PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING (SCAFAB) FIRSTT EDITION
NOVEMBER 22, 2013 TAY KIAN GUAN P.O.BOX 11191, 50738 KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLES OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 2
2.
AIMS ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
3.
OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.
SCAFAB FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................................... 4
5.
SCOPE BASELINE ............................................................................................................................................. 5 5.1.
WORK BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE (WBS) DICTIONARY ......................................................................... 6
5.2.
INDUSTRY .............................................................................................................................................. 8
5.3.
PERIOD IN BUILDINGS’ LIFECYCLE ......................................................................................................... 8
6.
RACI MATRIX ................................................................................................................................................. 11 6.1.
Stakeholders management& analysis ................................................................................................. 12
7.
EMBODIED CARBON ..................................................................................................................................... 12
8.
LEGITIMACY .................................................................................................................................................. 17
9.
DATA QUALITY .............................................................................................................................................. 17
10.
MECHANISM OF INTERGRATION ............................................................................................................. 19
TABLES OF FIGURES Figure 1: SCAFAB Management Plan ...................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2: Treemaps of SCAFAB’s System Boundary/ Scope Statement .................................................................. 5 Figure 3: RACI Matrix ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Figure 4: Staked Venn of SCAFAB ......................................................................................................................... 19
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
1. INTRODUCTION 1
Standard Carbon Footprint Accounting for Building (SCAFAB) provides a standard method of accounting for building carbon footprint with reference to an amalgamation of a carbon footprint database of construction works and materials for initial stage of a building project to construction project closure which then continue second phrase of accounting with carbon storage, emission delay, carbon sequestration and offsetting, till it end of life. The generic nature of SCAFAB is to quantified Carbon Footprint of a building throughout its lifecycle, not a replacement for Green Building Index (GBI) but rather act as a possible rider for point scoring, when a building’s carbon footprint is calculated and verified within quantity as determined by GBI committee members, in future. Green building is set to minimize the impact on environment including climate changes, clean water security, balance of ecology, on top of basic functionality of what a shelter defined, including occupants comfort per se. 2
SCAFAB will be a fraction of Green Building elements of which it report the level of Carbon Footprint of a 3
building that will impact on climate changes . There are numerous Product Carbon Rules (PCR) and CO2e Declared products available that captured the entire lifecycle, from cradle-to-grave, nonetheless the generic nature of construction is bound to many uncertainties, making it difficult to quantify the CO2e after the raw materials has been delivered to a specific project site despite the facts that construction processes itself contribute humongous amount of CO2e. Moreover, embodied carbon should be factored-in to reflect the actual emission throughout the lifecycle with 4
emission delay in consideration . This is a none-financial accounting method and has no association with GAAP or whichever standard of accounting methodology in the financial profession, no withstanding that, a separate Carbon Tax exemption (From Government) ensued will be included in the financial accounting accordingly, if and after such Tax exemption has been gazette, provided the building meet the criterions specified therein. No any content of SCAFAB shall contradicting to the local statutory requirements, building structural integrity, and workplace health, safety and environment. Should any of such contradiction is found, the latter shall prevail.
1
With reference to PAS 2050, ISO14020, BSEEP, AIA& etc.
2
Green Building include measurement of how it impact on the environment that it can regenerate itself, taking into consideration of carbon footprint, water footprint, eco-toxicity, on top of providing the basic needs of what a building function. 3 In order for all stakeholders involved to remedied/ improvised based on a target (either MGBC or government to set). 4
SCAFAB is cradle-to-cradle approach where calculation of CO2e during end of life& thereafter will not be calculated but materials& effects of it’s as predecessor to construction will be factor in. CO2e during serviceability period will be bookkeeping on separate mechanism/ account.
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
The SCAFAB is prepared in English language. The writer do not responsible for any effects/ changes of its original intend or meaning, out of translation into another language/s, so does the linguistic error such as singular or plural.
