..

PL/1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This manual was largely compiled from material prepared BY THE STAFF OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN COMPUTING CENTER.

Their documentation was invaluable and we are indebted to THEM FOR ALLOWING US TO USE IT. 1N PARTICULAR, THE FOLLOWING WERE MOST USEFUL:

MTS Users' Manual, Second Edition, Volumes I and II MTS Users' Manual, Third Edition, Volume 2

Introduction to MTS and the Computing Center (Flanigan) Computing Center News Items Computing Center Memos

The Computing Center wishes to personally acknowledge the ASSISTANCE OF MK i EALEXANDERAND DON BoETTNER WHO HELPED US TO ESTABLISH MTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA.

Acknowledgement should also be made to the Computing Centre, University of British Columbia, for information obtained from SOME OF THEIR DOCUMENTATION AND TO I.B.M., WHOSE MANUALS PRO VIDED CERTAIN SECTIONS FOR OUR MANUALS.

DISCLAIMER

This MIS manual Is a combination of earlier manuals,

update notices, memos and limited experience with the system Itself. Because of this, certain discrepancies are bound to occur and the Computing Center would appreciate being notified

of all differences between what this manual says and what the sys tem actua 1 1y does.

This publication is intended to represent the current

state-of-the-system. However, it should not be construed as an obligation to maintain the system as so stated. The MTS

system, like most good systems, is continually being improved. As a result, additions, extentions, changes and deletions will occur. Notice of such changes will be made and provision for a manual updating service has been planned. Errors, comments and suggestions should be sent to: Information Coordinator Computing Center

Un i vers Ity of A1berta

PL/1 May 1970

PL/1 TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S

SUMMARY

1.01

LANGUAGE

DESCRIPTION

References Conventions

and

Printer/Punch

Data

2.01

Restrictions

Control

Interchange

Characters

2

2.01 2.01

2.03

03

Combination of pL/I with other Languages ...2*0A PROCESSOR

DESCRIPTION

Compiler Description Batch EXECUTION

Running How to

Options of Options Compilation

TIME

a

C O N S I D E R AT I O N S

PL/1 get

a

program dump

*PL1LIB

PL/1 batch CPUTIME ELAPSED IHEREAD IHERITE PLIADR PLCALL PLIRC band SIGNOFF USERID

3.01 3.02 3.03 3.05 A.01

A.01 A.03 A.OA

SUBROUTINES

5.01 5.01 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.03 5.OA 5.05 5.07 5.07 5.08 5.08

1.01 PL/I

SUMMARY

* P L 1

SCARDS = source input

SPRINT = listing & diagnostics SPUNCH = macro and/or object decks 0

=

object

Paramete

module

rs

PA R = [ I / O k e y w o r d s ] , [ o p t i o n s ] , . . . . I / O k e y w o r d fi l e m o d i fi e r p a r a m e t e r s : @ U - u n d e fi n e d l e n g t h @V @F

-

@B - blocked @A - attach CC bit @M - a 11ach MCC b i t

variable length fi x e d l e n g t h

Opt i ons:

[

iiMIfL

CHAR60

]

r COMP . ^'iToTCTMP-'

[,DECK .

NODECK^

r E B C D I C ,

r LIST .

"• TTY ^

NOLIST^

FLAGS

r,LOM ]

r

'•NOLOAD"'

MACDCK

,

r

NOMACDCK^ ^OSOURCE^

I, XREF .

FREE

rA

.

r.C60, r ld ,

NLD^

Default

^

1

STMT NOSTMT

r

D

Va 1 u e s :

SPRINT = *MSINK*@VA(129,125) SPUNCH = *PUNCH*@F80 =

GUSER

=

OPT SIZE

60

= =

=

01 lOP

(1

,72)

['n|] [.^]

[•Shd]

SCARDS = *MS0URCE*@U80

SM

[

^

[ 0 = n ] [ , L C = n ] [ , S[.SIZE=yyyP] IZE=v

LC

^'NONESTJ

Abbreviated

t'Nj

0

r nest ,

[,LINECNT= n] [,OPT = nn] [,SIZE = yyyP] r SORMGIN=(m,n,c),

NOXREF-*

Options

.

r S0URCE2 ] ^'N0S0URCE2

r SOURCE.

[. OPJJST. ^NOOPLIST^

MACRO

^'NOMACRO^

[,SM=(m,n,c)^

2.01

PL/I

LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION Refe

rences

The following IBM manuals are recommended as reference texts

.

