USOORE43137E

(19) United States (12) Reissued Patent

(10) Patent Number:

Karabinis (54)

(45) Date of Reissued Patent:

FILTERS FOR COMBINED Ep

0 506 25 5 A2

(75) Inventor: Peter D. Karabinis, Cary, NC (US) (73) Assignee: ATC Technologies, LLC, Reston, VA

9/1992

(Continued)

(Us)

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

App1_ NO; 11625596

(22) Filed:

Jan. 24, 2012

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

RADIOTELEPHONE/GPS TERMINALS

(21)

US RE43,137 E

Declaration of Gary Churan Regarding Frequency Response of a

Jan. 4, 2006

Garmin GA 27C GPS Antenna Module and attached Summary of Laboratory Results Entitled Desens1tization Performance of GPS

Related US. Patent Documents

_

.

(64) Patent No.: Issued:

.

.

Receivers and MSV System Implications”.

Reissue of:

6,785,543 Aug. 31, 2004

(Continued)

Appl. No.:

10/353,548

Primary Examiner * Temesgh Ghebretinsae

Filed:

Jan. 29, 2003

Assistant Examiner * Richard Chan

U.S. Applications: (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/074,097,

(74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiMyers Bigel Sibley & Sajovec, PA.

?led on Feb. 12, 2002, noW Pat. No. 6,684,057.

(57)

(60) Provisional application No. 60/322,240, ?led on Sep.

14, 2001, provisional application No. 60/393,191,

A satellite radiotelephone system includes a space-based component, a plurality of ancillary terrestrial components, and a plurality of radiotelephones. The space-based compo nent is con?gured to provide Wireless radiotelephone com

?led on Jul. 2, 2002.

(51)

Int. Cl.

H04W4/00 (52) (58)

ABSTRACT

(2009.01)

US. Cl. .................. .. 455/427; 455/435.1; 455/12.1;

munications using satellite radiotelephone frequencies. The

455/13.2; 455/63.3; 455/428 Field of Classi?cation Search ................ .. 455/430,

plurality of ancillary terrestrial components include a plural ity of ancillary terrestrial component antennas con?gured to

455/13.1, 117; 370/315, 310

provide Wireless radiotelephone communications using at

See application ?le for complete search history. (56)

least one of the satellite radiotelephone frequencies in a radia tion pattern that increases radiation below the horizon com

References Cited

pared to above the horizon. The plurality of radiotelephones are con?gured to communicate With the space-based compo

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,051,477 A * 4,118,706 A *

10/1978

Kerr ....... ..

4,131,892 A * 4,131,893 A *

12/1978 12/1978

Munson eta. ...... .. 343/700 MS Munson et a1. ...... .. 343/700 MS

4,737,796 A 4,881,082 A *

4,901,307 A

nent and With the plurality of ancillary terrestrial components. Each radiotelephone also includes a GPS signal processor

9/1977 Murphy et a1. ...... .. 343/700 MS .. 343/700 MS

and a GPS mode ?lter that is con?gured to suppress energy at

(1575.42—A) MHZ, Where 0
4/1988 Bonebright et al. 11/1989

telephones and methods are also discussed.

GraZiano .................... .. 342/432

2/1990 Gilhousen et al.

89 Claims, 14 Drawing Sheets

(Continued) Spice Bned

Component

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US RE43,137 E Page2 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

5,073,900 A

3/2001 Goerke

213321333 3}

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5,099,249 A *

3/1992 Seavey ................. .. 343/700 MS

6’236’354 Bl

5/2001

5,220,334 A *

6/1993 Raguenet et a1.

6’239’742 Bl

5/2001 Kramer

5,300,963

A

12/1991 Mallinckrodt

6,201,967 B1

*

4/1994

Tana-k3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

5,303,286 A *

4/1994 Wiedeman ..

5337 060

8/1994

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. 343/700 MS

Harada

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351/44

455/428

................ ..

343/700 MS

.

6,240,124

B1

5/2001

62461880 B1,,

etal Kramer

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Wiedeman et a1

6/2001

Iizuka

6,253,080 B1

6/2001

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Podger ........................ ,, 343/867

1

1

'

.

