Contents Key findings ................................................................................................................................. 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 One ¦ Violence and Children in Mexico ......................................................................................... 6 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Prevalence........................................................................................................................................... 6 Prevention and response in Mexico ................................................................................................... 7 Two ¦ Accelerating Action to End Violence Against Children in Mexico .......................................... 9 Three ¦ Go Forward Action ......................................................................................................... 11 Figure References ...................................................................................................................... 12 Annex ¦ Meeting Attendees ....................................................................................................... 14 Endnotes ................................................................................................................................... 16

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Key findings 

Commitment. Mexico was an early leader on Agenda 2030 and has demonstrated a clear commitment to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals and related targets for ending violence against children. Mexico’s landmark 2014 adoption of the General Law on the Rights of Children and Adolescents, and establishment of the National System for Comprehensive Protection of Children and a Child Protection Authority provide unique opportunities to build on and accelerate implementation of policies and concrete action for the prevention of and response to violence against children.



Capacity. Mexico has the expertise and capacity to develop state of the art systems for data collection. Gaps exist in disaggregated data on the prevalence of violence against children but there is an openness and interest to mainstream methodologies and indicators into existing national surveys, censuses and administrative records. Mexico is in a prime position to serve and benefit other pathfinder countries by sharing expertise and experiences in systems development.



Co-ordination. There are positive on-going efforts within different institutions, sectors and programmes in Mexico. Prioritising a strengthened and co-ordinated systems approach to prevention and response for violence against children that brings together health, protection, justice, education and finance is critical to accelerating positive action and change for children. Prevention and response to violence services can be enhanced through the co-ordination of child protection procedures and Child Protection Authorities by the established National System of Integral Protection of Children and Adolescents.



Comprehensive. The democratic and systematic participation of a wide range of partners across civil society, government, UN, private sector, leaders of faith, academia, and of utmost importance children and young people, is fundamental to the successful planning, implementation and monitoring of policies and programmes. Partners must build on and strengthen existing good practice, and focus on solutions that can benefit all children, especially the most disadvantaged.



Concrete action. Mexico’s appointment of a National Focal Point, hosted in the Executive Secretariat of the National System of Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents can bolster an effective ‘whole of government’ approach to planning and implementation at the national state and local levels, with concrete action against the National Plan for Children.



Next steps. Immediate priorities are to (i) form a working group of core stakeholders and select CSOs committed to work in partnership with government focal point to take this process forward; (ii) hold a series of consultations on the key findings of the visit, proposed opportunities, challenges, and entry points as a pathfinder country in the Global Partnership; and (iii) develop a concrete ‘roadmap’ for Mexico to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals, target 16.2 and other violence related targets.

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Introduction In 1996 and 2006, the United Nations Secretary-General submitted landmark reports on children and conflict and ending violence against children to the General Assembly.1 These reports set an agenda that has been taken forward by the Special Representatives of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children, and for Children and Armed Conflict, and by the Committee on the Rights of the Child.2 Agenda 2030 provides a focus for renewed ambition in international co-operation to prevent and address violence against children (see page 5). It recognises that peace and sustainable development are interlinked, and sets targets to end all forms of violence against children. The Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children provides a platform for national governments, civil society, faithbased groups, academics, the private sector, international organisations and other partners to work together to deliver these targets. The Partnership’s zero based strategy was published in September 2015. The strategy is currently being revised and the final version will be published in July 2016. It includes a goal to work with partners to accelerate action to tackle the violence that children face, with an initial focus on ‘pathfinder countries’ that wish to lead the movement to end violence. A further goal is to strengthen collaboration among and between countries, and with civil society and other stakeholders, confronting shared threats and developing shared solutions acknowledging that violence against children cannot be considered in isolation from the broader context of violence. To deliver these goals, the Partnership aims to support governments that have demonstrated a strong commitment to accelerating efforts to make children safe and are focused on solutions. We term these countries pathfinders. Pathfinders are not selected by the Partnership, but select themselves based on their determination to make SDG16.2 and other targets a priority for implementation. Governments of candidate pathfinder countries have been asked to develop a roadmap for ending violence, as part of their commitment to delivering Agenda 2030 and the SDGs. This roadmap will be a high level document, prepared for a 3-5 year period. It will be primarily focused on commitments and actions, rather than on context or background and clearly linked to existing or proposed national strategies, plans, policies and frameworks. The roadmap should be developed through an inclusive process, with responsibility to act also shared, across sectors and between government and nongovernment actors. The commitments of pathfinder countries will be assessed along two dimensions: 

