Understanding the Challenges to Implementing a Local Economic Development Strategy in Regions with Extractive Industries Roger Hosein and Rebecca Gookool Trade and Economic Development Unit 1

Format of Discussion • Understanding the peculiar challenges of regions with extractive industries • Building a case for Local Economic Development o Defining Local Economic Development o The LED Process o The LED Strategy • Key Learnings and Best Practices o How to form an effective steering committee • Conclusion

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Understanding the peculiar challenges of regions with extractive industries • UNDP (2010) has identified that an extractive industry is an industry which is built around nonrenewable resources such as oil, natural gas and diamonds. • Freudenburg (1992) explains that whereas raw material extraction once provided an effective avenue for economic development, the economic and social realities emerging out of these circumstances largely reflect retarded growth and development. 3

Understanding the peculiar challenges of regions with extractive industries Slow Rate of Accumulating Genuine Savings

Weak Institutions

Compromised Democracies Oil mentality

Corruption and Rent Seeking

Dutch Disease and deindustrialization Baumol Cost Disease

Volatile and unstable economies

Resource Curse

Poor Educational Outcomes

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Local Economic Development: What is it? Local This implies that there is a focus on the use of existing and potential local capacities

Development This implies that the process is geared towards the improvment of living and working conditions in the community

Economic This implies that there is some focus on investment to support the entrepreneurial class to expand the local business sector 5

Local Economic Development: What is it? Improved physical infrastructure

Improved Competitiveness of local firms

Attracting inward investment

Improved human capital base

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Key Learnings and Best Practices LED must be community driven and must be premised on a public private collaborative approach.

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Key Learnings and Best Practices: The Core LED Team Identifying local stakeholders: • Partnerships are key in successful LED: Determine who should be included:

Organizing the CORE Team • Identify members of the LED Core team • (steering committee) • Conduct initial meetings and community consultation • Identify members of advisory committee

Institutional

Public/Private

Business Chamber/ Business Associations

MNCS

Academia

Ministries / Local Government

Civil Society / Community groups and NGOs 8

Key Learnings and Best Practices: Forming a Successful Steering Committee Community consultations: to identify potential participants

Rigorous Screening process

Steering Committee

1. Screening and shortlisting of individuals via their qualification - CV 2. Screening of persons based on institutional (civil society) affiliations 3. Screening on persons based on their current community development activities 4. Certificates of Character 5. Recommendations 9 6. Formal Interview process

Key Learnings and Best Practices • It is important to develop the capacity of stakeholders for more deliberate participation in the process of development. • After the formation of the steering committee; train; train; train…..spend much efforts in training and exposing the community and the committee to the concept, strategy, implementation, and applications of LED.

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Key Learnings and Best Practices: Key Areas of LED Training Understanding LED Building the LED strategy Building community governance capacity Building capacity to identify key economic, social and environmental gaps • Business training • • • •

o Innovation, entrepreneurship, green businesses

• Grant funding and proposal writing

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Key Learnings and Best Practices • Understand that LED by its very nature encompasses different aspects of community wellbeing, i.e. at any one point in time managing an LED intervention requires that oversight on several ‘moving parts’. o This indeed requires proper resource planning and allocation; assigning lead roles for steering committee member or groups of members for specific activities can help in this process. o Instituting advisory teams for specific activities is beneficial.

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Key Learnings and Best Practices • A successful LED intervention requires collaboration with organizations and institutions with different capacities. • Forming relationships and networks on an intervention or activity basis entrenches the LED model, shares risk and responsibility and increases impact and sustainability.

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Key Learnings and Best Practices • Engage activities that are visible in the community; this improves community buy in and support for the interventions. • Engage activities that address the long term economic, social and environmental gaps in the community, i.e. LED must be relevant. • Continuous collaboration with stakeholders is beneficial. • Focus efforts on human capital development; this is critical not only for the business sector but also for long run development of the area. 14

Key Learnings and Best Practices • Build the capacity of the local business sector. • Encourage the formation of associations and cooperatives. • Incorporate youths, formal and informal community leaders into the decision making process. • Ensure that there is a clear communication strategy. • ALLOW ENOUGH TIME FOR THE MOBILIZATION OF THE LED VISION; CHANGE TAKES TIME

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The End

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Session 20 - Presentation by Rebecca Gookool and Roger Hosein ...

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