The Co2 Dragster

History Drag Racing in America dates back to the 1930’s where Hot Rodders met in places like Muroc, in the California’s Mojave Desert to see who had the fastest car. In 1947, Drag Racing made its first move toward becoming an organized sport with the creation of the Southern California Timing Association, SCTA. In 1947 the first SCTA “Speed Week” was held at the famed Bonneville Salt Flats. It was at this time that the racers began to race against the clock, actually a stopwatch. No longer did racers see how fast they could go, but how quickly they could accelerate. In 1950, the first drag strip, Santa Ana Drags, began holding races in Southern California; this gained popularity because people wanted to race against the computerized timing clocks. Soon thereafter, in 1951 the National Hot Rod Association, NHRA, was created. The organization brought order to the chaos that was drag racing by setting standardized rules and regulations in doing so the Sport of Drag Racing became a legitimate sport. In 1543 the first NHRA races were in Pomona, California. The Dragsters The first dragsters were little more than stripped down street cars. As the sport grew, engineers and builders designed & constructed cars that were designed specifically for the sport. The cars began to take on exotic shapes & designs with the engine in front of the driver. The fuels used also began to change. At first they were simply the corner gestation fuel, but with time as the car changed so did the duels that allowed the cars to go faster. The placement of the engine remained the same until the 1970’s when “Big Daddy” Don Garlits fell victim to a mechanical mishap and had ½ of his right foot amputated. HE began the design of a dragster with the engine placed in the rear. He perfected the design and the sport never looked back. Today all Top fuel dragsters use this design. The Design Process In the past the racers would take their cars and remove parts to make them lighter and faster. By the 1960’s the cars were now being designed to go faster and run better through the design process. They were tested through trial & error in order to design their racers. Today the Top Fuel dragsters are computer designed wonders of machinery. Their sleek profiles and wind tunnel rear airfoils which are used to create 5,000 lbs of downward force on the rear ties without increasing the aerodynamic drag have allowed the dragsters to exceed 330 mph in the ¼ mile race track. The current record is held by Tony Schumacher and was set in Feb 1999. Historic Cars 1954 – First slingshot built by Mickey Thompson 1962 – The Greer –Black-Prudhomme digger, with the best win record in NHRA history 1966 – The Eliminator I, the first true Funny Car, built by the Logge Brothers 1971 – The Swamp Rat XIV, the first rear-engined dragster, built by Don Garlits Ed Donovan introduces the 417 Donovan hemi, an aluminum copy of the Chrysler 1974 – The first tube chassis Pro Stock Car, Built by Bill Jenkins based on the 72 Vega 1986 – Swamp Rat XXX, first streamlined dragster, built by Don Garlits

Determining the Winner The winner of the race is determined by combining the following criteria - Reaction Time - Time it takes for the drive a car to go from a standing start to moving when the Green Light is lit. Who gets off the line first? - Elapsed Time - The time it takes to travel to the start line to the finish line. - Speed - Speed is measured in the Speed Trap which is the last 66 feet of the track to the finish line, indicating the approximate maximum speed of the vehicle during the run. Top 5 Pro Classes of Dragsters in North America Top Fuel (TF/D). The rail dragsters, or "Diggers", are the fastest class. Among the fastest-accelerating machines in the world, these cars can cover the drag strip in less than 3.8 seconds and record trap speeds over 325 mph. Top Fuel cars are 25 feet long and weigh 2,320 pounds in race-ready trim. Methanol fuel mixed with up to 90% nitromethane is used. Top Fuel Funny Cars (TF/FC) Similar to their Top Fuel counterparts but with a shorter wheelbase and a carbon-fiber body that loosely resembles a production-based automobile, Funny Cars, or “Floppers,” routinely run in the 4.0s and can exceed 315 mph. Pro Modified (Pro Mod) Some engine restrictions, very high power. Cars can run superchargers, turbochargers, or nitrous oxide. Cars running blowers are limited to 527 cubic inches (8.6 L) while cars with nitrous can run up to 740 cubic inches (12.1 L). Pro Stock (NHRA, MMPSA) Often called “factory hot rods” because of their resemblance to production-based cars (and because they must maintain a relatively stock appearance), commonly called "doorslammers", Pro Stockers can record quarter-mile times in the 6.4 second range, and speeds over 210 mph. They can rev to more than 10,500 rpm and make in excess of 1,300 horsepower. NHRA engines can be no more than 500-cubic-inch (8.2 L) displacement while MMPSA cars can run a maximum of 820 cubic inches (13.4 L) (called "Mountain Motors"). Both classes require the motors to be naturally aspirated. Pro Stock Bike (NHRA and ANDRA) These highly modified vehicles, which can run under 6.8 seconds at more than 195 mph, feature a purpose-built tube chassis and a lightweight, aerodynamically enhanced replica of original bodywork. Additional Classes of Dragsters Top Alcohol Dragster (TA/D) Top Alcohol Dragsters resemble Top Fuelers, but have significant differences. They may use a supercharged methanol-burning engine or an injected nitromethane combination. They can run in the 5.1s at more than 280 mph. Top Alcohol Funny Car (TA/FC). Similar in physical appearance to their nitro-burning Funny Car, Top Alcohol Funny Cars are restricted to the use of methanol fuel and have three- speed transmissions. They can run in the 5.4s at more than 265 mph. In the IHRA, Alcohol Funny Car is the fifth pro category, replacing NHRA's Pro Stock Bike. Competition Eliminator This is the NHRA class with the most variety. Each its 88 sections is assigned an index based on what a well-built car should run, and races are handicapped according to those indexes. Outlaw Series Pro FWD