513391330 A

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33332 gffgluéfal

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632723430 Bl

33332 g‘edeman “311 “en 33332 $23?

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1

1

A A

g}

5,566,354 A 11 10/1996 Sehleerrrer .................. .. 455/427 515841046 A

12/1996 “41111111828111

etal

8/2001 Kramer

g}

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6,370,117 B1*

4/2002 Koraitim etal. ............ ,, 370/232

4/2002 Zappala

3/1997 Mellrrrekredr

6,374,094 B1

2123313355; A

2333; VD‘gflileman “31

6,377,209 B1

5,675,742 A 11 10/1997 Jain 61211. .................... .. 709/226

2131215? E}

33333

5,734,716 A *

3/1998 Kulberg ................. .. 379/433.13

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7/2002 Kramer

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9/2001 Krasner 10/2001 Luders 11/2001 Sheynblat et a1.

5,612,703 A a

455/446

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5,761,605 A

6/1998 Tawil @1211.

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8/2002 Krasner

517651098 A

69998 Bella

6,449,461 B1

9/2002 Otten

517811156 A

7/1998 Kramer

6,490,443 B1*

A 5,825,327 A

33332 5:11“ 10/1998 Krasner

5,831,574 A

11/1998 Krasner

5,832,379 5,835,857 A

11/1998 Mallinckrodt Otten

6,522,865 B1 53 ’

1

12/2002 Freeny, Jr. ................... .. 455/406

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8/2003 Kr???“

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212331333 616541357 5% B1

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5,844,985 A 11 12/1998 Kulberg etal. ........ .. 379/433.13

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1400“ Kmbinis

6,725,159 B2 3%

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5,850,612 A 11 133333 12/1998 giggle? Kulberg etal. 31' .......... .. 455/575.7

5,878,329 A 5884142 A

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g?

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8/2004 Karablnls

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7/1999 5/1999 Grybosetal' Fairholm 6131.

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134333: 2/2005 Karabinis

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618791829 B2 618921068 B2 619371857 B2

4/2005 Dunaetal ' 500% K b. . 't 1 800% Kmbm!“ 3'

5,940,753 A 8/1999 Mallinckrodt 5,945,944 A 8/1999 Krasner 5,966,100 A 11 10/1999 Podger ........................ .. 343/742

5,991,345 A

11/1999 Ramasastry

619751837 B1

5,995,832 A 610021363 A

11/1999 Mallinckrodt 12/1999 Kramer

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5/2011 Ball et a1. .................... .. 343/725 9/2002 MuniIFS . 10/2002

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2002/0177465 A1 11/2002 Robinett 3333433332; A} 33333 gamma en et a1.

610911933 A

70000 Sherman et ’11

2003/0054762 A1

3/2003 Karabinis

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3/2003 Karabinis et a1.

611041340 A

80000 Krggfeft '

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2003/0054815 A1

3/2003 Karabinis

2003/0068978 A1

4/2003

2003/0073436 A1

4/2003 Karabinis et a1. 8/2003 Karab1n1s 4/2004 Monte 6131. 5/2004 Loner

2003/0149986 A1

611311067 A 611331871 A 63133874 A

10/2000 G. d M 100000 e: ' 10/2000 Kramer

2003/0153308 A1 2004/0072539 A1 2004/0102156 A1

6,150,980 6,157,811 6,157,834 6,160,994 6,169,878 6,198,730 6,198,921

11/2000 12/2000 12/2000 12/2000 1/2001 3/2001 3/2001

2004/0142660 2004/0192200 2004/0192293 2004/0192395 2004/0203393 2004/0203742 2004/0240525

A A A A B1 B1 B1

Kramer Dent Helmet 31, wredeman Tawil et a1. Hogberg etal. Youssefzadeh et al.

455/428

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Karabinis et a1.

8/2003 Mey?elelerel.

7/2004 9/2004 9/2004 9/2004 10/2004 10/2004 12/2004

Churan Karabinis Karabinis Karabinis Chen Karabinis Karabinis et a1.

