apIpfw Fkv. Fkv .FÂ.kn. ]T\klmbn 2011--2012

os-pL-tU

W¹P¡ ^MsæL kµL-p-¾V 1

sNb¿am≥

:

s{]m^: sI.-F.-k-cf {]kn-U-≠v, Pn√m ]©m-bØv, IÆ q¿

sshkv sNb¿am≥

:

{io.-Sn.-Ir-jvW≥ sshkv {]kn-U-≠v, Pn√m ]©m-b-Øv,-I-Æ q¿ {ioa-Xn.-]n.-tdmk sNb¿am≥ Btcm-K-y-˛-hn-Z-ym-`-ymk Ãm‚ nwKv IΩn‰n Pn√m ]©m-b-Øv,-I-Æ q¿

I¨ho-\¿

:

{io. F.Acp¨Ip-am¿ Un.-Un.-C., IÆ q¿

A°m-Z-anIv I¨ho-\¿

:

{io.-sI.-{]`m-I-c≥ {]n≥kn-∏mƒ, Ub-‰v,-I-Æ q¿

IcMSãLrMp¤ SmL¡cV Zo\-Z-bm¬_m_p ]pXn-b-ß mSn Pam AØv sslkvIqƒ, amSmbn t^m¨ : 9447371451

s_∂ n ]o‰¿ Kh: lb¿sk-°-≠dn kvIqƒ,-]-≈n-°p∂ v t^m¨ : 9447438237

`mkvI-c≥ Xnt°mSn Kh: tKƒkv lb¿ sk≠dn kvIqƒ, \ncp-h-ß mSv t^m¨ : 9400395736

Fw.-hn.-am-Xyp sk‚v tXmakv sslkvIqƒ, tIfIw t^m¨ : 9447689895

B\-µ≥.]n Kh: lb¿sk-°-≠dn kvIqƒ, am´q¬ t^m¨ : 9495901411

at\m-l-c≥ Fw.-sI. hn.-]n.-Hm-dn-b‚¬ sslkvIqƒ, sNm¢n t^m¨ : 9447739633

t{]a-cm-P≥ SmtKm¿ satΩm-dn-b¬ sslkvIqƒ,-sh-t≈md t^m¨: 9847652035

kPo-h≥. ]n. Kh: lb¿sk-°-≠dn kvIqƒ, samdmg t^m¨ : 9497287778

cmPo-h≥ kn.-Fw. Kh: lb¿sk-°-≠dn kvIqƒ, apt≠cn t^m¨: 9447548348

hnt\m-Z≥.-sI. Kh: ap≥kn-∏¬ lb¿sk-°-≠dn kvIqƒ (kvt]m¿Svkv)-I-Æ q¿ t^m¨ : 9497431561

cP-\n.sI sI.-B¿.-F-®v.-F-kv.-]m-Xn-cn-bmSv

{]Zo-]≥ s\tcmØv B¿.-hn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-sNm¢n

{]koX Pn.-F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv.,-s]-c-f-t»cn t^m¨ : 99495871011 2

