Ergonomi Makro

Oktri Mohammad Firdaus [email protected]

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI 2009

Referensi 

Sutalaksana, I.Z., dkk., (2006), Teknik Perancangan Sistem Kerja, Penerbit ITB, Bandung.



Dul, J., & Weerdmeester, B., (2008), Ergonomics for Beginners, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.



Pavlidis, I., (2008), Human Computer Interaction, InTech.



Dan referensi penunjang lainnya JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Intro 

Definisi Ergonomi Makro



Jenis-Jenis Ergonomi Makro



SHIP Methods



Green Engineering

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Definisi Ergonomi Makro 

Ergonomi Makro lebih difokuskan kepada pada analisis, desain dan evaluasi dari sistem kerja



Sistem kerja tersebut terdiri dari interaksi antara satu orang atau lebih dengan beberapa desain pekerjaan, hardware, software, lingkungan internal (temperatur, kebisingan, suhu, dll), lingkungan luar dan desain organisasi (misalnya proses dan struktur dari sistem kerja)

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Jenis Ergonomi Makro 

Ergonomi Lingkungan



Ergonomi Organisasi

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Jenis Penerapan Ergonomi Makro 

Perencanaan strategis (top-down)



Partisipatori (bottom-up)



Fokus Pada Proses (middle out)

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

SHIP Methods 

Sistemik



Holistik



Interdisplinari



Partisipatori

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Sistemik 

Semua faktor yang berada didalam satu sistem dan diperkirakan dapat menimbulkan masalah harus ikut diperhitungkan sehingga tidak ada lagi masalah yang tertinggal atau munculnya masalah baru sebagai akibat dari keterkaitan sistem

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Holistik 

Semua faktor atau sistem yang terkait atau diperkirakan terkait dengan masalah yang ada, haruslah dipecahkan secara proaktif dan menyeluruh

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Interdisiplanari 

Semua disiplin yang terkait harus dimanfaatkan, karena makin kompleksnya permasalahan yang ada diasumsikan tidak akan terpecahkan secara maksimal jika hanya dikaji melalui satu disiplin, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengkajian melalui lintas disiplin ilmu

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Partisipatori 

Semua orang yang terlibat dalam pemecahan masalah tersebut harus dilibatkan sejak awal secara maksimal agar dapat diwujudkan mekaniskme kerja yang kondusif dan diperoleh produk yang berkualitas sesuai dengan tuntutan zaman.

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Green Engineering 

Green Engineering adalah penerapan sejumlah prinsip yang bertujuan mengurangi dampak negatif proses-proses atau sistem dari produkproduk yang berasal dari kimia terhadap kesehatan manusia dan lingkungannya

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12 Prinsip Green Engineering 1.

Inherent rather than circumstansial  Perancang perlu mengusahakan agar semua input dan ouput baik materi maupun energi sedapat mungkin secara alami tidak beracun

2.

Prevention instead of treatment  lebih baik mencegah terjadinya limbah daripada mengolah atau membersihkan limbah yang terlanjur terbentuk

3.

Design for separation  Proses pemisahan dan pemurnian harus dirancang agar penggunaan energi maupun materi sehemat mungkin

4.

Maximize mass, energy, space and time efficiency  Produk, proses dan sistem harus dirancang untuk menggunakan materi, energi, ruang dan waktu seefisien mungkin JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

12 Prinsip Green Engineering (lanjutan) 5.

Output-pulled vs input-pushed  Produk, proses dan sistem harus dirancang berdasarkan kebutuhan yang diperlukan bukan berdasarkan output dan massa yang ada atau tersedia

6.

Conserve complexity

 entropi dan kompleksitas yang “tersemat” harus dipandang sebagai investasi ketika memilih perancangan untuk daur ulang, pengolahan atau penggunaan kembali 7.

Durability rather than immortality  tujuan perancangan haruslah keawetan sesuai target waktu pemakaian produk dan bukan keawetan selamanya

8.

Meet need, minimize excess perancangan kapasitas atau kapabilitas yang tidak perlu (misalnya “rancangan untuk semua kapasitas”) haruslah dianggap sebagai kesalahan perancangan JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

12 Prinsip Green Engineering (lanjutan) 9.

Minimize material diversity  keberagaman materi pada produk multikomponen sebaiknya harus sesedikit mungkin sehingga pengolahan kembali atau pemisahan untuk daur ulang lebih mudah

10.

Integrate local material and energy flows

 perancangan produk, proses dan sistem harus mempertimbangkan perpaduan dan keantarhubungan dengan aliran energi maupun massa yang tersedia 11.

Design for commercial “afterlife”  produk, proses dan sistem harus dirancang untuk kinerja “purna pakai”

12.

Renewable rather than depleting  input materi maupun energi harus bersifat terbarukan dan bukan habis pakai JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Thank You

JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Phone : +62 22 7206713, 7275855 ext.131 Fax : +62 22 7278860, 7274010 Mobile : +62 22 70001090 Graha Widyatama lt. 3 http : //ie.widyatama.ac.id Jl. Cikutra 204 e-mail : [email protected] Bandung 40125 JURUSAN TEKNIK INDUSTRI

PSK 8 (ERGONOMI MAKRO).pdf

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