Against the partnership’s principles, with all pathfinders expected to ensure that work to end violence is rights focused, child centred, universal, gender sensitive, inclusive, transparent, evidence based, and results focused.



For the ambition of their roadmap, which should include ambitious, but realistic, commitments to investing in and measuring results for children, and a plan for delivering them that is backed by a broad, inclusive and multi-sectoral coalition of stakeholders.

The first wave of pathfinder roadmaps were announced by governments at the Partnership’s launch on 12 July 2016, during the High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development in New York.

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Ahead of this event, the Partnership carried out scoping visits to El Salvador, Indonesia, Mexico, Philippines, Scotland, and Tanzania. A scoping visit offers the Partnership an opportunity to meet with a range of partners, to brief them on the Partnership, and on the process for becoming a pathfinder. Discussion papers from the visits to Indonesia, Philippines, and Tanzania are published on the Partnership’s website. The country visit to Mexico was carried out at the close of May 2016. Key priorities for the visit included: 

Group and bi-lateral discussions with policymakers, partners, and decision makers from all sectors to explore opportunities and challenges in pursuing a whole of government approach in Mexico to violence prevention and response.



Garner an understanding amongst partners of national challenges, priorities and opportunities, and key entry points to energise implementation of Mexico’s General Law on the Rights of Children and Adolescents to prevent and address violence against children.

The Partnership has committed to prepare a briefing paper to summarise the observations and findings from the visit to Mexico. It: 

Provides a background, overview of the prevalence, and state of prevention and response for violence against children in Mexico.



Explores opportunities to accelerate action as a pathfinder, based on the views of national partners.



Sets out a series of next steps based on discussions with partners during the visit.

It should be underlined that this paper is presented as a brief for partners. The Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children is not an entity in its own right, but a platform that aims to strengthen the movement to end violence against children both globally and at national levels. The Partnership aims to support Mexico in this process, not to lead or direct it. The intention is to catalyse a discussion in developing a roadmap for action and provide an overview for partners outside Mexico who are interested in supporting Mexico’s role in a new global partnership that has been formed to deliver the Sustainable Development Goals.

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One ¦ Violence and Children in Mexico Background Violence against children is complex and multifaceted, and has multiple causes. It is not exclusive to one country or region and requires comprehensive responses to prevent and eradicate it.3 One of the causes of violence against children and adolescents in Mexico – and probably in other countries as well – is the social perception that children are the property of adults. Gender discriminatory perceptions also contribute. Viewing children as rights-holders, and therefore worthy of respect and care, is not a very widespread notion and achieving a true culture of rights remains a challenge. Recent studies4 confirm that there is a gap in Mexico between the rhetoric of child rights protection and certain practices which violate human rights and the dignity of children and adolescents.5 Mexico is the world’s 11th most populated country6 with 119 million people,7 39.2 million of whom are children and adolescents under 18 years of age. Mexico was the world’s 15th largest economy in 2011.8 Important advances have been made in health, education and social protection coverage for children in recent years. However, stark inequalities and lack of protection from violence remain the main challenges for children’s social inclusion and rights fulfilment. Approximately 4.6 million children live in extreme poverty,9 77.4% of children in indigenous schools have poor results in primary school achievement tests in Spanish,10 and schools and communities are the settings where 8 out of 10 assaults on children aged 10-17 take place. The home is the third most common setting.11 Violence committed against children and adolescents in the home, at school, in the community, work places and institutions, is widely rationalised and accepted by society. The logical consequence of this is that violence becomes something natural and invisible, factors that help to perpetuate and replicate it.12 High levels of impunity and the high rates of generalised crime in the country contribute to this normalisation. 