US RE43,137 E Page 3 2005/0026606 2005/0037749 2005/0041619 2005/0064813 2005/0079816 2005/0090256 2005/0118948 2005/0136836 2005/ 0164700 2005/0164701

A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1 A1

2/2005 2/2005 2/2005 3/2005 4/2005 4/2005 6/2005 6/2005 7/ 2005 7/2005

Karabinis Karabinis et Karabinis et Karabinis Singh et a1. Dutta Karabinis et Karabinis et Karabinis Karabinis et

a1. a1.

a1. a1.

a1.

giggiitizlét al‘ 2005/0201449 A1 Zoos/0208890 A1

9/2005 Churan 9/2005 Karabinis

EP EP EP EP EP W0 W0 W0

1 059 826 1 152 254 1 152 254 1152 254 1 193 989 WO 98/29968 WO 01/54314 WO 2003/079488

A1 A2

A1 A1

12/2000 11/2001 11/2001 11/2001 4/2002 7/1998 7/2001 9/2003

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Braasch, Michael et al.; “GPS Receiver Architectures and Measure IIIGIIIS” Proceeding ofthe IEEE, V01. 87. N0. 1, Jan. 1999. PCT International Search Report for PCT/US 03/12701.

2005/0221757 A1 2005/0227618 A1 2005/0239399 A1

10/2005 Karabinis 10/2005 Karabinis et a1. 10/2005 Karabinis

Global Positioning System Overview http://WWW.colorado.edu/ge Ography/gcra?/notes/gps/ gPS~hUTl1 revised May 1, 2000 (?rst Pub listh in Sep- 1994)

2005/0239403 A1 2005/0239404 A1 2005/0239457 A1

10/2005 Karabinis 10/2005 Karabinis 10/2005 LeViIl et 31~

Global.com, “Globalstar Demonstrates World’s First Prototype of Terrestrial System to Supplemental Satellite Phones,” http://WWW. globalcomsatphone.com/gobalcom/globalstariterrestrialisystem.

2005/0245192 A1

11/2005 Karabinis

2005/0265273 A1

et 31' 12/2005 Karabinis et a1.

html, Jul, 18, 2002, 2 pagest Ayyagari et al., “A satellite-augmented cellular network concept”, Ewe!” Networks VO' 4’ 1998’ pp' 189'198'

Zoos/0272369 A1

12/2005 Karabinis et al‘

I uropean Search Report for European App. No. EP 07016723.4,

2005/0282542 A1

12/2005

“sued N0“ 20’ 2007' .

Zoos/0288011 A1 2006/0040659 A1

12/2005 Dutta 2/2006 Karabinis

2010/0220024 A1 *

Karabinis

9 /20 10 Snow et 31‘ “““““““““ H 343/772

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS EP EP Ep EP EP EP EP

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

597 506 748 755 762 762 797

225 255 065 163 669 669 319

Al B1 A2 A2 A2 A3 A2

5/1994 11/1996 12/1996 1 / 1997 3/1997 3/ 1997 9/1997

EP EP

0 831 599 A2 0 831 599 A3

3/1998 3/ 1998

.

.

Australian Of?ce Action (2 pages) corresponding to Australian Patent Application 2007216650; Mailing Date: Sep. 15, 2009. European Of?ce Action (2 pages) corresponding to European Patent

Application No. 037218476; Mailing Date: Jan. 1, 2010. European Of?ce Action (2 pages) corresponding to European Patent Application No. 037218476, Mailing Date Feb. 14, 2008. Of?ce Action, Canadian Patent Application No. 2,489,395, ACT Technologies, LLC, Jul. 9, 2010, 7 pages. Canadian Of?ce Action (2 pages) corresponding to Canadian Patent Application No. 2,725,832; Mailing Date: Mar. 7, 2011. Of?ce Action for Mexican Patent Application No. MX/N2008/ 014573; Dated: Jul. 25, 2011; pp. 12 * cited by examiner

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2

FILTERS FOR COMBINED RADIOTELEPHONE/GPS TERMINALS

cellular radiotelephone systems and methods can be imple mented in cellular satellite-based systems and methods. The satellite typically communicates with radiotelephones over a

bidirectional communications pathway, with radiotelephone communication signals being communicated from the satel

Matter enclosed in heavy brackets [ ] appears in the original patent but forms no part of this reissue speci?ca

lite to the radiotelephone over a downlink or forward link, and from the radiotelephone to the satellite over an uplink or return link.

tion; matter printed in italics indicates the additions made by reissue.

