ELCOME Appropriate Infrastructures for Prosperous Rural Nepal: Rural Towns Presenter: Er Bhim Upadhyaya 1
Economics of Beingg Poor "Most of the world's poor people earn their h i li living i from f agriculture, so if we knew the economics of agriculture we would know much of the economics of being poor. poor " - Theodore W Schultz Nobel Laureate (1980) 2
g]kfnsf r'gf}tLx?
@@=^^ s/f8 s/f]8 hgtf $% xhf/ ufp / u|fdL0f If]qdf @=@% s/f]8 hgtf -*^ k| z_ . *) nfv hgtf ul/ljsf] /]vf d'lg . @% jif{d'lgsf !=% ! % s/f]8 o'j' f -^) ^ k|z_ $% nfv -@) k|z_ o'jf !% b]lv @% jif{ leqsf . $% nfv o'ojf jf a/fhuf/ a]/f]huf/ . ufpdf ahf/sf] kx"+r / ahf/ cy{tGq ljsl;t x'g ;s]g .
ljsf;sf] cr" crs zqq ljsf;sf s z' æcflys æcfly{ s ljsf;sf ljsf;sf] kmn, kmn lzlIft hgtf hxf a:5g\\ Toxf v:5, g sL hxf tL sfd u5{g . olb xfdL uf+p ;d[4 xf];\ eGg] rfxG5f} eg] xfdLn] lzlIft dflg; ufpdf xfdLn uf+pdf a:g k|k]l/t ug ug{ ;Sg'' kb{5 .Æ –k|f] 8f= kL= eL= OGb|;]g ef/tsf ;k| ;'k|lz4 ljsf;b|i6f Pj+ Pj bfzlgs, bfz{lgs, cfO cfO{ cfO{ cfO 6L db|f; k"j{lgb]4{zs
u|fdL0f If]qdf ;x/L ;'ljwfsf Joj:yf -k'/f_ b"/;+rf/ •
a[Q ;8s /]n ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/ uf]bfd s[lif pBf]u ahf/ :yn c:ktfn ;''Id phf{zlQm s]Gb| ;xsf/L pTkfbg dfs]{l6+u ljBfno e"pku|xsf lrqx?sf] pkof]uM hdLg / afnL Joj:yfksf lglDt hn Joj:yfkgsf lglDt ag Joj:yfkgsf lglDt jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf lglDt ;lqmo :jf:Yo x]/rf/sf lglDt cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf lglDt
ef}l} ts kx"r
cfly{s kx"+r
•
OOG6/g] 6/g66
•
O{ zf;g
•
b"b// lrlsT;f
•
b"/ lzIff
cfWoflTds kx"+r
j'l4dfg gful/s g}}ltsjfg g]t] [Tj
b]bzsf zsf ;j} ;j ufpnfO{ ufpnfO hf]8\g] kSsL ;8s;lxt sl/a l @%) @% k'/f k|f]h]S6 ;DkGg ug'{kg]{ . 5
a[ Q fsf/ ;8ssf] ul0ft !) lsld ^ lsld ld
a[Qfsf/ ;x/ a[[Qsf] rf}8fO{ @ lsld j[Qfsf/ ;8ssf] nDjfO{ #) lsld
cfoftfsf/ u|L8 nDjfO{ !) lsld / rf}8fO{ ^ lsld ;8sx?sf] cGt/fn @ lsld @ lsld
d"Vo ;8ssf] cfjZos nDjfO{ ^) lsld b'j} k|f?ksf of]hgfdf plQg} ;x/L If]qkmn 5, ghlssf] /fhdfu{af6 plQg}} b"/Ldf 5g t/ ;8ssf] nDjfO{ eg] cfwf x'G5 .
lelq hldg s[lifsf lglDt dfq 5'6\6ofOPsf]]
@ lsld l l
#) lsldsf] kl/lwo'Qm ;8s
ef}lts kx"r a;
ef}lts kx""+r t]neg]{ :6];g
dfWod
kmfObfx?
l/u l/+u /f8 /f]8
dflg; / ;fdfu|Lsf] cfjfthfjtnfO{ ;dy{ kf5{ .