1. A PL/1 Primer (C28-6808)

2. A Guide to PL/1 for Commercial Programmers (C20-1651) 3. A Guide to PL/1 for FORTRAN Users (C20-1637) A. PL/1 Reference Manual (C28-8201)

5. PL/1 (F) Programmer's Guide (C28-650A) The MTS Compiler is derived from IBM's 03/360 fourth version F - l e v e l P L / 1 C o m p i l e r w i t h m o d i fi c a t i o n s f o r M T S f e a t u r e s .

Conventions 1.

and

INCLUDE

Restrictions convention

The following is the sole support: INCLUDE ident i fi e r , . . . , i d e n t i fi e r ; w h e r e e a c h i d e n t i fi e r r e f e r s t o a n M T S fi l e . T h e s p e l l i n g r u l e s f o r a P L / 1 i d e n t i fi e r m u s t a p p l y . H e n c e , o n l y p e r m a n e n t fi l e s c a n b e used

2.

for

INCLUDE.

U n s p e c i fi e d fi l e n a m e s W h e r e fi l e n a m e s a r e n o t s p e c i fi e d , t h e P L / 1 c o m

piler will default to SPRINT/SCARDS instead of SYSPRINT/SYSIN. 3.

TI

ME

funet

ion

Returns the current time of day as a character

string of length eight in the form hh:mm:ss where hh is hours, rani is minutes and ss is seconds.

A.

D AT E

function

Returns the current data as a character string of length eight in the form mm-dd-yy where mm is m o n t h , d d i s d a y, y y i s y e a r. 5.

D E L AY

statement

If executed, will generally raise an error comment that delaying is not permitted in MTS. 6.

WAIT

statement

IsnotsupportedinMTS. 7 . M u 11 i - 1 a s k i n g

Is unsupported in MTS since a single MTS task can not

have

subtasks.

2 . 0 2

PL/I

Environment options in MTS. CONSECUTIVE

dataset

consists

only

of sequential records. This organization is as s u m e d i f n o n e i s s p e c i fi e d . INDEXED

dataset

is

an

whose

MTS

records

line

can

be

fi l e

pro

c e s s e d b y t h e i n d e x e d fi l e subrouti

REEC OCRO R D

nes.

RFDO R MFAOT R M A T F ( b l o c k s i z e , r e c o r d s i z e ) V(max-b1ocksize ,maxrecordsize ) U(max-block s i ze)

P I OI N N G P OOSSI TI T OI N IN

G

L E AV E

and REWIND options are used to position a magnetic tape volume when

t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g P L / 1 fi l e closed or when swi tch occurs.

a

volume-

COBOL Opt i on S p e c i fi e s t h a t fi l e s w i t h t h i s a t t r i b u t e w i l l contain instructions mapped according to the COBOL

a l g o r i t h m . T h i s t y p e o f fi l e m a y b e u s e d o n l y f o r READ INTO and WRITE FROM statements. The following

fi g u r e s i l l u s t r a t e t h e e q u i v a l e n t P L / 1 d a t a t y p e s for COBOL data types. CO C OBBOOL L

PL/1 PICTURE with A and/or X

D I S P L AY

picture

character

COMPUTATIONAL

decimal length (=no. of 9s in p i cture) is 1

to

5 to 10 to

k

no equivalent

9 18

F I X E D B I N A RY ( i n t e g e r no equ i valent

C O M P U TAT I O N A L - 1

F L O AT ( n ) B l N A RY ( f o r n < 2 1 ) F L O AT ( n ) D E C I M A L ( f o r n b 6 )

C O M P U TAT I O M A L - 2

1) FLOAT(n)BINARY (for n << 221) F L O A T ( n ) D E C I M A L ( f o r nn << 66))

C O M P U TAT I O N A L - 3

FIXED DECIMAL (precision and scale as in COBOL pic ture) .

2.03 PL/I

Printer/punch

Control

Characters

Two options are available for RECORD CONSECUTIVE OUTPUT

fi l e s o n l y ; C C a n d M C C . T h e y h a v e t h e f o l l o w i n g m e a n i n g : CC

-

carriage

control

MCC - machine carriage control is used. These op tions allow spacing, skipping in record I/O

fi l e s . I t i s t h e u s e r ' s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o i n s u r e t h a t t h e fi r s t b y t e o f e a c h r e c o r d contains

a

valid

control

character.

