Madras Agric. J. 91 (1-3) : 158-160 January-March 2004 Research Notes
Sahyadri - a promising rice hybrid of India J.L. MEHTA, V.N. DESHPANDE, V.V. DALVI, V.W. BENDALE AND R.L. KUNKERKAR College of Agriculture, Dapoli, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra In India, rice occupies an area of 44 m.ha which represents 41 per cent area cropped to cereals. Since rice is the important staple food crop of India, any effort to achieve food security in the future must be focussed on this crop first. If the population grows at current rate, India will require about 150 m.tonns of rice by the turn of this century. However, the prospects for accelerating the growth in rice production by conventional means is less encouraging as the area under rice crop has remained practically stagnant with no scope of increase in area in future and the productivity being completely stable around 1.6 t ha-1 for last several years. Development and use of hybrid rice is one of the approaches by which the productivity can be increased. Considering the prospectus of hybrid rice, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Karjat initiated research on hybrid rice under National Network Programme under the UNDP/ICAR/FAO since 1991. This resulted in the release of the hybrid rice "Sahyadri" for medium soils and rainfed low-lands for its commercial cultivation in the state of Maharastra. The promising hybrid rice culture KJTRII -1 was developed through three line breeding system (A/B/R) utilizing cytoplasmic genic male sterile line (IR-58025A), the maintainer line (IR-58025B) and the restorer line (BR-8273-1-1-1R). On farm verification trials (Adaptive trial) were conducted at seven locations during kharif-1996 in Raigad district and also at 16 locations in Rabi hot weather season during 1996. The performance of this culture over locations was also studied under Multi Location Trials (MLT) at five locations during kharif, 1996 and 1997. During kharif, 1997, it was tested at nine locations in All India Hybrid
Rice Trial (IHRT) and the performance was compared with best checks of the respective states. Large scale demonstrations were conducted at 22 locations in six districts all over Maharashtra during kharif, 1997 and the performance was compared with the National Check Variety Jaya. The performance of the elite hybrid rice culture KJTRH-1 was evaluated from kharif, 1995 to 1997 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Karjat (Maharastra). This hybrid was tested at various research stations under multi location trials during kharif, 1996. The mean grain yield recorded by this hybrid was 5589 kg ha-1 which is 28.07 per cent increase over Jaya. During kharif 1997, the mean grain yield recorded by the hybrid was 4535 kg ha-1 which is 23.40 per cent increase over the check variety Jaya. In the large scale demonstrations conducted at 22 locations in six districts, the hybrid recorded a mean grain yield of 8408 kg ha-1 which is 43.36 per cent increase over Jaya. Among the 22 large scale demonstrations, a maximum grain yield of 15000 kg ha -1 was recorded at Satara. The results of on farm trials (OFT) at 7 locations during kharif 1996 showed 63.65 per cent more yield over check Jaya. During OFT trials conducted (rabi, 1996) at 16 locations recorded 31.72 per cent higher yield of KJTRH-1 over Jaya and 181 locations during 1997 also showed its superiority over Jaya. OFT trials conducted during kharif, 1997 at 181 locations recorded 36.98 per cent more yield over Jaya. The results from All India Co-ordinated Trial (IHRT-2) during kharif, 1997 indicated
159
Sahyadri - a promising rice hybrid of India
Table 1. Overall performance of KJTRH-1 Sl. No.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Particulars (Year/Season)
Yield (kg ha-1)
No. of trials
Multilocation trial (Kharif, 1996) Multilocation trial (Kharif, 1997) Large scale demonstration (Kharif, 1997) OFT trial (Kharif, 1996) OFT trial (Rabi, 1996) OFT trial (Kharif, 1997) All India Co-ordinated trial IHRT-2 (Kharif, 1997) Mean
KJTRH-1
Jaya
Increase over check (%)
5 9 22
5589 4535 8408
4364 3675 5865
28.07 23.40 43.36
7 16 181 9
7014 6277 6641 7120
4296 4760 4848 6221
63.65 31.72 36.98 14.45
256
6512
4860
33.99
Table 2. Grain yield performance of KJTRH-1 in the All India Co-ordinated Trial (IIRT 2 Kharif, 1997) Yield (kg ha-1) Sl. No.