/]n ;fjhlgs ;fj{hlgs k"kjf{ jfw/ w/ /]nj] g]6js{
/f]k, s]an sf/
k|fylds :jf:y s]Gb| Power
oftfoft
ljBfno / :jf:YO s]Gb|sf] kxr+ kx" rn nfO fO{ l;' l;wf/ wf/ u5 u5{ . kfgL, ljB'tLo zlQm / ;+rf/ g]6js{df x'g] nufgLnfO{ Go'gLs/0f L u5{{ .
ljBfno
7"nf ;x/tkm{ hfg] ;8s
On]S6|f]lgs kx"+r
a|f]8 Jof08, kmfO{a/ clK6s, e"pku|x, tf//lxt, lnh nfOg
e"pku|x ;Dks epku| ;Dks{ jfo/n]; kx"+r kmfOa/ kx"+r nLhnfO{ L g{ kx"r +
k'/f len]h s]Gb| klAns sn clkm; kL;Lcf]
O{ Aofls+u ls;fg tyf ufpn]sf lglDt P 6L Pd s]Gb|
u|fdL dL0ff OG6/g] O 6/g66 s] sGb| O{ zf;gdf kx"r O{ dfs]{6df kx"+r v]ltkftLsf nflu b"/k|lzIf0f
1fgsf] kx"r
u|fdL0f hLjgnfO{ 1fg;dy{ agfpg 1fg pGd"v /0fgLlts pkfud b"/ lzIff
b"/ lrlsT;f k|f]PS6Le :jf:Yo x]/.rf/
ljBfyL{, ls;fg / >ldsnfO{ lzlIft agfp Jof;flos of;flos k|lzIf0f zIf f e"pku|xsf] lrq
h}ljs 7f]; kbfy{ k'gMk|;f]wg hdLg afnL Joj:yfkg
1fg k|lzIf0f e"pku|xsf] lrqsf] k|of]u hdLg / v] vlt lt Joj:yfkgsf nflu kfgL Joj:yfkgsf nflu ag Joj:yfkgsf nflu :jf:Yo x]/rf/sf nflu ;xsf/L ptkfbg ahf/Ls/0fsf
hn, ag, aftfj/0f Joj:yfkg
kmntM cfly{s kx"+r a; ;f]nf/ phf{
cfly{s kx"+r
;fgf pBf]u s[lif pBf]]u uf]bfd dfOs|f] kfj/ s]]Gb| gjLs/0fLo phf{ u|fdL0f L ahf/ s]]Gb| jfo'zlQm
s[lif pBf]u
Power
oftfoft
uf]bfd
afof]Uof;
10
ghLssf] 7"nf] ;x/tkm{
g]kfnsf u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ l ljsf; cfof]h ] gfsf]] ef}u} ]flns l ljt/0f l
tyflk u|fdL0f g]kfnsf] cj:yf bogLo 5 .
11
ljZj cGg pTkfbgM pGgt k|ljlw xl/tqmflGt4f/f art ePsf] hdLg ;g\ ;g\ !(%) b]lv @)))_ !,*))
cGg pTkfbg ;g\ !(% !(%) ^% ^%) ldlnog 6g ;g\\ @))) !()) ldlnog 6g ;g
arg hdLg !=! ca{ x]S6/
!,)))
ldlnog x]S66/
!,$))
k|o'Qm hdLg ^^) ldlnog xS6/ x]S6/
^,))
^ ca ca{ hgtfnfO hgtfnfO{ ;g\ ;g\ @))) df v'jfPsf] . ;g\\ @)#) df * ca{ ;g hgtfsf] k6 hgtfsf k]6 e' eg{g'kgg]{ 5 .
@,))
!(%)
!(^)
!(&)
!(*)
!(()
@)))
12
13
h]6|f]kmfmf-;lhjg_ sf] l8h]n4f/f ;+rflnt /]n, sf/, a;
14
phf{ bIftf gg} s' s+hL xf xf] phf
phf{ cleofgsf] r'gf}tL cf0fljs
!)) d]uf jf6sf] gd"gf ;f]nf/ Knf06
hnljB't
tfkLo
g]kfnsf] phf{ >f]t l8h]n %% d] jf6 cfjl0fs l ) d] jf6 hnljB't %%^ d] jf6
ljt/0f r'jfx6
gjLs/0fLo ! d] jf6 sf]Onf tfkLo ) d sfOnf d] jf6
s"n
^!@ d]uf jf6
clxn] clxn
gjLs/0fLo jfo' phf{
@% k|z
@)@% df % k| z
h}ljs ljljwtf
sdhf]/
k|ljlw
a anjfg
cd]l/sf hfkfg k|mfG; kmfG; hd{gL a]nfot OToflb l
s'g} b]z 5}g
s]xL d? e"dLo b]z
ul/a
g]kfn ef/t rLg a|flhn OG8f] OG8fglzof g]lzof d]lS;sf] dn]lzof OToflb
h}ljs ljljwtf
wlg
af;sf lgof{tof]Uo ;fdfu|L Pj+ kmlg{r/x?