These

options are ignored in stream I/O, and the

g e n e r a l d e f a u l t ( e x c e p t f o r p r i n t fi l e s ) i s

NOCC.

Data

Interchanqe

The ALIGNED and UNALIGNED attributes allow PL/1 programs to use FORTRAN unformatted records. The FORTRA unformatted set consists of records which are a concatenation of internal data items with

o u t r e g a r d t o a l i g n m e n t s t r i n g e n c y. For

example:

INTEGER*A LOGICAL^l

REAL*8

A B

C

WRITE(5)A,B,C This record can be declared as PL/1 structure of 3 data

i

tems

:

DECLARE 1 R UNALIGNED, 2 S F I X E D B I N A R Y, 2 T CHAR(l)

2 U FL0AT(16) ; There are two exceptions:

1. PL/1 (F version k) compiler does not support halfword binary data. 2. FORTRAN IOCS can split its logical records into

several physical records, a technique called spanning. Only unspanned FORTRAN records can be read by PL/1 using UNALIGNED structures.

II. For COBOL data interchange, see COBOL options on the previjou«5 p^g«.

2.0k PL/I

Combination

of

PL/1

with

other

languages

Possible combinations of modules written in other lang uages with those in PL/1 is considerably limited since most

other languages are not structured to support advanced fea tures of the PL/1 language. Assembler users must have an intimate knowledge on the object code structure and require

ments of PL/1 programs. Appendix C of PL/1 (F) Programmer's Guide (form 028-659^-3) describes the PL/1 structure in

de t a i 1 .

3.01

PL/I

PROCESSOR DESCRIPTION N ame : Con ten ts :

The initial object module of the MTS PL/1 Compiler Compilation of MTS PL/1 source programs.

Usage:

The F-level PL/1 compiler is invoked by an

appropriate $RUN command specifying *PL1 as the fi l e

where

the

object

module

is

to

be

found.

Log i ca1 I/O Units Refe

renced: SCARDS

source input followed by an implied e n d - o f - fi l e

S P R I N T SPUNCH

or

$ENDmLE

command,

listing output, in^uding diagnostics

\nacro deck and ob^ct deck output,

^ject module output. $RUN *PL1 Y^QUADRAT /

0

Examp1es:

[(whereXsCARDS ayl SPRINT default to

* S 0 U
SC\RDS:^RIME SPUNCH=-L0AD PAR=DECK,NLD,NT

$RUN $RUN Des cri pt i on

*PL1

SPUkl H^*PUNCH* PAR=M ,MD,NOCOMP ,S0URCE2

The MTS Compil^ iN^rived from IBM's OS/360 fourth versio^ F-leve\PL/l Compiler with mod i f i cat i orv6 for MTS features.

3 . 0 2

PL/I

Compi1er Opt i ons

Compiler options may be passed by the parameter list or in a control record. These options can be written in any order a n d m u s t b e s e p a r a t e d b y c o m m a s . i f c o n fl i c t i n g o p t i o n s a r e s p e c i fi e d , t h e l a s t s p e c i fi c a t i o n i n t h e o p t i o n l i s t w i l l b e I I C A H

Option

A / bbreviated

name

Defau1t

AT R / N O AT R

A/NA

NOATR

CHAR60/CHAR48

060/0^*8

CHAR60

COMP/NOCOMP

C/NC

COMP

DECK/NODECK

D/ND

NODECK

EBCDIC/TTY

EB/T

E B C D I C

EXTREF/NOEXTREF

E/NE

NOEXTREF

F L A G W / F L A G E / F L A G S;

FW/FE/FS

FLAGW

LC=60

L I N E C N T

LIST/NOLIST

L/NL

NOLIST

LOAD/NOLOAD

LD/NLD

LOAD

MACDCK/NOMACDCK

MD/NMD

NOMACDCK

MACRO/NOMACRO

M/NM

NOMACRO

NEST/NONEST

NT/NNT

NEST

OPLIST/NOOPLIST

OL/NOL

O P L I S T

0PT=01

O P T = n n

S I ZE=yyyP

S I Z E

SIZE=10P

SO RMGIN=(mmm,nnn ,ccc )/FREE

SM/F

SM=(1,72)

SOURCE/NOSOURCE

S/NS

SOURCE

S0URCE2/N0S0URCE2

S2/NS2

S0URCE2

STMT/NOSTMT

ST/NST

STMT

XREF/NOXREF

3 . 0 3

PL/I

Description

of attributes

of

listed.