2. AIMS 2.1.1. Provide a common language to Carbon Footprint Accounting for Building throughout its lifecycle (cradle to craddle). 2.1.2. Obtain Carbon Tax exemption for carbon footprint building that achieve national target; promote SCAFAB rated building project.
3. OBJECTIVES 3.1.1. Set a standard of carbon footprint accounting during tendering, construction and postconstruction stage. 3.1.2. Create a holistic and seamless collation of carbon footprint accounting throughout building lifecycle and ascertain cost in relation to the carbon footprint reduction and or carbon sequestration. 3.1.3. Provide information on carbon footprint of building component’s life-cycle inventory. 3.1.4. Set rules and procedures for SCAFAB accounting.
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
4. SCAFAB FRAMEWORK
Period 1: In Love
Needs for Building
Inception& feasibility
Building functionality + Design parameters + (*Tax reduction) = Σ TargetCO2e
Period 2: Making baby
Host 3: Designed Bldg.& PostCon CO2e
Host 1: CO2e Construction Processes Database excld. Materials (SMM2)
Host 2: CO2e Materials Database (MyHijau& Sirim)
Host 4: CO2e Offset& Carbon Sequestration; (BSEEP Guide translate to CO2e Saving)
Period 3: Pregnancy
SCAFAB
Construction Stage
Period 4: Enjoy Life Period 5: RIP
Maintenance Stage End of Life Stage
Figure 1: SCAFAB Management Plan
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
5. SCOPE BASELINE 1
2
3
S1
4
5
6
7
S2
S3
K
Transportation of office staff to work& meeting
J
Non-site Office Ov erhead
8 S4
9 S1
Tendering Method (Closed Tender/ Open Tender)
MEP Design
Prepare& Submit Tender without Quantity
Prepare cost plan/Budget
I
H
Identify project objectiv e
G
Conduct feasibility Study
C&S Design
Set Organization& Management Structure
Architect Design
F
Electrical Appliances, tools, plant, machineries, funishes not form part of building within project designed
Site Toilet& solid waste treatment
Transportation of site personel/W orkers to site
E
Data
Tools, equipments&
Management
Demolition
Value Engineering
machine use for
y of equipments, Materials, prefab
Site Temporary Structure
Maintenance, Cleaning, Repair& patch-up
Obtain Permit& Approv al
Host 3: Design MEP CO2e Audit& Energy Usage
WHSE Prov ision
Host 3: CO2e Review& Audit
Site facilities
SCAFAB Audit& Review Emission Delay
Manpower
VO/AI/EIchanges affect CO2e
Designed building& Postconstruction CO2e
I ssue Tender Document
Construction Waste Management
Site Facilities
C
Site Specific Data
CO2e Materials specifications& 3R Content
Award of Tender
Data communication & Management
3R site office stationery
B
Compliance to law
Trees
Carbon tax
Design Carbon Green Tendering Sequestration Process
Solid waste treatment
& Protection to
D
Site Energy Usage
Waste Management
WHSE prov ision& compliances
Site Conserv ancy
to site
Building functionality& Requirements
Carbon Trading
demolition
e.g. Aconex
GBI /LEEDS
Site labour quarters& site canteen
communication&
Transport/Deliver
Change Land Use
Site Grey Water Treatment
Site Management Report
Trade Demo
Refurbishment
Tools, equipments&
Biomass
Within SCAFAB scope
Obtain Planning approv al
Source Finance
3R (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle
Tools, equipments& machine use for demolition
machines form
A
CO2e Target
Designed CO2e Offset
CO2e Bill of Quantity
Design
Tendering
Period 1
Host 2: Materials procurement
part of building
Method Statement
Period 3
Carbon Sequestration Audit
Demolition
Period 4
Period 5
Period 6
Period 2 Figure 2: Treemaps of SCAFAB’s System Boundary/ Scope Statement
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Not within SCAFAB
Legend:
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
5.1. WORK BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE (WBS) DICTIONARY
PERIOD
1
Y-AXIS
WBS
A
CO2e Target
CO2e target of GBI, Tax exemption requirements, Kyoto protocol requirements.