s{]m^: sI.-F.-k-cf {]kn-U-≠v, IÆ q¿ Pn√m ]©m-bØv, IÆ q¿

BapJw F√m-hcpw ]Tn-°-Ww, F√m-hcpw Pbn-°-Ww. CXm-Wt√m C∂ v F√m hnZ-ym-e-b-ß -fp-sSbpw {]h¿Ø-\-e-£-yw, Cu e£yw km£m-Xv°-cn-°p-∂ -Xn\v ]c-ym-]vX-amb coXn-bn¬ \ΩpsS \m´nse Hmtcm hnZ-ym-e-b-sØbpw kzbw kºq¿Æ -am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. G‰hpw B[p-\n-I-amb `uXnI kuIc-y-ß ƒ \ho-\hpw Imtem-Nn-X-hp-amb ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn, NSp-ehpw {Inbm-fl-I-hp-amb aqe-y-\n¿Æ b coXn, hnZ-ym-e-b-ß sf i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ DX-Ip∂ A[-ym-]-I-˛-c-£-I¿Xr Iq´m-bva-Iƒ, imkv{Xobhpw ka-b-_-‘n-X-hp-ambn \S-°p∂ A[-ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ F∂ nh hnZ-ym-`-ym-kØns‚ KpW-ta-∑sb kzm-[o-\n-°p∂ LS-I-ß -fn¬ {][m-\-am-Wv. Ign™ Iptd h¿j-ß -fmbn tIc-f-Øn¬ kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Øns‚ \ho-I-cWw e£yw sh®v \S-∏n-em°n hcp∂ \nc-h[n {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ IqSp-X¬ {i≤ sNep-Øp-∂ Xv CØcw Imc-y-ß -fn¬ Xs∂ -bm-Wv. km¿∆-{XnIhpw KpW-ta-∑-bp-≈-Xp-amb hnZ-ym-`-ymkw \ΩpsS kwÿ m-\Øv Dd-∏m-°p-∂ -X n¬ tI{µ kwÿ m\ Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ°v ]pdsa Xt±i kz-bw-`-c-W-ÿ m-]-\-ß fpw hf-sc-b-[nIw ]¶p-hln®p hcp-∂ p. C°m-c-y-Øn¬ tIcfw anI® amXr-I-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse Xt±i kz-bw-`-c-W-ÿ m-]-\-ß ƒ kvIqƒ hnZ-ym-`-ymkw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ sshhn-[-y-am¿∂ \nc-h[n ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn®v \S-∏n-em°n hcp-∂ p. Ch-bn¬ G‰hpw {i≤n-°-s∏-´Xpw hnPbw I≠-Xp-amWv IÆ q¿ Pn√m ]©m-bØv \S-∏n-em°n hcp∂ apIpfw ]≤-Xn. Pn√-bnse sslkvIq-fp-I-fnepw lb¿sk-°‚dn kvIqfp-I-fnepw Ip´n-I-fpsS ]T\ \ne-hmcw Db¿Øm≥ klm-b-I-amb ssI]p-kvX-I-ß ƒ Xøm-dm°n hnX-cWw sNøp-I, sa®s∏´ ¢mkv dqw A\p-`-h-ß ƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]I¿∂ v \¬Im≥ A[-ym-]-Isc im‡o-I-cn-°p-∂ Xn\v DX-Ip-∂ ]cn-io-e-\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I, imkv{Xo-bamb aqe-y-\n¿Wb coXn hnZ-yme-b-ß -fn¬ \S-∏n-em-°pI XpS-ß n-b-h-bmWv apIpfw ]≤-Xn-bpsS {][m\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ. apIpfw ]≤Xn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂ Xn¬ Bflm¿∞ -amb kl-I-c-Whpw ]n≥Xp-W-bp-amWv A[-ym-]-I-˛-c-£mI¿Xr kaq-l-ß -fn¬ \n∂ v IÆ q¿ Pn√m ]©m-b-Øn\v e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ -Xv F∂ v Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ kt¥ m-j-]q¿∆w Adn-bn-°-s´. apIpfw ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambn F√m hnj-b-ß -fnepw Ip´n-bpsS At\-z-j-Wm-flI ]T-\sØ t{]m’ m-ln-∏n-°m≥ DX-Ip∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß -f-S-ß nb ssI∏p-kvX-I-ß ƒ Hmtcm A°m-Z-anI h¿jØnepw Xøm-dm°n hnZ-ym-e-b-ß -fn¬ kuP-\-y-ambn hnX-cWw sNbvXp hcp-∂ p. s]mXp-]-co-£I-fn¬ Db¿∂ hnPbw t\Sm≥ Cu ssI∏p-kvX-I-ß ƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°v hf-sc-b-[nIw {]tbm-P-\s∏-Sp-∂ p-s≠-∂ mWv Pn√-bnse A°m-Z-anI kaq-l-Øns‚ hne-bn-cp-ج. {]K-¤-cmb A[-ym]-Isc Dƒs∏-SpØn kwL-Sn-∏n-°p∂ in¬]-im-e-I-fn-eq-sSbmWv Cu ssI∏p-kvX-I-ß ƒ Xømdm-°-s∏-Sp-∂ -Xv. ssI∏p-kvX-I-ß ƒ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ anI-hp-‰-Xm-°m≥ Rß ƒ Hmtcm h¿jhpw {i≤n-°p-∂ p. Ip´n-Iƒ°v anI® hnPbw t\Sm≥ apIpfw ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambn Cu h¿jw Xøm-dm-°nb hnhn[ hnj-b-ß -fnse ssI∏p-kvX-I-ß ƒ klm-b-I-am-Is´ F∂ v Biw-kn-®psIm≠v kvt\l-]q¿∆w s{]m^.-sI.-F.-k-cf IÆ q¿ Pn√m ]©m-bØv {]kn-U≠v 3