;d[4 u|fdL0f g]kfnsf k"jf{wf/
vlgh h}ljs ljljwtf hnzlQm hn, jiff{, e"ldut hn ;f}o{ ls/0f ;fo
1fg
k|fs[lts >f]t]
/fhgLlts OR5fzlQm % ldzg l lzIff hn phf{ Pj+ zlQm
d""Nojw{g
vfB, :jf:Yo Pj+ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
l l ljsl;t
k"jf{wf/ /f]huf/L
k/Dk/fut 1fg 1fgd"lv ;+u7gx? o'jfzlqm l ;]jfIf]q
k|ljlw
dfjg >ft >f]t
l;h{gf
u|fdL0f ;d[[l4
jfXo nufgL cfsif{0f ug]{ of]hgfx?
u|fdL0f L g]kfn 18
4 Vice PMs H Huang J Ju Electrical
Hu Jintao
5 SCs
l
Zhou Yongqang SC
l
Hydropower
P Prez
A
Wu Yi, VPM
E n Look CHINA! g Petro-Refinery
Zeng Qinghong A t Automation ti
V Prez
Engineers Lead Nation ! Zeng Peiyan Electronics
Wen Jiabao
Hui Liangyu Agriculture
i n e e r
Geological
PM
s
Cao C Ganchuang SC
Tang Jiaxuan SC
Hua Jianmin SC
Chen Zili SC19
India's Visionary Political, Science and Engg Leaders
Dr V Kurien
M Vi Visweswaraiya i
Jamshedji Tata
A Premji
Dr B Pathak
Sreedharan
N Murthy
Dr Sam Pitroda
Dr A Reddy
68
20 Vilasrao Salunkhe
Dr R A Mashelkar
æsg}g klg bzsf b]zsf] ljsf; ckl/xfo ckl/xfo{ æs' ?kn] tL dflg;sf ?kn dflg;sf] dgl:ylt / k|k]/0ffdf e/ kb5, kb{5 h;dfly /fli6| /fli6o|o hLjgdf dxTjk" dxTjk0f{ 0f lg0fo lg0f{o ug ug]{] lhDd] lh dbf/L bf/L xG5 x' 5 ..Æ – lgsfn; lgsf]n; SofN8f] SofN8f/, / ljZjk|l;4 cy{zf:qL, cS;kmf]8{
æpTs[i6 k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ug]{ xf] eg] k[YjLsf] L ] at{{dfg Pj++ eljiosf l k'k:tfx?nfO{ :tfx?nfO /fhf dxf/fhfsf] dxf/fhfsf hLjg z}nLdf lhGbuL znLdf lh buL ljtfpg k'kUg]g >ft >f]t o; k[[YjLdf 5 .Æ asldlgi6/ km'n/, ljZjk|l;4 cd] cdl/sL l/sL Ol OlGhlgo/, hlgo/, af:t' af:tljb, ljb\, bfz{ bfzlgs lgs
Engineers Vs Rapid Development
S. Korea
UK
Germany 23
zf:q jrg
cdGqd\ cIf/d\ gfl:t, l Gffl:t d""nd\\ cgf}}ifwd\\ . cof]Uof] k'k?iff] cofUof ?iff gfl:t, gfl:t of]h ] sM tq b'n{eM ..
ha g]kfnL k|fljlw1x? cfkm" lgb|faf6 Jo'tg]5g\, clg c?nfO{ klg Jo''tfpg]5g\, ta ;d[ ;d44 u|fdL0f dL f gkfnsf g]kfnsf] ;'gf}nf] ljxfgL pbfpg]5 .
25
s'g} k|Zg< s'g} lh1f;f<
26