B
Building Functionality& Requirements
Number of occupant, types of building, function of buildings, social value, layout, functional requirement e.g. fire resistant, noise barrier, aesthetic value.
Site Specific Data
Location of project site, existing structure, surrounding environment, effects to surrounding (e.g. build road to connect project site to places), ground conditions, and electric power supply source.
D
Carbon Tax
Carbon tax for non-compliance (hopefully pan-out via bylaw soon).
E
Change Land Use
To established under Host 3, with reference to others countries CO2e emission conversion factor.
Designed CO2e Offset
•
C
A
•
C
Provision of organic greeneries under Host 4. Recognized that different species, size& health level of plants, location of plants absorb CO2e in different quantity.
CO2e Materials specifications& 3R Content
Host 2, included materials salvaged from existing structures, brand new construction materials with 3R content& PCR label.
Designed building& Postconstruction CO2e
Including building components (C&S, MEP, Archi) forms part of the buildings but exclude CO2e attribute from materials, electrical appliances, food &its waste, solid waste, organic waste, finishing during building serviceable period 5-6, unless mandate to develop SCAFAB II to include everything beyond building project team purview.
GBI/LEEDS
Point scoring for GBI.
CO2e Bill of Quantity
Host 1, 2&3. To established via working committee.
D
E
• • • •
A 3
•
4
Host 4 to address conversion of passive kWhr to CO2e, based on latest BSEEP published. Offset CO2e when proof is substantiated. Replace T10 to LED lights.
Design Carbon Sequestration B
2
DESCRIPTIONS
Collation of existing data (global). PCR& Filing system for new product. Standard Method for Measurement& templates. Academy& professional courses in education institution/ professional body e.g. Greencity International College, Heriot-Watt University, MGBC, Institute Surveyor of Malaysia. Web-based information management for publication& public reference.
B
Green Tendering Process
Paperless tendering
A
Materials Procurement
Selective materials procurements based on Host 2 to achieve Carbon Target.
B
Data communication& Management
Use of electronic devices in communication and data management. E.g. Aconex, SAP, LotusNote& Microsoft Access.
C
Project Information
Web-based Reporting (paperless), conduct meeting with
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
Management
projector instead of paper prints Minutes of Meeting to everyone.
D
Construction Waste Management
Include waste minimization, 3R by-product,
E
Transport/Delivery of materials, fabrication& Prefab.
Include transportation of all materials, fabrication, prefab items, logistic except existing PCR label that has included transport in its Lifecycle Inventory.
F
Demolition
Demolition of existing structures predecessor to the construction project.
Tools, equipments& machines form part of building
Designed& post-construction (Host3)tools, equipment& machines form part of building and within the building project design intend except loose items such as sofa/throw pillow.
3R site office stationery
• •
Site Facilities
All site facilities ranging from container site office, rest place to site toilet to be 3R and quantified CO2e.
Site Conservancy & Protection to Trees
• •
F
Tools, equipments& machine use for demolition
Under Demolition& Site Management Report.
A
Method Statement
Method Statement showing how works is carrying out.
Trade Demo
-Trade Demo recorded by Video showing how works is executed.
AB
C D 5
E
B
Receipts of Site Office stationeries with 3R. To collect information& analysed trend of site stationery usage.
Chemical used. Protection of existing tree for continuity carbon sequestration scheme under host 3. To substantiate with recognized arborist weekly report& horticulturist report for trimming, cutting, relocation of trees.
-Lesson learned to share to public as industry knowledge or good practices, without charges. -Copyright reserved to MGBC.
Site Management Report 6
-Record type, number, hours of manpower, machineries, weather condition, tools& equipment, site logistic (tower crane& excavator) log. -Electricity usage both off-grid& public, sources to be obtained from TNB.
C
-Waste Management Report e.g. metal recycle, demolition by-product recycle or reused as hardcore to replace aggregate.
