Excellence in Research, Education, and Public Service since 1951

Biennial Report, FY 2013-2015 Rauri Bowie, Jeff Brown, Faerthen Felix September 30, 2015

P.O. Box 939 / 11616 Sagehen Road Truckee, CA 96160 Phone: 530-587-4830 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: Sagehen.ucnrs.org/

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION

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SAGEHEN’S HISTORY

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OPERATIONS

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PARTNERS AND NETWORKS

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MAJOR INITIATIVES

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SAGEHEN FOREST PROJECT SAGEHEN ART PROGRAM SAGEHEN COLLECTIONS PROGRAM NORTH FORK OF THE AMERICAN RIVER RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION AGREEMENT AREA HYDROLOGY/METEOROLOGY HIGHWAY-89 ROAD ECOLOGY LAHONTAN CUTTHROAT TROUT REINTRODUCTION PROPRIETARY EDUCATION PROGRAMS CONGRESSIONAL AWARENESS

10 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 19

STATION USE

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RESEARCH EDUCATION PUBLIC SERVICE

20 22 23

DATA PUBLICATIONS

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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING COLLECTIONS AND BIODIVERSITY

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THE FUTURE

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS IN FY2013-2015 RESULTED FROM SAGEHEN RESEARCH, DATA, AND COLLECTIONS (COMPLETE RIS BIBLIOGRAPHY AVAILABLE ON OUR WEBSITE):

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APPENDICES: FINANCIALS, USE STATISTICS

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Images source: Faerthen Felix | Sagehen Creek Field Station, unless otherwise credited.

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3 Introduction

“Nestled on the southern shore of Lake Manitoba, the Delta Marsh Field Station had withstood many tribulations since its creation in 1966. An ornithological jewel of international significance, over the years the field station educated thousands of students, acted as a migratory bird monitoring node in a continent-scale network, and produced hundreds of scientific publications and graduate theses, all while regularly ducking the funding ax.” Until one day it just didn’t. The Delta Marsh Field Station was bulldozed to the ground in 2010. “The closure of DMFS received no national news coverage and scant attention beyond the local area. The closure was justified by a corporate “bottom-line” argument but was also motivated by ignorance of both the role this station played in the education of field biologists and ornithologists, its environmental and conservation significance, and of its future potential.”1 If excelling at the university missions of research and education is not enough to justify a field station, then what is? UC Berkeley’s Sagehen Creek Field Station forms a bridge between the University of California and the larger community. We reach people who have no other relationship with the UC system, but often pay taxes that support it directly or indirectly. In the first California budget crisis in the mid-1990’s, Sagehen narrowly escaped Delta Marsh’s eventual fate, despite an even more productive history of research and university education. Intervention by the local community saved Sagehen then. The Mayor of Truckee reached out to the Governor of California, who contacted the Berkeley Chancellor. Then, a community contingent led by the Tahoe National Forest Supervisor visited and petitioned the Vice Chancellor for Research (VCR). Later, concerned staff members from the VCR’s office and the Berkeley Natural History Museums ensured that Sagehen stayed on the radar as the administration changed. New, non-academic managers Jeff Brown and Faerthen Felix were hired in 2001 to revitalize the station and replace a 5-year interim site caretaker. Brown and Felix instituted a new, more entrepreneurial operating plan that continues today, leveraging the University of California’s investment aggressively. That operating plan recognizes that there is a third pillar to the Berkeley mission: public service. Clearly, demonstrating the station’s value to our local, regional, national, and international communities is critical to our survival, to our scientific productivity, and to maintaining the connection that a field station can provide between the university and their broader society far from campus. In 2005, Sagehen, the Tahoe National Forest and the Pacific Southwest Research Station worked together to designate Sagehen Creek basin an Experimental Forest, shifting management authority from the management side, to the research side of the US Forest Service, and securing the watershed’s future for research and education. At first, we were delighted, and then utterly floored when we heard a local say that it seemed kind of elitist, and wonder what was in it for him.

Hobson, K. A., D. R. Norris, G. Goldsborough, and S. G. Sealy. 2012. “Requiem for a field station: the loss of a Canadian ornithological treasure”. Avian Conservation and Ecology 7(2): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00553-070207 , http://www.ace-eco.org/vol7/iss2/art7/ 1

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REPORT: FY 2013-2015

Beginning right there and then, and accelerating each year since, Sagehen began focusing particular attention on understanding and executing that poorly defined third pillar of the University of California, Berkeley mission. Confirming our intuition, the National Academy of Sciences commissioned a telling 2014 paper on the future of field stations and marine labs (FSMLs)2. The publication commended these facilities for their productivity on the front lines, grappling with the pressing ecological issues our society faces in the 21st century. But, the paper’s authors also took us to task for failing—like so much other science—to connect the data and knowledge we are producing, through to social policy and action. Science has to be dispassionate in presenting results: the data must speak for itself. So, how do you create the empathy needed to make people who don’t care about emotionless scientific process, care about what it is telling us? The NAS paper’s authors suggest that if we don’t figure out how to do that, and fast, we are likely to cease to exist. Just like Delta Marsh. This report explains how Sagehen attacked that problem and fulfilled the Berkeley mission in FY2013-15.

Schubel, et al, 2014. “Enhancing the Value and Sustainability of Field Stations and Marine Laboratories in the 21st Century”. National Research Council. http://fsml-art.blogspot.com/2014/09/video-references.html 2

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5 Sagehen’s history

In the late 1940’s, the California state legislature came to the University of California (just Berkeley back then) with a funding appropriation and a request: that UC begin a Fisheries and Wildlife program. Two faculty members, A. Starker Leopold and Paul R. Needham accepted the project, and scouted around the Sierra Nevada for a small perennial creek to function as a field study site. They found Sagehen Creek, and in the winter of 1950-51, everyone skied out to the site with Forest Service representatives and state legislators to seal the deal: a special use permit with no end date. Sagehen Creek Field Station began, and the station’s first decade was largely dedicated to learning much of what we now know about wild trout. Since then, the research focus has expanded beyond fisheries and wildlife to include forest health, hydrology, botany, climate change, road ecology, and many other topics. To date, Sagehen has produced many hundreds of peer-reviewed scientific publications and 94 graduate theses. Sagehen educational programs have also expanded to include not just undergraduate courses, but education at all levels, from GK-12 through post-graduate, professional development, and public interest. In fact, Sagehen’s innovative education programs now also provide research opportunities, with two Master’s and two Ph.D. projects resulting from examination of our Adventure-Risk-Challenge Literacy and Leadership program (ARC), and our 5th grade science Sagehen Outdoor Education Program (SOEP). Sagehen joined the UC Natural Reserve System in 2004. In 2014, we received our first 10-year review, which applauded our collaborative efforts, while pointing out our deferred maintenance backlog. The US Forest Service and the Pacific Southwest Research Station designated the Sagehen Basin an Experimental Forest in 2005. We now work closely with land managers and elected officials. Our research informs policy and management decisions for the forest we are embedded in, and those far beyond.

Video information about Sagehen, past and present... Jeff's background orientation video for station guests (http:// goo.gl/bkXDTl)

"Leopold Family Legacy at Sagehen Creek" (http://goo.gl/ qN5wu4)

How we work collaboratively (http:// goo.gl/wKbyRX)

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6 Operations

Sagehen Creek Field Station is a research and teaching facility of the University of California, Berkeley's Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, the Berkeley Natural History Museums, and the UC Natural Reserve System. The Field Station was established in 1951 with the signing of a long-term special use permit with the USDA Forest Service; today, this relationship includes the Tahoe National Forest, which manages the land, and the Pacific Southwest Research Station, which created the Sagehen Experimental Forest in 2005. The facility has 22 wooden buildings, concentrated in a streamside footprint within the larger 9,000-acre Experimental Forest. Sagehen operates 24-hours a day, 365-days a year, with most use occurring during the summer field season between mid-May to mid-October. Sagehen has 49 bunkhouse style beds, and can accommodate camping, as well. Summer, 2015 brought our busiest day ever: 135 people participating in 6 different events. 2 on-site Berkeley FTEs and a volunteer caretaker staff the station. Self-funded Sagehen programs employed an additional 3 FTEs, 6 seasonal employees, and over 30 volunteers in FY2013-15. At least 60 more volunteers contributed biotic observations in the basin. In 2014, Berkeley funded a new .6 FTE Senior Maintenance Worker for Sagehen, beginning a sorely needed campaign of significant upgrades to, and long-deferred maintenance of, our aging facility. 2014 saw a change in Faculty Director for Sagehen. Professor Rauri Bowie graciously stepped in to replace long-serving Professor James Kirchner, who—happily for us--continues to engage as our Senior Faculty Advisor, Emeritus.

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Jeff Brown, Director UC Berkeley, Central Sierra Field Research Stations (resident at Sagehen)

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Faerthen Felix, Assistant Manager UC Berkeley, Sagehen Creek Field Station

Chancellor’s Outstanding Staff Team Award winners, 2006

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Dan Sayler, Senior Maintenance Worker UC Berkeley, Sagehen Creek Field Station

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Rauri Bowie, Faculty Director

Image source: Berkeley News

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James Kirchner, Senior Faculty Advisor (Emeritus)

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8 Partners and Networks We consider Sagehen to be just a small piece of a much bigger picture, and we constantly look for and foster relationships with a broad spectrum of entities that share our goals. Our 2005 Vision Statement was developed in collaboration with every stakeholder we could think to invite. This community-developed document continues to inform and direct everything we do. Beginning in 2014, we worked with the Mountain Research Institute of Bern, Switzerland to develop a Global Network of Mountain Observatories (GNOMO). We held an exploratory meeting at the University of Nevada – Reno, in 2014. Encouraged by the response, Sagehen obtained an NSF Planning Grant in 2015 to conduct an international formation meeting in FY2015-16 (NSF Award#1547475).

Sagehen works consistently with the UC Natural Reserve System (UCNRS) and Organization of Biological Field Stations (OBFS) to operate these organizations in more coordinated and networked ways in order to leverage all of our efforts. More information about these and other important ongoing partnerships is detailed later in this report.

M AJOR COLLABORATIVE PARTNERS IN FY2013-2015 INCLUDED ( IN NO PARTICULAR ORDER ): !

