Recommandation 2: The Task Force recommends changes to statutory language that align key definitions across the Criminal Code, Adult Protective Services (APS), and Division for Intellectual an Developmental Disabilities (DIDD) statutes to ensure that all agencies are operating under the same guidelines, whenever possible. The Task Force believes it is important to ensure all definitions are aligned, wherever possible, between the criminal code, APS, and the DIDD statutes. The criminal definition of “abuse” is slightly different to ensure that prosecution of these crimes is not compromised and to ensure that there is not an inadvertent expansion and requirement for APS to investigate forms of verbal or emotional abuse (harm to a person’s “mental condition”) or to investigate a death, both of which are defined in the criminal code definition of “abuse” under “bodily injury”. In all statutes, the term “mistreatment” is recommended to be used as a term that encompasses the three types of maltreatment that can lead to criminal charges, specifically abuse, caretaker neglect, and exploitation. The term “mistreatment” should be used as an umbrella term to help ensure concise language throughout the statute, subsequent rule development, and training materials. In all statutes, the term “adult with IDD” is recommended to be used as the term for identifying at-risk adults with a development and intellectual disability. The APS and criminal statutes currently use “at-risk” to define all physical, medical, and cognitive conditions that make an adult vulnerable to mistreatment or to being a victim of a crime. By removing the “at-risk” term from the IDD population, it more clearly defines which population requires a report under the mandatory reporting law. The following changes to statutes are recommended by the Task Force : Confirmed: 18-6.5-103. Crimes against at-risk adults and at-risk juveniles - classifications (7.5) (a) A person commits criminal exploitation of an at-risk elder OR AT-RISK ADULT WITH AN INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY when he or she knowingly uses deception, harassment, intimidation, or undue influence to permanently or temporarily deprive an at-risk elder of the use, benefit, or possession of any thing of value. (b) Criminal exploitation of an at-risk elder is a class 3 felony if the thing of value is five hundred dollars or greater. Criminal exploitation of an at-risk elder is a class 5 felony if the thing of value is less than five hundred dollars. Confirmed: 18-6.5-102. Definitions (10) "Exploitation" means an act or omission committed by a person who: (a) Uses deception, harassment, intimidation, or undue influence to permanently or temporarily deprive an at-risk elder of the use, benefit, or possession of any thing of value;

(b) In the absence of legal authority: (I) Employs the services of a third party for the profit or advantage of the person or another person to the detriment of the at-risk elder; or (II) Forces, compels, coerces, or entices an at-risk elder to perform services for the profit or advantage of the person or another person against the will of the at-risk elder; or (III) ADD APPROPRIATE LEGAL LANGUAGE TO INCLUDE IN THE DEFINITION OF EXPLOITATION: “USING HARRASSMENT, UNDUE INFLUENCE, OR INTIMIDATION TO CREATE A HOSTILE OR FEARFUL ENVIRONMENT FOR AN AT-RISK ELDER OR AT-RISK ADULT WITH AN INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY WHO RELIES ON A PERSON TO PROVIDE CARE.” (c) Misuses the property of an at-risk elder in a manner that adversely affects the at-risk elder's ability to receive health care or health care benefits or to pay bills for basic needs or obligations.

Criminal Code: At-risk Adult with an Intellectual and Developmental Disability ADULT WITH IDD: A person who is eighteen years of age or older and is a person with an intellectual and developmental disability, as defined in Section 25.5-10-202(26)(a), C.R.S. APS: No definition. Continue use of the “at-risk adult” definition in Section 26-3.1-101, C.R.S. DIDD: ADULT WITH IDD: A PERSON WHO IS EIGHTEEN YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER AND IS A PERSON WITH AN INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY, AS DEFINED IN SECTION 25.5-10-202(26)(a), C.R.S. Criminal Code: MISTREATMENT: MEANS AN ACT OR OMISSION THAT THREATENS THE HEALTH, SAFETY, OR WELFARE OF AN AT-RISK ADULT, AT-RISK ELDER, ADULT WITH IDD OR THAT EXPOSES THE AT-RISK ADULT, AT-RISK ELDER, OR ADULT WITH IDD TO A SITUATION OR CONDITION THAT POSES AN IMMINENT RISK OF DEATH, SERIOUS BODILY INJURY, OR BODILY INJURY TO THE AT-RISK ADULT, AT-RISK ELDER, OR ADULT WITH IDD. "MISTREATMENT" INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO: A) ABUSE, B) CARETAKER NEGLECT, AND C) EXPLOITATION. APS: Mistreatment: means an act or omission that threatens the health, safety, or welfare of an at-risk adult or that exposes the at-risk adult to a situation or condition that poses an imminent risk of death, serious bodily injury, or bodily injury to the at-risk adult. "Mistreatment" includes, but is not limited to: a) abuse, b) caretaker neglect, and C) EXPLOITATION. DIDD: Mistreatment: means an act or omission that threatens the health, safety, or welfare of a person OR THAT EXPOSES THE PERSON WITH IDD TO A SITUATION OR CONDITION THAT POSES AN IMMINENT RISK OF DEATH, SERIOUS BODILY INJURY, OR BODILY INJURY TO THE PERSON WITH IDD. "MISTREATMENT" INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO: A) ABUSE, B) CARETAKER NEGLECT, AND C) EXPLOITATION.