In 2014, there were 116,518 children aged 0-17 who were victims of crime.13



In 2015, 805 children aged 0-17 were victims of homicides.14

Although there are several surveys, the data is not comprehensive and it is difficult to estimate the prevalence of violence in childhood. The absence of a comprehensive and reliable information system on the different forms and consequences of violence against children makes it very difficult to overcome the social acceptance and invisible nature of violence. The lack of information is also an obstacle to determining the precise characteristics of violence and developing appropriate public policies to prevent and eradicate it. In order to gain a better understanding of the problem, data from institutional records and surveys on the topic needs to be compiled and analysed systematically. Prevalence Analysing the data represented on the magnitude of violence against children in the country (see table 1), according to type of abuse, reveals that in 2007, the DIF recorded 16,779 cases of child abuse, of which 37.6% were physical abuse and 25.2% emotional abuse. It is important to note that the data reflects under-reporting, and that these are only the cases attended to by SNDIF.

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Type of Abuse

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004*

2005*

2006*

2007*

Physical

8,354

8,920

8,074

7,118

7,828

3,213

10,001

8,460

6,310

Sexual abuse

1,060

1,120

1,185

1,123

1,257

566

1,664

1,446

638

Abandonment

1,830

1,615

1,858

1,474

2,518

682

3,378

3,761

539

Emotional

5,378

6,941

6,064

4,744

7,301

3,090

8,156

7,861

4,235

Inadequate care

5,448

7,921

7,888

5,338

6,879

3,455

10,809

10,950

3,836

110

39

17

64

59

39

156

81

19

2,781

2,397

2,843

3,080

2,069

1,082

2,482

4,684

1,155

650

203

330

257

246

98

397

765

47

25,611

29,156

28,259

23,198

28,157

12,225

37,043

38,008

16,779

Sexual exploitation Negligence Labour exploitation Total

Table 1: Total number of abused children registered by the National System for Integral Family Development (SNDIF) by year and type of abuse (1999-2007) Sources: For 1999-2004: Centro de Estudios Sociales y de Opinión Pública de la Cámara de Diputados, CESOP, 2005. For 2005-2007: SNDIF * Preliminary information. ** The decrease in the 2005-2007 figures is believed to result from lack of information from some states.

Prevention and response in Mexico Important reform in 2011 integrated human rights into international treaties at a constitutional level. The Mexican Constitution raised to constitutional level all human rights norms contained in treaties signed by the Mexican State.15 Importantly, the reform incorporated the “best interests of the child” principle, which opened the way for legislative and institutional reforms to address historical legal, institutional and policy fragmentation in child rights matters. It will have ramifications in future policymaking and judicial decisions.16 In December 2014, Mexico adopted a landmark General Law on the Rights of Children and Adolescents. The law dedicates an entire chapter on the right to live freely from violence, gives special attention to vulnerable groups and sees children as right holders. It establishes a National System for Integral Protection of Children and a Child Protection Authority at all levels, which are key mechanisms for violence prevention and response. The Committee on the Rights of the Child – commenting on Mexico’s report in 2015 – noted the law as the most important legislative progress in the area of childhood in the past 25 years.17 The federal character of Mexico poses a specific challenge to ensuring that all the children in the country enjoy the same level of rights and protection. It is important for Mexico to capitalise on the overwhelming support for the law and the willingness at all levels to implement it. Support for system strengthening, co-ordination and building capacity for implementation at federal, state, and municipal levels is needed. Adequate funding is required for the purpose. Despite good legislative framework, high levels of violence against children persist in all settings, including domestic and gender-based violence, sexual violence, homicide and the worst forms of child labour. The National Plan for Children, due to launch in mid-June, provides an opportunity to prioritise violence against children, strengthen child protection systems and inter-sectoral cooperation for both prevention and response. The development of another policy document, the Agenda 25 that will take shape from the National Plan, will offer another opportunity to prioritise the violence agenda.