US Forest Service (USFS)

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Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW)

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National Forest Foundation (NFF)

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Desert Research Institute (DRI)

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Mountain Research Institute (MRI)

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Truckee River Watershed Council (TRWC)

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UC Natural Reserve System (UCNRS)

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Organization of Biological Field Stations (OBFS)

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Nevada Museum of Art (NMA)

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American Institute of Biological Science (AIBS)

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California Academy of Science

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US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)

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Sierra Nevada Conservancy (SNC)

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UC Cooperative Extension (UCCE)

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Sierra Business Council (SBC)

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Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board

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Caltrans

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Sierra Watershed Education Partnership (SWEP)

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California Fish and Wildlife (CAF&W)

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UC Agriculture and Natural Resources (UCANR)

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US Geological Survey (USGS)

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Tahoe-Truckee Unified School District (TTUSD)

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Trout Unlimited (TU)

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Sierra County Board of Supervisors

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CalTrout

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Nevada County Board of Supervisors

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Sierra Forest Legacy

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Sierra County Wildlife Commission

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Sierra-Pacific Industries (SPI)

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California Deer Association

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Northern Sierra Partnership

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The Nature Conservancy (TNC)

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Lake Tahoe Conservancy

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University of Alaska - Fairbanks

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Yosemite National Park

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University of Nevada - Reno

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KidZone Museum

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Sierra-Plumas Joint Unified School District

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Town of Truckee

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National Association of Marine Laboratories

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Boys and Girls Club

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iNaturalist

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iDigBio

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Major Initiatives Researchers and educators generally do whatever work they feel is important at Sagehen, and this work is broad reaching. But, there are also several ongoing major initiatives that serve to focus and integrate science questions, education and outreach in the Sagehen basin. In many cases, we recruit researchers and educators to address knowledge gaps, and assist with connecting them to funding partners who need that information.

Sagehen Forest Project The northern Sierra Nevada was largely denuded of timber during the Comstock silver strike in Virginia City, the construction of the transcontinental railroad, and the post WWII construction boom. The forest that re-grew was optimized for timber harvest, which now shows limited diversity of tree species, size and age class, as well as a massive accumulation of fuel due to a century of aggressive fire suppression. This is not a healthy structure for a forest nor for the things that live in the forest: large fuel loads along with raised susceptibility to drought, insect infestation and disease result in devastatingly hot and destructive wild fires and declining wildlife habitat quality. Unfortunately, much of the forested western US suffers from the same conditions. Due to a warming, drying climate since their establishment after the last ice age, forests cannot always recover or reestablish after these disruptive events. At this point in time, the forests need active manipulation to return them to a more natural, resilient, fire-tolerant structure, but this is too expensive to do everywhere. A strategy for treating a smaller portion of the forest that yields similar benefits was proposed and adopted by the Forest Service in the early 2000’s. The strategy was called SPLATs, Strategically Placed Land Area Treatments. The idea involves thinning and removing fuel from roughly 30% of forested areas in a waffle-like pattern. This approach shifts the choice of treatment zones from smaller, more targeted and logistically or politically motivated areas, to a broader “landscape” management perspective. But SPLATs had never been tested on a real forest, nor in areas with topographic relief. In partnership with the Forest Service, Berkeley professors Scott Stephens and John Battles decided to implement the strategy at Sagehen. They funded a Ph.D. student and a massive data collection effort. Creating what is one of the best data sets of its kind, the study sampled the entire basin for vegetation and fuels, including a grid of permanent 500-m2 plots where every tree is tagged and measured, canopy closure determined, and ground fuels classified. LiDAR laser mapping created high-resolution topographic maps at 1-m resolution, for both vegetated

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and bare-earth surfaces. A solid fire history dating back to the 1700’s was drawn from live trees and Comstockera stumps. Existing remote sensing and fire models were enhanced with this data and new predictive tools created. In this process, it became obvious that while these treatments would definitely disrupt fire behavior, their implementation would potentially impact wildlife, water and other forest products. To fill in the missing pieces, the Forest Service’s Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW) put together an interdisciplinary team to come up with a guiding document: a science synthesis on the broader natural ecology of east-side pine forests. The result, General Technical Report (GTR) 220, provided a big picture view of the issue and how to structure forests that are not just fire-resistant, but also topographically diverse, wildlife friendly and responsive to today’s--and tomorrow’s--altered climate conditions. With this tool in hand, Sagehen worked with the Forest Service to create a collaborative process to decide what to do in the basin forest, where, and how to do it. We invited everyone who might be interested: loggers, environmentalists, agency staff, academics, NGOs, interested citizens. And they came. We hired a facilitator. We created a public outreach blog and posted every document the group created. We treated two demo plots so everyone could see the ideas on the ground rather than just in the abstract. The group spent 18-months hammering out a solution that everyone could live with. Amazingly, everyone was able to agree. The project was approved without litigation at any stage. Official letters of support came from both the loggers and the environmentalists. Additionally, the National Forest Foundation (NFF) jumped on board, adopting the Truckee River watershed for their “Treasured Landscapes” initiative, and promoting the Sagehen Forest Project as the best way to address forest restoration efforts in the area. In FY2013-15, we applied for and were awarded funding through NFF and the Sierra Nevada Conservancy to treat forest units surrounding the field station and the riparian corridor in FY2015-16. This project potentially offers other forest managers a model process of stakeholder engagement to avoid the logjam of litigation and contentiousness that has shut down virtually every timber management project proposed on public lands in the western US in recent years. The Sagehen Forest Project is also creating momentum to revisit past basin research and answer larger questions than this science originally addressed. In addition to the vast forest structure inventory, and in anticipation of the coming changes to the landscape, hydrology and soils data collection expanded. And researchers are actively re-sampling historic small mammal trapping transects, conducting fish and bird surveys, and leveraging data from American marten monitoring dating back to the 1960’s. Protected Activity Centers (PACs) set aside for species of concern like Northern Goshawks and California Spotted Owls are being watched carefully to see if the animals really do prefer the current conditions, or if they will move when different local habitat becomes available. These PACs will act as plot controls with which to compare the wildlife monitoring data generated from treated forest plots. Major partners: US Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Sierra Forest Legacy, Sierra Pacific Industries, the National Forest Foundation, Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, Truckee River Watershed Council, Sierra Nevada Conservancy, many others. FY2013-2015 Updates: !

Implementation of forest treatments began in 2014.

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Sagehen hosted its first intern in summer 2015: a Brazilian student who helped a new graduate student thesis project re-measure the original 10-year-old Sagehen Forest Project vegetation plot network in advance of forest treatments.

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The National Forest Foundation (NFF) provided $747,000 in grant funding for Sagehen Forest Project handthinning unit implementation and project monitoring by UC Berkeley to begin in FY2015-16.

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The US Forest Service Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit (LTBMU) adopted the Sagehen Forest Project Strategy for the highly political Lake Tahoe Basin.

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Digital tools developed for the Sagehen Forest Project are being scaled up and used at the US Forest Service Region level for large-scale project planning. The Forest Service is also using LiDAR to capture structural information about relic natural forest patches to inform future project design.

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In 2015, Sagehen worked with the Berkeley Office of Government Affairs and the Organization of Biological Field Stations to conduct Congressional briefings in Washington, DC and at Sagehen Creek Field Station on Sagehen Forest Project implementation issues.

Sagehen Art Program Our art program began in 2011, when the Center for Art + Environment at the Nevada Museum of Art in Reno hired internationally-renowned environmental artists Helen and Newton Harrison to produce a 50-year art project addressing climate change in mountainous areas, and proposing a potential mitigation. Sagehen functions as the outdoor exhibit for this project, with additional sister sites in Europe and China. This experience with cutting edge artists and art museum opened our eyes to the potential of art to reach new audiences, to get people thinking about their relationship to the environment, to detect pattern, make fundamental discovery, and to enhance scientific inquiry. In FY20132015, the Sagehen Art Program expanded explosively. Major partners: Center for Art + Environment Nevada Museum of Art, Organization of Biological Field Stations, stpmj, Harrison Studio, ArtSciConverge. FY2013-2015 Updates: !

In 2014, Jeff and Faerthen started a Working Group on Art at Field Stations and Marine Laboratories within the Organization of Biological Field Stations (OBFS) and the National Association of Marine Laboratories (NAML).

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Sagehen, the Nevada Museum of Art, and a subgroup of the new OBFS network put together a National Science Foundation Planning Grant (NSF Award #1543827) through the University of Alaska-Fairbanks, and hosted a meeting at the museum in Reno in June 2015 on art at sites of long-term environmental research.

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Attendees included major art funders, museums, artist/scientists, philosophers, STEM to STEAM educators, writers, and other significant players interested in this intersection. !

Following up on the success of the Reno meeting, the organizing group began work on an NSF proposal for a Research Coordination Network (RCN) to bring these two communities together as ArtSciConverge, in service of fundamental discovery and intellectual merit.

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The Harrison project is conceptual and difficult to wrap one’s head around. Looking for a more approachable artwork to lead people gently into questions about their relationship to the environment and how we should be managing our wild and built environments in the face of climate change and population pressure, Sagehen reached out to NY design firm stpmj. The architects had produced a design for the annual “Folly” competition of the Architecture League of New York and the Socrates Sculpture Park, which did not win, but went viral. Sagehen built Invisible Barn in spring 2015, beating out proposals from New York, Paris, Chengdu, London and other cities. Over 600 people have experienced the artwork this season, including station visitors and presentations to the American Institute of Architects – Northern Nevada Chapter, and the NSF ArtSciConverge Reno Workshop.

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Working with the Nevada Museum of Art to identify important artists focused on environmental problemsolving, Sagehen now has 9 significant artists exploring potential projects or already executing them in association with Sagehen.

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In 2015, the Center for Art + Environment at the Nevada Museum of Art began a permanent archive of the Sagehen Art Program.

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2 Ph.D. dissertation researchers (from Stanford, and Oregon State University) are examining the Harrison Project at Sagehen, and our larger art program.

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Sagehen featured in art exhibits by the Harrisons in New York and at the Nevada Museum of Art.

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We hosted two student artists-in-residence in 2014 through a UCNRS partnership with the UC Institute for Research in the Arts (UCIRA).

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Sagehen worked with Sierra Nevada College to present their new solutions-focused MFA program, including workshopping at the field station.

Sagehen Collections Program With the assistance of a dynamic volunteer-turned-graduate-student, Sagehen began in 2011 to focus on the dark-data resource and untapped research and outreach potential of the station’s modest teaching collections of plants, mammals, birds and insects. Digitization of Sagehen collections included photographing the specimens, capturing label data, and publishing this captured information. Gaps that emerged between the herbarium collection and our basin plant list led to targeted collecting in FY2013-15 that provided volunteer and citizen science opportunities, triggered research requests, expanded the Sagehen herbarium collection, and added 16 new species to the basin plant list.

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14 These discoveries demonstrate the surprising power of a structured collecting program in that it adds to our understanding of the basin ecology and provides new research, outreach and education opportunities, even after 65-years of unstructured collecting in the basin. The Sagehen Collections program dovetails with our outreach programs like California Naturalist and iNaturalist, providing opportunities for Citizen Science and community engagement. Citizen scientists are now providing us with our first-ever documentation of geo-referenced species presence and distribution in the basin, data that will help document future climate change response. We are currently at 591 taxa observed and 4,044 total observations from 106 naturalists.

Major Partners: Berkeley Initiative on Global Change Biology (BIGCB), Berkeley Natural History Museums, iDigBio, North American Network of Small Herbaria (NANSH), iNaturalist, California Consortium of Herbaria (CCH) FY2013-2015 Updates: !

