛N-{I-h¿ _¿, Imƒ en_v Ah-km-\n®p. Øn-am-cpsS `cWw \nIvXzw

Hc p ° 20 w 10

1908

kml-Ncyw

v\nK-a\w aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°Ww kqN\˛ ]´n-I-bn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p≈ hnπ-h-߃ F√mw ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ h¿§-ß-fpsS tamN\-Øn-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ˛ tkmjy-enÃv P\m-[n-]Xy , sXmgn-emfn h¿§ {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ hf¿®-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu hnπ-hßepsS ASn-ÿm\w ˛ P\m-[n-]XyØnte°pw , tkmjy-en-k-Øn-te°pw apt∂‰w

So®-tdmSv :-˛ Ip´n-I-fpsS kz¥w Is≠-Ø-ep-Ifpw aqey \n¿Æ-b-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°-Ww, anI® {Kq∏n-t\mSv CS-s]-Sm-\p≈ Ah-kcw So®¿ a‰p ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂ {Kq∏n\v \¬IWw.

XpS¿{]-h¿Ø\w

C¥y-bn¬ km{am-PyXz hncp≤ Iem]w Km‘n-Qn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S-∂p-ht√m CXn\v t{]cn-∏n® k¿∆ tZiob LS-I-߃ Is≠Øn Nºm-c≥ kacw apX¬ Nucn Nucm kw`-h߃ Dƒs∏-SpØn Ime KW-\-{I-a-Øn-se-gp-Xp-I. kqN-Iß - ƒ LS-Iß - ƒ ˛ tZiob P\m-[n-]Xy XXz-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw ˛ sXmgn-emfn h¿§ {]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS hf¿® ˛ {_´o-jp-Im-cpsS hmKvZm\ ewL\w ˛ NqjWw , ASn-®-a¿Ø¬ \bw Nºm-c≥ ˛ Pmen-b≥ _me-_mKv ˛ \n -l-I-cW {]ÿm-\w ae-_m¿ elf ˛ Nucn-Nucm kw`hw

9

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

C¥y-bnse Im¿jnI hnπhw `£y-£m-a-Øn¬ \n∂v ˛ `£y kzbw ]cy-]vXXbnte° kzX{¥ C¥ysb hy‡n-K-X-ambn enÃv sNbvXv hnhn[ {Kq∏p-I-fm°n N¿® sNbvXv sa®-s∏-SpØn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. kqN-Iß - ƒ

Hc p ° 20 w 10

˛ Im¿jnI ]cn-jvI-cW \nb-a-߃ ˛ P\-tk-N\ kuIcyw sa®-s∏-Sp-ج ˛ KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnØp-Iƒ ˛ cmk-h-f-߃, IoS-\m-in-\n-Iƒ ˛ Im¿jnI D¬]∂߃°v Xmßphne \n›-bn®p XpS-ßnb LS-Iß - ƒ Im¿jnI hnπ-h-Øn-te°pw `£y kzbw ]cy-m]vXXbnte°pw \bn®p F∂ \nK-a-\-Øn¬ t{ImUo-I-cnt°-≠X - mWv. XpS¿{]h¿Ø\w

`£y-kzb ]cym-]X v X t\Sm-\p≈ Hcp LSIw `q]-cn-j° v c - W \nb-aß - fmWt√m, Ch GsX√mw? Ah-bnse hyhÿ F{X-am{Xw Im¿jn-I-cw-KØv am‰w hcp-Ønbn ´p≠v ]´n-I-bm°n \nK-a\w Ipdn-°p-I. kqN-\Iƒ

\nbaw

hyhÿ

1. `q]-cn-jvI-c-W-\n-baw

2. IpSn-bm∑ \nbaw

3. `q]-cn[n \n›-bn-°¬

PmKn¿Zm-cn, skan-µmcn hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Ah-km-\n-∏n®v IpSn-bm≥am¿°v `qan-bn¬ DS-a-ÿm-h-Imiw e`n-®p. Irjn sNbvXv hcp∂ I¿j-I\v `qanbn¬ ssIh-im-h-Imiw e`n-®p. IqSn-bm≥am-cpsS ssIh-i-`q-an°v ]cn[n \n›-bn®p ]e \nb-a-ßfpw \S-∏n-em°n

\nK-a\w ˛ `q]-cn-jvI-cW \nb-a-Øn-eqsS `qc-ln-X-cmb [mcmfw t]¿°v `qan- e-`n-®-tXmSp IqSn DXv∏m-Z\w h¿≤n-°m-\n-S-bmbn {]h¿Ø\w ,. Im¿jnI ]cn-jvIm-c-߃ C¥y-bn¬ Im¿jn-I-hn-π-h-Øn\pw `£y-kzbw ]cym-]vX-Xbv°pw hgnsbm-cp-°n, CXns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ tIc-f-Ønse `q]-cn-jvI-cW \S-]-Sn-Iƒ, Im¿jn-I, kmaq-ln-I-ta-Je-I-fn¬ D≠m-°nb am‰w hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

10

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

kqN-Iß - ƒ kmaqly taJe

• • • • •

Im¿jnI taJe

• • • •

kmaqly \oXn Irjn-`qan I¿j-I\v e`n®p `qan°v ]cn[n \n›-bn®p an®-`qan `qc-ln-X¿°v hnX-cWw P∑nXzw Ah-km-\n-®p.

D¬]mZ\ taJ-e-bn¬ G‰°pd®n¬ Irjn-`q-an-bpsS hnkvXr-Xn\mWyhnf-bpsS hym]\w Im¿jnI Nne-hn-ep-≠m-bh¿≤\hv-

XpS¿ {]h¿Ø\w

Hc p ° 20 w 10

ka-Im-eo\ tIc-fØ - nse Im¿jn-It- a-Je - b - nse {]iv\ß - ƒ Is≠Øn ]cn-lmcw \n¿t±-in-°p-I.

samUyqƒ ˛ 2

{]h¿Ø\w :1 F√m bp≤-ß-fp-sSbpw ^ew H∂p Xs∂-bmWv , H∂mw temI alm-bp≤w apX¬ CdmJv ˛ IpsshØv bp≤w hsc-bp≈ bp≤-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Cu {]kvXm-h\ hne-bn-cp-Øp-I. N¿®m kqN-Iß - ƒ bp≤-s°-Sp-Xn-Iƒ Bƒ \miw hn`h \miw kmº-ØnI XI¿® a\p-jym-h-Imi ewL-\-߃ F∂n-h. Ch Nm¿´n¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn®v ]c-kv]cw ssIamdn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. So®-tdmSv : ˛

F√m bp≤-ß-fp-sSbpw ^e߃°v hf-sc-tbsd kam-\-X-Iƒ D≠v F∂ Bi-bØ - n¬ t{ImUo-Ic - n-t°-≠X - m-Wv.

XpS¿{]-h¿Ø\w ka-Im-eo\ temIØv \S∂ GsX-¶nepw bp≤-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ apI-fn¬ {]Xn]mZn® Bi-b-ß-fpsS km[pX ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I. {]h¿Ø\w : 2 H∂v c≠v temI alm-bp-≤ß - ƒ°v tijw kam-[m\ kwL-S\ - I - ƒ cq]o-Ic - n-°s - ∏-´p. Ch XΩn¬ kam-\-X-Ifpw sshPm-Xy-Ifpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]´nI {Kq∏n¬ \¬In Xmc-Xay Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I.

11

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

khn-ti-jX

k¿∆cmjv{S kJyw

sFIycmjv{S kwL-S\

e£y-߃ LS-Iß - ƒ kam-\X - I - ƒ hyXym-kß - ƒ kqNIw k¿∆-cm-jv{S kJyw

sFIy-cmjv{S kwL-S\

Hc p ° 20 w 10

khn-ti-jX - I - ƒ

•

e£y-߃

• •

A¥m-cmjv{S kam[m\w kpc-£n-XXzw Dd∏p hcp-ج

•

A¥m-cmjv{S kam[m\w kpc-£n-XXzw Dd∏p hcp-ج

A¥m-cmjv{S kl-I-cWw

•

A¥m-cmjv{S kl-Ic - Ww

•

bp≤w XS-bpI

bp≤w XS-bpI

LS-Iß - ƒ

Akwªn, Iu¨kn¬, sk{I-´d - n-tb‰v, A¥m-cmjv{S \oXn \ymb tImSXn

s]mXp-k-`, c£m-k-an-Xn, {SÃo-jn∏v Iu¨kn¬ kmº-ØnI kmaq-lnI kanXn, A¥m-cmjv{S \oXn \ymb tImSXn

kam-\X - I - ƒ

bp≤-߃ Hgn-hm-°m≥ {ian-®p. ASn-a-Øw, h¿Æ hnth-N\w FXn¿Øp.

bp≤-߃ Hgn-hm-°n, ASnaØw, h¿Æ hnth-N\w FXn¿Øp.

hyXymkw

AwK-cm-Py-߃°v hnt‰m ]h¿ C√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]ncn®n hn´p. GP≥kn C√ Ata-cn° AwK-a√

hnt‰m ]h¿ ÿncw-K-߃ \ne-\n¬°p∂p. {]tXyI GP≥kn-Iƒ Ata-cn° ta[m-hnXzw

{Kq∏n¬ Ah-X-cWw ˛ t{ImUo-I-cWw {]h¿Ø\w: 3 -˛ kzX{¥ cmPy-amb Cdm-Jns\ Ata-cn° Iog-S-°n-b-tXmsS A\p-Im-enI temI-Øn¬ UNO hns‚ {][m\yw \jvS-s∏-´p. ˛ temI kam-[m-\-Øn\pw kl-I-c-W-Øn\pw D≈ A¥m-cmjv{S kwLS\sb∂ \ne-bn¬ UNO C∂p {][m\yw A¿ln-°p-∂p.