Station
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
KVK, Gaddipalli Coimbatore Karjat Faizabad Mandya Mahyco (medak) Chinsurah Gandipet Raipur Average
KJTRH-1
Best check
Increase over best check
8064 8056 6864 5150 9211 7825 6114 7220 5581 7120
6213 6710 5482 5235 8986 5880 5350 6955 5182 6221
29.79 20.06 25.21 2.50 33.08 0.12 3.81 7.70 14.45
Table 3. Quality characteristics of KJTRH-1 rice hybrid A. B.
C.
Physical characteristics i. Milling-endosperm (%) ii. Polishing-white rice (%) Cooking characteristics i. Water uptake index ii. Volume expansion index iii. Kernel length after cooking iv. Elongation ratio Chemical characteristics i. Protein (%)
78.00 46.00 2.75 5.21 8.5 mm 1.5 7.03
Table 4. Reaction to major disease under field and controlled conditions Entries
Kharif, 1996
Kharif, 1997
BLB
Leaf GH
Blast Field
NB
Leaf scald
BLB
Leaf GH
Blast Field
NB
Leaf scald
KJTR-1 4-MR Jaya 5 MS
O HR
0 HR
3 MR
3 MR
6-MS 7 HS
1-R 4 MS
2-R 6 MS
A A
1-R 3 MR
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J.L. Mehta, V.N. Deshpande, V.V. Dalvi, V.W. Bendale and R.L. Kunkerkar
Table 5. Reaction to major pests under field conditions Sl.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Entries
Kharif, 1996
Kharif, 1997
5-5 5-5 7-5 9-5 7-5
3-5 4-5 6-5 6-5 5-5
KJTRH-1 A line (IR-58025) B line (IR-58025) R line Jaya
that the hybrid "Sahyadri" gave 8.99 quintal more yield than the national check variety Jaya in nine hybrid rice growing centres. The mean yield recorded was 6408 kg ha-1 (Table 2). The performance of KJTRII-1 was also taken at Kharland Research Station, Panvel, where this hybrid recorded yield of 7053 kg ha-1 during kharif, 1996 under the soil salinity (EC 2.5 dSm-1). The overall performance of KJTRH-1 under different trials is presented in Table 1. It recorded a mean grain yield of 6512 kg ha-1 when compared 4860 kg ha-1 of the check variety Jaya, which is 33.99 per cent increase over the check. This hybrid is intermediate in stature (120 cm) and matures in 125-130 days. It
produces more number of productive tillers (about 15 per hill) when planted with a spacing of 20x15 cm. The average grain number per panicle is 180-200 and 1000 grain weight is 28 g. The grain is long slender and has slight aroma, straw coloured with white rice. Physical properties, cooking quality, chemical & organoleptic characters are good in all respects with a milling percent of 78.0 and volume expansion ratio of 5.21 (Table 3). It is resistant to leaf blast, leaf scald and susceptible to stemborer under field and controlled conditions. (Table - 4 and 5). The culture KJTRII-1 has been released as a new hybrid under the name "Sahyadri" during 1998.
(Received : December 2003; Revised : December 2003).
Madras Agric. J. 91 (1-3) : 160-163 January-March 2004 Research Notes
Effect of foliar nutrition on grain yield of rice fallow blackgram S. RAMANATHAN, K. NATARAJAN AND P. STALIN Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai-612 101, Tamil Nadu Pulses are the main sources of vegetable protein essential for human and animal nutrition. Pulses largely meet their N requirement through biological N fixation and the most important nutrients needed are P and K. Phosphorus is needed by the plant and by the symbiotic bacteria. The positive effect of "P" in increasing the grain yield of soyabean was found by Abbas et al. (1994) and Ramasamy et al. (2000).
Stalin et al. (1989) found that P application to french beans significantly increased the pod yield and number of pods. The application of K regulates the utilization of other nutrients in the plant system. Yakadri and Thatikunta (2000) also found that application of K and spraying of DAP at different crop growth stages in blackgrarn influenced the number of pods per plant as well as grain yield. Currently,
