NQ Dry Tropics Beach Scrub BioCondition Report (Site specific extract)

December 2016

Site – Dingo Beach

Contents: Site Description

2

On-ground Works Prioritisation

5

Discussion

6

Recommendations

7

Weeds on Site

7

Site Specific Actions

8

Treatment Recommendations

9

S10 Dingo Beach – BioCondition Assessment Results.

Biocondition Assessment S10 Dingo Beach – Landscape view and aerial view.

S10 Dingo Beach – view north, centre of plot.

S10 Dingo Beach – view east, centre of plot.

S10 Dingo Beach – view south, centre of plot. S10 Dingo Beach – view west, centre of plot. Attributes Maximum Score Site Score Site-based condition Large Trees 15 15 attributes. Tree Canopy Height 5 4 Recruitment of Canopy Species 5 3 Tree Canopy Cover 5 4 Shrub Cover 5 5 Coarse Woody Debris 5 5 Native Plant Species Richness 20 10 Non-native Plant Cover 10 10 Native Perennial Grass Cover 5 0 Litter Cover 5 5 Landscape attributes Size of Patch 10 10 (fragmented) Context 5 4 Connection 5 5 Total: 100 88.9 BioCondition Class: 1 Site Specific Notes: Rubber vine on the seaward fringe of the site. The property in general is well maintained and relatively weed free.

RDB40 Action Plan Dingo Beach December 2016

2

S10 Dingo Beach – Site Survey and Management Notes Attending

C. Kahler and J. Rains

Survey Date

12/10/2016

Tenure

Freehold (under the control of a state department)

Site Location

0m E 610418

50m E 610470

Regional Ecosystem:

(GMA, GDA94)

0m N 7800414

50m N 7800362

11.2.3

General Description

Semi-evergreen vine thicket. Open understorey. Thick patches of vines in places. On hind dune; sandy soil with little cohesion.

Size of Polygon

18.6ha

Size of Patch

31,526ha

Connectivity

86.9% (Remnant)

Context

58.3% (Remnant)

Canopy Height

Canopy: 10m Sub-canopy: 4m

Canopy Species

EDL Species: Acacia oraria, Brachychiton australis, Gyrocarpus americanus, Mimusops elengi, Pleiogynium timorense, Wrightia sp. Sub-dominant: EDL species and includes: Alectryon connatus, Celtis paniculata, Corymbia tessellaris, Cupaniopsis anacardioides, Diospyros geminata, Elaeodendron melanocarpum, Polyalthia nitidissima, Terminalia muelleri.

Shrub Species

Includes: Antidesma parvifolium, Capparis sepiaria, Carissa ovata, Clerodendrum floribundum, Eugenia reinwardtiana, Exocarpos latifolius, Fitzalania bidwillii, Glycosmis trifoliata, Gossia bidwillii, Sarcostemma viminale subsp. brunonianum, Tabernaemontana orientalis.

Vines

Alyxia spicata, Jasminum didymum, Pachygone ovata, Trophis scandens.

Weeds

Cryptostegia grandiflora*, Lantana camara*.

General condition notes

Patch in very good condition. Surrounding land is well maintained with very few weeds.

Management Issues

Weeds: sole rubbervine noted on site. The weed may be present in low numbers elsewhere in the patch.

Suggested Actions

Weeds: control any rubbervine within or adjacent to the patch. Any works should aim at controlling any potential threatening processes before they impact the patch.