12

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]kvXm-h-\-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm\Øn¬ UNO hns‚ t\´-ßfpw tIm´-ßfpw ]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. t\´-߃

tIm´-߃

kqN-Iß - ƒ

•

tIm´-߃

Hc p ° 20 w 10

t\´-߃

• hnt‰m A[n-Imcw {]h¿Ø-\-

CdmJv {]iv\w

߃°v \oXn e`n-°p-∂n√

•

• tkmhn-b‰v tk\sb l¶-dn-bn¬

tlmf≠v Ct¥m-t\jy

\n∂v ]n≥h-en-°m≥ Ign-™n√

•

C¥y ˛ ]m°n-ÿm≥ shSn \n¿Ø¬

• Ata-cn-°-bpsS ta[m-hn-Xz-Øn¬

XS-bn-Wb - n-Sm≥ Ign-bp-∂n√

•

c≠v sImdn-b-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ X¿°w

•

•

C¥y ˛ ]m°v bp≤-߃

•

•

C¥y ˛ CdmJv bp≤w

•

•

CdmJv ˛ IpsshØv bp≤w

•

•

•

•

•

So®-tdmSv :-˛ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Imcy-߃ IqSp-X¬ Is≠Øn ]´n-I-bn¬ tN¿°m≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-°Ww XpS¿{]-h¿Ø\w sFIycmjv{S Zn\m-N-c-W-Øns‚ `mK-ambn kvIqƒ Akw-ªn-bn¬ {]kw-Kn-°m-\m-h-iyamb Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°pI.

13

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw samUyqƒ 4

{]h¿Ø\w ˛1 “Xo{h-hm-Zhpw {]tZ-io-I-hm-Z-hpamWv cmPyw t\cn-Sp∂ ]pXnb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ” -˛ {][m\a{¥n

“`c-W-L-S\ ]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ \n∂v F√m hn`m-K-ß-fpsSbpw A`n-{]m-b-Øn\v sNhn-sIm-Sp-°m≥ R߃ Xøm-dmWv” ˛ {]-[m\a{¥n

Hc p ° 20 w 10

{][m\a{¥n-bpsS c≠v ]{X {]kvXm-h-\-I-fmWv apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂Xv ˛ CXns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ C¥y≥ P\m-[n-]-Xyw- t\-cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ Fs¥√mw? hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-®v˛ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. So®-tdmSv :˛ Imivao-cns‚ hS°v Ing-°≥ taJ-e-I-fnepw amthm-hm-Zn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw, a‰p Xo{h hmZn-Ifn¬ \n∂pw ka-Im-eo\ C¥y≥ P\m-[n-]Xyw sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂p. kwÿm-\߃°m-bn´p≈ apd-hn-fn-Iƒ cmPy-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂p Db-cp-∂p. ho≠pw Hcp kwÿm\ ]p\ kwL-S-\bv°p th≠nbp≈ apd-hn-fn-Iƒ Db-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ P\m-[n]Xy coXn-b-\p-k-cn®v F√m hn`mK P\-ß-fp-ambn N¿®-\-SØpsa∂pw Bh-iy-߃ `cW-L-S-\-bpsS ]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ \n∂v sIm≠v ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ \n¿t±-ihpw Cu {]kvXmh-\-bn¬ D≠v.

t{ImUo-I-cWw :˛ \nc-£c - X - , `oI-ch - m-Zw, {]tZ-inI hmZw, hne-°b - ‰ - w, sXmgn-en-√m-ba v , kmaqly hncp≤ \S-]-Sn, Agn-aXn F∂n-h. {]h¿Ø\w ˛2 P\m[n-]Xy {]{In-b-bpsS hnP-b-Øns‚ Hcp LS-I-am-Wv. Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Nn{X-Øn-ep≈Xv . Cu L´-Øn-se-Øp∂Xn\p apºp≈ hnhn[ L´-߃ F¥mWv? Ipdn-°p-I., Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I.

14

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

So®-tdmSv :-˛ Xnc-s™-Sp∏ IΩo-js‚ Npa-X-e-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn®v sIm≠v Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn∏n-°m≥ \n¿t±iw \¬I-Ww. \njv]£ - a - mbpw \oXn-]q¿∆-hp-amb Xnc-s™-Sp-∏mWv P\m-[n-]Xy hyh-ÿb - psS hnP-bI - c - a - mbn \S-Øn-∏o-\m-h-iy-amb Hcp LSIw ˛ a‰v LS-I-߃ Fs¥√mw? Ipdn-°p-I. kqN-\I - ƒ

:

kmaq-lnI \oXn Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I. k¥p-enX hnI-k\w km£-c-X, e£y t_m[-ap≈ `c-W-IqSw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap≈ {]Xn-]£w ]uc-t_m-[-ap-ff P\X XpS-ßn-b-h.

Hc p ° 20 w 10

{]h¿Ø\w ˛3 \ΩpsS \m´n¬ `oI-ch - mZw, Xo{hhmZw, kmaq-lnI hncp≤ \S-]S- n-Iƒ A\p-Zn\w h¿≤n®p sIm≠ncn-°p-∂p. CXv kmaq-ln-Ic - W \nb-{¥W GP≥kn-If - psS ]cm-Pbw sIm≠mtWm? {]Xn-Ic - Ww ˛ GsX√mw {]-{In-b-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv kmaq-ln-I-ca GP≥kn-Iƒ kmaq-ln-I-cWw \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xv? {Kq∏v {]h¿Ø\w (Hmtcm {Kq∏pw ]´n-I-s∏-SpØn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\m-h-iy-amb \n¿t±-i-߃ \¬IWw ]´n-I-bpsS amXr-I-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ kzbw Xøm-dm-°Ww. aqey\n¿Æb kqN-I-߃

Hmtcm {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚bpw HSp-hn¬ aqey \n¿Æbw \SØn Ip´n-Iƒ kzbw hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v hnt[-ba - m-°Ww XpS¿{]-h¿Ø\w

• kmaq-ln-I-cW \nb-{¥W GP≥kn-Iƒ GsX√mw Ah-bpsS hyXymkw Is≠Øn Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°¬ • aXw Hcp kmaq-ln-I-cW GP≥knbpw \nb-{¥W GP≥knbpw IqSn-bmWv? hy‡-am-°p-I.

bqWn‰v ˛13 samUyqƒ {][m\ Bi-bß - ƒ ˛ a\p-jy-h-Imiw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bpsS HuZm-cy-a√ Ah-Im-i-am-Wv. ˛ kaq-l-Øn¬ hnhn[ hn`m-K-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v \nc-h[n a\p-jym-h-Imi ewL-\-߃ \S-°p-∂p-≠v. ˛ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-Øn\v \nc-h[n \nb-a-߃ \ne-hn-ep≠v ˛ a\p-jy-h-Im-i-߃ kwc-£n-t°-≠Xv Fs‚ IqSn Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. ˛ a\p-jy-h-Im-ißfpw AXns‚ kwc£-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ bp. F≥ Nm¿´¿, a\p-jy-h-Imi {]Jym-]\w, a‰p A¥m-cmjv{S {ia-߃ ˛ a\p-jy-h-Imi kwc-£W \nb-aßfp-≠m-bn´pw a\p-jym-h-Imi ewL-\-ßfpw \S-°p-∂p.

15

Hcp°w 2010 {]h¿Ø\w ˛1

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw (h¿°v jo‰v)

_me\pw, KoXbpw Im¿jnI sXmgn-em-fn-If - mWv . Ch¿ tPmen Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xpw , Ah-km\n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw Htc ka-b-Øm-Wv. F∂m¬ _me\v 200 cq] Iqen e`n-®-t∏mƒ KoXbv°v 150 cq]bmWv In´n-b-Xv.