Criminal: Abuse: any of the following acts or omissions committed against an at-risk elder OR ADULT WITH IDD: (a) The non-accidental infliction of bodily injury, serious bodily injury, or death; (b) Confinement or restraint that is unreasonable under generally accepted caretaking standards; AND, (c) Subjection to sexual conduct or contact classified as a crime under this title. (d) Caretaker neglect; and (e) Exploitation. APS: Abuse: Abuse that occurs: (I) Where there is NON-ACCIDENTAL infliction of physical pain or injury, as demonstrated by, but not limited to, substantial or multiple skin bruising, bleeding, malnutrition, dehydration, burns, bone fractures, poisoning, subdural hematoma, soft tissue swelling, or suffocation; (II) Where unreasonable confinement or restraint is imposed CONFINEMENT OR RESTRAINT THAT IS UNREASONABLE UNDER GENERALLY ACCEPTED CARETAKING STANDARDS; or (III) Where there is subjection to nonconsensual sexual conduct or contact classified as a crime under the "Colorado Criminal Code", title 18, C.R.S. DIDD: Abuse: ABUSE THAT OCCURS: (I) WHERE THERE IS NON-ACCIDENTAL INFLICTION OF PHYSICAL PAIN OR INJURY, AS DEMONSTRATED BY, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, SUBSTANTIAL OR MULTIPLE SKIN BRUISING, BLEEDING, MALNUTRITION, DEHYDRATION, BURNS, BONE FRACTURES, POISONING, SUBDURAL HEMATOMA, SOFT TISSUE SWELLING, OR SUFFOCATION; (II) CONFINEMENT OR RESTRAINT THAT IS UNREASONABLE UNDER GENERALLY ACCEPTED CARETAKING STANDARDS; OR (III) WHERE THERE IS SUBJECTION TO SEXUAL CONDUCT OR CONTACT CLASSIFIED AS A CRIME UNDER THE "COLORADO CRIMINAL CODE", TITLE 18, C.R.S. Criminal: Caretaker Neglect: Neglect that occurs when adequate food, clothing, shelter, psychological care, physical care, medical care, or supervision is not secured for an at-risk adult WITH IDD or an at-risk elder or is not provided by a caretaker in a timely manner and with the degree of care that a reasonable person in the same situation would exercise; except that the withholding, withdrawing, or refusing of any medication, any medical procedure or device, or any treatment, including but not limited to resuscitation, cardiac pacing, mechanical ventilation, dialysis, and artificial nutrition and hydration, in accordance with any valid medical directive or order or as described in a palliative plan of care shall not be deemed caretaker neglect. As used in this subsection (6), "medical directive or order" includes but is not limited to a medical durable power of attorney, a declaration as to medical treatment executed pursuant to section 15-18-104, C.R.S., a medical order for scope of treatment form executed pursuant to article 18.7 of title 15, C.R.S., and a CPR directive executed pursuant to article 18.6 of title 15, C.R.S.ARTICLE 18.6 OF TITLE 15,C.R.S APS: Caretaker Neglect: Neglect that occurs when adequate food, clothing, shelter,