The overall design and operation of cellular satellite radio telephone systems and methods are well known to those having skill in the art, and need not be described further herein. Moreover, as used herein, the term “radiotelephone” includes cellular and/ or satellite radiotelephones with or without a multi-line display; Personal Communications Sys tem (PCS) terminals that may combine a radiotelephone with data processing, facsimile and/ or data communications capa bilities; Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) that can include a radio frequency transceiver and a pager, Internet/intranet

CROSS-REFERENCE TO PROVISIONAL APPLICATION

This application is a reissue of US. patent application Ser. No. 10/353,548?led Jan. 29, 2003, issued as US. Pat. No.

6,785,543, which claims the bene?t of priority from provi sional Application No. 60/3 93,191, ?led Jul. 2, 2002, entitled Filters For Combined Satellite Radiotelephone/GPS Termi nals. [In addition, this application claims the bene?t of prior ity as a continuation-in-part application from regular US. application Ser. No. 10/074,097, ?led Feb. 12, 2002, which is

access, Web browser, organizer, calendar and/or a global 20

top and/ or palmtop computers or other appliances, which include a radio frequency transceiver. As is well known to those having skill in the art, terrestrial networks can enhance cellular satellite radiotelephone sys

now US. Pat. No. 6,684,057 entitled Systems and Methods

for Terretrial Reuse of Cellular Satellite Frequency Spectrum, which claims the bene?t of priority from provisional Appli

cation No. 60/322,240, ?led Sep. 14, 2001, entitled Systems and Methods for Terrestrial Re-Use of Mobile Satellite Spec

trum. Each of these applications] The above referenced appli cation is assigned to the assignee of the present application, and [the disclosures of each of these applications are] the disclosure of the above referenced application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in [their] its entirety as if set forth fully herein. The disclosures of US. application Ser. No.

25

30

radiotelephone systems to reliably serve densely populated areas, because the satellite signal may be blocked by high-rise structures and/ or may not penetrate into buildings. As a result, the satellite spectrum may be underutilized or unutilized in such areas. The use of terrestrial retransmission can reduce or

eliminate this problem. 35

Moreover, the capacity of the overall system can be increased signi?cantly by the introduction of terrestrial retransmission, since terrestrial frequency reuse can be much

MULTIPLE REISSUE APPLICATIONS

denser than that of a satellite-only system. In fact, capacity can be enhanced where it may be mostly needed, i.e., densely

Thepresent application is one ofmultiple reissue applica tions seeking to reissue US. Pat. No. 6, 785,543. The other related reissue application is US. application Ser. No.

tem availability, ef?ciency and/or economic viability by ter restrially reusing at least some of the frequency bands that are allocated to cellular satellite radiotelephone systems. In par ticular, it is known that it may be dif?cult for cellular satellite

10/074,097?ledFeb. 12, 2002, now US. Pat. No. 6,684,057, and US. application Ser. No. 60/322,240,?ledSep. 14, 20]] are also incorporated herein by reference in their entirety as

if set forth fully herein.

positioning system (GPS) receiver; and/or conventional lap

40

populated urban/industrial/commercial areas. As a result, the overall system can become much more economically viable, as it may be able to serve a much larger subscriber base.

12/705,135,?ledFeb. 12, 2010. FIELD OF THE INVENTION 45

Finally, satellite radiotelephones for a satellite radiotele phone system having a terrestrial component within the same satellite frequency band and using substantially the same air interface for both terrestrial and satellite communications can

This invention relates to radiotelephone communications systems and methods, and more particularly to terrestrial cellular and satellite cellular radiotelephone communications systems and methods.

be more cost effective and/or aesthetically appealing. Con ventional dual band/ dual mode alternatives, such as the well known Thuraya, Iridium and/ or Globalstar dual mode satel 50