Super Comp/Quick Rod The quickest of the heads-up Super classes (8.90 index) is composed primarily of dragsters. Most cars are capable of running well under the index but use electronic aids to run close to it without breaking out. Super Gas/Super Rod Super Gas entries, which run on a 9.90 index, are primarily full-bodied cars and roadsters. No dragsters or altered are permitted. As in Super Comp, competitors use electronic aids to run as close to the class standard without going under. Super Street/Hot Rod Racers compete on a fixed 10.90 index. All vehicles must be full-bodied cars and weigh no less than 2,800 pounds except for six-cylinder cars (2,000) and four-cylinder and rotary-powered cars (1,200). Engine and chassis modifications are virtually unlimited. Super Stock Super Stock vehicles resemble ordinary passenger cars, but are actually heavily modified. Entries are classified using factory shipping weight and horsepower and compete on indexes. The breakout rule is enforced. Stock Stock cars are similar to Super Stockers, but rules regarding everything from engine modifications to body alterations are much stricter. Virtually any car is eligible to compete, and entries are classified using factory shipping weight and horsepower. Sport Compact

Drag Racing Key Term - Distance from the 1/8th mile mark to the 1/4 mark of the track. - Starting line electric eye controlling pre-staged and staged lights. - Refers to the nitrous system, also knock as the Jug. - Supercharge; wreck. Said of an engine. - Supercharger (occasionally turbocharger); in '90s, generally grouped as "power adder" With turbocharger and nitrous Blown - Supercharged; wrecked. Said of an engine. Blowover -Flipping of a car, due to air under car lifting front wheels. Commonly suffered by dragsters Breakout -Running quicker than dial-in; also "breaking out." Grounds for disqualification if opponent does commit a foul start or cross boundary lines also known as Bustout. Bulb(ed) Jump(ed) the start, left before tree turned green. This is a loss unless the opponent suffers more serious foul. Burnout- Performed to heat the tires up for better traction Christmas tree (or tree) - Lights used to start a race in addition to showing starting violations DA - Density altitude; a reference to qualities in the air. Dial-in - When bracket racing, drivers must estimate or "dial in" the time in which they expect to run. Therefore two unmatched cars in weight and power can compete, by a handicap system. If one runs a faster time than dialed in, it is a breakout. Dope - (Southern U.S.) car using nitrous or propane injection on diesels [citation needed] Digger - Dragster (as distinct from a bodied car or flopper) [18] First or worst - If both drivers commit a foul, the driver who commits the foul first loses, unless it is two separate fouls, where the loser is the driver who committed the worse foul (lane violation is worse than foul start, and failure to participate in a post-run inspection is worst). Flopper - Funny Car, short for "fender flopper."[citation needed] Coined by dragster crews in the late Back half Beam Bottle Blow Blower

Fuel Fueler Grenade Heads-up racing Holeshot

Hook up James Bond

Kit Lit the tires Meth Mill Nitro Nitrous Overdrive Oildown Pedaling Pro tree Put on the trailer Quick 8 (Q8) Rail Redlight(ed) Sandbagging

Scattershield Slapper bar Slicks Slingshot Standard tree Struck the tires Throw a belt Top end Traction bars Trap(s)