psychological care, physical care, medical care, or supervision is not secured for an at-risk adult or is not provided by a caretaker in a timely manner and with the degree of care that a reasonable person in the same situation would exercise; except that the withholding, withdrawing, or refusing of any MEDICATION, ANY MEDICAL PROCEDURE OR DEVICE, OR ANY treatment, including but not limited to resuscitation, cardiac pacing, mechanical ventilation, dialysis, and artificial nutrition and hydration, in accordance with any valid medical directive or order or as described in a palliative plan of care shall not be deemed caretaker neglect. As used in this subsection (6), "medical directive or order" includes but is not limited to a medical durable power of attorney, a declaration as to medical treatment executed pursuant to section 15-18-104, C.R.S., a medical order for scope of treatment form executed pursuant to article 18.7 of title 15, C.R.S., and a CPR directive executed pursuant to article 18.6 of title 15, C.R.S.ARTICLE 18.6 OF TITLE 15,C.R.S DIDD: CARETAKER NEGLECT: NEGLECT THAT OCCURS WHEN ADEQUATE FOOD, CLOTHING, SHELTER, PSYCHOLOGICAL CARE, PHYSICAL CARE, MEDICAL CARE, OR SUPERVISION IS NOT SECURED FOR A PERSON WITH IDD OR IS NOT PROVIDED BY A CARETAKER IN A TIMELY MANNER AND WITH THE DEGREE OF CARE THAT A REASONABLE PERSON IN THE SAME SITUATION WOULD EXERCISE; EXCEPT THAT THE WITHHOLDING, WITHDRAWING, OR REFUSING OF ANY MEDICATION, ANY MEDICAL PROCEDURE OR DEVICE, OR ANY TREATMENT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO RESUSCITATION, CARDIAC PACING, MECHANICAL VENTILATION, DIALYSIS, AND ARTIFICIAL NUTRITION AND HYDRATION, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANY VALID MEDICAL DIRECTIVE OR ORDER OR AS DESCRIBED IN A PALLIATIVE PLAN OF CARE SHALL NOT BE DEEMED CARETAKER NEGLECT. AS USED IN THIS SUBSECTION (6), "MEDICAL DIRECTIVE OR ORDER" INCLUDES BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO A MEDICAL DURABLE POWER OF ATTORNEY, A DECLARATION AS TO MEDICAL TREATMENT EXECUTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 15-18-104, C.R.S., A MEDICAL ORDER FOR SCOPE OF TREATMENT FORM EXECUTED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 18.7 OF TITLE 15, C.R.S., AND A CPR DIRECTIVE EXECUTED PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 18.6 OF TITLE 15, C.R.S.ARTICLE 18.6 OF TITLE 15,C.R.S Criminal: Caretaker: a person who: a) Is responsible for the care of an at-risk adult, at-risk juvenile, ADULT WITH IDD, or at-risk elder as a result of a family or legal relationship; b) Has assumed responsibility for the care of an at-risk adult, at-risk juvenile, ADULT WITH IDD, or atrisk elder; or, c) Is paid to provide care or services to an at-risk adult, at-risk juvenile, ADULT WITH IDD, or at-risk elder. APS: Caretaker: a person who: a) Is responsible for the care of an at-risk adult as a result of a family or legal relationship; b) Has assumed responsibility for the care of an at-risk adult; or, c) Is paid to provide care or services to an at-risk adult. IDD: Caretaker: A PERSON WHO: A) IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CARE OF A PERSON WITH IDD AS A RESULT OF A FAMILY OR LEGAL RELATIONSHIP; B) HAS ASSUMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CARE OF A PERSON WITH IDD; OR, C) IS PAID TO PROVIDE CARE OR SERVICES TO A PERSON WITH IDD.