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

lite/terrestrial radiotelephone systems, may duplicate some components, which may lead to increased cost, size and/or

weight of the radiotelephone. Satellite radiotelephone communications systems and methods are widely used for radiotelephone communica tions. Satellite radiotelephone communications systems and methods generally employ at least one space-based compo

55

nent, such as one or more satellites that are con?gured to

Wirelessly communicate with a plurality of satellite radiotele

phones. A satellite radiotelephone communications system or method may utilize a single antenna beam covering an entire

60

area served by the system. Alternatively, in cellular satellite

radiotelephone communications systems and methods, mul

hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety as if set forth fully herein. As described therein, satellite telecommu nications repeaters are provided which receive, amplify, and locally retransmit the downlink signal received from a satel lite thereby increasing the effective downlink margin in the vicinity of the satellite telecommunications repeaters and allowing an increase in the penetration of uplink and down

link signals into buildings, foliage, transportation vehicles,

tiple beams are provided, each of which can serve distinct

geographical areas in the overall service region, to collec tively serve an overall satellite footprint. Thus, a cellular architecture similar to that used in conventional terrestrial

One example of terrestrial reuse of satellite frequencies is described in US. Pat. No. 5,937,332 to the present inventor Karabinis entitled Satellite Telecommunications Repeaters and Retransmission Methods, the disclosure of which is

65

and other objects which can reduce link margin. Both, por table and non-portable repeaters are provided. See the abstract of US. Pat. No. 5,937,332.

US RE43,137 E 3

4

In view of the above discussion, there continues to be a need for systems and methods for terrestrial reuse of cellular

coupled between the radio front end and the signal processor and con?gured to ?lter GPS signals from the radio front end

satellite frequencies that can allow improved reliability, capacity, cost effectiveness and/or aesthetic appeal for cellu lar satellite radiotelephone systems, methods and/or satellite

before being provided to the signal processor. More particu larly, the GPS mode ?lter can be con?gured to suppress energy at and/or below (1575.42—A) MHZ, where 0
radiotelephones.

According to particular embodiments, wireless radiotele phone communications are not subjected to the GPS mode ?lter. The GPS mode ?lter can be con?gured to suppress at

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

least 10 dB ofenergy at and/or below (1575.42—A) MHZ, and

According to embodiments of the present invention, a sat ellite radiotelephone system can include a space-based com

ponent, a plurality of ancillary terrestrial components, and a

the GPS mode ?lter can be more particularly con?gured to suppress at least 10 dB of energy at (1575.42—A) MHZ and at

plurality of radiotelephones. The space-based component can be con?gured to provide wireless radiotelephone communi

GPS mode ?lter can be a high pass ?lter. Processing of GPS

frequencies less than (1575.42—A) MHZ. Accordingly, the

cations using satellite radiotelephone frequencies. The plu

signals at the signal processor can be suppressed when

rality of ancillary terrestrial components can include a plu

actively providing radiotelephone communications with the

rality of ancillary terrestrial component antennas con?gured to provide wireless radiotelephone communications using at

components.

least one of the satellite radiotelephone frequencies in a radia tion pattern that increases radiation below the horizon com

space-based component and/ or one of the ancillary terrestrial The satellite radiotelephone frequencies can include a sat 20

pared to above the horizon. The plurality of radiotelephones

ellite downlink frequency band and a satellite uplink fre quency band and GPS signals can be transmitted from GPS

can be con?gured to communicate with the space-based com

satellites over a GPS frequency band between the satellite

ponent and with the plurality of ancillary terrestrial compo

downlink and uplink frequency bands. More particularly, the

nents, and the radiotelephones can also include a GPS signal receiver/processor and a GPS mode ?lter con?gured to selec

25

tively suppress energy at and/or below (1575.42—A) MHZ, where 0
MHZ and 1660.5 MHZ. The GPS frequency band can include frequencies between 1559 MHZ and 1605 MHZ. 30

According to still additional embodiments of the present invention, satellite radiotelephone communications can be provided at a radiotelephone comprising a radio front end that

is con?gured to provide wireless radiotelephone communi cations with a space-based component using satellite radio 35

