. irl

.

UNIT-s

MODREN ENGINEERING MATERATS

l.wiat wne'i

are 3hap. menorV

a

oys?

m

e' c'L heared abov. rhe rannormarton remper!rurF,rh€n rhere willb! som. chcnge h ryjrctst,uftur., which carses !h. maleria, ro,erurn ro i6 o,leinal $ru1"re, surh mareria,! are caIed:hape mero.y a.tovs 2. Wliat dre melaIicpt.sses?

N4ehit classes .re the newtv dev€loped en8rneering mated.ts ihE DlopertGs orboth

med; and glasses.

v?htch shares

They are slasses havtna

meta[i.

3.Whbt.rc the mech.nr.al prcperdB or

>lE > >

r.emely high slri:ncth due to the sbse.ce of point defe.ts, dislocation

I

iThey have hish etsricirv

;They are hichty dudite

4,Wh& arc the ele.tri.rt pbp.nterot meta t. Eles5er?

> lElectri.alresktiviry otmetallicgtasse3

ts

high (>1OO[O-cm)And it does

not va'y much w'lh remp.rarure Due to hish i;sistivlty, ihe eddycuoenl tors isvery smatt.

s.Wh.tarethe mesn.ri. proDenies of metaliceta3sesi

>

Metallic slasser h:ve both soft masnetic and hard magnetic

>

Th ey

>

Th€ core loses

exhibit h igh

s

atu

ralio.r magn etsation

ofhetallk

o

elasses

lre very

less,

6.whatarerhechenicatproperiiesotmetaIi.Cla!es?

' :.' :'" 'u' ' o''de I m in.hromiuh.onra >

'"ro,narolo,

po

..

n.eEttr$es.

Ihey are htghlyreactive andstabte

7.What are th€ appti.atiohs oi m6t.iti. gtarses?

!

s

n.e,l k ioraffecred

> rhe,'a'"

l,

by

adirtion, theyatu u5ed

n.

Ls"d,n |"ad
si.L. m-a,,k Bt/$c. .e-arpas !Lo( 6rd, io1, fl_tva orodu..ro 1or hrsh ndg.eric t:erdr

8,Whatis the adabtage ofBins metalicslasses harerial?

as

e

ureo

i

$ansformer co.e

sevDoap$,o v.nasnetj.ro$es. h,Ef :'".t:*,"et( _aAnen .tion w rn lor. .ocrc.{.ry

IiIlL9':'::' perneao ryaa isatJ.al.o_

rhes. prcpe,ries hakethen

urrr*,,"*a,r* _. eratrkEtas\(s

_","ria

s.

Moreover

".e v,r"r," rr; ;;;:;;,, ;;"

9.Whatare shape me60ry aloys?. .,oyr whi(t_ c\drgp,.om tlr o,rg.n.t $apc,o. newshapewfr. h..tingo, coo..gr"a,, *,[ ,.,""r;,"",r;;.

tO,Wtrai aro ttro p,opentes olshrpe

,lfey

Gn

ekl

-u,,

rEnorya

oys?

F t*o ditseP-t so,id p!asej w,lh,r,<(tnct (rv,al strucl,rej in e

\'r'orl pi."do eta ,.,1y.

ili)Si4A exhibir retr heatins effect.

,v"

Uwhatare the appthario.s of shape mehory

j>

EyeBlass

f6hes

> .>

Heti.opl€rbiades .

>

Cofiee maker

I

Btood c ot

l2lrhat

ts

altovs?

Ler

slais hanrlriontehpe.arurc?

rh{temp{atr..r wFkt- rhe rra.si,:or non [qJto {ne6[jc tiqu.d) ro !olE{8l.jr) oc(urs \ tnotrn as rFF gtasslrcrstrDn tehp€.ature. ,3.What .re n.no Fhase mat.,tats? Nanophase materiahare newtydevetoped materia

wtth grah size at th€ I Thepa4rce sire i. stmpty caled as 1.no phase m.reriaE,

rnonetrerarSe (ro'amri.e, int-e o,derot nadb

hat.n.

.s

l4.What.re the

1. n,rhey pfi y5tcat

> lolFaro

ar

s

loorf

propedt* of hanomatertati?

otcll rt(ldncFs wih ctuner5ize

O Or"",u, ,r.rn"-."n."

",t.,un.,

15.Whlt 3re the hechanic.t propertiB of n.nomatertatstr

>

HiSher hardfe$ and mechanicatsrrensth

> v€ryhi8hductitityandsuperptasticbehavro!ratlow 16,What are the niasneti. prcFerties ot nanomaterials?

'4

Non-m.snericmateriats become maghetic when rhe

, to8oatofis.

moment in.reases with d€cre.se in coordinarion nu naterials crhibit superp.rzmaBnerism ar nanog.ai.