VO/AI/EI-changes affect CO2e DE
All VO/AI/EI to that affect original CO2e calculation to be recorded for final computation of SCAFAB. Impact Analysis of changes should be stated together with the instruction. -to be a requirements under contract.
F 7
A
Site Temporary Structure
Site hoarding, sport light, pavement& etc to be included with 3R content into consideration. Host 1&2.
Carbon Sequestration Audit
Greeneries designed to be audited as plant grow, sick, die & vandalized, so does its Carbon sequestration ability.
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
-to record information into statistic. -make recommendation for farming in building to harvest double benefit (only limited to certain fruit species because plants like paddy with be a different calculation all together).
Refurbishment B
To review CO2e for SCAFAB during refurbishment or any alteration of building original design. -GBI interior-fit-out tools
C
SCAFAB Audit& Review Emission Delay
To calculate CO2e with emission delay into consideration. Preferable 5 years interval as per SCAFAB validation period.
5.2. INDUSTRY 5.2.1. The scope of SCAFAB is within the building industry which include design& project Management consultation, materials suppliers, contractors, facility management, services providers, importers& manufacturers. 5.2.2. NGO and certification body’s (e.g. United Nation (GEP, BSEEP, Sirim& EPA) guidelines& label will be adopt as reference in accounting of building carbon footprint. 5.2.3. Utility provider such as TNB should provide and update information in relate to fuel type for electrical power generation and its conversion efficiency, of the respective state/ district, where relevant. 5.2.3.1. Tracing of specific site will be based on the respective postcode/ mukim where database will be created under host 1. 5.2.3.2. Validity of such data should be 3 years or whenever available within 3 years. 5 5.2.4. CIDB should assist in data gathering for Ecological Footprint of import construction materials since all import construction materials need to go through CIDB. 5.2.5. BMDAM should assist to introduce& encourage Ecological Footprint to all local supplier along 6 the construction materials supplier chain . 5.3. PERIOD IN BUILDINGS’ LIFECYCLE 5.3.1. Inception& Feasibility (Period 1) 5.3.1.1. Land use change (1E): apart from Host 1-4, changes of land use will be factor into 7 calculation depending on the emission factor, unless no land use changes . 5.3.1.2. A possible criteria in GBI/ Public project requirement/ Private developer requirement (2E). 5.3.1.3. Set Carbon Footprint of a building project, with interest of tax exemption (1D) for developer for the project (Period 2 to 3) and tenant during period 4 which become a 8 value added process . 5.3.2. Conceptual and design (Period 2)
5
Ecological Footprint is mother of carbon footprint, water footprint, eco-toxicity& etc. that measure how it effects regeneration of resources within planet earth. 6 Construction raw materials to secondary materials e.g. cement; raw materials for pre-mixed plaster, ready-mixed concrete, concrete block. 7 To establish database for ‘change land use’ in Malaysia context, under Host 3. 8
To proposed to Government for Tax exemption as part of CO2e reduction scheme which need expert in accounting for the matter.