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Two ¦ Accelerating Action to End Violence Against Children in Mexico Given the above snapshot of the prevalence and state of prevention and response for violence against children in Mexico, outlined here are some of the opportunities that being a pathfinder of the Global Partnership presents to Mexico. Being a pathfinder is seen as an opportunity by Mexico’s government because it will provide a focus for urgency and ambition, and for uniting all partners behind a common strategic direction. It will enable Mexico to work with other pathfinder countries and to play a full role in a growing global movement that is coalescing behind the need to invest in and implement solutions that will keep children safe, and which supports the voice and advocacy of children themselves. Mexico was an early leader on Agenda 2030 and has demonstrated a clear commitment to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals and related targets for ending violence against children. Using the Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children offers a platform which will help: 

Build on Mexico’s existing strengths including the General Law on the Rights of Children and Adolescents, and establishment of the National System for Integral Protection of Children and a Child Protection Authority to accelerate implementation of policies and concrete action for the prevention of and response to violence against children at all levels.

Mexico has the expertise and capacity to develop state of the art systems for data collection. Gaps exist in disaggregated data on the prevalence of violence against children but there is an openness and interest to expand and refine methods of data collection. Mexico is in a prime position to serve and benefit other pathfinder countries by sharing expertise and experiences in systems development. Being a pathfinder of the Partnership offers Mexico the opportunity to: 

Mainstream methodologies and indicators for data collection into Mexico’s existing national surveys, censuses, and administrative records and take a leadership role amongst pathfinder countries by sharing expertise and experiences in systems development.

There are positive on-going efforts within different institutions, sectors and programmes in Mexico. Prioritising a strengthened and co-ordinated systems approach to prevention and response for violence against children that brings together health, protection, justice, education and finance is critical to accelerating positive action and change for children. Adequate resources and trained staff must be allocated to child protection systems and child protection authorities attending to cases. Prevention and response to violence services can be enhanced through the co-ordination of child protection procedures and Child Protection Authorities by the established National System of Integral Protection of Children and Adolescents. The ‘whole of government’ approach of the Partnership will foster all sectors to: 

Harness the momentum of delivering on Agenda 2030 for greater ambition, urgency and coherence to accelerate efforts to place violence at the centre of the systems building agenda within Mexico.

The democratic and systematic participation of a wide range of partners across civil society, government, UN, private sector, leaders of faith, academia, and of utmost importance children and

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young people, is fundamental to the successful planning, implementation and monitoring of policies and programmes. Partners must build on and strengthen existing good practice, and focus on solutions that can benefit all children, especially the most disadvantaged. The multi-stakeholder nature of the Partnership presents the opportunity for Mexico to: 

Build on the experience and expertise of partners, in particular civil society, to develop effective mechanisms that focus on delivery challenges and strategies, monitoring and child participationespecially at state, municipal and community levels.

The following key opportunities and challenges were identified in discussions with government, civil society, and UN partners:

Opportunities

Challenges



Respond to critical situations of violence against children in all contexts





Engage strategic partners at the global, national, and local level

Move from the formal installation of Systems of Comprehensive Protection to implementation of concrete actions



Build a compelling case for investing in violence prevention

No current mechanism for co-ordination between actions and programmes



Harness interest across sectors that are currently well funded - health, education, early childhood, justice and security

Mapping needed to identify and better articulate all efforts in place to prevent and respond to violence against children



Garner the participation of state and municipal government

Social norms and concepts and culture that normalise and accept violence



Involve state governments in the Partnership through written agreements of governors

Effective and democratic participation of a wide range of civil society organisations