ChnsS KoXbv°v Iqen Ipd-bm≥ CS-bm-bXv F¥p sIm≠v F∂v At\z-jn-°p-∂p. ˛Ip-´n-Iƒ {]Xn-Ic - n-°p-∂p. F¶n¬ kv{XoI-tfm-Sp≈ hnth-N\ - a - mWv Imc-Ws - a-¶n¬ a‰v Fs¥√mw taJe-I-fn¬ kv{XoIƒ hnth-N-\-Øn\v Cc-bm-Ip-∂p-sh∂v At\z-jn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. N¿®m kqN-I-߃ Nm¿´n¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. ]oU-\-߃ kv{Xo[\w s]¨ {`qW-lXy apX-em-bh

Hc p ° 20 w 10

• • •

F¶n¬ CØcw hnth-N-\-߃ D≠m-hm-\p-≈ kml-Ncyw F¥m-bn-cn°pw? kqNI-߃

• • • • •

]pcp-j-ta-[m-hnXzw kaq-l-Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb at\m-`mhw hnI-k-\-Øn-ep≈ Akp-¥-enXm-hÿ \nb-a-ß-fpsS {]tbm-P\w e`n°mXncn°¬ t_m[-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ A`mhw

So®-tdmSv : ˛ Ip´n-Iƒ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ A\p-tbm-Py-amb Is≠-Ø-ep-I¬ ]cn-K-Wn®v \nK-a\w cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ {ian-t°-≠Xp≠v . {]h¿Ø\w ˛2 kv{Xo[\ \ntcm-[\ \nbaw , A«oe Nn{Xo-I-cW \ntcm-[\ \nb-aw, {`qW lXy \ntcm-[\ \nbaw , XpS-ßnb kv{Xo kwcw-£W \nb-a-߃ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn´pw kv{Xo hnth-N\w \S°p-∂Xv F¥psIm≠v ˛ ]cn-lmcw \n¿t±-in-°Ww. N¿® \nba Ah-t_m-[-an-√mbva kv{XoI-tfmSv kaq-l-Øns‚ s]mXp-hmb ImgvN-∏mSv kaqlw ]n¥p-S¿∂p hcp∂ Iogv hg-°-߃ ]cn-lmcw

: kv{Xo kwc-£W \nbaw Imcy-£-a-am-°p-I. h\nXm IΩo-j≥, tZiob a\pjym-h-Imi IΩo-j-\p-I-fpsS CS-s]-S¬, `cW IqS-ß-fp-sSbpw k∂≤ kwLS-\-I-fpsS \nXm¥ Pm{K-X˛ Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂ Imc-W-ßfpw ]cn-lmc am¿§-߃ Iq´n-t®¿Øv sa®-s∏-SpØn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww.

XpS¿{]-h¿Ø\w a‰v GsX√mw taJ-eI - f - n¬ C∂v a\p-jy-hI - mi ewL-\ß - ƒ \S-°p∂ kµ¿`-߃ Is≠Øn hni-I-e\w sNbvXv ]cn-lmc am¿§-߃ \n¿t±-in-°pI.

16

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

kqN-Iß - ƒ ˛ Ip´n-Iƒ ˛ Zfn-X¿ ˛ hnNm-cW XS-hp-Im¿ ˛ Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ {]h¿Ø\w : 3 a\p-jym-hI - mi kwc-£W - Ø - n-\mbp≈ A¥m-cmjv{S {ia-߃ Ime-KW - \ Nm¿´v ]mT-]pkvXI - Ø - ns‚ klm-bØ - m¬ Xøm-dm°n Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°¬ (hy-‡n-KX - a - mbn Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p) kqN-Iß - ƒ

Hc p ° 20 w 10

1215 ˛ am·-Im¿´ 1689 ˛ CwKvf-≠nse Ah-Imi DS-ºSn 1776 ˛ Ata-cn-°≥ kzmX{¥y kacw 1787 ˛ Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-L-S\ 1789 ˛ {^©v hnπhw 1948 ˛ bp. F≥. a\p-jym-h-Imi {]Jym]\w 1689 ˛ Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Imi Icm¿ 1993 ˛ a\p-jy-h-Imi kwc-£-W-\n-baw

samUyqƒ ˛ 5 B[p-\nI tIcfw

{][m\ Bi-bß - ƒ • sIm®n, Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ {_n´ojv ta¬t°mbva kzoI-cn-°p∂p • NqjWw hym]n-°p∂p • ]m›mXy hnZym-`y-k-Øns‚ hym]-\w, kmaq-ly-]p-tcm-KXn°v hgn-sbm-cp-°nb \nba \n¿ΩmWw • \thm-∞m\ \mb-I-∑m-cpsS CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ, tZiob {]ÿm-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ka-cß - ƒ {]h-¿-Ø\w ˛ 1 “{_n´o-jp-Im¿ A\p-h¿Øn® NqjW \b-amWv tIc-fØ - nse {_n´ojv hncp≤ ka-cß - fpsS ASn-ÿm\w” ˛ A\p A\p-hns‚ {]kvXm-h-\-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ \S∂ {_n´ojv hncp≤ ka-c-ßsf hne-bn-cp-ØpI. ae-_m¿ {_n´o-jp-Im-cpsS \nb-{¥-W-Øn-em-bXv GXv DS-ºSn {]Im-c-amWv? Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ ˛ sIm®n {_n´ojv ta¬t°mbva kzoI-cn-®-sX-t∏mƒ ? So®-tdmSv Bh-iy-amb CS-s]-Se - p-If - n-eqsS B[p-\oI tIc-fØ - n-te°v F∂ A≤ym-bØ - n¬ \n∂v {_n´ojv hncp≤ ka-c-ßsf enÃv sNøn-°-Ww. kqN\ :

]g»n Iem]w thep-Xºn Ipdn-Ny¿ elf ae-_m¿ elf

]men-bØ - ® - ≥ ae-bmfn satΩm-dn-b¬ Cugh satΩm-dn-b¬

17

Hcp°w 2010 s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw \n¿t±iw ˛ Ip´n-Iƒ enÃv sNbvX ka-c-ßsf ae-_m-dn¬, Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ F∂n-ßs\ Xcw Xncn-°W - w. • Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-sebpw, ae-_m-dn-sebpw kzmX{¥y ka-c-߃ XnI®pw hyXykvX-amb kml-N-cy-ß-fn-emWv hf¿∂p h∂-sX∂v \n߃ Icp-Xp-∂pt≠m? N¿® ˛ Ah-X-cWw

Hc p ° 20 w 10

Xncp-hnXmwIqdn¬ am¿Øm-fih - ¿Ω-bpsS `cW ]cn-jvIm-cØ - n¬ Im¿jnI taJ-eb - psS A`n-hr≤n-bp-≠m-bn, AXp-sIm≠v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ \S∂ ka-c-ß-fn-se√mw `cW {]mXn-\n-[y-Øn-\pth-≠n-bmWv kacw (sa-tΩm-dn-be - p-Iƒ) ae-_m-dn¬ \S∂ ka-cß - ƒ F√mw Im¿jnI {]iv\ß - tfmSv _‘-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. “Ncn-{X-Øn¬ hnP-bn® ka-c-ß-tf-°mƒ {]m[m\yw Nne-t∏mƒ ]cm-PnX ka-c߃°v D≠m--hm-dp-≠v.” ˛ tUm. sI. sI. F≥. Ipdp∏v. Cu {]kvXm-h-\-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]g»n ka-csØ hne-bn-cp-ØpI aqey-\n¿Æb kqNIw ˛ ka-c-Ønse kmaqly ˛ cmjv{Sob ]›m-Øew hy‡-am-°Ww ˛ ]n¬°me ka-c-ß-fn¬ ]g»n kacw sNep-Ønb kzm[o\w ]cn-tim-[n-°Ww, hne-bn-cp-ØWw {]h¿Ø\w ˛ 2 {_n´ojv `c-W-Im-eØv kmaq-ly-cw-KØv ]e \nb-a-\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw \S-∏m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Ah enÃv sNøn-°p∂p. ASn-aXzw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m-\p≈ \nbaw N∂m¿ kv{XoIƒ°v ta¬ hkv{Xw [cn-°m-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw {]mIrX in£m-co-Xn-Iƒ \n¿Ø-em-°n-bXv

CØcw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ tIc-f-Ønse kmaqly ]cn-jv°-cW {]ÿm-\-Øn\v hgnsbmcp-°n-b-Xmbn \n߃ Icp-Xp-∂pt≠m?