]n.-tdmk sNb¿t]-gvk¨ Btcm-K-y-˛-hn-Z-ym-`-ymk Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n Pn√m ]©m-b-Øv, IÆ q¿

""-ap-Ip-fw'' ka{K hnZ-ym-`-ymk ]cn-]m-Sn-bn-eqsS IÆ q¿ Pn√ tIcf hnZ-ym`ymk Ncn-{X-Øn¬ B[n-Im-cn-I-amb hnP-bhpw ÿ m\hpw t\Sn-°-gn™p. \ΩpsS Ip´n-Ifpw A[-ym-]-Icpw c£n-Xm-°fpw hnZ-ym-`-ymk Hm^o-k¿amcpw P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw HsØm-cp-an-®-Xns‚ ^ew IqSn-bmWv Cu t\´w. ss{]adn apX¬ lb¿sk-°-≠dn Xew hsc KpW-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ hnZ-ym-`-ym-kØn-\mbn {]h¿Ø\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ "ap-Ip-fw' ]≤-Xn-bn-eqsS hn`m-h\w sNbvXn´p-≠v. 2011-˛12 h¿j-Øn¬ Ad-_n, DdpZp Dƒs∏sS F√m hnj-b-ß ƒ°pw {]tX-yI ]T\ kma-{Kn-Iƒ \n¿Ωn®p Ign-™p. Ip´n-I-fpsS Adn-hv, \n¿ΩmW-ti-jnsb {]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p∂ ]T\ X{¥ -ß ƒ°v {]map-Jyw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. lb¿sk-°‚dn Xe-Øn¬ Cw•ojv, C°-tWm-anIvkv Dƒs∏sS ^nknIvkv sIankv{Sn, _tbm- f - P n, A°u- ≠ ≥kn F∂ o hnjb- ß ƒ°pw ]T\ kma{KnIƒ \n¿Ωn®p Ign-™p. ssZ\w-Zn\ Bkq-{X-W-Øn\pw ]T-\-{]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ Is≠-Øp-∂ -Xn\pw A[-ym-]-Isc {]m]vX-cm-°p∂ anI-hp‰ ]T\ klmbn F∂ \ne-bn-emWv "ap-Ipfw' hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. apIp-fØnse F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß fpw Ghcpw ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øpsa∂ v {]Xo-£n-°p-∂ p. ]T\ anI-hn-t\m-sSm∏w Db¿∂ kmaq-ly t_m[hpw {]h¿Ø\ k∂ -≤Xbpw hf¿Øp∂ hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-am-Is´ \ΩpsS e£-yw. "ap-Ip-fw' ka{K hnZ-ym`-ymk ]≤Xn AXn-\p≈ Nme-I-i-‡n-bmbn amd-s´. kvt\l-]q¿∆w

]n.-tdmk sNb¿t]-gvk¨ Btcm-K-y-˛-hn-Z-ym-`-ymk Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n Pn√m ]©m-b-Øv, IÆ q¿