I

lT.M.niion thF d:Fe err nructrr.! o,.arbon nanorub€st

>

Arm cha r srructure

,

ZiC-Zag

>

Chiralsrructrre

sltrclrte

13.Whatarearm{hair,zierag,ardchitatst.udure

!

When the axk ofthe nano rube parat€ hexaEon-ARM cHAtR

tocc

. - ZiS laC r'r[rp.onrslorirb.! spprp-ndnLa.ro..oond(. - lr.hirrl..r-. r.e.C-" bond * n.'-edlorub"r,.s l9.MenUo. the te.hniques used !o prcduce.arbon nanotuhes?

> E a.r. ar' cr.cha,semcthod > Pulse lasErtechnique > Chdmical vapo!. deposition 2o.Mentlon few phydc.t

-

prcreiie! of cNT?

> CNThave high st.enEth,to-eelsht ratio, > Theyarehtghryreslstanttochemicalreaction >

The oxidation temperatlre is

10;a

2l,Mentlon any lour appIc.!io., ot CNit

I {

i

!.

I { ,i

>

t

Theca.oor..Ttubes{cNT) drevery r8hrr.w",sht,bu heyrreve.y nrong,he' ce th6y are u5ert i4 ..rosp3-e rhevare-iea r co1>tru(fngndroscate e,edroniL devices CNI.re lsed i^ battery eteckodes, tuel.e[s, re nforcinS fi6re5 etc. CN-arcurd 1 dev.,oprerr of ttar pane, dtsptav tor conputer mor lo. andteievlsD.

22,M.ntlonrh6.Epp (artonsotD.aophrrehat..iit? {

l

>

Naro oh:se mare'.aL a,e u
lheyare us.d ln maklns ofefilclentsemkondudor ahd aDk

7

I

l

'

PART.B

,t,

.t

I

the PreParatlon and ProPertles

M.talllc Gla3ses are the amorptr'!s meta '5o!idswhich and bene'(o(onor reslstan(e ;ood hasnetic proped€s ;oth the proped,esotmetals and Blasses PRINCIPTE:

sext'emerap'd(oo"13of the 1'at'ngdet4i,'cB'rs+3 Tn.orlrcipieLseo as quenctung' mollen allovThe te(hn qle B called

ma$ive rollea are feo:1ro l'i8hlY allovs Foiel @oled 'ondudlng lhes€ m'tallrc glasses' hich speed roBVe bbons of

't

METHODsOI PN;PARAibN:

2,Mllt .Plnnhg sYsiem

-

I

3.Mltertr.clion 'v
EXPERTMENIAL SEIUP:

'ffil:"i*:*kikil#3n[* lniide the rcfractory tube'

in order

to heat the alloy

coil

I

{ ]

Cof,pdr

-

@r ro rhe re.?rro,v Iube,nd .re,ndurrion h.are. ! (w,rched .::.lov oN.'lhk har lrp aloy a"d.e-(€ rhe.,p", hear.r.o\;";;;;,;.1;;J" 6

'rt@Bh ll^! noTi ert Ae ct,d.to,y rub. on ro rf. .otah.E rler ano b mad. roLoo
I p ro

oert ie5

>

Metdltcsiass.s haveTCp st.ucture

>

They do not have any crystal defects slcha,

e.airboundariesdislo€rionser. 2

HiAh

i i i

l

corosioh resisrance

Possess

hatteab ,ty )duati[tyetc

(4

]-!,,-*1.

3. MaEneti. Drooeftv

>

and demacnetised TheY can be'aslLv maSoetited

>

loop Hale verY naiiow Hydereds

,>

Exhibitverv

Low HYsterisG loss

i > nn,in* t tgi, t"tttt'n"" "t""tatut >

temperature ilec!.ical r€sistaice will norvarvwith

>

Lo{endvc!(entloss

GLASSE5: APPLihATtONS OF METALIIC

1 Ar ih€

metaLlrc slases are malleabl€

pre$ure ve$el' windlns to relnforce

drfferent rhey are used to mate strons/hard' arevery 2. asthe metallic slatses kinds of sprinss. to make computerim"mo'ies' nO' t'O"'lv' thev are uled a.