N¿® ˛ t{ImUo-I-cWw

kmaqly Ak-aXzw C√m-Xm-°p-∂X - n\pw kmaq-ly-\oXn s sIh-cn-°p-∂X - n\pw PmXn-hy-hÿ - b - ° v X - o-Xa - mbn hnZym`ym-khpw sXmgn¬ t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw CØcw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. CØcw hf-°q-dp≈ aÆn-emWv \thm∞m\ \mb-I-∑m-cp-sS Bi-b-߃ hf¿∂p h∂-Xv.

{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 3 {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hns\ krjvSn® kmaqly kml-Ncyw F¥m-bn-cp∂p? kmaqly BNm-c-ß-tfmSv At±-l-Øns‚ kao-]\w F¥v ? {io\m-cm-b-Ws‚ Bi-b-ß-tfmSv kaqlw {]Xn-I-cn-®Xv Fßs\ ? {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hns‚ ktµiw F¥v ? {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp-hns‚ kw`m-h-\-bmbn \n߃ IW-°m-°p-∂-sX¥v ? Kpcp-hns‚ Bi-b-߃°v ka-Im-eo\ tIc-f-Øn¬ {]m[m\yw Dt≠m ?

18

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

So®-tdmSv : ( CØcw tNmZy-߃°v DØcw Is≠-Øp-tºm-gmWv Kpcp-hns\ ]Tn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂-Xv. CØcw tNmZy-ßf - n-eq-sS-bmWv tIc-fØ - nse ]ptcm-Ka - \ kaqlw krjvSn-°p-∂X - n¬ \thm∞m\ \mb-I≥ hln® ]¶v Xncn-®-dn-bp-I)

XpS¿ {]h¿Ø\w tIc-f-Øn¬ Hcp ]ptcm-K-a\ kaqlw krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn¬ kmaqly ]cn-jv°¿Øm-°-fpsS ]¶v ]cn-tim-[n-°pI

Hc p ° 20 w 10

kqN\ ‰n. _n \nco-£n®v \thm-∞m\ \mb-I∑ - m-cpsS enÃv Xøm-dm°n Ah¿ apt∂m´p h® Bib-߃ Ipdn-°pI sshIp-WvUkzman N´ºn kzman-Iƒ Aø-¶mfn ktlm-Zc - \ - ø - ∏ - ≥ ssh°w auehn _n. Sn `´-Xn-cn-∏mSv XpS¿{]h¿Ø\w tIcfw P∑w \¬Inb `mc-XØ - ns‚ {]Im-ia - mWv Kpcp. ae-bm-fn-If - psS kmaqly Pohn-ØXn¬ Kpcp-thmfw kzm[o\w sNep-Ønb as‰m-cm-fn-√. {]Xn-I-c-W-°p-dn-∏v Xøm-dm-°pI

tIcfw ˛ C∂v

Bi-bß - ƒ ˛ `q]-cn-jv°-c-Ww, hnZym-`ymk ]cn-jv°-cWw tIc-f-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v ASn-Ød krjvSn®p ˛ km£-c-X, kv{Xo hnZym-`ym-kw, Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bpsS hf¿®, tIcf hnI-k-\-Øn\v thKX Iq´n ˛ tIcf hnI-k\ amXrI a‰p kwÿm-\-߃°v amXr-I-bm-sW-¶nepw hymh-km-bnI taJ-e-bnse ]nt∂m-°m-hÿ , BtcmKy taJ-e-bnse {]Xn-k‘n apX-em-bh D¬IWvT DW¿Øp-∂hbm-Wv. {]h¿Ø\w ˛ 1 sFIytIcf cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\v th≠n hmZn-®-h-cpsS hmZ-ap-J-ß-fmWv Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂Xv: `qan imkv{X-]-c-amb GIo-I-cWw `cW ]c-amb GIo-I-cWw {]mtZ-inI hnI-k\w `mj, kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ hf¿® kmº-ØnI ]ptcm-KXn `c-W-Øns‚ KpW-^ew e`n-°m≥ Cu am\-Z-WvU-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ ka-Im-eo\ C¥y-bn¬ ]pXnb kwÿm-\-߃°p-th≠n \S-Øp∂ ]cn-{i-awßsf hne-bn-cp-ØpI. kqN\ ˛ sXep-¶m\ kacw (k-a-Im-eo\ ]{X-߃ \nco-£n®v kwÿm-\-߃°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]cn-{i-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®v A`n-{]mbw cq]o-I-cn®v \¬I-Ww)

tIcfw Btcm-Ky-ta-Je amXr-Im-]c - a - mb \ne-hm-cØ - n-te°v Db-cm≥ Fs¥√mw LS-Iß - ƒ klmbn-®n-´p-≠v?

19

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

kqN\: {]Xntcm[ NnIn’ e`yX km£-cX BtcmKy NnIn’m k{º-Zm-b-ß-fpsS e`yX F∂ coXn-bn-te°v N¿® \bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 2 \ v n¿Ωm¿ ÷nX t cmKß - ƒX ncn®p hc p∂p

hn√≥ tdmfn¬ Nn°≥ Kp\n-bmbpw ]∂n-∏-\nbpwv

Hc p ° 20 w 10

p∂p ° n h¿≤

-߃ K m c nt ie s s n-X Poh

NnIn’m Nne-hn¬ KWyamb h¿≤-\hv

apI-fn¬ sIm SpØn-cn-°p-∂Xv tIc-f-Ønse Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-sb-°p-dn®v D¬IWvTs∏Sp-Øp∂ hm¿Ø-If - psS sImfm-jm-Wv. a‰v Fs¥√mw {]iv\ß - f - mWv Btcm-Ky-ta-Je A`n-ap-Jo-Ic - n-°p-∂Xv. ]cn-lmcw \n¿t±-in-°p-I.

20

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

hnhn[ A[ymbßfnse {][m\ Bib߃

A[ymbw ˛ H∂v km{am-Py-Xzhpw H∂mw temI alm-bp-≤hpw {][m\ Bi-b-߃

Hc p ° 20 w 10

1. hymh-km-bnI hnπ-h-Øn¬ \n∂v apX-em-fnØ hyh-ÿ-bpsS DZbw 2. Gjy, B{^n-° F∂o h≥I-c-I-fnse cmPy-߃ apX-em-fnØ cmPy-ß-fpsS tImf-\nI-fm-bp≈ am‰w . 3. hymh-km-bnI IpØ-I-I-fn¬ \n∂v IpØI apXemfn-Xz-Øns‚ cq]o-I-c-Whpw km{amPy-Xzhpw 4. km{am-Py-Øz-Øn-s\-Xnsc bqtdm-∏n¬ cq]-s∏´ k¿∆ tZiob sXmgn-emfn sFIyw 5. apX-em-fnØ cmPy-߃ XΩnepw tImf-\n-Ifpw apX-em-fnØ cmPy-߃ XΩnepw D≠mb kwL¿j-ß-fpsS ^e-ambn D≠mb bp≤-ßfpw 6. bp≤w a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS ta¬ G¬∏n® \mi-\-jvS-Mvl-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ t_m[-Øn¬ \n∂v Db¿∂p h∂ kam-[m-\-{i-a-ßfpw k¿∆ cmjv{S kJyhpw

A[ymbw ˛ c≠v

B[p-\oI hnπ-h-߃

{][m\ Bi-b-߃

1. Gjy, B{^n° F∂o h≥I-c-I-fn¬ tZiob hntam-N\ {]ÿm-\-߃ (kzm-X-{¥yk-a-c-߃) H∂mw temI alm-bp-≤-Øn-\p-tijw hf¿∂p h∂p. 2. djy-bn¬ cmP-`-cWw Ah-km-\n-∏n®p-sIm≠v tkmjy-enÃv `c-W-IqSw ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p. 3. tkmjy-enÃv `c-W-coXn \S-∏m-°m-\m-h-iy-amb kmº-ØnI \b-߃ djy-bn¬ cq]s∏-´p. 4. C‰-en, P¿Ω\n F∂o cmPy-ß-fn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ B{IaW]-c-amb tZio-bX IcpØm¿÷n®v `cW coXn-bmbv amdn. 5. a‰v cmPy-߃°v tkmjy-enÃv Bi-b-ß-tfm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏v ^mknÃv Bi-b-߃ bqtdm-∏n¬ ta[m-hnXzw t\Sm-\n-S-bm-bn.