In

each

i d e n t i fi e r

addition,

an

are

to

aggregate

be

length

table is produced for arrays and structures CHMeO/CH/KRkQ

DECK

allows the source language to be written in one of two character sets (60 or ^8 characters).

EBCDIC/TTY

to

s p e c i fi e s t h a t t h e o b j e c t m o d u l e wri

tten

on

be

SPUNCH.

these options allow the programmer to state

in

which

character

code

the

source

program is typed. The BCD option is not supported. The

following

table

gives the correspondence between teletype graphics and PL/1 symbols. TTY

Graphics

•

K e y Comb C o mi bnai nt a i t ion on

PL/I

Syi

sh i f t-0 sh i f t-L f

ot

sh i f t-N

o t h e r s EXTREF

causes a listing of

the

d i ct i ona ry (ESD) of t h e

external symbol object module to

be produced. FLAGW/FLAGE/FLAGS

s p e c i fi e s t h e s e v e r i t y o f d i a g n o s t i c messages to be listed. The following types of messages are indicated: le of message

lec i f i cation FLAGW

w a r n i n g e

r

FLAGE

ror

severe

FLAGS

error

terminal

error

FREE/SORMGIN=

(mmm,nnn ,ccc )

where

1

^

mmm

<

nnn

<

100. The

range

(mmm,nnn) represents the margins for scanning s p e c i fi e d ,

source statements. ccc, if must be outside the range

(mmm,nnn) and indicates the position

3.04 PL/I

in the input line to be used as a car riage

control

buffer.

character

Va l i d

control

in

the

SPRINT

characters

are

"» 0, +, and blank. The FREE option

is equivalent to SM=(1,100). LINECNT=XXX

s p e c i fi e s t h e n u m b e r o f l i n e s t o b e wr i t ten per page.

L!

s p e c i fi e s t h a t t h e g e n e r a t e d m a c h i n e Instructions, constants, etc. are to be

ST

p rInted. LOAD

s p e c i fi e s t h a t t h e o b j e c t m o d u l e I s t o be written on logical unit 0. causes the output records of the complletlme processor to be written on SPUNCH.

If this deck Is to be reprocessed, the s o u r c e m a r g i n s s h o u l d b e s p e c i fi e d S M = ( 2 , 7 2 ) . s p e c i fi e s t h a t c o m p l l e - t l m e p r o c e s s i n g I s required.

I f s p e c i fi e d , c a u s e s t h . e P L / 1 c o m p i l e r t o

indicate In the source listing the PROCEDURE and BEGIN block level count as well as DO 1 eve 1 count.

controls the listing of the options cur r e n t l y a c c e p t e d b y t h e c o m p i l e r. two levels of optimization are now available: 0 P T = 0 0

the object time storage requirements are

minimi

zed.

0PT=01 the execution speed is slightly im proved at the expense of object-time storage

space.

the compiler attempts to obtain nn pages of v i r t u a l m e m o r y. T h e f o l l o w i n g t a b l e s h o w s the text and dictionary blocks to be used. CO re size (in pages) block size (In pages) ^8

1

^50

2

^100

4

s p e c i fi e s t h a t t h e s o u r c e p r o g r a m I s t o b e 1 I s t e d o n S P R I N T.

3.05 PL/I

specifies ttiat th-e Input to the conptle'* time processor is to be listed.

specifies that extra code is to be produced to allow diagnostic messages printed during the execution time to contain statement numbers s p e c i fi e s t h a t c r o s s r e f e r e n c e s o f e a c h i d e n t i fi e r a r e t o b e l i s t e d .

The logical I/O units used by the PL/l-F compiler are as ro11ows: U n i t

Default record format

SCARDS SPRINT SPUNCH

U(IOO) U(129, 121) F(80) F(80)

0

Principal

Functions

source input

listing output object deck and macro deck

object module output

-SYSUT^

auxiliary

scratch

fi l e

for compile-time processor Batch compilation

Th e MTS PL /1 co mp i l e r c a

lThis u - is^IS achieved pachieved r o c e s sby mpreceding o r e t h athe n second o n e e(and xtern al cedure. This each n t ) ccompilation o m p i l a t i o n by b y aa c o n t r o l r e c o r d o f t h e f o r m : subsequent) % PROCESS('option list')

Tine h e Tirst fi r s t p position o s i t i o n must m u s t have have r

pro

a percent sign C^). There may

e lanks between the percent sign and the keyword PROCESS. _

I

«

•

.

