FOR CITY COUNCIL MEETING OF: AGENDA ITEM NO.: TO: THROUGH:

February 22, 2016 6(d)

MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL

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FROM:

PETER FERNANDEZ, PE, PUBLIC

SUBJECT:

RESULTS OF TARGETED GRAZING PILOT PROJECT AT MINTO-BROWN ISLAND PARK

ISSUE: To provide Council the results of a pilot project conducted at Minto-Brown Island Park during October and November 2015 that used targeted grazing by goats for invasive vegetation management. RECOMMENDATION: Information only. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND: This report provides the results of a pilot project that used goats to remove invasive species at Minto-Brown Island Park. The report also compares the cost of targeted grazing by goats to the two alternative methods of invasive vegetation management: (1) using inmate crew labor, and (2) mowing by City staff. Over the past several years, there has been a great deal of interest by the community to use targeted grazing as a practice for removing invasive vegetation within City park properties. Accordingly, on December 8, 2014, Ordinance Bill No. 26-14 was enacted amending Salem Revised Code Chapter 400 (Farming, Forestry, and Animal Services) to allow the use of goats for "targeted grazing," which is defined in SRC Chapter 400, as "the application of goats to accomplish a defined vegetation or landscape goal." A pilot project using goats to remove invasive species was approved by City Council in the FY2015-16 budget. A contractor was selected through a public bidding process to clear approximately nine acres of invasive plants at Minto-Brown Island Park (see Attachment 1). The project commenced October 13, 2015, and lasted approximately six weeks, ending at the end of November 2015. The results of the pilot project show that targeted grazing was more expensive than either mowing or using inmate crews would have been had either of the latter two methods been used at the pilot site. FACTS AND FINDINGS: Trial Project Scope of Work and City Responsibilities The scope of the project included using 75 goats to remove invasive Armenian Blackberry and English Ivy from a 9.1-acre plot in the northeast corner of Minto-Brown

Results of Targeted Grazing Pilot Project at Minto-Brown Island Park City Council Meeting of February 22, 2016 Page 2

Island Park. The contractor chose to remain at the site for the duration of the project. The City provided potable water for the goats and port-a-potty for the contractor. Prior to the goats arrival, a path along the perimeter of the work area was cleared for fencing to contain the goats. This perimeter work was accomplished with inmate labor.

Cost of the Pilot Project The total cost of the pilot project for contracted services and the supporting work by the City was slightly under $21,000. Expenses - Contractor Goat Rental, flat rate for 9.1 acres ................................................................... $11,375 Goat monitoring .............................................................................................. $ 2,560 Weed removal for cross-fencing interior .......................................................... $ 540 Total Expenses Paid to Contractor .................................................................. $14,475 Expenses - City Perimeter path clearing, potable water, and port-a-potty ................................. $ 4,203 Removal of blackberrv canes by inmate crew, post-goats ............................... $ 2.041 Total Expenses- City ...................................................................................... $ 6,244 Total Pilot Project Expenses ............................................................................ $20,719 Summary of Results Among the key findings of the pilot project: (1) The goats were successful in removing ivy from the trees and off the ground. (2) The goats removed the leaves from all the blackberry canes they could reach, but did not eat the canes, which had to be removed later by inmate crews supervised by City staff. (3) The goats were not selective in what they ate, devouring native plants along with invasives. (4) The goats were drawn to the bark of certain trees, notably maples and hazelnuts, and damaged them. (5) The goats were almost universally welcomed by park users as a pleasant, pastoral addition to the scenery. The area, however, had a barnyard aroma during the time the goats were present. (6) Determining suitable locations for goats must be carefully considered should this practice be used in future. Goats will indiscriminately eat native shrubs, tree bark, leaves, and most other types of vegetation.

JP/TLC//G:\Group\director\ludy\Council 2016\Feb 22\Targeted Grazing Staff Report_RDCv2.docx

Results of Targeted Grazing Pilot Project at Minto-Brown Island Park City Council Meeting of February 22, 2016 Page 3

Comparison of Alternatives The costs for two alternatives for vegetation removal at this same site, mowing and using inmate crews, were estimated and are provided below for comparison to targeted grazing. Alternative 1 - Mowing Vegetation removal at the same site by mowing would utilize one Parks Operations Maintenance Operator operating a Bobcat® unit with a mowing attachment for cutting the blackberries. The 9.1-acre site is suitable for mowing since it is mostly flat and the tree spacing is wide enough to accommodate the unit to allow for general removal. However, after the mowing is complete, the site will require an inmate crew to clear vegetation from around each tree and at tight corners. City Expenses - Alternative 1 Parks Maintenance Operator for 32 hours ................................................. $ 1,510 Department of Corrections Crew ............................................................... $ 1,600 Equipment ................................................................................................. $ 260 Total City Expenses ................................................................................... $ 3,370

Alternative 2- Inmate Crew This alternative utilizes an inmate crew for clearing the blackberries at this same site using gas powered weed eaters. City Expenses -Alternative 2 Parks Maintenance Operator .................................................................... $ 1,510 Department of Corrections Crew ............................................................... $ 2,600 Equipment .................................................................................................. $ 135 Total City Expenses ................................................................................... $ 4,245

Comparison of Three Methods From a cost perspective, targeted grazing using goats at this specific site was more expensive than the other two alternatives. However, in this specific case, the 9.1-acre site is mostly flat and accessible by mowing equipment and inmate crews. The cost for invasive vegetation management is highly dependent on the characteristics of the site and there are likely locations on City-owned property where goats may be more cost-effective, such as on steep slopes or areas where inmate crews or mowers cannot be utilized. City staff have not yet identified specific areas in parks where that might be the case, but as they are identified, using targeted grazing by goats will be considered.

~ Robert D. Chandler, PhD, PE Assistant Public Works Director Wards All February 12, 2016 Attachment 1: Map of Minto-Island Park showing location of targeted grazing JP/TLC//G:\Group\director\Judy\Council 2016\Feb 22\Targeted Grazing Staff Report_RDCv2.docx

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Salem Oregon report results of pilot program.pdf

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