Action Prioritisation Score

3/13

RDB40 Action Plan Dingo Beach December 2016

3

Table 1 S10 Dingo Beach Flora and Fauna Species Lists Family Scientific Name

Common Name

Life Form

Plant Species Mimosaceae

Acacia oraria

a wattle

EDL

Mimosaceae

Acacia salicina

Sally wattle

T

Sapindaceae

Alectryon connatus

grey bird's eye

T

Rhamnaceae

Alphitonia excelsa

soap tree

T

Apocynaceae

Alyxia spicata

chain fruit

V

Poaceae

Ancistrachne uncinulata

hookey grass

G

Phyllanthaceae

Antidesma parvifolium

antidesma

S

Sterculiaceae

Brachychiton australis

broad leaved bottle tree

Capparaceae

Capparis sepiaria

wild orange

S

Apocynaceae

Carissa ovata

currant bush

S

Ulmaceae

Celtis paniculata

native celtis

T

Lamiaceae

Clerodendrum floribundum

lolly bush

S

Myrtaceae

Corymbia tessellaris

Moreton Bay ash

T

Euphorbiaceae

Croton arnhemicus

hard cascarilla

T

Apocynaceae

Cryptostegia grandiflora*

rubber vine

V

Sapindaceae

Cupaniopsis anacardioides

tuckeroo

T

Rubiaceae

Cyclophyllum coprosmoides

beach canthium

S

Ebenaceae

Diospyros geminata

grey ebony

T

Putranjivaceae

Drypetes deplanchei

yellow boxwood

T

Celastraceae

Elaeodendron melanocarpum

black olive plum

T

Myrtaceae

Eugenia reinwardtiana

Cedar Bay cherry

S

Anacardiaceae

Euroschinus falcatus

ribbonwood

T

Santalaceae

Exocarpos latifolius

beach cherry

S

Annonaceae

Fitzalania bidwillii

orange annona

S

Rutaceae

Geijera salicifolia

wilga

T

Rutaceae

Glycosmis trifoliata

pink-fruited glycosmis

S

Myrtaceae

Gossia bidwillii

python tree

S

Hernandiaceae

Gyrocarpus americanus

helicopter tree

EDL

Oleaceae

Jasminum didymum

native jasmine

V

Verbenaceae

Lantana camara*

lantana

S

Sapotaceae

Mimusops elengi

red condoo

Rutaceae

Murraya ovatifoliolata

murraya

S

Menispermaceae

Pachygone ovata

pachygone

V

Phyllanthaceae

Phyllanthaceae

Anacardiaceae

Pleiogynium timorense

Burdekin plum

EDL

Annonaceae

Polyalthia nitidissima

canary beach

T

EDL

EDL

S

RDB40 Action Plan Dingo Beach December 2016

4

Sarcostemma viminale subsp. Apocynaceae

brunonianum

bandaid bush

S

Sapotaceae

Sersalisia sericea

wild prune

T

Myrtaceae

Syzygium sp.

lily pilly

T

Apocynaceae

Tabernaemontana orientalis

banana bush

S

Combretaceae

Terminalia muelleri

Mueller's Damson

T

Apocynaceae

Wrightia sp.

Family

EDL

Scientific Name

Common Name

Class

Fauna Species MEGAPODIIDAE

Alectura lathami

Australian brush-turkey

AVES

ALCEDINIDAE

Dacelo novaeguineae

laughing kookaburra

AVES

MACROPODINAE

Macropus agilis

agile wallaby

MAMMALIA

Table Note: Life Form categories are as follows; E= epiphyte, F= forb, S- shrub, T= tree, V= vine, EDL= species forms part of the canopy or the Ecologically Dominant Layer, #= species in patch but outside plot, * = introduced/weed. Fauna observations were opportunistic only.

Recommended Prioritisation of Works Site prioritisation scores are given below in Table 2 (extracted) with sites ranked by site number. Table 3 (extracted) lists the sites by on-ground works prioritisation score and includes BioCondition scores and classes. Table 2: On-Ground Works Prioritisation Scores for each Site – Extract Site Attribute and score

S10 Dingo Beach

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Total

1

0

1

3

0

0

1

0

0

3

Notes: Landholder actively managing weeds, acquiring permission to access may be difficult, access may require 4WD. Table Note: scores shown are from a maximum total of 13.

BioCondition scores were calculated from values collected onto field sheets during field survey and are given on individual site sheets in the previous section. The BioCondition scores along with each site’s works prioritisation score are given in the following tables. Table 3: Sites Ranked by On-Ground Prioritisation Score – Extract Site Works BioCondition Prioritisation Score Score S10 Dingo Beach 3 88.9%

BioCondition Class 1

Previous BioCondition Score (Class) n/a

Note: ‘Previous BioCondition Score’ derived from Woodcock (2008a).

RDB40 Action Plan Dingo Beach December 2016

5

Discussion Condition The beach scrubs surveyed are all in good condition. Those managed by public authorities appeared to be in the best condition. Although it is largely impossible to compare BioCondition scores between this survey event and previous ones, a few differences can be detected through checking text used in describing the sites during 2008 survey. The chief changes in condition relate to cyclone damage sustained in the intervening period. Cyclone Louis seems to have impacted the Cape Upstart Central and South sites. Otherwise, management issues for re-surveyed sites seem to have largely remained as they were during the first survey. It seems as though previous investment has been worthwhile with sites treated previously for weeds or other threats returning high BioCondition scores – the prior investment has paid off in terms of resilience and in terms of current landholders’ awareness of the value of these ecosystems.

Threats Results of the on-ground BioCondition survey and scoring are given in a site-by-site report (following section) including the BioCondition score break-down, site photos, a small map showing the traversed area within patch, notes on condition and proposed actions as well as a plant species list and a list of any fauna incidentally sighted during the survey. Management issues and suggested actions are also given. A summary of threats to beach scrubs at each site is given in Table 4 (extracted).