Ur"-"*

magh

"*t'

etoieski a n'€

se nso rs

eic

ExiFerPscr Felr?6 power transrorme6' orhish a.;!s used in @res sursicar are used h reactorvessers'

;.;:.;rn, *-',""

ett' c!p1, manne cdbles

o

ri*"

r. rr'.V

o

*

*"

"'-'a!ce'thev

*t "n**o *'adiation' *"din t"ta' "tt'pe

; ;;;;*r'.

r"*' **"e

I

i

'l

t i I

I l

I

nuclear reactdrs' ihev are used ln

recorder' co'es oft6ndormeretc'

I

I 1

thev are used in as slper conducto.'

iielos' pr6duclon ol hish rdgner(

and th. .hancterbtici 6fshap€ memory alloYs(sMA) 3h.pe rhatsMAaredaleialwhich r.!emhles its o.ichal

DEFINITION:

wtich chanse rrom its shape MemorY Alioys are rhe alloys to its .ew shaPe while heating or cooliis 3rid itwil!returi

AUslEl'llTE

MARTENSITE

> lthas lcwi.fioerature > !t is sott in ihis Phase > h this it h; two forms twinhed and delormed

@

The rhape h€m ory attoy which have chanBe lnits shape ar constant tempe6ture are calied supetselastic sMAand lhat effect ts kDown as
IYSTER'SIS:

Fo,ansMAdurifscootinsptucess,amarte;siterta^s{m.)andends(m!)and ring heatir g process, aultenite strrs (A!)and eids {A.),n b round rhar thev .o not ovq,ap w lh ea.l" othe, drd fl^F rBnrtormdt,ol p-oces( d u

exnibn(,he

form offivsreftis cu,ve.

ex:

]+ >

4

Ni-Mn-Ga and Fe based aloy

At present it h atso avaitabte PROPERTIES OF

i.

na.ophase

AILOYI 'VI.TI

> lt has high shape memory > Denntv ofNt.tiis 6.45

stratn

> lt has htgh mehin8 polntof 1?ooc > rts tla nsformatto. temp.Erudv;d;s > h h very high therhat stablllty > rthashighco osion.€rtstan.c

i

uJ,",l

a.

7

,!

>

Eyeglassframes

>

HellcoPrerblades

> lor,whlch

ar€ movab'l€ and ilexible'

APPIICATION? 3.WIiIIE SHONT NOTE' ON NANOPARTICLES ANDfHEIR size at thc Na.obnasG m.terial! .re .ewl! oeveropeo materia s rltn a6ln e in rne o d'rof 1_loo nm The part'cle 5l'rr^

."""1"r".1g" 1ro".t

hano materr.l ls 1nm.-rhev are slmplv called a5 nanomateiials' APPLICATIONS:

i

f .i,lECHANtcaL ENGltltERlNG

>

used to mate hatd metals Si.cethev are stronse r, lighte r €tc-,ih ev are

>

spin valves They ar€ used in giant ma8neto resistance

>

N,n6-MEMs.re

us'ed in

i

lG, optic'l swit;hes etc'

EngineerlnS 2, Electri..l, Elec$onict .nd Gommunlcation

>

TheV are used in ene.Svstorage

devi4s such ar maBnetic refilgeration

.

aad'aioni. baneries

>

oisp€Eed

>

a.e used .5 quantum electtonlc orderlY assembled nano_mate'iak

iaio'

re@rdine devlces matenah are used in magnetlc

I I

devices

and rY 3, aomputerS.ience Engineering

>

laptop Nano materialsare Lrsed in mobiles'

>

store informat@n insmallchips These materials areused to

>

laser Thev are used to make temiconducto'

I

t

4,Blo medkil and chemk6l Enginee.ins

>

Consolidated nano phase partictesare

>

Siosefsitive nanopaniclesar6 used in the production of DNA chips, bio

>

Nanostru.t!red ceranicmate'iah are ured in sy.th.ticbones,

4.DISCUSS THE APPLICATIONS OF CARSON NANOTUBES?

>

Ihe erbon nanotlbes(CNT) areve.VtightinweiCht, buttheyareverv strong,hence they are used tn aerospace

t

>

They are used in.onstructirg nanosca ereb.vohicdevices

t

CNT are used in battery etectrodes,

).

CN-areLs-d r.devetophFrt or.tal pdne, dn0tav

>

cohposite CNTS are used a: a tighr weiohtsh etding materiatJor e ecr-ona8netir.adiation

ii

>

fuetcelhi reinforcirg fibre5 etc. ltor

compurer monrlor

Plastic

Light weighr CNTS are used in militaryand commu.tcataonssystemsior

oro'e.1ir8 :ompurei! and ejecfiont. devic$

>

SemicondlctinsCNrs are used

>

Semirondu.tin8 g:s€s

>

i,,rdro

as

CNTS are used as

ruo.((;n 5ear rscata,vy

s,OISCUSS ANY TWO TECHNIqU

ES OF

ANO MENTION TTS PROPERTIE!?

swttchins devic*.

chemicatse.sorto derect varioLs

ror

lomec\er cstr.actton,

SYNIHESIS OF CARBOiI

I) PULsED LAs!R DEPOSITION PRINCIPLEI

rr. ra*i

DLrre ot qiEh rnrensirv ard en.r8v rs rsed ro ryapor

craPhite

@

NANOTUA$