Our volunteer Collections Manager. Erica Krimmel connected us to national efforts like iDigBio and Symbiota in FY2013-15.

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Erica then finished up a Switzer fellowship and a 2014 Master’s degree in Library and Information Science based on her work with Sagehen collections, before moving on to a real museum job at the Chicago Academy of Sciences in 2015.

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4 research requests and 7 publications in FY2013-15 resulted from Sagehen collections (see Bibliography).

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At least 60 members of the public participated in Citizen Science during FY2013-15, producing hundreds of geo-referenced biotic observations in the Sagehen basin.

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We use iNaturalist to maintain research, education and outreach tools like our Sagehen biota lists, and new digital field guides to basin flora and fauna.

North Fork of the American River Research and Conservation Agreement Area Sagehen serves as the hub of a much broader network of regional UC Berkeley research areas that span the Sierra Crest precipitation and elevation gradients. This network is known as the Central Sierra Field Research Stations (CSFRS). Sagehen contains the bulk of CSFRS facility and represents most of the use.

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Major partners: Central Sierra Snow Lab, Onion Creek Experimental Watershed, Chickering American River Reserve, North Fork Association Lands, US Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station FY2013-2015 Updates: ! Sagehen worked to digitize and consolidate historic botanical records for the North Fork of the American River, making them available online, and beginning an herbarium collection for the area that to date has collected over 200 vouchers, uncovered 17 species new to the basin list, and triggered at least 3 research requests in this sparsely used research area. Digital collections are a strategic way to encourage remote research in this logistically difficult area. ! In 2014, we created a citizen science project through iNaturalist for the basin that provides species lists and observational data. ! In 2015, Sagehen is working with the Pacific Southwest Research Station to renew the operating agreement with the Central Sierra Snow Lab.

Hydrology/meteorology Drawing conclusions about natural processes is impossible without longterm datasets. With over 60 years of accumulated meteorology and stream data, Sagehen possesses one of the longest running datasets in the country. The associated Central Sierra Snow Laboratory has the longest snow pack dataset in the western US. With every passing year, this data grows more useful and valuable across disciplines and geography, making it easier to ask questions, get answers, and create tools. Sagehen continues to be a node in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, as well as a US Geological Survey Hydrologic Benchmark stream. Currently, there are 12 radio-linked meteorological towers in the Sagehen basin, as well as 2 in the North Fork of the American River Research and Conservation Agreement area. This network was originally installed under the UCB Keck Hydrowatch project, with substantial additional contributions, including maintenance, from the Desert Research Institute (the environmental research arm of the Nevada system of higher education). With contributions from UC Natural Reserve System NSF grants, our network includes wifi penetration around the field station riparian area via a series of portable towers designed to facilitate field data collection, including citizen science on the iNaturalist platform arising from our developing cadre of California Naturalists.

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Major partners: Desert Research Institute (DRI), University of Nevada – Reno (UNR), UC Natural Reserve System (UCNRS), Western Region Climate Center (WRCC), Sierra-Plumas Joint Unified School District. FY2013-2015 Updates: !

In FY2013-15, Sagehen’s meteorology and hydrology data was used in many forecasting models and large climate aggregations.

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Sagehen operations, research and data collection are hampered by expensive, but slow and unreliable Internet communications. In 2014, Sagehen partnered with the Sierra-Plumas Joint Unified School District, University of Nevada-Reno, Desert Research Institute, and the US Forest Service to provide more robust bandwidth and reliability to Sagehen’s data collection and research efforts. The school district will share their fiber connection in exchange for a seismic sensor and programmatic support; the Forest Service will host a microwave antenna, get wifi and a high-resolution fire cam at a fire-lookout; UNR and DRI get a digital upgrade to their radio network, and reliable data access to the Sagehen basin; Sagehen gets a reliable internet backbone beginning in FY201516.

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In 2015, a new faculty member at University of Nevada – Reno began to explore significant investment in the Sagehen data-collection network.

Highway-89 Road Ecology Animal-vehicle collisions cause $8.8B in injuries and property damage every year. Sagehen’s access road, California Highway-89, represents about 300,000-miles of similar roadway in the US that transects good wildlife habitat and has moderate traffic volume that encourages wildlife to try to cross, often with catastrophic results. In 1979, the local Caltrans shed began writing down all the animals they removed from this highway segment, along with mile markers to the 1/10. This is now the world’s best road kill database. The Highway-89 Stewardship Team formed to exploit this resource in an attempt to learn how to ameliorate the situation. Major partners: Sierra County Fish and Wildlife Commission, Sierra County, USDA Forest Service: Tahoe National Forest and Pacific Southwest Research Station, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), University of California Cooperative Extension, UC Berkeley-Sagehen Creek Field Station, California Deer Association, University of California, Davis. FY2013-2015 Updates: !

The team developed a new Road Ecology professional development course, presented at Sagehen in August, 2013.

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We continued radio-collar monitoring of our local migratory deer herd, and camera network monitoring of our first animal under-crossing at Kyburz Flat.

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This year, Caltrans programmed spending for two new wildlife under-crossings in 2016. This means the engineering is complete, the money is budgeted, and work contracting is in process.

Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Reintroduction Sagehen was originally founded for fisheries and wildlife research. A big part of what we know about wild Brook trout today comes out of work by Sagehen Director Paul “Doc” Needham and his graduate students in the 1950’s. Today, Sagehen remains the California benchmark stream for wild trout biomass. Needham was the first to recognize that the Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (LCT) of adjacent Independence Lake was the last self-reproducing native and genetically pure population of this species, the largest trout in the world. This Image source: moldychum.com/storage/pyramid%20lake.JPG population was historically connected to Sagehen Creek. A more recent Sagehen Master’s thesis evaluated competition between native and non-native trout, confirming the inability of LCTs to compete with introduced wild Brook, Brown and Rainbow trout. As our surface and groundwater continues to warm in the region, these highly sensitive non-native trout will begin to find our streams uninhabitable. Anecdotally, this appears to already be happening at Sagehen, with no Rainbow or Brown trout in evidence for the past few sampling years. The native Lahontan Cutthroat Trout, however, evolved in the receding waters of endorheic (closed basin) Pleistocene Lake Lahontan, equipping the animal to deal with a much broader range of temperature, flow, salinity, turbidity and pH. If we are to have trout in the food web of northern Sierra streams in the not-too-distant future, it seems that the most likely survivor will be the original one: the Lahontan Cutthroat Trout. Major partners: US Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, US Forest Service, Trout Unlimited, and CalTrout. FY2013-2015 Updates: !

The fish barrier feasibility study was successfully completed in 2014.

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We are working with environmental artists Daniel McCormick and Mary O’Brien (Watershedsculpture.com) to design the fish barriers as an engineered art project rather than a concrete dam.

Proprietary Education Programs Sagehen presented a number of self-funded public education programs in FY2013-15, including Adventure-RiskChallenge (ARC), our award-winning literacy, science and leadership program for at-risk teens (now also in

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Yosemite National Park). “ARC is an innovative leadership and literacy program for high school youth, linking wilderness to academics, adventure to leadership, environmental science to literacy, and confidence to activism. Our transformational year-round program improves academic skills, exposes youth to a range of natural environments and wilderness experiences, and inspires the confidence they need to envision and accomplish goals, succeed in high school, attend college, and become engaged, empowered citizens.” In FY2013-15, Sagehen offered professional development courses in road ecology, geomorphology and river restoration. We continue to host a district-wide 5th grade GK12 science program (SOEP) in partnership with UC Berkeley. While not a Sagehen-developed program, we were an early beta-tester and continued to work closely with UCANR’s California Naturalist in FY2013-15 to develop new formats for this public certification program. Our Public Service programs increase community ownership of and commitment to Sagehen, to the University of California, and to science, generally. Sagehen name recognition in the community is now widespread. Pre- and post-SOEP course exercise: Draw a scientist (Campbell, 2011) Nagging land use conflicts we used to experience in the basin completely dried up after we began offering the 5th grade Sagehen Outdoor Education Program (SOEP), which increased science scores in participating classes by 20%. Our innovative education programs also provide research opportunities, with 4 completed graduate theses having already examined ARC and SOEP. Major partners: Tahoe-Truckee Unified School District, numerous small funding donors, Berkeley Natural History Museums, Highway-89 Stewardship Team, and UCANR California Naturalist. FY2013-2015 Updates: !

ARC completed its 12th year in 2015. Programs are now held in both Tahoe and Yosemite.

!

The 5th grade Sagehen Outdoor Education Program is the focus of a new Ph.D. dissertation in FY2013-15.

!

Originally an NSF GK-12 grant, the Sagehen Outdoor Education Program (SOEP) has been funded through alternate means in the FY2013-15 period. This alternate funding finally ends in 2015. The future of this great program is in flux.

!

We developed and hosted new immersive sessions of California Naturalist training in 2014 and 2015.

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

19

! Several of our freshly-minted California Naturalists developed and manage a public volunteer program at Sagehen, including our first BioBlitz event in July, 2015.

Congressional awareness Sagehen presents issues related to our projects to Congressional staffers during events, site tours and office visits. Major partners: UC Berkeley’s Office of Government Affairs, American Institute of Biological Science (AIBS), the Organization of Biological Field Stations (OBFS), the US Forest Service and Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW). FY2013-2015 Updates: !

We attended the Tahoe Summit in 2014 and 2015.

!

In summer 2015, we visited Washington DC with a contingent presenting briefings on field stations to House and Senate staffers. We also met with the Chief of Staff for Rep. LaMalfa.

!

In summer 2015, we hosted a Congressional briefing at Sagehen about issues surrounding our Sagehen Forest Project. Staff of 4 Senators and 4 Representatives from California and Nevada attended the event, as well as high-ranking officials from the Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Sierra Forest Legacy, Sierra Pacific Industries, and many more of our partner organizations.

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

20 Station Use

Sagehen’s use tracks with the University of California mission of Research, Education and Public Service. On average, station use is divided roughly equally between these three emphasis areas. Rather than making clear distinctions between these foci, we feel it is most productive when they interplay, and we work hard to make sure this happens. For instance, scientists study, design, and teach our GK12 programs; management needs and citizen science inform our research; our research informs policy. Prior to Jeff and Faerthen’s arrival at Sagehen in 2001, annual station use peaked at 950 user days and declined for many years. In FY2013-14, the station saw 10,043 documented user days, with 11,787 in FY2014-15 (see Appendix). Slightly over half of this use is day-use only. Due to the terms of our Forest Service permit, we cannot charge user fees for day-use. We have also not charged fees to our proprietary ARC program in the past. Much of our day use happens in the busy summer field season, overlapping fully booked overnight use. This “double-booking” allows much higher station use than would be possible with only overnight user occupancy.