PRnrpq^' should no blanks embedded between of thetheP op of PROCESS and thebe sem,co1 on. There is no carry-over tions used previously. If the user does not wish to specify any opt"ons, he should place the semicolon right after the

achTeved^ Following shows how batch compilation is $RUN >vpLi o = A PAR=LOAD ,NODECK [source program one ]

EPROCESS('LOAD,NOEXTREF,ATR') ; [source program two 1

EPROCESS; [source program three!

$ENDFILE

$RUN A+*PL1LIB

■'

^.01 PL/I

E X E C U T I O N T I M E C O N S I D E R AT I O N S

Running a PL/1 program

It Is an absolute necessity that the main program be written In PL/1. Otherwise, one may be greeted with the message

"IHEOO6I NO MAIN PROCEDURE". Running nothing with *PL1LIB will also produce the same message. A simple program may be run by specifying: $RUN MYPR0GRAM+*PL1LIB

Since stream I/O routines In PL/1 process character by char acter (rather than record by record), extra information describing record format and length may be needed. The following record formats are supported:

u[£]

(max-b1ocksIze)

(max-blocksize, max-recordsize)

F[B][fJ] (blocksi ze , records I ze) stands

for

u n d e fi n e d

format

records.

The

maximum blocksize Is the largest length that a

record

can

have.

stands for variable length records. The f o l l o w i n g fi g u r e I l l u s t r a t e s V - f o r m a t . ( u n b l o c k e d V- f o r m a t )

d a t a d a t a

d a t a

d a t a

( b l o c k e d V- f o r m a t ) w h e r e

d a t a

consists of data bytes, not less than 10 In

number

r e c o r d c o n t r o l fi e l d ( A b y t e s l o n g ) d e s c r i b e s the length of the record Including the record cont

ro1

fi e l d .

b l o c k c o n t r o l fi e l d ( A b y t e s ) s p e c i fi e s t h e overall block

length control

of

the

fi e l d .

block

Including

the

^.02 PL/I

The blocksize must be greater than or equal to record length plus

four. stands

for

fi x e d

records.

These

records

can be blocked together. The blocksize must be an integral multiple of the re cord

B

says

that

size.

records format

A

sets

the

CC

may

records

bit

on.

be

cannot

It

blocked. be

is

U-

blocked.

used

primarily

for printer and punch control characters

w h i c h a r e p l a c e d i n t h e fi r s t p o s i t i o n of data bytes . M

sets

the

MCC

bit

on.

I f A o r M i s n o t e x p l i c i t l y o r i m p l i c i t l y s p e c i fi e d a N O C C b i t w i l l b e s e t . S t a n d a r d P L / 1 fi l e s h a v e t h e f o l l o w i n g d e f a u I t s : PL/1

Print All

fi l e n a m e

fi l e s

such

Record

as

others

SPRINT

Format

VA ( 1 2 9 , 1 2 5 ) U(80)

R e c o r d f o r m a t s , c a n b e s p e c i fi e d b y i n s e r t i n g t h e s e i n PA R = 1. $RUN C0PY+*PL1LIB

PA R = S C A R D S = * S O U R C E ^ @ F

2. $RUN FMAINT+*PL1LIB

PAR=INTER=*TAPE*@F(2^00,600) MASTER=*OLDMAS*@U(132)

EXCEPTIONFILE=-E@U(300) SCARDS=*S0URCE*@F(80) 3.

conversational

$RUN BLDLIN #EXECUTI0N BEGINS SYSPRINT - SPECIFY FDNAME OR SEND END-OF-FILE

*SINK*@VA(U1 ,137) INTER - SPECIFY FDNAME OR SEND END-OF-FILE

*INTER*@FB(2400,600) L AY F I L E - S P E C I F Y F D N A M E O R S E N D E N D - O F - F I L E

- L AY F I L E @ F ( 1 7 6 ) / ' E X E C U T I O N T E R M I N AT E D

Filenames are automatically truncated to 8-characters. Also environment options can be extracted to default record format