In addition, the radiotelephones can be further con?gured to suppress processing of GPS signals during intervals of time

telephone frequencies, that is con?gured to provide wireless radiotelephone communications with a plurality of ancillary terrestrial components using at least one of the satellite radio

when actively communicating with the space-based compo nent and/ or one of the ancillary terrestrial components. The

wireless radiotelephone communications can be processed without being subjected to the GPS mode ?lter.

satellite downlink frequency band can include frequencies between 1525 MHZ and 1559 MHZ, and the satellite uplink frequency band can include frequencies between 1626.5

40

telephone frequencies, and that is con?gured to receive global positioning satellite (GPS) signals from a plurality of Global positioning satellites. Energy can be suppressed at and/or below (1575.42—A) MHZ for GPS signals received from the radio front end (where 0
The satellite radiotelephone frequencies can include a sat

operations, and a measure of location of the radiotelephone

ellite downlink frequency band and a satellite uplink fre quency band and GPS signals can be transmitted from GPS

can be determined using the GPS signals having suppressed energy at (1575.42—A) MHZ during GPS mode operations.

satellites over a GPS frequency band between the satellite

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During wireless radiotelephone communications, communi

downlink and uplink frequency bands. More particularly, the

cations that are received at and/or transmitted from the radio

satellite downlink frequency band can include frequencies between 1525 MHZ and 1559 MHZ, and the satellite uplink frequency band can include frequencies between 1626.5

front end can be processed. More particularly, A can be greater than at least 1 MHZ. Processing communications that are received at and/or

MHZ and 1660.5 MHZ. The GPS frequency band can include frequencies between 1559 MHZ and 1605 MHZ. According to additional embodiments of the present inven tion, a radiotelephone can include a radio front end, a signal

50

processor, and a GPS mode ?lter. The radio front end can be

con?gured to provide wireless radiotelephone communica

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tions with a space-based component using satellite radiotele phone frequencies, to provide wireless radiotelephone com munications with a plurality of ancillary terrestrial components using at least one of the satellite radiotelephone

frequencies, and to receive global positioning satellite (GPS) signals from a plurality of global positioning satellites. The

(1575.42—A) MHZ. More particularly, suppressing energy at (1575.42—A) MHZ can include suppressing at least 10 dB of energy at frequencies or (1575.42—A) MHZ and lower. More over, processing of GPS signals can be suppressed when 60

space-based component and/ or one of the ancillary terrestrial

location of the radiotelephone using GPS signals received at the radio front end when providing GPS mode operations and mitted from the radio front end when providing wireless radiotelephone communications. The GPS mode ?lter can be

actively providing radiotelephone communications with the components.

signal processor can be con?gured to determine a measure of

to process communications that are received at and/ or trans

transmitted from the radio front end during wireless radio telephone communications can include processing the com munications without suppressing energy of the communica tions at and/ or below (1575.42—A) MHZ. In addition, suppressing energy at and/or below (1575.42—A) MHZ can include suppressing at least 10 dB of energy at and/or below

The satellite radiotelephone frequencies can include a sat 65

ellite downlink frequency band and a satellite uplink fre quency band and GPS signals can be transmitted from GPS satellites over a GPS frequency band between the satellite

downlink and uplink frequency bands. More particularly, the

US RE43,137 E 5

6

satellite downlink frequency band can include frequencies between 1525 MHZ and 1559 MHZ, and the satellite uplink frequency band can include frequencies between 1626.5

vided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements through

MHZ and 1660.5 MHZ. The GPS frequency band can include frequencies between 1559 MHZ and 1605 MHZ.

out.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of cellular satellite radio

telephone systems and methods according to embodiments of BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

the invention. As shown in FIG. 1, these cellular satellite radiotelephone systems and methods 100 include at least one

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of cellular radiotelephone systems and methods according to embodiments of the inven tion. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of adaptive interference reducers according to embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a spectrum diagram that illustrates satellite

Space-Based Component (SBC) 110, such as a satellite. The space-based component 110 is con?gured to transmit wire less communications to a plurality of radiotelephones 120a, 120b in a satellite footprint comprising one or more satellite radiotelephone cells 130-130"" over one or more satellite

radiotelephone forward link (downlink) frequencies fD. The space-based component 110 is con?gured to receive wireless communications from, for example, a ?rst radiotelephone

L-band frequency allocations. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of cellular satellite systems and methods according to other embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 5 illustrates time division duplex frame structures according to embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a block diagram of architectures of ancillary terrestrial components according to embodiments of the invention. FIG. 7 is a block diagram of architectures of recon?gurable

20

radiotelephones according to embodiments of the invention.