4

apIp-f-Øns‚ Dƒ°mgvN ]pXnb ]T-\-co-Xn°pw kao-]-\-Øn\pw CW-ß p∂ ]mT-]p-kvXIw ]Ømw ¢mknepw FØn-°-gn-™-t√m. Ign™ ImesØ "ap-Ip-fw' {]h¿Ø\ ]pkvXI-ß ƒ t\Sn-sb-SpØ kzo-Im-c-yX ]pXn-b-Xns‚ IrX-y-X-tbbpw kq£va-Xtbbpw kw_-‘n® Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-ج IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂ p. `n∂ -\n-e-hm-c-°m-cmb F√m Ip´n-I-sfbpw ]T-\-e-£-y-Øns‚ ]c-am-h-[n-bn-se-Øn-°pI F∂ sh√phnfn Xs∂ -bmWv "ap-Ip-fw' Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂ -Xv. ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ Nn´-s∏-SpØp-∂ -Xnse Dƒ°m-gvNbpw \n›-b-ß fpw sIm≠v Cu sh√p-hn-fn-Isf apdn®p-I-S-°m-\m-Ipw. k¿Km-fl-Ihpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb ]T\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß -fpsS cq]-I-ev]\m t\cØv A[-ym-]-Isc ]n¥ p-W-bv°p∂ A[nI kma-{Kn-Iƒ A\p-_-‘-ambn \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. {]h¿Ø-\-ß -fnse XpS¿®bpw hf¿®bpw \ne-\n-dp-Øn-s°m≠v Xs∂ A[-ym-]-I¿°pw, A[-ym-]-I-cpsS klm-b-tØmsS Ip´n-Iƒ°pw kzo-I-cn-°m-hp∂ kz-X{¥ LS\ Hmtcm ]T\ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\m-Ip-sa∂ v Icp-Xp-∂ p. ]p\-c-\p-`-h-Øn-\p-X-Ip∂ {]h¿Ø\-ß ƒ Db¿∂ t{KUv e£-y-an-Sp∂ Ip´n-I-fpsS {ia-ß ƒ°v thKX Iq´p-∂ tXm-sSm∏w ]T-\-th-KX Ipd™ Ip´n- Isf anI® t{KUn-te°p \bn-°p-sa∂ pw {]X-ym-in-°p-∂ p. ]mT-y-]-≤-Xn-bpsS e£-y-ß ƒ ka-{K-X-tbmsS F√m-h-cn-ep-saØn-°m-\p≈ "ap-Ipf"-Øns‚ {ia-ß ƒ ^e-{]m-]vXn-bn-se-Øp-sa∂ {]Xo-£tbmsS Cu {]h¿Ø\ ]pkvXIw Pn√-bnse A[-ym-]-I¿°pw Ip´n-Iƒ°pw c£n-Xm-°ƒ°p-ambn ssIam-dp-∂ p.

5

6

tIcf ]mTm-hen bqWn‰v ˛1

Imen-em-temew Nne-ºp-ambv ]mT-ß ƒ

1. 2. 3.

sNdp-Xm-bn√ sNdp∏w apcn-™-t∏cow tNmdpw B¿´v A‰m°v

BapJw tIcfw Ie-I-fm¬ kº-∂ -amb {]tZ-i-am-Wv. Cu Ie-Iƒ°v hy-‡-amb Nne th¿Xn-cn-hp-I-fp-≠v. ¢mkn°v hn`m-K-Øn¬ s]´-h, \mtSmSn ]mc-º-c-yap-≈h F∂ nh. IY-I-fn, IqSn-bm-´w, IqØv, tamln-\n-bm´w F∂ nh ¢mkn°v Ie-I-fn¬ s]Sp-∂ -h-bm-sW-¶n¬ sXøw, Xnd, ]S-bWn BZn-bmbh \mS≥Ie-I-fpsS ]mX-bn¬ s]Sp-∂ -h-bm-Wv. Ch-bvs°√mw Xs∂ i‡-amb kmlnX-y-cq-]-ß -fp-ap-≠v. B´-°Y Hcp {]ÿ m-\-ambn Xs∂ hnI-kn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂ m¬ h¿Ø-am\ Ime-Øns‚ Iem-ho-£-Whpw Bk-zm-Z-\-co-Xnbpw Gsd am‰Øn\p hnt[-b-am-b-hp-Ibpw kn\na t]mep≈ B[p-\oI Ie-Iƒ°v {]m[m-\yw e`n°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ ]c-º-cm-KX Ie-Iƒ th≠{X {i≤n-°-s∏-Sm-Xm-bn. CXv \ΩpsS Iem-]m-c-º-c-y-sØbpw `mjm-km-ln-X-y-sØbpw Xf¿Øp-∂ -Xn\v Imc-W-am-bn-´p-≠v. \ΩpsS al-Ømb Iem-]m-c-º-c-y-Øns‚ Ddh h‰n-t∏mImsX kq£n-t°-≠Xv \Ω-fm-Wv. ¢mkv apdn-bn¬ \S-°p∂ N¿®-I-fn-eq-sSbpw ¢mkn°v Ie-Iƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂ tIc-fob Iem-]m-c-º-c-y-sØ-°-dn®v Adn-bp-∂ -Xn\pw IY-I-fn, IqSn-bm´w, IqØv XpS-ß nb Ie-I-sf-°p-dn®v s]mXp-hmbn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂ -Xn\pw Cu Ie-I-fpsS kmln-X-y-cq-]-ß ƒ khn-tijw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂ -Xn\pw CSw e`n-°Ww. IqSmsX ]pXnb Ime-Øns‚ amdnb Iem-k-zm-Z-\-ioew Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂ Xn\pw ¢mkn°v Ie-Iƒ I≠pw tI´pw Bk-z-Zn-°p-∂ -Xn\pw Ah-k-c-sam-cp°p∂ hn[-Øn-emWv H∂ mw bqWn-‰nse ]mT-`m-K-ß ƒ {Iao-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂ -Xv. Cu Ie-I-sf-°p-dn®v Bg-Øn-ep≈ [mc-Wbpw A\p-`-hhpw Ip´n-Iƒ°v e`n°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ \ΩpsS ¢mkv apdn-bnse ]T\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ Bkq-{XWw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. 7