4.03 PL/I

4. Passing parameter strings

$RUN

PA R + * P L 1 L L B *SINK*;ABC

PA R = S P R I N T ^

PAR; PROCCSTR) OPT(DNS (MAINl ; DCL(STR,PARSTR} CHAR(255)

VA R ;

I = INDEX(STR,' ;

IF l=0|i=LENGTH(STR) T H E N PA R S T R = ' ' ; E L S E

PAR=SUBSTR(STR,1 + 1) ; PUT DATA (PARSTR) ; E N D PA R ;

How to get a dump

In most cases, a single diagnostic message suffices and a

dump is rather useless and expensive. Hence PL/1 library rou

tines do not abend (except in catastrophic cases such as "IHE0041-INTERRUPT IN ERROR HANDLER") but return MTS with the

code set in the register 15. If a PL/1 user prefers to have a dump, he may insert a simple statement (or the like) in his p

rog

ram:

ON ERROR CALL IHEDUMP ;

This routine IHEDUMP prints useful information. The output is on the file PLIDUMP with the default "PL1DUMP=*SINK*".

The information consists of;

1) SPRINT buffer and intermediate buffers, if any

2) Files currently open 3 ) C u r r e n t fi l e i n u s e 4) Save areas

5) On -units, interrupts and other details

The routine IHEDUMP then calls on ERROR to dump everything if any $ERRORDUMP was previously encountered.

l^.ok PL/I

N ame : C o n t e n t s :

^PLILIB

The subroutine library for PL/1-compi1ed programs. * P L 1 L I B i s c o n c a t e n a t e d t o t h e fi l e c o n t a i n i n g

the object modules resulting from a PL/1 compilation in a $RUN command. $RUN

OBJECT+^PLlLiB

*PL1LIB contains the object modules of subroutines

which may be invoked by PL/1 compiled code. it is formatted as a library and hence only those object modules

which

are

referenced

pre

loaded.

1

5.01 P L / I

PL/1 SUBROUTINES

The following subroutines are intended to be called

« directly from PL/.I p rog rams .

i

Name:

Purpose:

B AT C H

To

determine

whether

ational

Declaration:

DECLARE

in

batch

or

convers

mode.

B AT C H

ENTRY

RETURNS(BIT(1)); Description; Example:

IF

Returns

'I'B

B AT C H

if

in

THEN

batch

mode;

otherwise

'O'B

STOP;

E L S E G O T O R E T R Y;

Name:

Purpose:

CPUTIME

To

obtain

in

seconds

the

CPU

time

since

the

start of the current program. Declaration:

DECLARE

CPUTIME

ENTRY

RETURNS (FLOAT BINARY) ; D e s c r i p t i o n : R e t u r n s t h e fl o a t i n g - p o i n t v a l u e i n s e c o n d s since the start of the program. Example:

S TA RT

TIME:

PROC;

DCL (TIMEl, TIME2) STATIC FLOAT BIN, CPUTIME ENTRY RETURNS (FLOAT BIN); TIME2 = CPUTIME; RETURN ;

T I M E : E N T R Y F L O AT B I N ; TIMEl = TIME2; TIME2 = CPUTIME;

RETURN (TlME2 - TlMEl); END ;

5 . 0 2

PL/I

Name:

ELAPSED

P u r p o s e : To o b t a i n i n s e c o n d s t h e e l a p s e d t i m e s i n c e the Declaration:

DECLARE

start

of

the

ELAPSED

program.

ENTRY

RETURNS (FLOAT BINARY);

D e s c r i p t i o n : R e t u r n s t h e fl o a t i n g - p o i n t v a l u e i n s e c o n d s ^ since

the

start

of

the

program.

'

Examp1e:

PUT EDIT ('ELAPSED TIME - ELAPSED, ' SECS') (A, F(15,3), A);

•i

5 . 0 3 PL/ 1

♦

Name :

IHEREAD, IHERITE

Pu rpose :

Allow PL/1 user to gain nearly complete control o v e r I / O , e s p e c i a l l y l i n e fi l e s .

De c 1 a rat i on :

DCL (IHEREAD,IHERITE) ENTRY ( /* character string preferably varying »/, B I T ( 3 2 ) , / * a 3 2 - b i t m o d i fi e r * / DEC FIXED (9,3), /* a line number in the

s

range from -99999.999 99999.999^/

to

F I L E / * fi l e n a m e * / ) ; Des cr i pt i on :

1 . T h e fi l e , i f i t i s t o b e u s e d b y I H E R E A D o r I H E R I T E , m u s t b e a r e c o r d fi l e w i t h u n d e fi n e d format

2.