Research Research at Sagehen covers many areas, including wildlife, fisheries, forest ecology, hydrology, climate change, education. Abstracts of all current research at Sagehen can be read on our calendar. Publications resulting from this research are identified in the Bibliography (see section below). 411 scientists conducted university-level research at Sagehen in the two years of FY2013-15 (12,329 user days).

IN FY2013-2015 S AGEHEN HOSTED RESEARCHERS AND EDUCATORS FROM MANY UNIVERSITIES, SCHOOLS AND ORGANIZATIONS , INCLUDING : Colleges and Universities !

University of California - Berkeley

!

Desert Research Institute - Reno

!

University of California - Davis

!

University of Nevada - Reno

!

University of California - Irvine

!

Sierra Nevada College - Incline Village

!

University of California - Los Angeles

!

Truckee Meadows Community College - Reno

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

21 !

University of California - Merced

!

Colorado School of Mines - Golden

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University of California – Office of the President

!

Oregon State University - Corvallis

!

University of California – Santa Barbara

!

Portland Community College - Portland

!

University of California – Santa Cruz

!

University of Arizona - Tucson

!

California Polytechnic State University (CSU), San Luis Obispo

!

University of Connecticut - Storrs

!

California State University (CSU), Chico

!

University of Minnesota

!

California State University (CSU), Fullerton

!

University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill

!

American River College - Sacramento

!

University of Utah - Salt Lake City

!

Riverside Community College - Riverside

!

Niigata University - Niigata

!

San Francisco State University (CSU) - San Francisco

!

Institute of International Education Brazil Scientific Mobility Program - New York

!

Sierra College - Sacramento

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Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

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Sierra College - Rocklin

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University of Toronto - Toronto

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Stanford University - Palo Alto

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University of Eastern Finland - Kuopio

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University of the Pacific - Stockton

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Oregon State University

NGOs, Agencies and other entities !

The Nature Conservancy - Santa Barbara

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California Department of Fish and Wildlife - Sacramento

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The Institute for Bird Populations - Point Reyes

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US Forest Service

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Central Coast Wilds - Santa Cruz

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K-12 Schools - Reno, NV

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stpmj - NYC

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K-12 Schools - Truckee

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The Harrison Studio - Santa Cruz

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Sierra Expeditionary Learning School

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California Naturalist - UCANR

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KidZone Children’s Museum - Truckee

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California Native Plant Society

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Marie's Place - Truckee

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Trout Unlimited

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

22 Education

U NIVERSITY - LEVEL INSTRUCTION AT S AGEHEN REACHED 365 STUDENTS (1779 USER DAYS) IN FY2013-15, IN THE FOLLOWING COURSES : Course

Institution

Mammalogy IB 173

University of California – Berkeley

Geomorphology and River Fundamentals

University of California - Berkeley

Entomology ENT 109

University of California - Davis

Principles of Ecology: ECL 200A ECL 200A

University of California - Davis

Summer Field Camp 118 (Earth Science)

University of California – Santa Barbara

NATR 320 Principles of Ecology

American River College

Hydrogeology GEOS 148

University of the Pacific

Mammalogy BIOL 434

University of Nevada - Reno

Using Fluvial Geomorphology GEOL 451

San Francisco State University

Hydrology and Water Resources Class - Lab ESCI 305

Sierra Nevada College

Field course Stream Ecology ENVS 380

Sierra Nevada College

American Landscape GEOG 407

University of Arizona

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

23 Public Service As described above, we actively integrate Sagehen’s public service efforts into everything we do, and into broader-scale regional, national and international approaches to citizen science, outreach, education, policy, research, and funding. Citizen Science Sagehen uses iNaturalist as its citizen science platform, using volunteers to document the distribution of basin biota for the first time. Resource management and policy Sagehen works with the US Forest Service, US Fish and Wildlife, and California Dept. of Fish and Wildlife to bring science to resource policy. We work with the National Forest Foundation and the Truckee River Watershed Council on restoration. And we work with Congress to share our challenges, and what we are learning.

Social Media We continue to expand our web and social media outreach, with Sagehen photos, iNaturalist projects, blogs, Facebook pages, listservs, and Twitter feeds. We use social media and hashtags to promote and communicate within specific projects, like ArtSciConverge, Invisible Barn, and the Sagehen Forest Project. Public and GK12 education Approximately 1700 people participated in FY2013-15 public education and outreach at Sagehen.

P UBLIC SERVICE PROGRAMS AT S AGEHEN IN FY2013-2015 REACHED 1703 PEOPLE (7407 USER DAYS) IN THE FOLLOWING EVENTS AND COURSES : Program

Institution

Adventure-Risk-Challenge

University of California - Berkeley

Citizen Science Volunteer Program

iNaturalist/California Academy of Sciences

California Naturalist

UCANR

Bio Boot Camp for high schoolers

University of California - Davis

Bio Boot Camp for 7th-9th graders

University of California - Davis

“Sagehen: A Proving Ground” Art Project

University of California – Santa Cruz

Pollination Art Tour

University of California – Santa Cruz

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

24 Writing retreat

University of California - Davis

Student Farm Staff Retreat

University of California - Davis

Sagehen Summer Speaker Series

University of California - Berkeley

Workshop on Mountain Observatories

University of Nevada - Reno

Sagehen Outdoor Education Program

K-12 Schools Truckee/UC Berkeley

First grade/5th grade Sagehen science program

K-12 Schools Truckee/UC Berkeley

Tour

Loyalton Senior Center

Highway 89 Stewardship Team

University of California - Berkeley

Invisible Barn

stpmj

Sierra Nevada Conservancy All Staff Meeting

Sierra Nevada Conservancy

10-Year Reserve Review

UC Natural Reserve System

Tour

Tahoe Trampers

Innovative Approaches to Wildlife Highway Interactions

Highway 89 Stewardship Team

Field trip

NCSWA

Sierra Nevada Wildflowers

Jepson Herbarium

Population Biology First year retreat

University of California - Davis

Schwartz lab writing retreat

University of California - Davis

Shh... There's Art in The Forest

Sierra Expeditionary Learning School

5-8 Sierra Ecology and Sustainability Camp

Sierra Watershed Education Partnership

Sierra Youth Camp 2013

Trout Unlimited

Intro to animals

Marie’s Place

Stream Ecology for Flyfishers

Tahoe Truckee Flyfishers

Annual Meeting 2014

The Western Section of the Wildlife Society

Field trip

Nevada Native Plant Society

Artists in Residency

Nevada Museum of Art

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

25 Data publications Environmental Monitoring

As climate change occupies a greater portion of our national scientific resources, the meaning of “scientific publication” is expanding. A list of peer-reviewed publications--the conventional metric of field station success—is no longer the whole story in a world where science is perhaps most powerful and meaningful when it combines the efforts of many, many scientists and institutions whose contributions can’t always be accurately tracked and credited. Sagehen’s unusually long, and ever-growing 60+ year dataset is likely our most powerful ongoing product. We monitor meteorology, groundwater, precipitation quantity and chemistry, stream flow and chemistry, at multiple sites throughout the basin. As climate research moves to continental and global scale, our accumulated data is now used in larger aggregations to do important modeling and analysis. These second- or third-hand uses tend to be very difficult to track. Sagehen works with individual computer scientists and larger entities like iDigBio, UC Natural Reserve System, and DataOne to increase attribution of these datasets in final publications. On the occasions that we can identify publications resulting from aggregations that include Sagehen data, we have included references in our bibliography. We do know that ongoing Sagehen meteorological data, precipitation chemistry, stream flow and water chemistry data during this reporting period contributed to, and is usually available through, the following programs: !

Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM): PRISM is a widely used set of monthly, yearly, and single-event gridded data products of mean temperature and precipitation, max/min temperatures, and dewpoints, primarily for the United States.

!

Western Region Climate Center (WRCC): The Regional Climate Centers deliver climate services at national, regional and state levels working with NOAA partners in the National Climatic Data Center, National Weather Service, the American Association of State Climatologists, the Regional Sciences and Assessment Program, and other NOAA Research Institutes.

!

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS): The purpose of the SNOTEL program is to provide western states with information on future water supply. NRCS collects and analyzes data on depth and water equivalent of the snowpack at more than 1800 mountain sites to estimate annual water availability, spring runoff and summer stream flow.

!

US Geological Survey, Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN): The Hydrologic Benchmark Network (HBN)

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REPORT: FY 2013-2015

consists of 37 watersheds that provide long-term measurements of streamflow and water quality in areas that are minimally affected by human activities. In 2011, measurements of aquatic biology and soil chemistry were added to the network. All of these data are used to study long-term trends in surface water flow, water chemistry, aquatic biology, and soil chemistry and as a benchmark against which to compare changes in flow and chemistry in developed watersheds. !

National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP): The 250 sites in the NADP precipitation chemistry network provide data on the amounts, trends, and geographic distributions of acids, nutrients, and base cations in precipitation to improve understanding of the causes and effects of acidic precipitation and other pollution.

Collections and Biodiversity Sagehen’s newly-digital and expanding biodiversity and collections data is made available to researchers through: !

Berkeley Initiative in Global Change Biology (BIGCB): BIGCB uses state-of-the-art tools and technologies to mobilize historic and modern biological data to understand how organisms and ecological systems have responded to past global change events. This will improve our forecasting of biological system response to future global change. ! Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF): GBIF is an international open data infrastructure, funded by governments. It allows anyone, anywhere to access data about all types of life on Earth, shared across national boundaries via the Internet. By encouraging and helping institutions to publish data according to common standards, GBIF enables research not possible before, and informs better decisions to conserve and sustainably use the biological resources of the planet. “Data from GBIF represent the greatest body of existing DAI on species occurrences, based on centuries’ worth of museum specimens, citizen science observations, surveys, literature and other sources. GBIF also has a vital role in sharing skills, software, tools and best practices for biodiversity data mobilization.”3

!

Symbiota/North American Network of Small Herbaria (NANSH): The Symbiota Software Project is working toward building a library of web tools to aid biologists in establishing specimen-based virtual floras and faunas. The effort typically needed in building a quality virtual flora/fauna is usually underestimated. NANSH is an open access data portal provided by Symbiota and intended to foster digitization of small collections and facilitate collaboration among institutions.

!

Consortium of California Herbaria (CCH): CCH serves as a gateway to information from California vascular plant specimens that are housed in participant herbaria. The database includes over 2 million specimen records from 35 institutions, all searchable through a single interface.

!

Calflora: The Calflora Database is a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing information about California plant biodiversity for use in Education, Research and Conservation.

!

iNaturalist: A living record of life on Earth that scientists and land managers use to monitor changes in

Carsten Meyer, Holger Kreft, Robert Guralnick, Walter Jetz, 2015. “Global priorities for an effective information basis of biodiversity distributions”. Nature Communications 6, Article number: 8221 doi:10.1038/ncomms9221 3

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

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biodiversity, and that anyone can use to learn more about nature. A California Academy of Sciences Citizen Science program. !

iDigBio: Through ADBC, data and images for millions of biological specimens are being made available in electronic format for the research community, government agencies, students, educators, and the general public.