Criminal: Exploitation: An act or omission committed by a person who: (a) Uses deception, harassment, intimidation, or undue influence to permanently or temporarily deprive an at-risk elder OR ADULT WITH IDD of the use, benefit, or possession of anything of value; (b) In the absence of legal authority: (I) Employs the services of a third party for the profit or advantage of the person or another person to the detriment of the at-risk elder OR ADULT WITH IDD; or (II) Forces, compels, coerces, or entices an at-risk elder to perform services for the profit or advantage of the person or another person against the will of the at-risk elder OR ADULT WITH IDD; or (III) USES HARRASSMENT, INTIMIDATION, OR UNDUE INFLUENCE TO CREATE A HOSTILE OR FEARFUL ENVIRONMENT FOR THE AT-RISK ELDER OR ADULT WITH IDD; OR (c) Misuses the property of an at-risk elder in a manner that adversely affects the at-risk elder's OR ADULT WITH IDD’S ability to receive health care or health care benefits or to pay bills for basic needs or obligations. APS: Exploitation: An act or omission committed by a person who: (a) Uses deception, harassment, intimidation, or undue influence to permanently or temporarily deprive an at-risk adult of the use, benefit, or possession of his or her money, assets, or property ANYTHING OF VALUE; (b) In the absence of legal authority: (I) Employs the services of a third party for the profit or advantage of the person or another person to the detriment of the at-risk adult; or (II) Forces, compels, coerces, or entices an at-risk adult to perform services for the profit or advantage of the person or another person against the will of the at-risk adult; or (c) Misuses the property of an at-risk elder in a manner that adversely affects the at-risk adult’s ability to receive health care or health care benefits or to pay bills for basic needs or obligations. DIDD: EXPLOITATION: AN ACT OR OMISSION COMMITTED BY A PERSON WHO: (A) USES DECEPTION, HARASSMENT, INTIMIDATION, OR UNDUE INFLUENCE TO PERMANENTLY OR TEMPORARILY DEPRIVE AN ADULT WITH IDD OF THE USE, BENEFIT, OR POSSESSION OF ANYTHING OF VALUE; (B) IN THE ABSENCE OF LEGAL AUTHORITY: (I) EMPLOYS THE SERVICES OF A THIRD PARTY FOR THE PROFIT OR ADVANTAGE OF THE PERSON OR ANOTHER PERSON TO THE DETRIMENT OF THE ADULT WITH IDD; OR (II) FORCES, COMPELS, COERCES, OR ENTICES AN ADULT WITH IDD TO PERFORM SERVICES FOR THE PROFIT OR ADVANTAGE OF THE PERSON OR ANOTHER PERSON AGAINST THE WILL OF THE ADULT WITH IDD; OR (C) MISUSES THE PROPERTY OF AN ADULT WITH IDD IN A MANNER THAT ADVERSELY AFFECTS THE ADULT WITH IDD’S ABILITY TO RECEIVE HEALTH CARE OR HEALTH CARE BENEFITS OR TO PAY BILLS FOR BASIC NEEDS OR OBLIGATIONS. [Should this be changed to be « person » or should it remain « adult » ?]

Criminal: Undue Influence: Use of influence to take advantage of an at-risk elder’s OR ADULT WITH IDD’S vulnerable state of mind, neediness, pain, or emotional distress. APS: UNDUE INFLUENCE: USE OF INFLUENCE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF AN AT-RISK ADULT’S VULNERABLE STATE OF MIND, NEEDINESS, PAIN, OR EMOTIONAL DISTRESS. IDD: UNDUE INFLUENCE: USE OF INFLUENCE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF AN ADULT WITH IDD’S VULNERABLE STATE OF MIND, NEEDINESS, PAIN, OR EMOTIONAL DISTRESS. [Still discussing. Likely to be moved to training materials only. What to ensure if used there’s language that is clear that this is not to interfere with processes already established in CDPHE and DIDD related to critical incidents and occurence reporting.] INCIDENTS: INJURIES OR ACCIDENTS THAT OCCUR IN LONG-TERM CARE FACILITIES OR BOARD AND CARE HOMES TO ATRISK ELDERS OR ADULTS WITH IDD THAT IS NOT THE EXPECTED OUTCOME OF A RESIDENT’S CONDITION OR DISEASE PROCESS. AN INCIDENT INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO: FALLS; ELOPEMENTS; MEDICATION ERRORS; SKIN BREAKDOWN THAT IS CLINICALLY UNAVOIDABLE; MISAPPROPRIATION OF PROPERTY THAT DOES NOT MEET THE DEFINITION OF EXPLOITATION; CHOKING INCIDENTS; ENTRAPMENT INCIDENTS; RESIDENT ON RESIDENT AGGRESSION; RESIDENT ON STAFF AGGRESSION; SELF-ABUSE; BEHAVIORAL DISRUPTIONS; PHYSICAL INTERVENTION IN LINE WITH APPROVED BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT PLAN; AND AUTO ACCIDENTS .

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