May 1, 2017 Nationalism & Liberalism Essential Question #1: What changes did nationalism and liberalism bring about in Europe during the 19th and 20th Centuries? Learning Target A: Describe the origins, beliefs and impact of nationalism *Nationalism (p. 526): The love of one's nation (country) rather than one's native region, city, family, clan, religious faith, etc. • Members of a nation considered themselves a distinctive people born into a unique community (nation) that shared a common language, customs, cultural traditions, values and historical experiences. • They were bonded by feelings of loyalty and patriotism (country and ideals are worth fighting for) • In sum, a nation is based on: > the land > a common past > a common future > political ideals > the people

Nationalism: Cause & Effects Pride is one common aspect of nationalism. People’s loyalty to their family or local leader expands into something bigger, encompassing an entire nation. In France, Napoleon had tapped that spirit of nationalism to form a massive volunteer army. As the army overran much of Europe, nationalism spread with it. In some places, it arose in the form of an “usagainst-them” response to foreign invasion. In other places, it resulted from admiration of the French system. Nationalism had two main effects. It stimulated the breakup of multinational empires. It also helped create nation-states by unifying people of the same ethnic origin living in separate states.

May 1, 2017

Nationalism & Liberalism Essential Question #1: What changes did nationalism and liberalism bring about in Europe during the 19th and 20th Centuries? Learning Target A: Describe the origins, beliefs and impact of nationalism Origin Napoleon increased feelings of nationalism among those he conquered. Spread ideals of the French Revolution Effects of Nationalism 1. 2.

Stimulated the break-up of multinational empires helped create nation-states by unifying people of the same ethnic origin living in separate states

*Unification: Groups with common language, history and culture wanted to unite under own governments

Most Nationalists agreed on unification, but did not agree as to what type of government their nation should have

Learning Target B: Explain the differences between the political views of the liberals and the reactionaries. (Ch. 21:5)

Congress of Vienna: When: After defeat of Napoleon in 1815 Why: Meeting of European leaders with goal of restoring order, keeping the peace and suppressing the ideas of the Revolution. (see p. 529 for three principles on which their decisions were based)

Reactionaries vs. liberals Reactionaries (Reactionary): people who not only oppose change but would also like to undo certain changes. (return to monarchy) Liberals (liberalism): believed in individual rights and the rule of law. (establish a republic democracy)

May 1, 2017

Political Spectrum p. 515 & 530 Republic Democracy

Moderate

Liberals

Radicals

Conservative

Reactionary Absolute Monarchy

Left

Center

Limited (constitutional) Monarchy

Right

LABEL:

Unification of Germany & Italy Learning Target C: Identify the goals of nationalists in Italy and Germany and summarize the challenges they faced in accomplishing these goals

May 1, 2017

Read various reading passages posted in the daily agenda and answer the following questions in your notes. (Make sure to include key parts of question in your answer so you can study the information at a later time without the aid of the question) 1. Why was the Revolution of 1848 an important turning-point for nationalism and liberalism? 2. For both Italy and Germany, unification was led by a strong state. What were the names of these two states? 3. What type of governments were used in the newly unified nations of Italy and Germany? 4. List two common features between Italy and Germany that helped bring about unification

Similarities: Unification of Italy & Germany Influenced by the French Revolution & Napoleon Sought greater unity after the Revolutions of 1848 Initially inspired by nationalist organizations Unification led by a powerful state (Sardinia & Prussia)motivated by a desire to expand their power War against neighboring countries Defeated Austria Conservative Reformers