!

Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS): Sagehen has provided bird-banding data to the Institute for Bird Populations every year since 1992.

As a rare metric of significance, the following chart demonstrates that Sagehen data in CCH is retrieved at a higher rate than our collection numbers would predict.

Image source: Erica Krimmel, 2015.

In addition to research resulting from publishing our collections and biodiversity data, historical data about Sagehen vegetation, small mammals, birds and American martin is being revisited locally and used to inform current research and forest management policy, a much larger significance than was envisioned in the original research (see the Sagehen Forest Project).

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REPORT: FY 2013-2015

The Future Moving forward, we intend to continue to integrate research, education and public service at Sagehen, and to work collaboratively on projects of broad regional, national and international interest. This includes an effort by PSW to create a groundbreaking 250,000-acre, landscape-scale Experimental Forest on the Tahoe National Forest. We are working with our local Forest Service office and PSW to ensure that the Truckee Ranger District, which includes Sagehen Creek, is the chosen site. We also intend to continue integrating arts and humanities into the planning stages of our projects in order to reach new audiences and capture the pattern-detecting ability of this alternate problem-solving paradigm. And most of all, we look forward to Sagehen’s next 50 years!

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

29 Bibliography

The following publications in FY2013-2015 resulted from Sagehen research, data, and collections (complete RIS bibliography available on our website): Theses !

Harms, Patrick Allen. “Distribution of Tritium in Precipitation and Surface Water in California.” Master of Science, California State University, East Bay, 2015. http://csueastbaydspace.calstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10211.3/137878/Patrick.Alan.HarmsThesis.pdf?sequence=1.

!

Krimmel, Erica. “Museum and Library Information Systems (MLIS) E-Portfolio.” Masters, San Jose State Univeristy, 2014. http://ericakrimmel.com/SLIS/eportfolio.html

Books & chapters !

Karban, Richard. Plant Sensing and Communication. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 2015.

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Fowler, Catherine, William L. Fox, Marvin Cohodas, and JoAnn Nevers. Tahoe: A Visual History. Edited by Anne M. Wolfe. Skira Rizzoli, 2015.

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Lassiter, Allison, ed. Sustainable Water: Challenges and Solutions from California. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2015.

!

Cerveny, Lee K., and Susan Charnley. “Public Use and Citizen Outreach at Experimental Forests and Ranges.” In USDA Forest Service Experimental Forests and Ranges, edited by Deborah C. Hayes, Susan L. Stout, Ralph H. Crawford, and Anne P. Hoover, 609–29. Springer New York, 2014. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-1818-4_26.

!

Jr, Melvin L. Warren, and Brooks M. Burr. Freshwater Fishes of North America: Petromyzontidae to Catostomidae. JHU Press, 2014.

!

Karban, Richard, Mikaela Huntzinger, and Ian S. Pearse. How to Do Ecology: A Concise Handbook. Princeton University Press, 2014 (new edition).

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Salcedo-Chourré, Tracy. Best Hikes Near Reno and Lake Tahoe. Rowman & Littlefield, 2014.

!

Fiedler, P.L. The Environmental Legacy of the UC Natural Reserve System. University of California Press, 2013.

Scientific publications (Journal articles/Conference papers/Technical reports) 1. Anderson, A. M., P. D. Micheletty, A. M. Kinoshita, and T. S. Hogue. “Application of the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System to Evaluate Water Budgets after Forest Fuel Management.” AGU Fall Meeting

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

30 Abstracts 51 (December 1, 2014): 0723.

2. Arismendi, I., M. Safeeq, S. L. Johnson, J.B. Dunham, and R. Haggerty. “Increasing Synchrony of High Temperature and Low Flow in Western North American Streams: Double Trouble for Coldwater Biota? - Springer.” Hydrobiologia 712, no. 1 (2013): 61–70. doi:10.1007/s10750-012-1327-2. 3. Baker, Beth. “Politicizing Science What Is the Role of Biologists in a Hyperpartisan World?” BioScience 64, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 171–77. doi:10.1093/biosci/biu002. 4. ———. “The Way Forward for Biological Field Stations Change Needed to Ensure Survival and Scientific Relevance.” BioScience 65, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 123–29. doi:10.1093/biosci/biu210. 5. Bathurst, James C. “Critical Conditions for Particle Motion in Coarse Bed Materials of Nonuniform Size Distribution.” Geomorphology 197 (September 1, 2013): 170–84. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.05.008. 6. Benson, Andrew, Matthew Zane, Timothy E. Becker, Ate Visser, Stephanie H. Uriostegui, Elizabeth DeRubeis, Jean E. Moran, Bradley K. Esser, and Jordan F. Clark. “Quantifying Reaeration Rates in Alpine Streams Using Deliberate Gas Tracer Experiments.” Water 6, no. 4 (April 22, 2014): 1013–27. doi:10.3390/w6041013. 7. Borer, Elizabeth T., W. Stanley Harpole, Peter B. Adler, Eric M. Lind, John L. Orrock, Eric W. Seabloom, and Melinda D. Smith. “Finding Generality in Ecology: A Model for Globally Distributed Experiments.” Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 65–73. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12125. 8. Borer, Elizabeth T., Eric W. Seabloom, Daniel S. Gruner, W. Stanley Harpole, Helmut Hillebrand, Eric M. Lind, Peter B. Adler, et al. “Herbivores and Nutrients Control Grassland Plant Diversity via Light Limitation.” Nature advance online publication (March 9, 2014). doi:10.1038/nature13144. 9. Branch, Carrie L., Dovid Y. Kozlovsky, and Vladimir V. Pravosudov. “Elevation-Related Differences in Female Mate Preference in Mountain Chickadees: Are Smart Chickadees Choosier?” Animal Behaviour 99 (January 2015): 89–94. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.10.021. 10. Branch, Carrie L., and Vladimir V. Pravosudov. “Mountain Chickadees from Different Elevations Sing Different Songs: Acoustic Adaptation, Temporal Drift or Signal of Local Adaptation?” Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 150019. doi:10.1098/rsos.150019. 11. Buchanan, Katherine L., Jennifer L. Grindstaff, and Vladimir V. Pravosudov. “Condition Dependence, Developmental Plasticity, and Cognition: Implications for Ecology and Evolution.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28, no. 5 (May 2013): 290–96. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2013.02.004. 12. Buckingham, David, Christian Skalka, and Josh Bongard. “Inductive Machine Learning for Improved Estimation of Catchment-Scale Snow Water Equivalent.” Journal of Hydrology 524 (May 2015): 311–25. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.02.042. 13. Campbell, Kurt F. “Vascular Flora and Vertebrate Fauna of Coastward Southern California (FFMaster CoSoCal),” 2014. http://naturalcommunity.org/NatCom_Docs/FFMasterCoSoCal11.0.1b.pdf. 14. Carrie L. Branch, Dovid Y. Kozlovsky. “Elevation Related Variation in Aggressive Response to Mirror Image in Mountain Chickadees.” Behaviour 152, no. 5 (2015). doi:10.1163/1568539X-00003248. 15. Chen, Qi. “Modeling Aboveground Tree Woody Biomass Using National-Scale Allometric Methods and Airborne Lidar.” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 106 (August 2015): 95–106. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.05.007.

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REPORT: FY 2013-2015

16. Chong, Stephen, Christian Skalka, and Jeffrey A. Vaughan. “Self-Identifying Data for Fair Use.” J. Data and Information Quality 5, no. 3 (March 2015): 11:1–11:30. doi:10.1145/2687422. 17. Cody A. Freas, Lara D. LaDage. “Elevation-Related Differences in Memory and the Hippocampus in Mountain Chickadees, Poecile Gambeli.” Animal Behaviour 84, no. 1 (2012): 121–27. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.04.018. 18. Croston, Rebecca, Carrie L. Branch, Dovid Y. Kozlovsky, Timothy C. Roth, Lara D. LaDage, Cody A. Freas, and Vladimir V. Pravosudov. “Potential Mechanisms Driving Population Variation in Spatial Memory and the Hippocampus in Food-Caching Chickadees.” Integrative and Comparative Biology, May 11, 2015, icv029. doi:10.1093/icb/icv029. 19. “Defining a Stream Restoration Body of Knowledge as a Basis for National Certification.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 140, no. 2 (2014): 123–36. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000814. 20. DellaSala, Dominick A., Monica L. Bond, Chad T. Hanson, Richard L. Hutto, and Dennis C. Odion. “Complex Early Seral Forests of the Sierra Nevada: What Are They and How Can They Be Managed for Ecological Integrity?” Natural Areas Journal 34, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 310–24. doi:10.3375/043.034.0317. 21. Drexler, Judith Z., Donna Knifong, JayLee Tuil, Lorraine E. Flint, and Alan L. Flint. “Fens as WholeEcosystem Gauges of Groundwater Recharge under Climate Change.” Journal of Hydrology 481 (February 25, 2013): 22–34. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.11.056. 22. Dupere, Jason. “Effects of Differing Forest Fire Management Techniques on Soil Properties,” 2013. http://sagehen.ucnrs.org/pubs/2009/DupereReport.pdf 23. Earman, Samuel B., Jordan Clark, Stephanie H. Urióstegui, Andrew Manning, and Don Pool. “Investigation of Methods of Potential Value to Monitor Groundwater Recharge in the Mountains of California.” DRI Desert Research Institute, 2014. http://www.dri.edu/dhs-research-themes/1958investigation-of-methods-of-potential-value-to-monitor-groundwater-recharge-in-the-mountains-ofcalifornia. 24. Fox, Rebecca A., Lara D. Ladage, Timothy C. Roth II, and Vladimir V. Pravosudov. “Behavioural Profile Predicts Dominance Status in Mountain Chickadees, Poecile Gambeli.” Animal Behaviour 77, no. 6 (June 2009): 1441–48. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.02.022. 25. Fraction, S. “Snowpack and Seasonal Low Flows in the Sierra Nevada: Climate Change and Water Availability in California,” 2013. 26. Abatzoglou, John T. “Development of Gridded Surface Meteorological Data for Ecological Applications and Modelling.” International Journal of Climatology 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 121–31. doi:10.1002/joc.3413. 27. Freas, C.A., K. Bingman, L.D. LaDage, and V.V. Pravosudov. “Untangling Elevation-Related Differences in the Hippocampus in Food-Caching Mountain Chickadees: The Effect of a Uniform Captive Environment.” Brain, Behavior and Evolution 82, no. 3 (2013): 199–209. 28. Freas, Cody A., Timothy C. Roth, Lara D. LaDage, and Vladimir V. Pravosudov. “Hippocampal Neuron Soma Size Is Associated with Population Differences in Winter Climate Severity in Food-Caching Chickadees.” Functional Ecology 27, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 1341–49. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12125. 29. Frisbee, Marty D, John L Wilson, Jesus D Gomez‐Velez, Fred M Phillips, and Andrew R Campbell. “Are

32

REPORT: FY 2013-2015 We Missing the Tail (and the Tale) of Residence Time Distributions in Watersheds?” Geophysical Research Letters, 2013. doi:10.1002/grl.50895.