Threat

S10 Dingo Beach

Table 4: Summary of Threats by Site – Extract

Coastal development Tourism and vectors Agriculture Mining Climate change Weed invasion

x

Fire Feral animals Exotic pathogens Other natural disturbances

The strongest influences on BioCondition scores appear to be natural disturbances (salt water inundation, strong salt-laden winds, cyclones) although the pressure that represents single greatest potential threat, likely to cause catastrophic and irreversible change is the ever-present likelihood of coastal development. Invasion by transformer weeds and fire are the next most significant onsite threats overall (see Table 4). Weeds, along with inappropriate fire use could severely damage remaining areas. Beach scrub transformer weeds (weeds that can force a significant and perhaps irreversible change in structure and floristics) include rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora*), Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus*) (and other vigorous introduced grasses), lantana (Lantana camara*) and, if infestations are dense enough, corky passion vine (Passiflora suberosa*). Myrtle rust was seen at 2 sites and infected plants were notably lacking in vigour. RDB40 Action Plan Dingo Beach December 2016

6

Recommendations or Summary Many of the sites surveyed are in good condition (BioCondition class of 1 or 2). Protect these healthier sites from threatening processes, most especially, clearing. The most catastrophic impact on these healthy sites will come from human interaction – clearing for coastal development. High public awareness of their values and TEC listing is most likely the best protection they can be given against this threat. In order to check that beach scrub communities of the NQ Dry Tropics NRM region are maintaining or improving condition it is recommended that this process be repeated in around five to ten years’ time. It should not be necessary to repeat BioCondition immediately following any on-ground works as a way of measuring their success, rather, specific monitoring methods should be devised or used to detect the success or otherwise of any remediation works planned. Wherever it is available, use more current information, particularly on community or landholder willingness to participate, so as to improve the chances of remediation work success. Where it is not at hand, actively seek information from the community to better inform planning and improve the results of on-ground works. Additionally, maintain some planning flexibility so as to take advantage of opportunities as they arise.

Weeds identified adjacent to site include, but are not limited to: Table 5: Prioritised Weeds Priority Order

Scientific Name

Common Name

Life Form

Plant Species

1 (Very High)

Cryptostegia grandiflora*

rubber vine

V

1 (Very High)

Lantana camara*

lantana

S

Table Note: Life Form categories are as follows: E= epiphyte, F= forb, S- shrub, T= tree, V= vine.

RDB40 Action Plan Dingo Beach December 2016

7

Site Specific Actions S10 Dingo Beach Initial Works

Quarter 4 maintenance

Quarter 5 maintenance

Quarter 6 maintenance

Quarter 7 maintenance

Quarter 8 maintenance

Jan-Mar 2017

Apr – Jun 2017

Jul – Sep 2017

Oct – Dec 2017

Jan – Mar 2018

Apr – Jun 2018

 Time required o 1 days (estimate)  Rubbish clean up o Litter, bottles etc  Weed works o Rubbervine, lantana o Grass control on perimeter (guinea

 Time required

 Time required

o 1 day  Rubbish clean up

o 1 day  Rubbish clean up

o Litter, bottles etc  Check status of

 Time required o 1 day  Rubbish clean up

o Litter, bottles etc  Check status of

 Time required o 1 day  Rubbish clean up

o Litter, bottles etc  Check status of

 Time required o 1 day  Rubbish clean up

o Litter, bottles etc  Check status of

o Litter, bottles etc  Check status of

previously treated

previously treated

previously treated

previously treated

previously treated

weeds, retreat if

weeds, retreat if

weeds, retreat if

weeds, retreat if

weeds, retreat if

needed

needed

needed

needed

needed

 Weed works

 Weed works

 Weed works

 Weed works

 Weed works

and others)

o Rubbervine,

o Rubbervine,

o Rubbervine,

o Rubbervine,

o Rubbervine,

o Others as time

lantana

lantana

lantana

lantana

lantana

o Grasses

o Grasses

o Grasses

o Grasses

o Grasses

o Woody weeds

o Woody weeds

o Woody weeds

o Woody weeds

o Woody weeds

permits

o Others as time permits



Others as time permits



Others as time permits

RDB40 Action Plan Dingo Beach December 2016



Others as time permits



Others as time permits

8

Treatment Recommendations All of this information is advisory in nature and not legally binding; the landholder should ensure they follow all governmental and safety regulations when using any weed control methods. Some of these plants are toxic to humans and all care should be taken during their control.

Rubber Vine Cut and painting or basal barking the stems will be effective on this Weed of National Significance. http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/plants/weeds-pestanimals-ants/weeds/a-z-listing-of-weeds/photo-guideto-weeds/rubber-vine http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/plants/weeds-pestanimals-ants/weeds/a-z-listing-of-weeds/photo-guideto-weeds/rubber-vine/?a=52544 http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/0303080 0-0b07-490a-8d040605030c0f01/media/Html/Cryptostegia_grandiflora.ht m

RDB40 Action Plan Dingo Beach December 2016

9

Lantana Lantana can be controlled in small outbreaks by digging or chipping out the plants. Alternatively, partially cutting the plant back and basal bark spraying it, according to the Fact Sheet is effective. https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industry/agriculture/s pecies/invasive-plants/restricted/lantana http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/000 9/62010/IPA-Lantana-PP34.pdf http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/000 8/77669/IPA-Lantana-Herb-Bro.pdf http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Ht ml/lantana_camara.htm

RDB40 Action Plan Dingo Beach December 2016

10

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