A[ymbw ˛ aq∂v

c≠mw temI alm-bp≤w {][m\ Bi-b-߃ 1. H∂mw temI alm-bp-≤Ø - n-\p-tijw bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-ßf - n-ep-≠mb kmº-ØnI Aka-Xzhpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-ff ka-c-ßfpw apX-se-SpØv Xo{h-tZ-io-b-X-bpsSbpw B{I-tam-’p-I tZio-b-X-bp-sSbpw Xncn®p hchv 2. C‰-en, P¿Ω\n F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ ^mknkw F∂ `cW hyh-ÿ-bpsS hnImkw 3. cmPy-߃ Bbp-[-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw kJy-߃ cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXtXmsS bqtdm-∏n-ep-≠mb bp≤-`o-jWn 4. aqe-[-\hpw ]S-t°m-∏p-Ifpw ]pXnb kmt¶-XnI hnZy-Ifpw temIsØ apgp-h≥ bp≤°-f-am°n am‰n. 5. temI-k-am-[m\w Dd∏p hcp-Øm≥ kl-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw Iq´m-bva-bp-sSbpw ]mX-bmWv th≠-sX∂ Xncn-®-dnhv A¥m-cmjv{S kwL-S-\-bmb bp. F≥. Hhns‚ cq]o-I-c-Whpw CS-s]-Se - p-Ifpw

21

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

A[ymbw ˛ A©v \h-temIw {][m\ Bi-b-߃

]Zm-hen

Hc p ° 20 w 10

1. tkmhn-b‰v bqWn-bs‚ kº-ZvL-S-\-bpsS XI¿®. B cmPysØ inYn-e-am-°p-∂-Xnte°pw km{am-Py-Xz-cm-Py-ß-fpsS im‡o-I-c-W-Øn-te-°pw \bn-®p. 2. tImf\n cmPy-߃ kzX-{¥-am-b-tXmsS km{am-Py-Xz-߃ t\cn´ {]Xn-k‘n adn-I-S°m≥ ]pXnb Nqj-W X{¥-ßfpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw Bhn-jv°-cn-®p. 3. hntZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\-tØ-°mƒ hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fpsS kzX{¥ hym]mc \bw \nb-a-am-°m-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\-ambn W.T.O amdn. CXv hnI-kzc cmPy-ßsf s#m kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-em-gvØn. 4. BtKmf h¬°-cWw AXns‚ X{¥-ß-fmb DZm-c-h¬°-c-Ww, kzIm-cy-h¬°-c-Ww, hmWn-Py-h¬°-c-Ww, kzX{¥ Itºmf hyhÿ F∂n-h-bpsS klm-b-tØmsS temIhn-]Wn Iog-S-°n.

hyh-kmb hn]vfhw apX-em-fnØw km{am-PyXzw ^mknkw \mknkw aqe-[\w

BtKmf h¬°-cWw DZmc h¬°-cWw kzImcy h¬°-cWw Itºmf h¬°-cWw IpØI apX-em-fnØw CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ kmt¶-XnI ]Z-ß-fmWv Ncn{X]T-\-Øn\v Ip´n-Iƒ°v XS-k-kvambn \n¬°p-∂Xv . CØcw ]Z-߃ efnX h¬°-cn® Ip´n-I-fn-se-Øn-°m≥ {ian-°p-at√m?

22

Hcp°w 2010

Hc p ° 20 w 10

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

kmaqlyimkv{Xw II

23

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

{]h¿Ø\w : 1 Dt±-iy-߃ : * `qan-im-kv{X-Ønse \qX-\-k-t¶-X-ß-fmb D]-{K-l-hn-Zq-c-kw-th-Z\w, `qhnh-c-hy-hÿ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®p [mcW cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\v. * Ccp-ºp-cp°v hyhkm-b-ß-fpsS ÿm\-\n¿W-b-L-S-I-ß-sf-°p-dn®v [mcW cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\v. * Ccp-ºp-cp°v hyh-km-b-ß-fpsS ÿm\-\n¿W-b-Øn¬ `q{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS ]¶v a\-kn-em-°p-∂-Xn-\v. * Ccp-ºp-cp°v hyh-km-b-hpam-bn-_-‘-s∏´ Akw-kvIrX hkvXp°fpsS hnX-W-sØ-°p-dn®v [mcW cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\v. * Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ C¥y-bpsS cq]-tc-J-bn¬ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ tijnt\-Sp-∂-Xn-\v.

Hc p ° 20 w 10

IpSn-sh≈ hyh-kmb bqWn‰v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v A\ptbm-Py-amb ÿew Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn D]-{K-l-hn-Zq-c-kw-th-Z-\-Øns‚ km[yX {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn

Ccp-ºp-cp°p hyh-km-b-ime ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v A\n-tbm-Py-amb ÿew Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\v `qhn-h-c-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS km[yX {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn.

apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-´p≈ c≠v {]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw Ip´n-I-fpsS ap∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v˛ ? c≠v hyh-km-bß - f - p-sSbpw ÿm\-\n¿Æ-bØ - n-\mbn c≠v hyXykvX kt¶-Xß - f - mWv {]tbmP-\s - ∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v. F¥p-sIm≠v? Htc kt¶Xw c≠n\pw {]tbm-P\ - s - ∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-ambn-cp-∂nt√? Ip´n-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ {]mY-anI \nK-a-\-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah-kcw \evI-Ww. IpSpX¬ hy‡X Ip´n-Iƒ°v e`n-°p-∂X - n-\mbn Xsg \¬In-bn-´p≈ tNmZy-߃ {]tbm-P\ - s - ∏-Sp-Ømhp-∂X - m-Wv. * IpSn-sh≈ hyh-kmb bqWn-‰n\v Bh-iy-amb Akw-kvIr-X- hkvXp F¥v? * `qK¿`-P-e-D-dh Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\v D]-{K-l-hn-Zq-c-kw-th-Z-\-am-tWm, `qhn-h-c-hy-h-ÿbmtWm G‰hpw A`n-Imayw? * D]-{K-l-Øn¬ LSn-∏n-®n-´p≈ GXp D]-I-c-W-amWv Pe-e-`yX Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ klmbn-°p-∂Xv? * sk≥k-dp-Iƒ Pe-e-`y-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-߃ Fß-s\-bmWv a\-kn-em-°p-∂Xv? (N¿®-bn-eqsS sshZyp-X-Im-¥nI hnIn-c-Ww, kvs]Iv{Sƒ knt·-®¿ F∂n ]Z-߃ Ip´n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°-Ww. Cu ]Z-߃ t_m¿Un¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. XpS¿∂v Xmsg \¬In-bn-´p≈ c≠v {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ Ip´n-I-fpsS ap∂n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww) @ kqcy-\n¬ \n∂pw hcp∂ Nne Inc-W-߃ hnZq-c-kw-th-Z-\sØ klm-bn-°p-∂p. @ `qan-bnse Hmtcm hkvXphpw kqcy-In-c-W-ßsf \n›n-X-b-f-hn¬ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p. CXns\ sk≥k-dp-Iƒ ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-∂p. ? t_m¿Un¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ c≠p ]Z-߃ apI-fn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p≈ GtXXp {]kvXm-h\-tbmSp tbmPn-°p-∂X - m-Wv.

24

Hcp°w 2010

Hc p ° 20 w 10

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw ? Ccp-ºp-cp°v hyh-km-b-߃°m-h-iy-amb Akw-kvIr-X-h-kvXp-°ƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv ? ? Ah Hmtcm∂pw hnX-cWw sNbvXn-´p≈ {]tZ-i-߃/ ÿe-߃ GsXms°? ]´nI Xøm-dm-°p-I. ? ]´n-Ib - n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ ÿe-ßsf C¥y-bpsS cq]-tc-Jb - n¬ AS-bm-fs - ∏-Sp-Øp-I. ? Akw-kvIr-X-h-kvXp-°ƒ Hmtcm∂pw Hmtcm `q]-S-ß-fmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®p- I-gn-™m¬ Ah- Hm-tcm∂pw `qhn-h-c-hy-h-ÿ {]Imcw F¥p-t]-cn-emWv hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ? Ccp-ºp-cp°v hyh-km-b-Øns‚ ÿm\-\n¿W-b-Øn¬ GsXms° LS-I-ß-fmWv ]cnK-Wn°-s∏-tS-≠X - v.(N¿®-bn-eqsS Akw-kvIr-Xh - k - vXp-°sf IqSmsX KXm-KX - w, \Zn, Xpd-ap-Jw..... F∂n-h-IqSn Ip´n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw DØ-c-ambn e`n-°-Ww.) ? apI-fn¬ ]d-™n-´p≈ Hmtcm LS-I-ßfpw `qS-Øn¬ {]tXyIw Nn{Xo-I-cn-®m¬ Ahsb ]mfn-Iƒ F∂m-Wt√m ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu ]mfn-Isf D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn `qhn-h-chy-h-ÿbpsS GXp hni-Ie - \ - k - m-[yX {]tbm-P\ - s - ∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ hyh-km-bØ - n\v A\ptbm-Py-amb ÿm\w Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. (Hmtcm ]mfn-Ifpw H∂n-\p-ap-I-fn¬ H∂mbn ASp-°n-sh®v G√m LS-I-ßfpw HØp-h-cp∂ ÿe-ßsf hyh-kmbw ÿm]n-°p-∂X - n-\mbn sXc-s™-Sp-°m-hp-∂X - m-Wv.˛ Hmh¿te hni-Ie-\w-˛) ? C¥y-bnse GXp `q{]-IrXn hn`m-K-Øn-emWv Ccp-ºp-cp°v hyh-km-b-im-e-Iƒ A[n-Ihpw tI{µo-Ic - n-®n-´p-≈X - v. ( `q{]-IrXn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ `q]-Sw, Ccp-ºp-cp-°p-im-e-Iƒ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ `q]Sw F∂nh hni-I-e\w sNbvXp \nK-a\w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww) ? {][m\ Ccp-ºp-cp°v hyh-km-b-ßsf Dƒs∏-SpØn ]´nI hnI-kn-∏n-°mtam? hyh-km-bi - m-eI - f - psS t]cp-Iƒ `nembn

ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ kwÿm\w OØn-kvKVv

ÿm\w kwÿm-\-Øns‚ a[y`m-KØv

? ]´n-Ibnse hnh-c-ßsf C¥y-bpsS cq]-tc-J-bn¬ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°mtam? ( ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb cq]-tcJ ]c-kv]c hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-eqsS sX‰v Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-∂p. sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm\p≈ [mcW cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p.) ? Hmtcm Ccp-ºp-cp-°p-im-e-tbm-S-SpØv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Xpd-ap-J-߃ GsXms°? \Zn-Iƒ GsXms°? (`q]-S-߃ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXp \nK-a-\-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øs´ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ ]´n-I-fnepw C¥ybpsS cq]-tc-J-bnepw Ah-Xn-cn-∏n-°-s´) BsI kabw : 2 aWn-°q¿ {]h¿Ø-\߃ ]q¿W-am-°n-°-gn-™m¬ NphsS \¬In-bn-´p≈ check list Nm¿´n¬ FgpXn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw AXn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.)

25

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

check list cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ Bibw/ t\tS≠ tijn

Ign™p

* F¥mWv D]-{Kl hnZq-c-kw-th-Z\w * D]-{Kl hnZq-c-kw-th-Z-\-Øns‚ hnhn[ {]{Inb-Iƒ * D]-{Kl hnZq-c-kw-th-Z\w GsXms° taJ-e-I-fn¬ ^e-{]Zw

Hc p ° 20 w 10

* `qhn-h-c-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ Hmh¿te hni-I-e\w Fßs\? F¥n\v? * Ccp-º-bn-cv, amwK-\o-kv, I¬°cn F∂nh bpsS hnX-cWw GsX√mw kwÿ-\-ß-fn¬ * hyh-km-b-ß-fpsS ÿm\ \n¿W-b-L-SI ߃

* C¥y-bnse {][m\ Ccp-ºp-cp°v hyh-kmb ߃ GsX√mw ? Ah GsXms° kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬? * D]-Zzo-]nb ]oT-`q-an-bn-eqsS Ing-t°m´v Hgp-Ip∂ \Zn-Iƒ, Ah-bpsS InS∏v * C¥y-bnse Xpd-ap-J-߃, Ah-bpsS ÿm\w.

* [mXp-A-[n-jvTnX hyh-km-b-ß-fpsS ÿm\ \n¿W-b-Øn¬ `q{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS ]¶v Xncn-®-dn-™p. * C¥y-bpsS cq]-tc-J-bn¬ Xmsg kqNn∏n ®n´p-≈h Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw Ccp-º-bn-cns‚ hnX-cWw amwK-\o-kns‚ hnX-cWw {][m\ Ccp-ºp-cp-°p-im-e-Iƒ Xpd-ap-J-߃ \Zn-Iƒ

26

Ign-™n√

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

sN°v enÃv ]q¿Ø-bm°n Ign-™m¬ Bi-b-cq-]o-I-cWw F{X-tØmfw \S∂p F∂-dn-bp-∂-Xn\mbn Nne tNmZy-߃ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. 1. D]-{K-l-hn-Zq-c-kw-th-Z\Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp∂ GsX¶nepw \mev taJ-e-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-I. kvtIm¿ 4 2. Im¿jn-I-ta-J-e-bn¬ Hmh¿te hni-I-e\ km[yX {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ignbptam? Hcp DZm-l-c-W-k-lnXw hni-X-am-°pI kvtIm¿ 4 3. F√m hkvXp-°-fp-tSbpw kvs]Iv{Sƒ knt·-®¿ Hcp-t]m-se-b-√. F¥p-sIm≠v ? kvtIm¿ 2

Hc p ° 20 w 10

4. C¥y-bnse F√m {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw Ccp-ºp-cp°p hyh-km-b-߃ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. F¥p-sIm≠v ? kvtIm¿ 3 5. C¥y-bnse Nne `qhnh-c-ßsf kw_-‘n-°p∂ kqN-\-I-fmWv Xmsg X∂n-´p-≈-Xv. GsXm-s°-bmWv Ah? C¥y-bpsS cq]-tc-J-bn¬ Ah Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-I. * C¥y-bpsS G‰hpw sXt° A‰Øv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Xpd-apJw * D]-Zzo-]nb C¥y-bn¬ G‰hpw hS-°p-`m-K-Øp-IqSn Ing-t°m-s´m-gp-Ip∂ \Zn * Hdo-k-bnse s]mXp-ta-Je Ccp-ºp-cp-°p-ime

kvtIm¿ 3

6. Ccp-ºp-cp°v hyh-km-b-Øns‚ Akw-kvIr-X-h-kvXp-°sf teml-[m-Xp-°ƒ, Ateml [mXp-°ƒ F∂n-ßs\ Xcw-Xn-cn-s®-gp-Xp-I.

apgp-h≥ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°pw IqSn-bp≈ BsI kabw 3 aWn-°q¿.

27

kvtIm¿ 2

Hcp°w 2010 {]h¿Ø\w: 2

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw bqWn‰v : h≥I-c-I-fp-sSbpw kap-{Z-ß-fp-sSbpw cq]o-I-cWw

Dt±y-iy-߃ :n h≥I-c-hn-ÿm-]\ kn≤m-¥w, ^e-I-hn-h¿Ø-\nI kn≤m¥w F∂n-hbpsS ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ßsf Ipdn®v [mcW cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. ]T-\{- ]iv\w: h≥I-ch - n-ÿm-]\ kn-≤m-¥sØ km[q-Ic - n-°p-hm≥ B¬{^Uv shs·¿ apt∂m´p-sh® XXz-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv Xmsg \¬In-bn-´p-≈Xv . B{^n-°-bpsS A‰-em‚nIv XocsØ hnS-hn¬ sXt° Ata-cn-°-bpsS A‰em≥dnIv Xocw tN¿∂n-cn-°pw. ^e-I-hn-h¿Ø-\nI kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-X-XzsØ B[m-c-am°n ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Cu {]kvXm-h\ F{X-tØmfw bp‡n-k-l-amWv ? F¥p-sIm≠v ?

Hc p ° 20 w 10

{]iv\ ]cn-l-c-W-Øn-\mbn Xmsg ]d-bp∂ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ ¢mkn¬ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. • h≥I-c-hn-ÿm-]\ kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\XXzw Fs¥∂v N¿®-sN-øp-∂p. • Cu XXz-{]-Imcw h≥I-c-I-fpsS AXncpIƒ GsX∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. • ^e-I-ß-fpsS AXn-cp-Iƒ ]mT-`m-KsØ `q]-S-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. • F¥p-sIm≠v ^e-Im-Xn-cp-Iƒ IS-en-te°v hym]n-®p-In-S-°p-∂p.? N¿® sNøp-∂p. (h≥I-c-Ø´pw IS¬Ø-dbpw tN¿∂-XmWv ^eIw F∂ hkvXp-X-bn-te°v Ip´n-Iƒ FØn-t®-cW - w) • ^e-I-hn-h¿Ø-\nI kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ XXzw Fs¥∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. • Cu kn≤m-¥-{]-Imcw th·dpsS Bibw bp‡n-]-c-a-√m-sb∂ \nK-a-\-Øn¬ FØ-Ww. t{ImUo-Ic - Ww h≥I-c-hn-ÿm-]-\-kn-≤m¥ {]Imcw knb¬ kna-bpsS apI-fn¬ sX∂n \oßp-∂p. Cu kn≤m-¥-a-\p-k-cn®v h≥I-c-bpsS AXncv IS¬Ø-d-bv°p-apºv Ah-km-\n-°p∂p. ^e-I-hn-h¿Ø-\nI kn≤m-¥-{]-Imcw entØm-kv^n-b¿ AkvX-t\m-kv^n-b-dn\p apI-fn¬ sX∂n \oßp-∂p. Cu kn≤m-¥-a-\p-k-cn®v ^e-Im-Xn-cp-Iƒ IS¬Ø-d-hsc \ofp-∂p. X∑qew sh·¿ apt∂m´p sh® Bibw hkvXp-Xm-]-c-a-√.