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
5.3.2.1. Designer to work toward achieving targeted carbon footprint set by clients with QS 9 assistance for “Bill of Quantity (BQ) with quantity” input . 5.3.2.2. Designs to use pre-determined carbon footprint database for materials selection and construction methodology. 5.3.2.3. Equivalent discount of carbon footprint is given for materials proven reuse& recycle content of the same quantum. 5.3.2.4. Specified carbon footprint level of materials and building maintenance in such a way building is constructed to be maintain with the carbon footprint set or lower. 5.3.2.5. Scope (2FGH) integrity of design in the respective field should not be compromised but selection of system effect on CO2e shall be considered. 5.3.2.6. Value Engineering is encouraged but has nothing to do with carbon footprint final designed as SCAFAB measures the final designed CO2e, where value engineering is done, furthermore SCAFAB is non-bias, none-weightages measurements. 5.3.3. Tendering (Period 2) 5.3.3.1. QS to include carbon footprint from the range of construction activities database (to be harmonized with SMM2) into BQ. 5.3.3.2. Requirements to achieve the carbon footprint as designed/ specified by designers and input from contractors to be included in contract with main-contractor, sub-contractor 10 and suppliers . 5.3.4. Construction (Period 3) 5.3.4.1. Record& Report changes make by designers (Architect/ Engineer’s Orders) or clients that affect the carbon footprint upon completion, for verification purposes. 5.3.4.2. Submission of evidence in compliance with designs. E.g. Recipes of materials purchase, trade demo records, monthly progress photo& manpower& machinery record. 5.3.4.3. Submission of Operation Maintenance Manual complying carbon footprint level set. 5.3.5. Maintenance (Period 4) 5.3.5.1. SCAFAB, does not cover carbon footprint during maintenance of building (thereafter building is handover or obtain CCC or defect liability period, whichever is later) i.e. cleaning, refurbishment, waste generated by occupant or public (external parties), energy usage& others activities contribute to carbon footprint thereafter building handover and defect liability period, whichever later. 5.3.5.2. No withstanding 5.3.5.1, SCAFAB provide a basis for building shell carbon footprint Lifecycle which encompasses all building components build-in under the building project. Unless otherwise being mandate by people& supported by government, MGBC should consider to collaborate with FM organization& all manufacturers, importers, tenants, in formulating the Carbon Footprint for building& non-building CO2e within building, 11 during period 4 . 5.3.5.3. SCAFAB, however include the expected carbon footprint output of materials, appliances, fixtures, equipment& machineries, mechanical, electrical& plumbing (MEP) build-in, during the throughout Period 3 to 5, within the design intend.
9
BQ without quantity will depend on data collation during construction stage to verify estimated CO2e output is as per design.
10
On back-to-back basis; transfer risk of non-compliance throughout the supply-chain with rationale to restore potential financial value earned from tax exemption when SCAFAB met certain criterions. 11 Energy usage for building tenants conversion to CO2e, refurbishment CO2e, cleaning agent during maintenance, paper usage& etc.
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
5.3.6. Demolition (Period 5) 12 5.3.6.1. Method of demolition intend for new building construction, not exceed continuously 13 12 months bottleneck in construction activities, should be consider under construction stage, with resources such as manpower and machineries to be recorded to calculate Carbon offset as a result of reuse land. 5.3.6.2. Demolition herein exclude demolition works after the life span of a building where it will 14 not extend or form part of a new building project , within 12 months after demolition since the quality& traceability of data, is in doubt. 5.3.7. Reuse& Recycle (Period 6) 5.3.7.1. Additional reduction of Carbon footprint shall be calculated for reuse& recycle of the byproduct however no addition will be account for even no reuse/recycle has been carry out within the demolition works.
12 13 14
before commencement of new building construction Gregory’s Calendar months Heritage conservation project or revitalized project.
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
A 1
2
Building Functionality& Requirements
C
Site Specific Data
D
Carbon Tax
E
Change Land Use
A
Designed CO2e Offset
B
Design Carbon Sequestration CO2e Materials specifications& 3R Content Designed building& Post-construction CO2e
D E 3
4
CO2e Bill of Quantity
B
Green Tendering Process
A
Materials Procurement (Host 2)
B
Data communication& Management
C
Project Information Management
D
Construction Waste Management Transport/Delivery of materials, fabrication& Prefab.
F AB
7
3R site office stationery
D
Site Facilities
E
Site Conservancy & Protection to Trees Tools, equipments& machine use for demolition
A
Method Statement
B
Trade Demo
C
Site Management Report
DE
VO/AI/EI-changes affect CO2e
F
Site Temporary Structure
A
Carbon Sequestration Audit
B
Refurbishment
C
SCAFAB Audit& Review Emission Delay
R= Responsible, A= Accountable, C= Consult, I= Inform
Figure 3: RACI Matrix
15
To filled up by working committee.