25

120a in the satellite radiotelephone cell 130 over a satellite

radiotelephone return link (uplink) frequency fU. An ancillary terrestrial network, comprising at least one ancillary terres

FIG. 8 graphically illustrates mapping of monotonically decreasing power levels to frequencies according to embodi

trial component 140, which may include an antenna 140a and an electronics system 140b (for example, at least one antenna 140a and at least one electronics system 140b), is con?gured to receive wireless communications from, for example, a

second radiotelephone 120b in the radiotelephone cell 130 over the satellite radiotelephone uplink frequency, denoted f‘U, which may be the same as fU. Thus, as illustrated in FIG.

embodiments of the invention. FIG. 10 depicts a realistic cell that is mapped to three power

1, radiotelephone 120a may be communicating with the space-based component 110 while radiotelephone 120b may be communicating with the ancillary terrestrial component 140.As shown in FIG. 1, the space-based component 110 also undesirably receives the wireless communications from the second radiotelephone 120b in the satellite radiotelephone

regions and three associated carrier frequencies according to

cell 130 over the satellite radiotelephone frequency f‘U as

embodiments of the invention.

interference. More speci?cally, a potential interference path

ments of the present invention. FIG. 9 illustrates an ideal cell that is mapped to three power

regions and three associated carrier frequencies according to

30

FIG. 11 illustrates two or more contiguous slots in a frame 35 is shown at 150. In this potential interference path 150, the

return link signal of the second radiotelephone 120b at carrier

that are unoccupied according to embodiments of the present invention.

frequency f‘U interferes with satellite communications. This interference would generally be strongest when f‘ UIfU,

FIG. 12 illustrates loading of two or more contiguous slots with lower power transmissions according to embodiments of

the present invention.

because, in that case, the same return link frequency would be 40

component communications over the same satellite radiotele

FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of an antenna of an

phone cell, and no spatial discrimination between satellite radiotelephone cells would appear to exist. Still referring to FIG. 1, embodiments of satellite radiotele

ancillary terrestrial component according to some embodi ments of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a polar chart that illustrates radiation patterns of an antenna of an ancillary terrestrial component according to some embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 15 graphically illustrates radiation of an antenna of an

45

system 160b that can be connected to other networks 162

including terrestrial and/or other radiotelephone networks. The gateway 160 also communicates with the space-based 50

160 also communicates with the ancillary terrestrial compo

55

FIGS. 18-21 are block diagrams of radiotelephones includ

ing GPS signal receivers according to additional embodi ments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

component 110 over a satellite feeder link 112. The gateway nent 140, generally over a terrestrial link 142.

present invention. FIG. 17 is a spectrum diagram that illustrates operation of a ?lter according to some embodiments of the present inven tion.

phone systems/methods 100 can include at least one gateway 160 that can include an antenna 160a and an electronics

ancillary terrestrial component according to some embodi ments of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a radiotelephone including a GPS signal receiver according to some embodiments of the

used for space-based component and ancillary terrestrial

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Still referring to FIG. 1, an Interference Reducer (IR) 170a also may be provided at least partially in the ancillary terres trial component electronics system 140b. Alternatively or additionally, an interference reducer 170b may be provided at least partially in the gateway electronics system 160b. In yet other alternatives, the interference reducer may be provided at least partially in other components of the cellular satellite system/method 100 instead of or in addition to the interfer ence reducer 170a and/or 170b. The interference reducer is

responsive to the space-based component 110 and to the

The present invention now will be described more fully

hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in

ancillary terrestrial component 140, and is con?gured to

which typical embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different

reduce the interference from the wireless communications that are received by the space-based component 110 and is at

forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodi ments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are pro

65

least partially generated by the second radiotelephone 120b in the satellite radiotelephone cell 130 over the satellite radio