30. Furnas, Brett J., and R. H. Barrett. “Comparisons of Intermediately Ranked Species in Avian RankAbundance Distributions from Four California Forests.” California Fish and Game 100, no. 3 (2014): 356– 70. 31. Garcia, E. S., and C. L. Tague. “Climate Regime and Soil Storage Capacity Interact to Effect Evapotranspiration in Western United States Mountain Catchments.” Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. 11, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 2277–2319. doi:10.5194/hessd-11-2277-2014. 32. ———. “Soil Storage Influences Climate–evapotranspiration Interactions in Three Western United States Catchments.” Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., no. 12 (August 14, 2015): 7893–7931. doi:10.5194/hessd-12-7893-2015. 33. Garcia, E., and C. Tague. “Comparison of Interannual Climate Variability and Soil Moisture Capacity as Controls of Evapotranspiration in Western U.S. Mountain Forests.” In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, 11:1154. Abstract #H11A-1154, 2013. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.H11A1154G. 34. Godsey, S. E., and J. W. Kirchner. “Dynamic, Discontinuous Stream Networks: Hydrologically Driven Variations in Active Drainage Density, Flowing Channels and Stream Order.” Hydrological Processes 28, no. 23 (November 15, 2014): 5791–5803. doi:10.1002/hyp.10310. 35. Godsey, S. E., J. W. Kirchner, and C. L. Tague. “Effects of Changes in Winter Snowpacks on Summer Low Flows: Case Studies in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA.” Hydrological Processes 28, no. 19 (September 15, 2014): 5048–64. doi:10.1002/hyp.9943. 36. Gonzalez, Patrick, John J. Battles, Brandon M. Collins, Timothy Robards, and David S. Saah. “Aboveground Live Carbon Stock Changes of California Wildland Ecosystems, 2001–2010.” Forest Ecology and Management 348 (July 15, 2015): 68–77. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.03.040. 37. Graening, G. O., Yana Shcherbanyuk, and Maryam Arghandiwal. “Annotated Checklist of the Diplura (Hexapoda: Entognatha) of California.” Zootaxa 3780, no. 2 (March 21, 2014): 297. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3780.2.5. 38. Guzha, A. C. “Modelling the Interaction of Surface and Subsurface Water Flow by Linking TOPMODEL and MODFLOW.” International Journal of Water 7, no. 3 (2013): 191–205. 39. Hautier, Yann, Eric W. Seabloom, Elizabeth T. Borer, Peter B. Adler, W. Stanley Harpole, Helmut Hillebrand, Eric M. Lind, et al. “Eutrophication Weakens Stabilizing Effects of Diversity in Natural Grasslands.” Nature advance online publication (February 16, 2014). doi:10.1038/nature13014. 40. Hedeff, I. Essaid, and Barry R. Hill. “Watershed-Scale Modeling of Streamflow Change in Incised Montane Meadows - Essaid - 2014 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library,” 2014. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013WR014420/full 41. Heinze, Jürgen, and Olav Rueppell. “The Frequency of Multi-Queen Colonies Increases with Altitude in a Nearctic Ant.” Ecological Entomology 39, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 527–29. doi:10.1111/een.12119. 42. Henson, Wesley R, Rose L Medina, C Justin Mayers, and R. S. Regan. “CRT—Cascade Routing Tool to Define and Visualize Flow Paths for Grid-Based Watershed Models.” USGS, 2013. http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6d2/

33

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

43. Hogue, T. S., A. M. Kinoshita, and J. Randell,. “A Mountain Watershed Hydrology Field Course: Experiential Learning in Hydrologic Concepts and Measurement Techniques.” In Abstract #ED21A0691, 2013. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED21A0691H 44. Isaak, D.J., and B.E. Rieman. “Stream Isotherm Shifts from Climate Change and Implications for Distributions of Ectothermic Organisms.” Global Change Biology 19, no. 3 (2013): 742–51. 45. Karban, Richard, Kaori Shiojiri, Satomi Ishizaki, William C. Wetzel, and Richard Y. Evans. “Kin Recognition Affects Plant Communication and Defence.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1756 (April 7, 2013): 20123062. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.3062. 46. Karban, Richard, William C. Wetzel, Kaori Shiojiri, Satomi Ishizaki, Santiago R. Ramirez, and Wallis James D. Blande. “Deciphering the Language of Plant Communication: Volatile Chemotypes of Sagebrush.” New Phytologist 204, no. 2 (2014). doi:10.1111/nph.12887. 47. KIMBROUGH, Allison J, Alexander G WOOD, Kyle MOULTON, Gary L RAINES, Daniel N LIVSEY, and Arthur G SYLVESTER. “GEOMORPHOLOGY AND GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF SAGEHEN VALLEY, TRUCKEE, CALIFORNIA.” In Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 45:0, 2013. 48. Kozlovsky, Dovid, Carrie Branch, Cody A. Freas, and Vladimir V. Pravosudov. “Elevation-Related Differences in Novel Environment Exploration and Social Dominance in Food-Caching Mountain Chickadees.” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 68, no. 11 (August 23, 2014): 1871–81. doi:10.1007/s00265-014-1796-6. 49. Kozlovsky, Dovid Y., Carrie L. Branch, and Vladimir V. Pravosudov. “Elevation-Related Differences in Parental Risk-Taking Behavior Are Associated with Cognitive Variation in Mountain Chickadees.” Ethology 121, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 383–94. doi:10.1111/eth.12350. 50. ———. “Problem-Solving Ability and Response to Novelty in Mountain Chickadees (Poecile Gambeli) from Different Elevations.” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 69, no. 4 (February 17, 2015): 635–43. doi:10.1007/s00265-015-1874-4. 51. Krimmel, Erica. “Collections Activity Report.” Sagehen Basin and North Fork, American River: UC Berkeley, Sagehen Creek Field Station, 2014. http://sagehen.ucnrs.org/Documents/collections/Collections%20Activity%20Report-2014.pdf. 52. Lind, Eric M., Elizabeth Borer, Eric Seabloom, Peter Adler, Jonathan D. Bakker, Dana M. Blumenthal, Mick Crawley, et al. “Life-History Constraints in Grassland Plant Species: A Growth-Defence Trade-off Is the Norm.” Ecology Letters 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 513–21. doi:10.1111/ele.12078. 53. Long, Jonathan W. “Science Synthesis to Support Socioecological Resilience in the Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascade Range. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-247.” General Technical Report. US Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2014. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr247/ 54. Mariusz Kanturski, Karina Wieczorek. “A New Species of the Nearctic Gall-Forming Genus Tamalia Baker (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Tamaliinae).” Zootaxa 3926, no. 2 (March 2015): 268–78. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3926.2.7. 55. Mast, M Alisa. “Evaluation of Stream Chemistry Trends in US Geological Survey Reference Watersheds, 1970–2010.” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, no. 185 (2013): 3256. doi:10.1007/s10661-0133256-6.

34

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

56. McKean, Jim, and Daniele Tonina. “Bed Stability in Unconfined Gravel‐bed Mountain Streams: With Implications for Salmon Spawning Viability in Future Climates.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2013. 57. Niswonger, R.G., D. Rassam, and D.E. Prudic. “Assessing Water Resources Using a New Hydrologic Model,” 2013. http://www.mssanz.org.au/MODSIM07/papers/23_s31/AssessingWater_s31_Richard_.pdf 58. Obrist, Daniel, Ashok K. Pokharel, and Christopher Moore. “Vertical Profile Measurements of Soil Air Suggest Immobilization of Gaseous Elemental Mercury in Mineral Soil.” Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 4 (February 18, 2014): 2242–52. doi:10.1021/es4048297. 59. Patel, S. B., P. L. Patel, and P. D. Porey. “Fractional Bed Load Transport Model for Nonuniform Unimodal and Bimodal Sediments.” Journal of Hydro-Environment Research 9, no. 1 (March 2015): 104–19. doi:10.1016/j.jher.2014.07.003. 60. Pearse, Ian S., Kathy Hughes, Kaori Shiojiri, Satomi Ishizaki, and Richard Karban. “Interplant Volatile Signaling in Willows: Revisiting the Original Talking Trees.” Oecologia 172, no. 3 (April 11, 2013): 869–75. doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2610-2. 61. Pearson, C., R. Schumer, B. D. Trustman, K. Rittger, D. W. Johnson, and D. Obrist. “Nutrient and Mercury Deposition and Storage in an Alpine Snowpack of the Sierra Nevada, USA.” Biogeosciences Discuss. 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 593–636. doi:10.5194/bgd-12-593-2015. 62. Peck, Stewart B., and Joyce Cook. “0310. Systematics and Distributions of the Genera Cyrtusa Erichson, Ecarinosphaerula Hatch, Isoplastus Horn, Liocyrtusa Daffner, Lionothus Brown, and Zeadolopus Broun of the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Leiodinae: Leiodini).” Insecta Mundi 2013, no. 0310–13 (June 28, 2013): 1–32. 63. Peck, Stewart, and Joyce Cook. “Systematics and Distributions of the Genera Cyrtusa Erichson, Ecarinosphaerula Hatch, Isoplastus Horn, Liocyrtusa Daffner, Lionothus Brown, and Zeadolopus Broun of the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Leiodinae: Leiodini).” Insecta Mundi, June 28, 2013. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/815. 64. Penczak, Tadeusz. “Despite Anthropogenic Disturbance and Moderate Climate Changes Fish Density and Biomass Fluctuated Non Directionally in a Small Stream.” Journal of Limnology 73, no. AoP (November 10, 2014). doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2014.1079. 65. PORCUPINE, C., V. Johnson, J. Harris, and H. Shellhammer. “California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System,” 2013. http://www.cserc.org/main/news/news_briefs/porcupine_life_history.pdf 66. Prancevic, Jeff P., and Michael P. Lamb. “Particle Friction Angles in Steep Mountain Channels.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 120, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 2014JF003286. doi:10.1002/2014JF003286. 67. Pravosudov, Vladimir V., and Nicola S. Clayton. “Effects of Demanding Foraging Conditions on Cache Retrieval Accuracy in Food-Caching Mountain Chickadees (Poecile Gambeli).” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 268, no. 1465 (February 22, 2001): 363–68. doi:10.1098/rspb.2000.1401. 68. Pravosudov, Vladimir V., Alexander S. Kitaysky, John C. Wingfield, and Nicola S. Clayton. “Long-Term Unpredictable Foraging Conditions and Physiological Stress Response in Mountain Chickadees (Poecile Gambeli).” General and Comparative Endocrinology 123, no. 3 (September 2001): 324–31.