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General Public
JKR
University
ISM
BMDAM
IEM
MBAM
PAM
CIDB
MyHijau
Sirim PCR
GreenTech
GBI
TNB
MGBC
Building Owner
Facility Manager
Supplier
Government
Sub-contractor
Main Contractor
GBI Facilitator
Project Manager
Quantity Surveyor
Sound Specialist
Lighting Specialist
Plumbing Engineer
Electricial Engineer
Geotechnics
Mechanical Engineer
Demolition Tools, equipments& machines form part of building
C
F
6
GBI/LEEDS
A
E
5
CO2e Target
B
C
Civil Engineer
System Boundary
Architect
Developer
Axis-X Axis-Y
Accountant
Stakeholders
Structural Engineer
6. RACI MATRIX 15
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
6.1. STAKEHOLDERS MANAGEMENT& ANALYSIS
16
7. EMBODIED CARBON 17 7.1. Since a buildings’ life span is designed depend on its functionality thus life-cycle assessment will be account according to the type of buildings, no withstanding a building will change its original functionality as time flow or cease operation, the SCAFAB, herein specified only consider its original 18 design intend and anticipated life-span . 7.2. Global warming potentials (GWP) is based on 100years thus designed life-span of the building should be adjusted for 100years. E.g. bricks works for an institution building is expected to last 150years with XX amount of kg CO2e, the output for the entire lifespan should divide 150 years times (XX/150=YY), thus YY times 3 validation assessment years give the CO2e (YY x 3years= ZZ). 7.3. In the case where a single building consist a mixture of functionalities then the account of building life-span should end at whichever lower, unless designer enable to justify otherwise e.g. Church will continue operation despite the rear part of the building serve as nunnery/convent is expected to ceased operation before it. 7.4. Final deliverables of SCAFAB will be in total of CO2e per building and CO2e per meter square, where primary& secondary data of CO2e for a particular building materials or components is not available, 19 it can refer to the closest match items in Host 2 (as secondary data). No withstanding that % of component with no CO2e data exceeding the tolerance will not be consider for SCAFAB calculation and tax exemption ensued.
Type
Functionality
A
Residential i.e. Flat, Apartment, Condo, landedproperty (detached or non-detach), villa,
B
Institution Building i.e. Multi-purpose hall, School.
C
16 17 18 19
Account Life-span (Years)
Commercial i.e. Shops, offices, shopping mall
D
Recreational Building i.e. Hotel, Hostel, Resort, Theme Park
E
Sport facilities i.e. Swimming Badminton court, tennis court.
F
Place of worship i.e. Church, temple, mosque, Surau.
pool,
Stadium,
To discuss during working committee *as I have no idea on how good or genuine of some organizations in Malaysia. Extension of embodied carbon will be elaborated under host 3& 4. To established lifespan of various type building with statistics from REDHA, CIDB, UNDP& etc. Percentage whether in physical quantum or building cost will be discussed during Host 2 working committee meeting.
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Museum
G
Table 1: Lifespan Expectancy of building according to functionality 7.5. The lifespan of building dependent on functionality types calculate the GWP with delay emission 20 factor while each of its component subject to wear& tear where repair/replace/retrofit/ refurbishment is required. Thus, Lifespan expectancy of building each component shall be factor in as well.
Element
Typical Life Expectancy (years)
Component Name
Substructure
Foundations
110
Frame
Steel frame
83
Concrete frame
81
Timber frame
69
Laminated timber frame
65
Space frame
73
Profiled steel and reinforced concrete floor
71
Precast concrete slab
78
Timber joists
90
Softwood decking to timber joists
71
Chipboard decking to timber joists
51
Timber batten on concrete slab raised across floor
45
Timber pitched roof
84
Softwood decking to flat roof
37
Chipboard decking to flat roof
26
Woodwool decking to flat roof
34
Aluminum decking to flat roof
39
Galvanised steel decking to flat roof
35
Insulation to flat roof
36
Bitumen felt covering to flat roof
19
Asphalt covering to flat roof
36
PVC covering flat roof
27
Synthetic rubber (EPDM) covering to flat roof
25
Upper Floors
Roof& Rainwater Roof& Rainwater Disposal installations
20
just like a human need to trim finger nails, hair and as time go dieses like diabetes& cancer dawn which then require medical procedures.