{]h¿Ø\w :3

bqWn‰v : a\p-jycpw temIhpw

Dt±iy߃ : temI-Ønse hnhn[ a\p-jy-h¿K-ßf - psS imco-cnI khn-ti-jX - I - sf°pdn®v [mc-W- cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v

• Nn{XØn¬ ImWp∂ hy‡n GXp- a-\p-jy-h¿K-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂p?

28

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

tNmZy-tØmSv Ip´n-Iƒ hy‡n-KX - a - mbn {]Xn-Ic - n-°s - ´. IrXy-ambn a\p-jy-h¿Kw GsX∂v ]d-bphm≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ign-bmØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Xmsg \¬In-bn-´p≈ tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. • Hcp \n›nX a\p-jy-h¿K-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Cu hy‡n-bn¬ ImWm-ØXv F¥p-sIm≠mhmw? N¿®-bn-eqsS h¿K-iq≤n \jvS-s∏´ Hcp a\p-jys‚ Nn{X-amWv CsX∂ \nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øp-∂p. • h¿K-ip-≤n-\-jvS-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bmb kml-Ncyw F¥m-bn-cn°mw? N¿®-bn-eqsS IqSn-tb‰w F∂ Bi-b-Øn-te°v Ip´n-Iƒ FØn-t®-cp-∂p. • GXp-Xcw IpSn-tb-‰-amWv ChnsS \S-∂n-´p-≠m-hpI ? • Fs¥√mw IpSn-tb‰ LS-I-ß-fmhmw CXn\v Imc-W-am-bn-´p≠mhpI.

Hc p ° 20 w 10

IpSn-tb-‰-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip∂ LS-I-߃ Hmtcm-∂mbn Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-b-s´. {]k-‡-am-bh t_m¿Un¬ Ipdn-°-Ww. ChnsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb IpSn-tb-‰-L-S-I-߃ GXp-X-c-Øn-ep-≈-XmWv? \n¿_-‘n-Xw, BI¿jIw. IpSn-tb‰ LS-I-ßsf Xcw-Xn-cn-s®-gp-Xm-\p≈ Ah-kcw Ip´n-Iƒ°v \¬I-Ww. A¥m-cmjv{S IpSn-tb-‰-߃ IqSn-h-cp∂ kl-N-cy-Øn¬ temI-hy-]-I-ambn h¿K-ip≤n \jvS-s∏´ a\p-jy-h¿K-߃ h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-∂p.

Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ So®¿°v NphsS sImSp-Øn-´p≈ {]Imcw Hcp tNmZyw Ip´n-I-tfmSv tNmZn-°mhp-∂X - m-Wv. • kmaq-ly-imkv{X hnZym¿∞n F∂ -\n-e-bn¬ Cu Ah-ÿsb \n߃ Fß-s\-bmWv ImWp-∂Xv? KpW-I-c-tam, tZmj-I-ctam ? N¿®-bvs°m-Sp-hn¬ a\p-jysc PmXn-bp-tStbm h¿K-Øn-t‚tbm h¿W-Øn-t‚tbm t]cn¬ th¿Xn°-s∏-SmsX F√m-hcpw ka-∑m-cm-bp≈ Hcp kml-N-cy-am-Wv D≠m-th-≠-sX-∂-hn[w t{ImUo-I-cn°-s∏-SW - w. Check list cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ Bibw/ t\tS≠ tijn Adnbmw Adn-bn√ • a\p-jy-h¿K-߃ aq∂p hn[w D≠v ˛ \ot{Km-bnUv ˛ tIm°-tkm-bnUv ˛ awt•m-bnUv * Hmtcm a\p-jy-h¿K-Øn-s‚bpw imco-cnI khn-tijXIƒ Xncn-®-dn™v a\-kn-em-°n-bn-´p≠v * hnh-n[-Xcw IpSn-tb-‰-߃ GsXm-s°-sb∂v Xncn-®-dn-™n-´p-≠v. * IpSn-tb-‰-߃°p Imc-W-am-Ip∂ LS-I-߃ GsXm-s°-sb∂v Xncn-®-dn-™n-´p≠v * IpSn-tb-‰-ßsf BI¿j-Iw, \n¿_-‘nXw F∂n-ßs\ Xcw-Xn-cn-°mw. * IpSn-tb-‰-ß-fpsS A\-¥n-c-^-e-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv h¿K-ip≤n \jvS-s∏´ a\p-jy-h¿K-߃

29

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

{]h¿Ø\w : 4 bqWn‰v : C¥y (aq∂v bqWn-‰p-Iƒ) ]T-\-{]iv\w : D]-Zzo-]nb ]pT-`qan [Xp-°-fpsS Ie-h-d-bm-W-t√m. D]-Zzo-]nb ]oT-`q-an-bpsS hS°p-˛] - S- n-™m-d≥ kwÿm-\ß - f - n¬ Ccp-ºp-cp°p hyh-km-bß - ƒ C√mØ kwÿm-\ß - ƒ GsX√m-amWv? Ip´n-Iƒ Dulw Fgp-Xp-∂p. `q]-Sh - p-ambn HØp-t\m-°p-∂p. kwÿm-\ß - ƒ enÃp sNbvXp AhX-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. NphsS \¬In-bn-´p≈ tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn®v IqSp-X¬ Bi-b-[-c-W-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

Hc p ° 20 w 10

* [mXp-°-fpsS Ie-h-d-bmb D]-Zzo-]nb ]oT-`q-an-bnse Cu kwÿm-\-ß-fnepw Ccp-ºp-cp°p-hy-h-km-b-߃ D≠m-th-≠-Xt√ ?

* D]-Zzo-]nb ]oT-`q-an-bn¬ ImWp∂ {][m-\-a-Æn\w GXmWv? * D]-Zzo-]nb ]oT`q-an-bn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn ImtW≠ aÆn\w GXm-hWw ? ( `q]-S-߃ HØp-t\m-°p-∂p. N¿®-bn-eqsS sNΩÆv F∂ DØ-c-Øn-se-Øp-∂p.) * D]-Zzo-]nb ]oT-`q-an-bn¬ Idp-Ø-aÆv D≠m-b-sX-ß-s\-bmhmw ? (N¿®-bs v °m-Sp-hn¬˛ emhm-{]-hm-lØ - n-eqsS D≠m-bX - mWv U°m¨ {Sm∏vta-Je - . Ahn-SsØ emhmin-es - ]m-Sn-™p-≠m-bX - mWv Idp-Øa - Æ - v.) * GXp-Xcw aÆn-emWv Ccp-º-bncv ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ?

* C\n-]d - b - mtam F¥p-sIm-≠mWv D]-Zzo-]nb ]oT-`q-an-bpsS hS°p˛]-Sn-™m-d≥ kwÿm\-ß-fn¬ Ccp-º-bncv ImW-s∏-Sm-ØXv ? (D]-Zzo-]nb ]oT-`q-an-bpsS hS°p˛]-Sn-™mdp `mK-ß-fn¬ Ccp-º-bncv Ds≠-¶nepw Idp-ØaÆv sIm≠v aqS-s∏-´X - n-\m¬ Imcy-am-bh - n[w Ccp-ºb - ncv NqjWw sNø-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√.) * DØc alm-k-a-X-e-Øn¬ F√m-bn-SØpw Htc-bn\w aÆmtWm ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ? (aÆns‚ hnX-cWw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ `q]-Sw, `q{]-IrXn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ `q]Sw F∂nh HØpt\m°n DØcw Is≠-Øp-∂p. ˛ F°¬ aÆv, acp-`q-an-bnse aÆv) * DØ-c-a-lm-k-a-Xew Fß-s\-bmWv cq]w sIm≠n-´p-≈-Xv. (N¿®-bn-eqsS lnam-e-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw D¬`-hn-°p∂ \Zn-Iƒ \S-Ønb A]cZ\ \nt£-]W am¿K-ßf - n-eq-sS) * ]ns∂ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv Hcp {]tXyI `mKsØ aÆns\ acp-`q-an-bnse aÆv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv ?

t{ImUo-Ic - Ww F°¬a-Ænse Cu¿∏w \jvS-s∏-´-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Ahsb Cu t]cn¬ hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Cu aÆv F°¬a-Æm-Wv.