It

or

will

mixes

unblocked

be

the

these

REWRITE

fi x e d

user's

format.

responsibility

subroutines

with

READ,

if

he

WRITE

or

statements.

3 . A n o u t p u t fi l e c a n n o t b e u s e d f o r I H E R E A D , n o r a n i n p u t fi l e f o r I H E R I T E . A n u p d a t e fi l e

A.

can

r

used

both

for

IHEREAD

and

IHERITE.

I f t h e i n d e x e d b i t o f a m o d i fi e r i s o n , a l i n e number must be provided. Otherwise, a data interruption may likely occur or some unpred ictable results will come up. In addition, in case of IHEREAD, the character string will be come a null fetring when there is no line as sociated

Examp1es :

be

with

the

line

number.

MAIN: PROCEDURE OPT 1ONS(MA 1N) ; DCL (IHEREAD,IHERITE) ENTRY (,BIT(32), DEC FIXED(9,3) ,FILE) , BUFFER CHAR(121)VARYING, MOD BIT(32) INIT ((32) 'O'B) , LINENR DEC FIXED (9,3), NUTS FILE; ON ENDFILE (NUTS) GO TO FINSH; OVER: CALL 1 HE READ(BUFFER,MOD,L1NENR,NUTS) ; PUT SKIP LIST (LINENR, BUFFER); GO TO OVER; /*THE ABOVE ACTS L1KE A "$LIS" COMMAND COMMAND*/

e

F I N I S H :

CLOSE FILE(NUTS); OPEN FILE(NUTS) UPDATE; SUBSTR(M0D,31) = 'I'B; /* TURN INDEXED BIT ON */ CALL IHERITE (' ' , MOD , 1 .0 , NUTS) ; /* DELETE LINE #1 */ CALL IHERITE (' THIS IS LINE #2.5', MOD, 2.5,NUTS); /* 1NSERT THE LINE #2.5 */ RETURN ; END MAIN;

5.04 PL/I

PL!ADR

To o b t a i n a p o i n t e r t o P L l s c a l a r c o n s t a n t s and Decla rat i on :

variables.

DECLARE PLIADR RETURNS(POINTER) ;

C a 11 I n g S e q u e n c e PLlADR(ARG)

ARG-any scalar constant or variable (not strings, arrays, or structures). R e s u 11 :

The

value

argument.

of

PLIADR

is

the

address

of

the

5 . 0 5

PL/I

Names:

PLCALL,

PLCALLD,

PLCALLE,

PLCALLF

P u r p o s e : To e n a b l e t h e c a l l i n g o f n o n - P L l C F O R T R A N a n d

assembler) procedures which require a standard S type linkage from PLl programs.

D e c l a r a t i o n s : D E C L A R E P L C A L L D R E T U R N S ( F L O AT, 1 6 ) ; DECLARE PLCALLE RETURNS (FLOAT, 6); D E C L A R E P L C A L L F R E T U R N S ( F I X E D B I N A RY ( 3 l ) ) ; Call Ing Seq uence:

CALL CALL CALL CALL Arguments:

FN

a

PLCALL(FN, N, PL) ; PLCALLD(FND, N, PL) ; PLCALLE(FNE , N, PL) ; PLCALLF(FNF, N, PL) ;

subroutine which has been declared to the ENTRY attribute and which does not a

FND

have return

va1ue.

a function which has been declared to the ENTRY attribute and which returns

have a double

p r e c i s i o n fl o a t i n g p o i n t v a l u e ( R E A L M S i n F O R T R A N ; l o n g fl o a t i n g r e g i s t e r 0 i n a s s e m b l y code). FNE

a

function

which

has

been

declared

to

have

the

ENTRY attribute and which returns a single pre

c i s i o n fl o a t i n g p o i n t v a l u e { R E A l * k i n F O R T R A N ; s h o r t fl o a t i n g r e g i s t e r 0 i n a s s e m b l y c o d e ) . FNF

a

function

which

has

been

declared

to

have

the

ENTRY attribute and which returns an integer

value (INTEGER*^ in FORTRAN; general register 0 in assembly code). N a number with attributes FIXED BINARYOD which is equal to the number of arguments

b e i n g p a s s e d t o F N , F N D , F N E , o r F N F. N may be 0.