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
Stairs
External walls
Tile covering to pitched roof
64
Slate covering to pitched roof
74
Thatch covering to pitched roof
31
Aluminum covering to pitched roof
37
Plastic covering to pitched roof
30
Steel covering to pitched roof
37
Composite cladding system
38
Copper sheet covering
63
Lead sheet covering
72
Zinc sheet covering
48
Cast iron gutters and rainwater pipes
51
Plastic gutters and rainwater pipes
30
Aluminum gutters and flashings
40
Lead box gutters and flashings
61
Zinc box gutters and flashings
41
High performance felt box gutters and flashings
21
Concrete stairs
74
Steel stairs
59
Softwood stairs
64
Hardwood Stairs
76
Aluminum stairs nosings
21
Plastic stair nosings
15
Fair-faced brickwork
86
Render to blockwork wall
53
Plastic profiled sheet cladding
25
Steel profiled sheet cladding
35
Glass fibre profiled sheet cladding
27
Aluminum curtain walling
43
Plastic curtain walling
27
Structural glass curtain walling
43
Hung tile cladding
45
Timber weatherboarding
30
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PROPOSED STANDARD CARBON FOOTPRINT ACCOUNTING FOR BUILDING- 1 EDITION
Plastic weatherboarding
28
Softwood windows
36
Hardwood windows
50
Aluminum Windows
44
uPVC Windows
37
Steel Windows
50
De-mountable steel partitioning
31
De-mountable aluminum partitioning
31
De-mountable glass reinforced gypsum partitioning
29
De-mountable glass partitioning
29
Internal softwood door
42
Internal ply-flush door
33
Internal hardboard flush door
31
Internal glass door
29
Roller shutter doors
18
Plasterboard to wall
26
Clay tiling to wall
39
Vinly sheet floor covering
37
Vinly tile to floor covering
17
Linoleum floor covering
18
Carpet floor covering
20
Parquet tile floor covering
13
Epoxy resin based floor covering
39
Timber skirting
20
Plastic skirting
51
Ceiling Finishes
Suspended ceilings
27
Fittings
Kitchen wall units
18
Kitchen floor units
18
Cast iron sanitary fittings and soil vent pipes
55
Plastic sanitary fittings and soil vent pipes
36
Plastic water storage tank
36
GRP water storage tank
38
Windows
Internal Wall
Internal Doors
Wall Finishes
Floor finishes
Disposal Installations
Water Installation
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Heat source
Space heating and Air Treatment
Electrical Installation
Lift Installation
Protective Installation
Site works
uPVC water storage tank
34
Copper pipework
47
Boiler
20
Solid fuel back boiler
21
Major pump
14
Radiotors
29
Thermostatic radiator valves
17
Aluminum air-conditioning ductwork
34
Steel air-conditioning ductwork
30
Air-conditioning chiller
17
Air-conditioning pump
17
Air-conditioning fan
15
*Heating programme controller/timer
18
Thermostat controls
17
Electric lighting circuits
32
Electric power circuits
30
Fuse box/consumer unit
29
Power outlet socket
28
Light switch
27
Flourescent luminaires
16
Fluorescent tube
4
Incandescent light bulb
2
Traction drive passenger lift
30
Hydraulic passenger lift
28
Industrial scissor lift
22
Wet riser sprinkle system
33
Dry riser sprinkle system
42
Sprinkle head
26
Timber fence
22
Steel fence
28
Concrete chain and post fence
25
Insitu concrete pathway
37
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Concrete paving slab pathway
31
Block paving
36
Concrete surfacing to roadways
30
Macadam surfacing to roadways
24
Table 2: Life Expectancy of Building Components.
