Point of Emphasis There are multiple ways to draw attention to the most significant object in a frame. Size and Closeness of Object Large or small; far or near
Focus Sharp or blurred
Movement o r Lack of Movement Static or in motion
Point of Emphasis
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Camera-to-Subject Distances The position of the camera creates a visual effect. The effect will change depending on how close or how far away the camera is from the subject.
Long Shot
Subject
Medium Shot
Subject
Subject
Close-up
Extreme Close-up
Subject
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Camera-to-Subject Angles The angle of the camera in relation to the subject also creates a visual effect. A high angle creates a different effect than a low angle or a straight-on shot.
High Angle Camera is above subject.
Subject Low Angle Camera is below subject.
Eye Level Camera is straight on.
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Three Principles of Visual Design The principles of design explain the qualities of an artwork. They describe the organization and relationships of the elements of design.
Depth
Contrast
roportion
P Depth
and
Depth
Depth
Depth
balance
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The Building Blocks of Visual Design Visual elements of design do not occur in isolation. In some instances, one element may dominate the image. The elements give artists a vocabulary to use.
Space
LINE
Color
Shape
Texture
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A Brief History of Visual Effects Substitution Shot 1895 Motion Capture
Stop Motion Animation
1990s
Early 1900s
Early SFX Timeline
Motion Control Photography
Matte Shot Early 1900s
1960s
Bluescreen Photography
Miniatures, Models & Sets Built to Scale
1930s 1920s
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What Is Light Intensity? Light Intensity The cinematographer controls the amount of light in a frame or shot.
High-Key Lighting
Low-Key Lighting
More areas of brightness
Fewer areas of brightness
Result?
Result?
More detail can be seen. The mood is generally cheerful, happy, playful.
Less detail can be seen. The mood is often mysterious, suspenseful, sad.
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Three Ways to Control Light
Direction of Light
Intensity of Light
Quality of Light
• Back
• High-key
• Diffuse
• Under
• Low-key
• Medium
• Side
• Direct
• Front
Lighting influences not only what the audience sees but how.
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Cinematic Point of View (POV) Which POV will a filmmaker use to trigger an emotional response in the audience?
Cinematic Point of View How the camera–and therefore the audience–sees the action.
Objective POV
Subjective POV
The audience is an outsider, observing the action.
The audience is an insider, participating in the action.
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Camera Movements Fixed Camera
Subject moves within the frame.
Camera moves on a fixed base. Pan horizontal, from right to left or left to right Tilt vertical, up and down Zoom from far to near
Mobile Camera
Cinematographer holds the camera.
Camera is mounted on a mobile platform or rails. Dolly on wheels Track on rails Crane on boom or arm
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Editing Decisions— Pacing and Continuity Pacing is the overall rhythm and timing of scenes. The editor, working with the director, decides how many shots to include in a scene, which shots to use, and where to begin and end each shot. Shot 1: Bobby steps out of the boardinghouse and follows Mr. Carpenter.
Shot 2: Bobby walks along a fence, following Mr. Carpenter.
Shot 3: Bobby walks down another street, following Mr. Carpenter.
Shot 4: Bobby enters the mall where the spaceship is.
Shot 5: Bobby steps closer to the trees to watch what Mr. Carpenter is going to do.
Continuity is the order in which shots are arranged. The editor and director decide what shots should come first, second, and so on and which shots to discard completely.
Bobby gives Mr. Carpenter a flashlight.
Bobby follows Mr. Carpenter to the spaceship.
Mr. Carpenter signals Gort, and the robot comes to life.
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Editing Decisions-Scene Transitions Technique Fade (In or Out)
Dissolve
Wipe
Cut
What does it look like?
Timing
One image appears out of or disappears into darkness.
Slow
One image melts or overlaps into another.
A vertical bar moves horizontally across the screen, replacing one image with another. An abrupt change is made from one image to another.
Slower
What meaning does it suggest? • A passage of time or a change of location
• A long passage of time or a change of location • Symbolically links one thing to another
Quick
• A passage of time or a change of location
Quicker
• A short passage of time or a change of location
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What Are Cinematic Devices? Composition Selection of images and how they are framed
Pacing and Continuity
Cinematography
Sequence of images; the juxtaposition and timing of the images
Camera distances and angles; lighting and movement
Layers of Meaning
Soundtrack Visible and invisible sound effects and music
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