1960s to separate Funny Cars, which had fiberglass bodies with fenders, from dragsters. Erroneously attributed to flip-top bodies of Funny Cars. - Mix of methanol and nitromethane ("pop," nitro); race class using it - Any car running fuel or in Fuel class (most often, TFD or TF/FC) - Wreck an engine (the engine "grenaded") due to internal failure. Distinct from "popping a blower." - Where both drivers leave at the same time and is used in all professional ("pro") classes. - Getting a significant advantage off the starting line. The other driver gets "holeshotted" or "left at the tree." A "holeshot win" is any win in a heads-up class where a slower car beats a faster car because of better reaction time. - Good traction between tires and track resulting in increased acceleration and reduced slipping or smoking of tires. - Driver's reaction time (when he leaves the start line) is seven thousands of a second after the green light (.007). A "James Bond Red" is a reaction time of -.007 seconds (red light), which is disqualification unless the opponent commits a more serious violation. - Turbo or nitrous kit [citation needed] - Lost traction, causing burning rubber - Methanol Injection [citation needed] used in conjunction with gasoline (non-leaded pump) - Any internal combustion engine used in a drag car - Nitromethane (sometimes incorrectly used to refer to nitrous oxide [citation needed]) - refers to Nitrous Oxide systems manufactured by a wide range of companies - Ratio between the revolutions of the supercharger to the revolutions of the engine, controlling amount of boost; see underdrive - When a car's engine or lubrication breaks during a run, leaving a streak of oil and other fluids on the track. This is punishable by fines, point penalties, and/or suspension. - Working the throttle to avoid lighting the tires, or as a way to sandbag; "pedaled" it, had to "pedal" it - Timing lights which flash all three yellow lights simultaneously, and after four tenths of a second, turn green. - Lost (got "put on the trailer") or won (put the other driver on the trailer). From the obvious, losing drivers trailer their cars home. - Quickest eight cars in a defined race. Rules appear to can differ per location/race. - Dragster (as distinct from bodied car or flopper). From the exposed frame rails of early cars. - Jump(ed) the start, left before tree turned green. This is a loss unless the opponent suffers a more serious foul. - Releasing the throttle or using the brakes at the end of the track during a bracket race after dialing a purposely slow time. Considered a dirty trick or tantamount to cheating in amateur classes. - Metal sheet protecting driver in case of transmission failure [19] - Traction bar - Rear tires with no tread pattern and softer rubber compound, for increased traction - Early front-engined dragster, named for the driving position behind the rear wheels (erroneously attributed to launch speed) - Timing lights which flash in sequence five tenths of a second between each yellow light before turning green. Traditional form, before introduction of pro tree. - Loss of traction, causing them to smoke [citation needed] - Losing the drive belt connecting the engine's crankshaft to the supercharger - Finish line of strip; high part of engine's rev band. - Rear struts fixed to rear axle to keep rear axle from twisting, causing wheel hop and loss of traction; also called slapper bars. the 20 meter (66 ft) timing lights at top end of race track to measure speed & E.T.

Trap speed Wheel hop Wheelie bars Wheel Base

- Speed measured by the speed trap near the finish line, indicating maximum speed reached in a run - Violent shaking of the car as the tires lose and regain traction in quick succession. - Rear struts fixed to rear axle, which protrude out to rear of car to help prevent car's front - The distance measured from the center of the front spindle to the center of the rear axel

Co2 Dragster Classifications Open Wheel - Traditional design where the wheels are positioned to the outside of the car body. This is a good design for beginners and creates a car that runs fast but has a large about of air resistance (drag). Aerodynamic to a point but works for class. Shell

- a more modern design where the wheels are hidden inside the body of the car. The body of the dragster is shelled (Hollowed out). This design is very aerodynamic but difficult to build. Requires a lot of work and time to build. Also it also depends on the weight of the wood.

Modified

- This is a combination of both the shell and open wheel. The drag is lessened but it is still greater than that of the Shell, ii allows the designer more freedom to create a design when the weight of the block doesn’t allow for a full shell design.