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

35 doi:10.1006/gcen.2001.7684.

69. Pravosudov, Vladimir V, Sally P Mendoza, and Nicola S Clayton. “The Relationship between Dominance, Corticosterone, Memory, and Food Caching in Mountain Chickadees (Poecile Gambeli).” Hormones and Behavior 44, no. 2 (August 2003): 93–102. doi:10.1016/S0018-506X(03)001193. 70. Pravosudov, Vladimir V., and Timothy C. Roth II. “Cognitive Ecology of Food Hoarding: The Evolution of Spatial Memory and the Hippocampus.” Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 44, no. 1 (2013): 173–93. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110512-135904. 71. “Predicting Invasion in Grassland Ecosystems: Is Exotic Dominance the Real Embarrassment of Richness? - Seabloom - 2013 - Global Change Biology - Wiley Online Library.” Global Change Biology 19, no. 12 (December 2013): 3677–87. 72. Randolph, Terry. “Wild and Scenic Rivers Study Report and Draft Environmental Impact Statement.” USDA Forest Service, 2013. http://sagehen.ucnrs.org/Documents/planning/Forest_Service/wildscenic.pdf 73. Rapacciuolo, Giovanni, Sean P. Maher, Adam C. Schneider, Talisin T. Hammond, Meredith D. Jabis, Rachel E. Walsh, Kelly J. Iknayan, et al. “Beyond a Warming Fingerprint: Individualistic Biogeographic Responses to Heterogeneous Climate Change in California.” Global Change Biology, June 1, 2014, n/a – n/a. doi:10.1111/gcb.12638. 74. Raphael, Martin G., G. A. Falxa, D. A. Airola., P.A. Stine, and R. D. Harris. “Breeding Bird Populations during Fifty Years of Post-Fire Succession in the Sierra Nevada.” San Diego, CA, 2014. https://www.westernfieldornithologists.org/docs/2014/2014_WFO-Science_Program-FINAL.pdf 75. Rosa, Paolo, and Hege Vårdal. “An Annotated Catalogue of the Types of Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, with Brief Historical Notes.” ZooKeys, no. 495 (April 8, 2015): 79–132. doi:10.3897/zookeys.495.9356. 76. Schubel, Jerry. “Enhancing the Value and Sustainability of Field Stations and Marine Laboratories in the 21st Century.” National Academy of Sciences-Division on Earth and Life Studies, 2014. http://dels.nas.edu/Report/Report/18806 77. Segura, C., D. Lazzati, and A. Sankarasubramanian. “The Use of Broken Power-Laws to Describe the Distributions of Daily Flow above the Mean Annual Flow across the Conterminous US.” Journal of Hydrology, 2013. 78. Sims, Steven R., and Arthur M. Shapiro. “Interspecific Variation in Size, Diapause Intensity, and Moisture Responses of First-Instar Speyeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Larvae.” Annals of the Entomological Society of America 107, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 163–69. doi:10.1603/AN13099. 79. Skalka, C., and J. Frolik. “Snowcloud: A Complete Data Gathering System for Snow Hydrology Research.” Lago di Como, Italy, 2013. http://www.cems.uvm.edu/~ceskalka/skalka-pubs/skalka-frolikrealwsn13.pdf 80. Skalka, Christian, and Jeffrey Frolik. “Snowcloud: A Complete Data Gathering System for Snow Hydrology Research.” In Real-World Wireless Sensor Networks, edited by Koen Langendoen, Wen Hu, Federico Ferrari, Marco Zimmerling, and Luca Mottola, 3–14. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 281. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-030715_1

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

36

81. Skalka, Christian, Jeff Frolik, and Beverley Wemple. “A DISTRIBUTED IN SITU SYSTEM FOR SNOW WATER EQUIVALENCE MEASUREMENT (WORK IN PROGRESS),” 2013. http://www.cs.uvm.edu/~ceskalka/skalkapubs/skalka-etal-issw08.pdf 82. Sterle, K. M., J. R. McConnell, J. Dozier, R. Edwards, and M. G. Flanner. “Retention and Radiative Forcing of Black Carbon in Eastern Sierra Nevada Snow.” The Cryosphere 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 365–74. doi:10.5194/tc-7-365-2013. 83. Sulger, Elisabeth, Nola McAloon, Susan J. Bulova, Joseph Sapp, and Sean O’Donnell. “Evidence for Adaptive Brain Tissue Reduction in Obligate Social Parasites (Polyergus Mexicanus) Relative to Their Hosts (Formica Fusca).” Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 113, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 415–22. doi:10.1111/bij.12375. 84. Tague, Christina, and Hui Peng. “The Sensitivity of Forest Water Use to the Timing of Precipitation and Snowmelt Recharge in the California Sierra: Implications for a Warming Climate.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 118 (2013): 875–87. doi:10.1002/jgrg.20073, 2013. 85. Trager, J. C. “Global Revision of the Dulotic Ant Genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini) - ResearchGate.” Zootaxa, no. 3722 (2013): 501–48. 86. Uriostegui, Stephanie H. “QUANTIFYING SEASONAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN SNOW-DOMINATED BASINS IN THE SIERRA NEVADA USING COSMOGENIC S-35,” Vol. Paper No. 309–19. Vancouver, B.C., 2014. https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2014AM/finalprogram/abstract_249065.htm 87. USGS GSFLOW Software, 2013. http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/gsflow/gsflow.html 88. Vallejo, C. A. “2012 Annual Report on the Monitoring of Aquatic Management Indicator Species (MIS) in the National Forests of the Sierra Nevada Province: 2009-2012,” 2013. 89. Verner, Jared, and Allan S. technical coordinators Boss. “California Wildlife and Their Habitats: Western Sierra Nevada” 037 (2014). http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/27514 90. Way, Jonathan G. “Taxonomic Implications of Morphological and Genetic Differences in Northeastern Coyotes (Coywolves)(Canis Latrans× C. Lycaon), Western Coyotes (C. Latrans), and Eastern Wolves (C. Lycaon or C. Lupus Lycaon).” The Canadian Field-Naturalist 127, no. 1 (2013): 1–16. 91. X. Fain, D. Helmig. “Mercury Dynamics in the Rocky Mountain, Colorado, Snowpack.” Biogeosciences 10, no. 11 (2013): 3793– 3807. doi:10.5194/bgd-9-15423-2012. 92. Zielinski, William J., Katie M. Moriarty, Jim Baldwin, Thomas A. Kirk, Keith M. Slauson, Heather L. Rustigian-Romsos, and Wayne D. Spencer. “Effects of Season on Occupancy and Implications for Habitat Modeling: The Pacific Marten Martes Caurina.” Wildlife Biology 21, no. 2 (March 2015): 56–67. doi:10.2981/wlb.00077.

Popular press highlights Including articles in The New Yorker, Wired Magazine, Discover Magazine,

37

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

Daily Mail, Psychology Today, ArchDaily, Orion Magazine, and other significant media outlets. !

“‘Barn’ Covered in Mirrors Makes It near-Invisible in California Woods.” Mail Online, July 20, 2015. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3168351/Mirror-mirror-wall-Barn-covered-completely-reflectiveglass-makes-invisible-California-woodland.html

!

“Designers Explain Concept behind Sagehen Creek’s Invisible Barn.” Mail Online, July 20, 2015. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/video/news/video-1200482/Designers-explain-concept-Sagehen-CreeksInvisible-Barn.html

!

“Experimental Forests Could Lessen Toll of Wildfires.” LiveScience.com, 2013. http://www.livescience.com/39693-experimental-forests-could-less-wildfire-toll.html

!

“Tracking a Wolverine Through the American West | DiscoverMagazine.com.” Discover Magazine, 2014. http://discovermagazine.com/2014/march/15-tracking-a-wolverine-through-the-american-west

!

“Plants Do Communicate—and Kin Relationship Has a Bearing,” Phys.org, February 14, 2013. http://phys.org/news/2013-02-communicateand-kin-relationship.html

!

Pollan, Michael. “The Intelligent Plant.” The New Yorker, December 23, 2013. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/12/23/131223fa_fact_pollan

!

“How Plants Secretly Talk to Each Other.” WIRED, December 20, 2013. http://www.wired.com/2013/12/secret-language-of-plants/

!

Hulac, Benjamin. “Lake Tahoe’s Clarity Improves, but Fires, Invasive Species, Erosion Remain Severe Threats.” Climate Wire, September 12, 2014. http://www.eenews.net/climatewire/stories/1060005712/search?keyword=jeff+brown

!

Hasle, Jahlela. “Cutthroat Trout and Carnivorous Plants: Exploring Sagehen Creek Field Station | The Student Blog.” PLOS Blogs, August 2013. http://blogs.plos.org/thestudentblog/2013/08/30/cutthroat-troutand-carnivorous-plants-exploring-sagehen-creek-field-station/

!

“Invisible Barn / Stpmj.” ArchDaily, July 16, 2015. http://www.archdaily.com/770303/invisible-barn-stpmj

!

“‘Invisible’ Barn Melts into the Forest to Reflect Its Setting.” New Scientist, July 10, 2015. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn27882-invisible-barn-melts-into-the-forest-to-reflect-its-setting.html

!

McGowan, Kat. “The Secret Language of Plants.” Quanta Magazine, December 16, 2013. https://www.quantamagazine.org/20131216-the-secret-language-of-plants/

!

“Orion Magazine | Postcard from the Nevada Museum of Art #3.” Orion Magazine, 2014. https://orionmagazine.org/2014/12/postcard-from-the-nevada-museum-of-art-3/

!

Felix, Faerthen. “Art at Field Stations and Marine Labs: #ArtSciConverge: NSF Workshop in Reno, NV - June 19-21, 2015.” Art at Field Stations and Marine Labs, July 15, 2015. http://fsmlart.blogspot.com/2015/07/artsciconverge-nsf-workshop-in-reno-nv.html

!

———. “Why Art at NRS Reserves? | UCNRS.” Natural Reserve System News, 2014. http://www.ucnrs.org/reserves/sagehen-creek-field-station/art-nrs-reserves.html

!

Graham, Rex. “Ornithologists Discover Why Wilson’s Warbler Sub-Species Vanishing - Birdsnews.com,” 2014. https://birdsnews.com/2013/1276/#.UoUE2aXCHRo

38

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

!

Guy, Ann Brody. “The New Naturalists: UC’s California Naturalist Program Is Integrating Citizen Science into Conservation.” Breakthroughs, 2013. http://nature.berkeley.edu/breakthroughs/fa13/the-newnaturalists

!

Horn, Amanda. “Art, Science Converge to Foster New Perspectives.” Reno Gazette-Journal, June 19, 2015. http://www.rgj.com/story/life/arts/2015/06/24/art-science-converge-foster-newperspectives/29244241/

!

“Hummingbirds Dive to Sing with Their Tails.” Not Exactly Rocket Science | Discover Magazine, 2013. http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2011/09/08/hummingbirds-dive-to-sing-with-theirtails/

!