Ensuring disadvantaged children are included



High levels of impunity



Differing types of data collection, info and data collected, quality and reliability of surveys



Need to improve on the use of official administrative records



Specific study on violence may be costly and difficult to sustain



Data collection at the local level in 190,000 localities is not easy



Developing indicators that monitor effective prevention



Must link the co-ordination mechanisms of SSPPC with SIPINNA to improve prevention and response



Protocols on child maltreatment with MoH needed and MoE protocols on school safety differ from state to state



Child Protection Authorities must be decentralised effectively and adequately resourced



Mainstreaming children’s rights into all programmes

 

  

Strengthen political will and translate it into political force



Constructive participation of civil society to effectively co-lead and monitor implementation



Focus on evidence based solutions that build on existing work



Platform to raise sensitive issues for marginalised children



Mainstream violence into data collection and use Mexico as a reference country for data collection



Link the violence indicators to the national information system of the Comprehensive Child Protection System



Use municipal projects to bring the work of the Partnership down to the 108 municipalities



Partnership and SSPPC programme share key principle of coordination



Creation of Child Protection Authority at Federal level identifying needs, issues, etc.



Systematise efforts of implementation of the General Law

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Three ¦ Go Forward Action Mexico’s appointment of a National Focal Point, hosted in the Executive Secretariat of the National System of Comprehensive Protection of Children and Adolescents, is a positive first step that can bolster an effective ‘whole of government’ approach to planning and implementation at the national state and local levels, with concrete action against the National Plan for Children. Critical go forward actions: 

Embed action to end violence within a broader vision for children in Mexico



Make a compelling case for investing in children and in violence prevention



Be much more ambitious about preventing violence – framed against the INSPIRE package of interventions

Immediate priorities are to: 

Form a working group of core stakeholders and select CSOs committed to work in partnership with government focal point to take this process forward



Use this brief to hold a series of consultations on the key findings of the visit, proposed opportunities, challenges, and entry points as a pathfinder country in the Global Partnership



Identify and evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats



Develop a concrete ‘roadmap’ for Mexico to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals, target 16.2 and other violence related targets.

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Figure References Violence against Children in Mexico Prevalence UNICEF (2014), Hidden in Plain Sight, A statistical analysis of violence against children. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund, available at http://files.unicef.org/publications/files/Hidden_in_plain_sight_statistical_analysis_EN_3_Sept_201 4.pdf, p37 El Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (2012), ‘Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012, (ENSANUT),’ México: INSP, available at http://ensanut.insp.mx/basesdoctos.php#.V3Ds2rgrKHs, [Data calculated for age group 10-17] Ibid M Contreras, B Heilman, G Barker, A Singh, R Verma, J Bloomfield (2012), Bridges to Adulthood: Understanding the Lifelong Influence of Men’s Childhood Experiences of Violence Analyzing Data from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey. Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) and Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Promundo, available at http://www.icrw.org/files/publications/Bridges-to-Adulthood-Understanding-the-Lifelong-Influenceof-Men%27s-Childhood-Experiences-Violence.pdf, p13 UNICEF (2014), Hidden in Plain Sight, A statistical analysis of violence against children. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund, available at http://files.unicef.org/publications/files/Hidden_in_plain_sight_statistical_analysis_EN_3_Sept_201 4.pdf, p140 Ibid, p125 Katharine Covell and Jo Becker (2011), Five Years On: A Global Update on Violence Against Children. NGO Advisory Council Report for follow-up to the UN Secretary-General’s Study on Violence against Children, available at http://www.childhelplineinternational.org/media/80438/five_years_on_a_global_update_on_violence_against_children.pdf, p13 Ibid, p29 Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (2014), ‘Encuesta de Cohesión Social para la Prevención de la Violencia y la Delincuencia (ECOPRED),’ México: INEGI, available at http://www3.inegi.org.mx/rnm/index.php/catalog/148 Consequences Felicia Knaul and Miguel Ángel Ramírez (2005), Family Violence and child Abuse in Latin America and the Caribbean, The cases of Colombia and Mexico, Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, available at http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=539086, p15 Ma. Asunción Lara, Laura Navarrete, Lourdes Nieto, and Huynh-Nhu Le (2015), ‘Childhood abuse increases the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms and history of suicidal behavior in Mexican pregnant women,’ Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Vol.37, No.3: 203-210, available at http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbp/v37n3/1516-4446-rbp-1516-4446-2014-1479.pdf, p203