30

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

{]h¿Ø\w : 5 bqWn‰v : C¥y˛ hn`-h-߃

Dt±-iy-߃: * Im¿jn-I-hn-f-Isf Jmcn-^v, dm_n F∂n-ßs\ th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v * Im¿jn-I-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Imem-h-ÿ-bpsS ]¶v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v

]T-\-{]iv\w :

C¥y-bn¬ tKmXºv Irjn-sN-øp∂ F√m-bn-Sß - f - nepw s\¬Ir-jn s - N-øp∂p. F∂m¬ s\¬Irjn sNøp∂ F√m-bn-S-ß-fnepw tKmXºv Irjn-sN-øp-∂n-√.

Hc p ° 20 w 10

Cu sshhn-[y-Øn\p ]n∂nse `qan-imkv{X hkvXp-X-Iƒ F¥mWv ?

Xmsg \¬In-bn-´p≈ tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn®pw \n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw DØ-cØn-se-Øm≥ Ip´n-Isf klm-bn-°W - w. * Im¿jn-I-hn-f-Iƒ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ `q]-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂v tKmXºv , s\√v F∂nh Irjn-sNøp∂ kwÿm-\-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. * s\√v, tKmXºv F∂nh GXp-Xcw Im¿jn-I-hn-f-I-fmWv ?

* Jmcn-^v, dm_n hnf-I-fpsS hnf-hn-d-°p- Imew hnf-sh-Sp-∏p-Imew F∂nh Xmc-Xayw sNøp∂p. * c≠p hnf-Iƒ°pw th≠p∂ s]mXp-hmb LS-I-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. * dm_n hnfbv°v (tKmX-ºv) am{X-ambn th≠n-hc - p∂ {]tXyI LSIw (Ipd™ Dujvamhv) Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. * F¥p-sIm-≠mWv ag Bh-iy-Øn-\p≈ AYhm Pe-tk-N\ - a - p≈ sXt° C¥y≥ kwÿm\-ß-fn¬ ssiXy-Im-eØv tKmXºv Irjn°v A\n-tbm-Py-am-hmsX t]mIp-∂Xv? (N¿®-bn-eqsS DjvW-ta-J-em-Im-em-h-ÿ, kap-{Z-km-an]yw F∂o Imem-h-ÿm-L-S-I-߃ A\ntbmPya√m F∂ hkvXp-X-bn¬ FØWw ) * DØ-tc-¥y-bn¬ tKmX-ºp-Ir-jn°v A\p-Iq-e-amb kml-N-cy-߃ hnk-I-e\w sNøp-∂p. ssiXy-Imew Xo{h-Xt- b-dn-bXv ]›na Akz-ÿX ag-Ip-d™ ÿe-ß-fn¬ Pe-tk-N\ kuI-cy-߃ ( hnhn[ \Zo-X-S-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p≈ ]´nI ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p) F°¬aÆv

31

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

Sample questions 1. Jmcn-^v, dm_n hnf-Iƒ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXp Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xp-I. (kvtIm¿ ˛3) 2. C¥y-bn¬ F√m-Im-eØpw tKmXºv Irjn-sN-øp-∂n-√. F¥p-sIm≠v ? (kvtIm¿˛3) 3. hnf-bn-d-°v, hnf-sh-Sp∏v F∂o Ime-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ C¥y-bnse Im¿jn-Ihnf-Isf hni-I-e\w sNbvXp Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xp-I. ( kvtIm¿ ˛4) 4. s\√v, tKmXºv F∂o hnf-I-fpsS hf¿®bv°v Bh-iy-amb `qan-imkv{X LS-I-߃ Fs¥-√m-amWv? (kvtIm¿ ˛4)

cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ Bibw/ t\tS≠ tijn

D≠v

C√

Hc p ° 20 w 10

• s\√v, tKmXºv F∂nh Irjn-sN-øp∂ kwÿm-\߃ Xncn-®-dn-™n-´p-≠v. • Jmcn-^v, dm_n F∂n-h-bpsS hyXymkw Xncn-®-dn™n-´p≠v

• tKmXºv, s\√v F∂n-h-bpsS hf¿®-bv°m-h-iy-amb `qan-imkv{X LS-I-߃ Xncn-®-dn-™n-´p≠v

• Pe-tk-N-\-Øn¬ \Zo-X-S-]-≤-Xn-I-fpsS ]¶v Xncn-®-dn™n-´p≠v {]h¿Ø\w : 6

bqWn‰v : C¥y˛ KXm-K-Xhpw hm¿Øm-hn-\n-a-bhpw

Dt±y-iy-߃ : C¥y-bpsS `q{]-IrXn KXm-KX kwhn-[m-\-ß-fn¬ F{X-tØmfw kzm[o-\n-°p∂p≠v F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\v. ]T-\-{]iv\w :

32

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

C¥y-bpsS thyma-K-Xm-KXw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv `q]-Sw. a‰v {]tZ-i-ßsf At]-£n®v hS-°p-˛In-g-°≥ kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ thyma-K-Xm-K-X-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ Du∂¬ \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. `q{]-Ir-Xn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n¬ KXm-KX - k - w-hn-[m-\ß - sf hni-Ie - \w sNbvXm¬ FØn-t®-cp∂ hkvXp-XI - ƒ F¥mWv?

DØ-c-Øn-se-Øm≥ Xmsg kqNn-∏n-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS Ip´n-Isf sIm≠p-t]m-hp-I. • Ing-°≥ kwÿm-\-߃ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂Xv GXp `q{]-Ir-Xn-hn-`m-K-Øn-emWv ?

Hc p ° 20 w 10

• Cu {]tZ-i-Øp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ sdbn¬K-Xm-K-Xw, tdmUp-K-Xm-K-Xw F∂n-h-bpsS km[yX ˛N¿®

@ dbn¬ tdmUv, tdmUv \n¿ΩmWw t\cn-Sp∂ {]iv\-߃ @ kmº-ØnI _m[yX

@ \Zn-Iƒ Ds≠-¶nepw ^e-{]-Z-ambn KXm-KX tbmKy-am-hp-∂n√. F¥psIm≠v

•

hmk-ÿ-e-ß-fpsS hn\ymkw Fßs\ ?

•

thyma-K-Xm-K-X-Øns‚ ^e-{]m]vXn F{X-tØmfw ?

{]h¿Ø\w: 7

Nne `qhn-h-c-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ kqN-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p. Ah GtXXp `qhn-h-csØ kqNn-∏n°p-∂p-sh∂v Xncn-®d - n™v Fgp-Xp-∂p. Fgp-Xn-bh F{X-tØmfw icn-bm-sW∂v `q]-Sh - p-ambn X´n®p-t\m-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v Ah A\n-tbm-Py-amb Nn”-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v C¥y-bpsS cq]-tc-J-bn¬ AS-bm-fs - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

`qhn-h-c-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ kqN-\-Iƒ a

D]-Zzo-]nb ]oT-`q-an-bnse \of-ta-dnb ]¿h-X-\nc

b

D]-Zzo-]nb ]oT-`q-an-bnse \of-ta-dnb \Zn

c

ssa°m-e-\n-c-I-fn¬ \n∂pw D¬`-hn®v ]Sn-™m-tdm-s´m-gp-Ip∂ \Zn

d

DØ-c-]¿h-X-ta-J-e-bn¬ G‰hpw hS-°p-`m-KØp ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ ]¿h-X-\nc

e

OØnkvKUv kwÿm-\-Øns‚ a[y-`m-KØp ÿnXn sNøp∂ Ccp-ºp-cp-°p-ime

f

C¥y-bpsS G‰hpw sX°p-`m-KØv ÿnXnsNøp∂ {][m\ Xpd-apJw

g

Ym¿ acp-`qan ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ kwÿm\w

h

]›na sdbn¬sh-bpsS Bÿm\w

i

OØn-kvK-Un\pw cmP-ÿm\pw CS-bn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ kwÿm\w

33

Hcp°w 2010

s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-∏v, tIcfw

XpS¿{]-h¿Ø\w apI-fn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p≈ {]h¿Ø\w ]q¿Øo-Ic - n®p Ign-™m¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°p \¬tI≠ ASpØ {]h¿Ø\w sNdnb {Kq∏p-I-fn¬ `qhn-h-c-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ kqN-\-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°-em-Wv. CXn-\mbn Xmsg \¬In-bn-´p≈ kqN-I-߃ t_m¿Un¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

Xpd-apJw hyh-km-b-\-Kcw sdbn¬sh Bÿm\w \Zn ]¿hXw kwÿm\w

Hc p ° 20 w 10

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Hmtcm {Kq∏pw Xbm-dm-°p∂ kqN-\-Iƒ a‰p {Kq∏p-Iƒ°v ssIam-dp-∂p. ssIamdn In´nb {Kq∏pIƒ Ah ]cn-tim-[n®p `qhn-h-c-߃ Is≠-Øp-∂p. Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. sX‰pIƒ XncpØn [mc-W-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

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