PL a parameter list of the N arguments to be passed to FN, FND, FNE, or FNF in the order required

by the subprogram. The arguments are separated '

the

name

of

the

by commas. If the argument is a string var iable, array variable, or structure variable, argument or a pointer to the argument may be used; for example, ARC or

ADDR(ARG). If the argument is a scalar variable, a pointer to the argument must be used; for

example, ADDR(ARG). If the argument is a scalar constant, a pointer to the argument must be used

which can be produced by PLIADR, which see. If N = 0, there is no parameter list and no comma after

N.

5.06 PL/1

Res

u1ts

Return

:

The values of PLCALLD, PLCALLE, and PLCALLF are the values returned by FND, FNE, and FNF r e s p e c t I v e 1 y.

Code:

The return code placed in general register 15 by FN, FND, FNE, or FNF may be interrogated using

Examp1es:

PLIRC,

which

see.

/* ARSIN AND DARCOS ARE FORTRAN LIBRARY FUNCTIONS */

D E C L A R E P L C A L L E R E T U R N S ( F L O AT ( 6 ) ) ;

DECLARE PLCALLD RETURNS(FLOAT(16)); DECLARE (ARSIN, DARCOS) ENTRY; DECLARE (ARSIN, ANGLE) FL0AT(6); (ARCCOS, DANGLE) FL0AT(l6); D E C L A R E F 1 F I X E D B I N A R Y ( 3 1 ) I N I T ( l ) S TAT I C ;

ARCSIN = PLCALLE(ARSIN, Fl, ADDR(ANGLE) ) ; ARCCOS=PLCALLD(DARCOS, Fl, ADDR(DANGLE)); D E C L A R E D I S M N T E N T R Y; D E C L A R E 1 PA R A L I G N E D S TAT I C ,

2 LEN BIT(16),

2 TA P E C H A R ( 3 ) I N I T ( ' * T * ' ) ; LEN=BIN(3, 16, O) ; CALL PLCALL(DISMNT, Fl, PAR);

f

5.07 PL/1

PLl

N ame :

RC

To i n t e r r o g a t e t h e r e t u r n c o d e p a s s e d b a c k

by the last call on PLCALL, PLCALLD, PLCALLE, or PLCALLF or set by IHESARC.

DECLARE PLIRC RETURNS (F I XED BINARYOD);

Dec 1arat i ons :

C a 11 i n g S e q u e n c e : PLl

RC

The value of PLIRC Is the contents of general

Res u 1 t

register 15 when the procedure called using PLCALL, PLCALLD, PLCALLE, or PLCALLF returns; or the value set by IHESARC whichever is most recent. For FORTRAN subroutines, the value

returned in general register 15 is ^ times the value of the integer after RETURN IF PLrRC-4 THEN GO TO ERROR;

E xamp1e:

Name

:

RAN

D

Purpose: To compute random numbers between 0.0 and 1.0. Decla rat i on:

DECLARE RAND ENTRY

(FIXED BINARY (31)) RETURNS (FLOAT BINARY); Des c r i pt i on:

The argument I as in RAND(l) must be a variable initialized within the range (1,2 -2). The value returned by RAND(l) is between

T

0.0

and

1.0.

In

addition,

the

variable

is changed so that a different random number is

f

Examp1e:

generated.

R A N D O M : P R O C F L O AT B I N ;

D C L I F I X E D B I N ( 3 1 ) S TAT I C INIT (52A287) RAND ENTRY (FIXED BIN (31)) RETURNS (FLOAT BIN) ; RETURN (RAND ( I ) ) ; END ;

I \

5.08 P L / l

N ame :

S 1 GNOFF

P u rpose:

To s i g n o f f

Declarat

i

on

;

Des c r i p t i on :

D E C L A R E S I G N O F F E N T R Y;

C l o s e s a l l o p e n fi l e s , i f a n y , a n d t h e n

it

signs the user off E xamp1e :

I F B AT C H C A L L S t G N O F F ;

N ame :

USERID

Purpose:

To

Decla rat i on:

DECLARE USERID ENTRY

obtain

the

current

four

character

userid

RETURNS (CHARACTER (A) ) ; Des or i pt i on:

Return

Examp1e:

PUT LIST (USERID) ;

the

userid

V

%

/