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Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (2015), Encuesta Nacional de Victimización y Percepción sobre Seguridad Pública. México: INEGI, available at http://www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/encuestas/hogares/regulares/envipe/envipe20 15/doc/envipe2015_presentacion_nacional.pdf, p43

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Annex ¦ Meeting Attendees Aldeas Infantiles SOS México, Maria Isabel Martínez, Dir. Nacional Aldeas Infantiles SOS México, Sair Pinilla, Asesor de Abogacía Appleseed México, Maru Cortazar, Dir. Ejecutivo Camara de diputados, Abraham Lanis Cardoso, Secretario Técnico, Comision Derechos de la niñez. Centro de Derechos Humanos Fray Matias de Cordova, A.C., Gabriela Morales García, Childfund, Yil Aida Felipe Wood, Protección Childfunds México, Paloma González, Childfund México Oficial Comunicaciones Childfunds México, Sonia Bozzi, Dir. Nacional Comisión NAC de Seguridad, José Luis Gómez Cabrera, Dir. Gral Adjunto CNS Comisión Nacional de Seguridad, José Resendiz Martínez, Dir. Gral CNS Conadis/ Consejo Nacional para el Desarrollo y la Inclusión de las Personas con Discapacidad , Alicia Loza García Formentí, Dir. Asuntos Internacionales CONAGO/Conferencia Nacional de Gobernadores, Rodrigo Hernández, Asesor Conapred/ Consejo Nacional para Prevenir la Discriminación, Alma Ramírez Rojas, Sun-directora de Asuntos Internacionales Consejo de la Judicatura Federal, Adalberto Martínez Mendoza, Subdirector Cruz Roja Mexicana, Fátima Alcantara, Coordinadora Nacional de Juventud Dif Nacional, Lorena Lagarde G., Dir. Asuntos Internacionales ECPAT/ la representación local de la Red Internacional ECPAT , Fernando Viveros, EDIAC/ECPAT México, Norma Elena Negrete A. , IMUMI/IDC Instituto para las Mujeres en la Migración, AC , Leslye Jauregui, Indesol/ Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Social, Adriana Escalera Corona, Enlace de alta responsabilidad Indesol/ Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Social, Ma. Antonia González del Castillo, Directora Gral. A. Igualdad de G. INM/ Insituto Nacional de Migración, Samir Grego, Jefe de departamento INM-SEGOB Instituto Nacional de Migración, Luz Marcela De La Rosa Muñoz, Dir. De Asuntos Internacionales Inmujeres/ Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres, Tania Gisel Arriaga Molina, Sub-directora de Asuntos Internos international Detention Coalition, Gisele Bonnici, Juconi/ Fundación Juconi A.C., Arturo Rivera, Analista Movimiento Mundial MMILAC, Monica Yerena, Maristas Movimiento Mundial MMILAC Movimiento Mundial MMILAC, Socorro Álvarez, Maristas Movimiento Mundial MMILAC Movimiento Mundial MMILAC, Patricio Hornauer, Movimiento Mundial MMI-LAC