8. LEGITIMACY 8.1. SCAFAB does not contradict to any local statutory requirements, structural integrity of building, workplace health, safety and environment. Should any contradiction exist the later shall prevail, subject to Architect/ Client’s representative discretion, for period between1-3. 8.2. Unless subject to local statutory order then compliance should be carry out immediately with written/verbal notice to Architect/ Client’s representative, with or without instruction from the aforementioned in reciprocal.
9. DATA QUALITY 9.1. Data Quality 9.1.1. Generally calculation of carbon footprint worldwide has none claim 100% accurate as there are myriads of parameters affecting the climate changes so does the magnitude in effect where GHG (Greenhouse Gas) and anthropogenic in the matter. For the sack of harmonized and able to comprehend in congruent with prevailing standard, the Global Warming Potentials (GWP) take reference from ISO 14050:2009. 9.1.2. Nonetheless, as far as accuracy is concern; 9.1.2.1. Tolerances of collection and compilation for primary data is cap at 5% of CO2e in quantum (mass, unit=kg) 9.1.2.2. Tolerances of collection and compilation for secondary data is cap at 2% of CO2e in quantum. 9.1.3. Monte Carlo analysis will be performed on Technical uncertainty out of limited data quality, ineffective sampling, wrong assumption and incomplete modelling. ± Ranges will be stated upon calculation to reflect the accuracy of data. 9.1.4. Another forms of uncertainty arise is natural variability which is accounted for in the definition of a product carbon footprint as an average, or representative figure, so it does not need to be quantified. 9.1.5. Since SCAFAB recognize external CFP (e.g. MyHijau, Sirim, Carbon Trust, AIA) thus reference made from it is deemed 100% accurate. 9.1.6. The kg CO2e (mass) should be round figure during calculation. 9.1.7. SCAFAB is a carbon declaration tools, explicit as accurate as possible to the actual CO2e with 21 current available information, thus no weightage will be factor into summation of components, nevertheless, comparison of similar products/building components/elements/building/township is encouraged to optimize selection of the
21
Unlike green building measurement tools, SCAFAB is non-bias as carbon footprint will is tangible& quantitative measurement and thus should reflect the actual output. Analogy: the amount of calories in food you consumed is quantify base on type of food& quantity you take but to how you reduce it with alternative food is largely you call. E.g. Caloric value of milk to cook curry and suntan differ.
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aforementioned in design for lowest CO2e with others key project parameters e.g. funding, timeframe, scope& time. 9.2. Exclusion 9.2.1. During Taking-off wastages are not allowed (as per SMM2) however wastage should be added 22 into Carbon footprint calculation. The assumption of wastage . 9.2.2. (4E) Transport of goods (materials, prefabs& equipment) with existing CO2e PCF shall be excluded to avoid double account, unless the particular PCF does not include transport of the goods to site or if the goods is not under PCF which will be calculated and record into host 2 database. 9.3. Requirements Traceability Matrix 9.3.1. Unless goods& services used is within existing eco-label with designated carbon footprint value from recognized sources, building materials manufacturer should files carbon footprint Host 2 for MGBC calculation. 23 9.3.2. Code of identity for product should make reference from MGBC recognized products . 9.3.3. Original copy of receipts should be furnish by all stakeholders to substantiate compliance of materials acquisition. 24 9.3.4. Site Management Report with appointment letter of each site personnel should be 25 furnished .
22 23 24 25
Average construction materials wastage to be establish under Host 1 MGBC to consolidate all recognized PCR label product data& newly files product into Host 2 database. Site Management Report to include manpower, machineries, conservancy report, arborist weekly report& etc. Except for none full time project team and external parties such as sales person, suppliers delivery man.
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10. MECHANISM OF INTERGRATION
SCAFAB Host 3: Designed Building& Post-Construction CO2e Host 4: CO2e offset& Sequestration
Host 1: CO2e Works Database Host 2: CO2e Materials Database
LCI Data base Figure 4: Staked Venn of SCAFAB
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