“Ilusión óptica: Descubre Este Establo ‘invisible’ En California.” Elcomercio.pe, August 1, 2015. http://elcomercio.pe/casa-y-mas/arquitectura/ilusion-optica-descubre-este-establo-invisible-californianoticia-1827990/1

!

“iNaturalists at Sagehen Creek.” Truckee River Guide, February 9, 2015. http://truckeeriverguide.org/inaturalists-at-sagehen-creek-2/

!

“Invisible Barn by STPMJ.” iGNANT, 2014. http://www.ignant.de/2014/05/30/invisible-barn-by-stpmj/

!

“Invisible Barn Is a Mirror-Clad Cabin Camouflaged among Trees.” Dezeen, July 24, 2015. http://www.dezeen.com/2015/07/24/stpmj-invisible-barn-mirror-clad-cabin-camouflaged-among-treescalifornia-forest/

!

Vagner, Kris. “Natural Art World - Arts & Culture - Arts&Culture - March 26, 2015.” Reno News & Review, March 26, 2015. https://www.newsreview.com/reno/natural-art-world/content?oid=16598912

!

newsaiann. “Invisible Barn-An Architectural Folly Merging Into Nature.” AIANN News & Notes, July 2015. https://newsaiann.wordpress.com/2015/06/03/invisible-barn-an-architectural-folly-merging-into-nature/

!

“Rick Karban’s New Book on Plant Communication: ‘Landmark in Its Field.’” ANR Blogs, July 22, 2015. http://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=18412

!

Shimamura, Arthur. “Experiencing Art: It’s Not Just for Art’s Sake.” Psychology Today, July 12, 2015. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-the-brain-the-beholder/201507/experiencing-art-its-not-justarts-sake

!

“Sierra Scientists Study Deer Migration North of Truckee - The Orange County Register,” August 11, 2015. http://www.ocregister.com/articles/deer-676935-sierra-data.html

!

Swanson, Fred. “Arts and Humanities Flourishing at LTER Sites.” LTER Network News, July 5, 2015. http://news.lternet.edu/Article3217.html?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=! newsletter_name&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=!newsletter_name

!

Wong, Kathleen. “Invisible Barn Materializes” - Natural Reserve System News, July 1, 2015. http://www.ucnrs.org/invisible-barn-materializes.html

!

Zipkin, Janet. “Nature Lovers Using Smart Phones to Document Sierra Nevada Biodiversity | SierraSun.com.” News. SierraSun.com, June 30, 2015. http://www.sierrasun.com/news/environment/17003005-113/nature-lovers-using-smart-phones-todocument-sierra

39

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

!

———. “RELEASE: Join BioBlitz 2015 | Moonshine Ink,” June 26, 2015. http://moonshineink.com/mountainlife/release-join-bioblitz-2015

!

American Institute of Architecture-Northern Nevada chapter (AIANN) Quarterly Newsletter,” July 2015. http://us8.campaign-archive1.com/?u=dd27735e9deaf9a6573f7afc5&id=b088cd8867&e=8bffcec7d6

40 Appendices: financials, use statistics

REPORT: FY 2013-2015

FY2013-­‐2014

UC  Home Users UDs

CA   CSU   Comm   UC  Other System College Users UDs Users UDs Users UDs

Other   CA   College Users UDs

Out  of   State   College Users UDs

Internat ional   Universi ty Users UDs Gover nment Users UDs

NGO/N on-­‐ Profit Users UDs

Profit   Business Users UDs

K-­‐12   School Other Users UDs Users UDs

0 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 0 6

Total Users

UDs

52 737 614 36 1875 302 1264 30 342 5252

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 96 96

1 11 19 13 36 22 13 14 12 141

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8

0 0 2 0 8 0 2 0 0 12

0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 505 0 0 365 282 270 0 0 1422

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 2 0 0 1 18 2 0 0 23

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 747 0 0 2 368 0 0 0 0 7 1115

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

0 0 5 24 9 157 12 24 25 25 0 0 3 12 11 22 0 0 65 264

0 0 4 208 8 455 1 12 0 0 1 9 4 607 1 2 1 61 20 1354

52 0 0 0 730 8 0 6 185 981

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 2 2 0 2 3 10

UNIVERSITY-­‐  LEVEL  RESEARCH College  Class  Instructor Faculty Graduate  Student  Researcher Other Professional Research  Assistant  -­‐  Non  Academic Research  Scientist/Post  Doc Undergraduate  Student  Researcher Volunteer SUBTOTAL

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

66 27 639 78 22 16 170 1018

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

33 5 92 11 4 1 29 175

0 0 0 0 0 0 42 42

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7

0 3 42 0 0 0 0 45

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 14 0 0 0 0 15

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 6 30 0 0 0 0 36

0 0 0 0 0 0 120 120

0 2 15 0 0 0 0 17

0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

33 66 1 16 24 489 1 22 1 16 1 16 1 2 62 627

0 2 78 2 6 0 0 88

0 0 0 54 0 0 6 60

0 1 39 1 3 0 0 44

0 0 0 9 0 0 1 10

UNIVERSITY  -­‐  LEVEL  INSTRUCTION  (CLASS) College  Class  Graduate  Student College  Class  Instructor College  Class  Undergraduate  Student Faculty Graduate  Student  Researcher Other Professional SUBTOTAL

78 1 57 37 274 1669 1152 327 3 77 3675

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

26 1 27 14 21 354 160 81 1 92 777

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 149 1017 23 73 0 0 87 65 260 1156

0 0 0 0 0 46 0 145 0 6 197

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 146 311 1203 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 324 1349

0 0 0 0 0 23 0 42 0 3 68

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58 0 0 58

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 12

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 50 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 60

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 25 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 30

26 78 0 0 1 3 9 27 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 3 0 0 38 114

0 0 1 0 8 20 8 4 0 2 43

0 0 4 0 128 420 128 51 0 6 737

PUBLIC College  Class  Graduate  Student Docent Faculty Graduate  Student  Researcher K-­‐12  Instructor K-­‐12  Student Other Professional Research  Scientist/Post  Doc Volunteer SUBTOTAL

0 0 0 4 0 4

26 22 32 6 12 98

0 0 0 2 0 2

13 11 11 3 4 42

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

332 1445

266 1168

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

13 0 0 0 0 13

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0

26 0 0 0 0 26

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 0 0 12

0 0 0 0 12 12

0 0 30 2 0 32

0 0 0 0 4 4

0 0 10 1 0 11

50

0 22 2 0 0 24

HOUSING College  Class  Instructor College  Class  Undergraduate  Student Graduate  Student  Researcher Research  Scientist/Post  Doc Volunteer SUBTOTAL

11

10043

1619

1135

91

45

39 1293

15

5

39

1

18

177 1029

107 1528

12

74 1810

4

TOTAL

0 0 4 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12

0 0 0 0 0 40 0 40

0 0 0 0 0 240 0 240

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 5 508 0 0 12 156 0 0 20 424 10 286 2 274 0 0 6 6 55 1654

0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 28

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 183 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 183

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 9

Profit   Busine K-­‐12   ss Other Total School Users UDs Users UDs Users UDs Users UDs

0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 4

NGO/N on-­‐ Profit Users UDs

0 0 1 2 5 395 12 815 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 17 1138 0 0 3 19 40 2376

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2

Internat ional   Universi Govern ty ment Users UDs Users UDs

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 76 2 0 0 0 4 83

0 0 0 0 0 30 18 3 3 66 120

Out  of   State   College Users UDs

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 43 1 0 0 0 1 46

0 0 0 0 0 30 14 1 1 4 50

CA   Other   Comm   CA   CSU   College College System Users UDs Users UDs Users UDs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15

UC  Other Users UDs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15

UC  Home Users UDs 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 4

3 60 0 0 0 0 0 63

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

FY2014-­‐2015

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2

1 20 0 0 0 0 0 21

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 2 1 0 4

3 10 971 1073 339 37 1918 308 1829 214 375 7077

3 5 44 119 0 23 28 3 35 173 0 433

1 10 0 0 0 0 0 11

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 3 26 40 42 11 53 17 31 36 10 270

1 1 8 11 0 6 28 1 6 34 0 96

1 10 0 0 0 0 0 11

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 4 0 0 12 0 0 3 0 0 19

0 0 1 3 4 15 16 131 0 0 1 2 2 733 3 9 2 14 1 38 1 350 31 1295

20 180 0 96 20 2 0 318

1 0 0 0 0 10 1 0 0 0 12

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 733 0 0 1 365 0 0 0 0 4 1098

UNIVERSITY-­‐  LEVEL  RESEARCH College  Class  Graduate  Student College  Class  Instructor Faculty Graduate  Student  Researcher K-­‐12  Student Other Professional Research  Assistant  -­‐  Non  Academic Research  Scientist/Post  Doc Undergraduate  Student  Researcher Volunteer SUBTOTAL

1 9 0 39 1 1 0 51

1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

25 364 4 96 20 248 4 761

0 38 2 0 0 6 0 46

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 101 2 39 1 42 1 190

0 19 1 0 0 1 0 21

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

102 252

1447 11787

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

UNIVERSITY  -­‐  LEVEL  INSTRUCTION  (CLASS) College  Class  Instructor College  Class  Undergraduate  Student Faculty Graduate  Student  Researcher Other Professional Research  Assistant  -­‐  Non  Academic SUBTOTAL

22 9 20 10 32 17 2 1 0 0 113

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

709 2666

23 46 58 382 2338 753 26 4 4 98 3732

6 8 5 2 16 1 1 1 0 0 40

0 0 11 4 1 0 16

31

7 29 11 16 689 117 20 2 2 33 926

0 22 13 52 160 477 2 0 1 4 731

0 0 1 1 1 0 3

3

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 59 187 2 3 0 0 0 0 27 27 89 225

0 6 1 2 10 22 2 0 1 1 45

6 0 0 0 0 38 44

57 1658

0 0 0 0 5 25 11 312 663 2146 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 679 2483

PUBLIC College  Class  Instructor Faculty Graduate  Student  Researcher K-­‐12  Instructor K-­‐12  Student Other Professional Research  Assistant  -­‐  Non  Academic Research  Scientist/Post  Doc Volunteer SUBTOTAL

3 0 0 0 0 1 4

97 1474

6 127 33 8 5 38 217

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

71

3 43 8 3 3 1 61

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

21

0 0 2 4 2 0 8

0 0 0 0 2 0 2

87 2460

0 0 0 0 1 0 1

2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

75

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

24

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15

0 1 20 0 0 0 21

13

0 1 6 0 0 0 7

885

0 126 0 0 0 0 126

194

0 42 0 0 0 0 42

139 2198

HOUSING Faculty Graduate  Student  Researcher Other Professional Research  Scientist/Post  Doc Volunteer SUBTOTAL TOTAL