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PGR/ Procuraduria General de la Republica, Elizabeth A. Cabrera O., Encargada de a Dirección de Asuntos Interncaionales de Derechos Humanos REDIM/ Red por los Derechos de la Infancia en México, Juan Martín Pérez , Reintegra, A.C./ Fundación Mexicana de Reintegración Social, Jimena Cándano, Director General Ririki/Alianza México, Nashely Ramírez, RTC/ Dirección General de Radio, Televisión y Cinematografía, Carolina Serrano Rocha, Dir. De Contenidos Save the children, Alfonso Poire, Save the children, Saúl Sánchez, SCJN/ Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación, Nadia Sierra Campos, Asesora Dirección Derechos humanos Sprema Corte Justicia Nacional Senado de la republica, Laura Soto Ángeles, Asesor de la Comisión de los Derechos de la Niñez SEP/ Secretaria de Educación Pública, Laura Díaz, Asuntos Internacionales DGRI-Sep Sipinna/ Sistema Integral para la Protección de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes, Fátima Mendoza, Asuntos Internacionales Sipinna/ Sistema Integral para la Protección de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes, Federico Vasquez, Dir. Asuntos Internacionales Sipinna/ Sistema Integral para la Protección de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes, Sara Antillón, Asuntos Internacionales Sipinna-SEGOB, Fernando Gaal R., Dir. De Investigación SRE/Secretaria de relaciones exteriores, Alberto Cepeda Orvañanos, Dir. Para la eliminación de la Discriminación SRE/Secretaria de relaciones exteriores, Erasmo Lara C., PGDH SRE/Secretaria de relaciones exteriores, Mariana Olivera, DGA Política Internacional DDhh Worldvision México, Tonatiuh Magos, Dir. De Incidencia Política

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Endnotes 1

United Nations (2006), ‘Rights of the child – Note by the Secretary-General,’ Sixty-first session, 29 August 2006, available at http://www.unicef.org/violencestudy/reports/SG_violencestudy_en.pdf 2 See Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict (undated), ‘About Us’, available at https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/about-us/; see Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children (undated), ‘Mandate,’ available at http://srsg.violenceagainstchildren.org/srsg/mandate; see United Nations, Committee on the Rights of the Child (2011), General comment No. 13 (2011) – The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence. New York: United Nations, available at http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/docs/CRC.C.GC.13_en.pdf 3 Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro (2006), World Report on Violence Against Children. New York: United Nations Secretary-General’s Study on Violence Against Children, available at http://cpwg.net/wpcontent/uploads/sites/2/2013/08/Pinheiro-2006-World-Report-on-Violence-Against-Children.pdf 4 UNICEF-UNAM (2009) 5 UNICEF (2010), The Rights of Children and Adolescents in Mexico: A Present Day Agenda 6 Central Intelligence Agency (undated), ‘The World Factbook: Mexico,’ available at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html [accessed 14 July 2016] 7 Encuesta Intercensal 2015 8 World Bank (undated), ‘World Development Indicators 2016,’ available at http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf 9 CONEVAL and UNICEF (2014), ‘Pobreza y Derechos sociales de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes en México – Poverty and social rights of children and adolescents in Mexico,’ available at http://www.unicef.org/mexico/spanish/MX_Pobreza_derechos.pdf 10 Secretaría de Educación Pública, Estadística. Evaluación Nacional del Logro Académico en Centros Escolares (ENLACE). http://enlace.sep.gob.mx/. 11 La Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT 2012) – National Survey on Health and Nutrition. 12 UNICEF Executive Board (2013), ‘Country programme document 2014-2018,’ E/ICEF/2013/P/L.15 13 Censo Nacional de Procuración de Justicia Estatal (2015), National Census of State Justice Procurement. 14 INEGI Mortalidad, Defunción por Homicidios (2015), INEGI Mortality and Death by Homicide. 15 OEA/Ser.L) Pag: 54-55 in: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/reports/pdfs/Mexico2016-en.pdf 16 UNICEF Executive Board (2013), ‘Country programme document 2014-2018,’ E/ICEF/2013/P/L.15 17 United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner (2015), ‘Committee on the Rights of the Child examines the report of Mexico,’ 20 May 2015, available at http://www.ohchr.org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15986&LangID=E

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