Steps to Designing a Co2 Dragster Step 1 – Research When planning to create a Co2 Dragster you must first decide on what class you plan to base your design on. Then, using the Internet look up 4 Co2 Dragster designs. In your research you should include the following: 1. Picture 2. Year the Car was built. 3. Designer 4. List the aspects of the design that you like the best 5. List the aspects of the designs that like the least 6. Explain how you plan to include the aspects that you like the best into your car design Step 2 – Design - Sketch Using the Sketch sheet provided, create 4 thumbnail designs of the designs you researched. Making sure to identify the feature that you liked best for each of the designs. When the Thumbnails have been completed, begin sketching the actual car you plan to build. Make the designs on your dragster as close to those aspects that you indicated as potential ideas for your designs. Step – 3 Design CAD Once all of the sketches have been completed, create a detailed design using the AutoCAD program. When creating the design in CAD, make sure to utilize the following: a. Layers 1. Original Balsa Block with power plant housing indicated. 2. Axel hole placement & Power Plant Housing safety Offset of 1/8” (.125”) 3. Co2 Car Body 4. Dimensions – Original Body, Axel Hole Placement, & Power plant housing & Safety area. 5. Dimensions – Co2 Car Body

b. Views 1. Top 2. Side (Left or Right) 3. Isometric Step – 4 Build Dragster 1. Weight your Balsa Block. Based upon the weight you may have to adjust your designs to stay in specs. 2. Transfer your design to the block – Remember to measure twice and cut once. 3. Mark the Axel Holes & Drill them out using one of the 2 drill press set aside for the project. 4. Once the axel holes have been drilled begin to make the cuts roughly shaping the body. Allow for deviation from design, this can be corrected by sanding. Note: Weight your dragster after each cut so that you can be sure that you will remain within the specified weight requirements. 5. Once all cuts have been made you may start the rough sanding. In this stage you need shape the dragster to the final dimensions you wish your car to be. Always remember to weight your car to check specs. Step 5 – Assembly & Testing 1. Assemble the car by inserting the axels & wheels. 2. Test the vehicle. Take time to answer the following: a. Does the car roll straight? b. Do the wheel spin freely? c. Are the wheels on straight? 3. If the answer is NO to questions a – c then make minor modifications by hand. Remember that the body has been shaped and any extensive modifications will affect the overall design and performance, if not damage the car. 4. Weigh the car. Take note that the car still is missing the screw eyelets. IF the car is under weight you can add weight through painting the car if under the weight restriction by 1 to 2 gr. This weight can be made up by painting and attaching the screw eyelets. Step 6 – Finish & Paint. 1. Disassemble the car. Taking care to put the wheels & axels away in a safe place until ready to reattach them when the project is finished. 2. Using sand paper, 220 grit, finish sand the car to remove any waste material or blemishes to the body prior to painting. 3. Using a primer, paint the car using a short sweeping motion from side to side. Avoid trying to cover in one coat. Overlap spay passes until the body is painted. In doing this, the wood will be sealed and the final finishes will have a good base to adhere to. 4. Using the 22o grit paper sand the car again, This will help smooth the surface for the final coats of paint. 5. The final painting should be consecutive layers of paint using the same motion as stated earlier, and then sand the car with a high numbered grit sand paper. The higher the better. This will help to create a smooth finish with a smooth texture. 6. When finished and the paint is cured, reassemble the car and attach the screw eyelets. When you complete this last step, you are now ready to Race.

Co2 Car Specifications Specification Weight w/o Co2 Axel Hole Position From Either End Axel Hole position From Bottom of Car Dragster Body Length Dragster Body Width at Axels Body Width w/ Wheels Vehicle Height Screw Eye Placement Wheel Base Power Plant Housing Thickness Axel Length 2 Axels Front Wheel Diameter (2 wheels) Front Wheel Thickness (2 wheels) Rear Wheel Diameter (2 Wheels) Rear Wheel Thickness (2 wheels)

Maximum Minimum 170 gr 45 gr 3 /8” 3 15/16” 13 3 /32” /16” 12” 7 7/8” 1 5/8” 1 3/8” 5 3 /32” 3” 10 5/8” 6 1/8” 5 10 /8” 4 1/8” 1 /8” (Around entire Co2 Cartridge) 2 ¾” 1 5/8” No More, No Less) 1 7/16” 1 ¼” 3 1 /16” /32” 9 1 /16” 1 3/16” 23 9 /32” /16”

Reference Co2 Racer Notes.pdf

allowed the dragsters to exceed 330 mph in the ¼ mile race track. The current record is held by ... Speed. - Speed is measured in the Speed Trap which is the last 66 feet of the track to the finish line, ... Pro Stockers can record quarter-mile times in the 6.4 second range, and speeds over 210 mph. They can rev to more than ...

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