{]th-iIw IY-I-fn-bnse ]®, IØn, XmSn, Icn, an\p°v thjß -fpsS h¿W-Nn{Xw A[-ym-]nI Ip´n-Isf ImWn-°p-∂ p.

r

Iem-cq-]-taXv ?

r

GsXms° thj-ß -fmWv ?

r

Ah-bpsS khn-ti-jX Fs¥ m-s°-bmWv ?

Ch k¿∆ hn⁄m-\-tIm-i-Øn-ep-≠v. Is≠Øn ImWn-°p-at√m

Cu tNmZ-y-ß -fn-eqsS tIcfob Ie-I-fn-te°v Ip´n-I-fpsS {i≤sb \ap°v \bn-°m-hp-∂ -Xm-Wv. XpS¿∂ v Ie-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp s]mXp-N¿® ¢mkn¬ \S-°pw. B N¿®-bn¬ Db¿∂ p-h-cm-hp∂ Imcyß ƒ. n

Ip´n-Iƒ I≠ Iem-cq-]-ß ƒ

n

Ah¿°v CjvS-ap≈ Ie-Iƒ

n

Ah CjvS-s∏-Sm-\p≈ ImcWw

n

Ahbv°v \ΩpsS kmaq-ly Pohn-X-Øn-ep≈ {]k‡n

n

Ah kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xns‚ Bh-i-y-IX

tIc-f-Øns‚ al-Ømb Iem-]m-c-º-c-y-sØ-°p-dn®pw {][m-\-I-em-cq-]-ß -sf-°p-dn®pw Ip´n-Iƒ°v [mcW e`n-°-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn¬ N¿® \bn-°p-Ibpw t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-at√m

{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 1 IY-Ifn Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ cNn°mw Nn´-{]-[m-\-am-Wt√m IY-I-fn. Zo¿L-Imew imkv{Xo-bambn A`-y-kn-®m¬ am{Xta Cu Ie kzm-b-Ø-am-°m-\mhq. \ap°v kp]-cn-Nn-X-a-√mØ CØcw LS-I-ß -fn-te°v shfn®w hoip-I-bmWv Cu {]h¿Ø-\-ß -fn-eqsS GsXms° hnj-b-ß -fn-emWv Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-t°-≠Xv ? ¨

NSß v

¨

thjw

¨

A`n-\-b-coXn

¨

kwKoXw

¨

ckm-hn-jv°mcw

¨

]mT-`m-KsØ ]Z-ß -fnse ckw

8

Ch-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Fs¥ ms° klm-b-ß ƒ A[-ym-]-I¿ F∂ \ne-bn¬ \ap°v sNøm\mhpw ? r

CØcw hnhcß f-S-ß nb kn.-Un.-{]-Z¿in-∏n°mw

r

hni-z-hn-⁄m-\-tIm-iw, hni-z-km-ln-X-y-hn-⁄m-\-tIm-iw, kmln-X-y-N-cn{Xw {]ÿ m-\-ß -fn-eqsS XpS-ß nb {KŸ-ß ƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°v e`-y-am°mw

CØcw {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ Ip´n-Iƒ {Kq∏n-en-cp∂ v sNøp-∂ -Xt√ \√-Xv. F¶n¬ \ΩpsS ¢m nse Ip´n-Iƒ 6 {Kq∏p-I-fn-embn Ccn-°-s´. Hmtcm {Kq∏pw Hmtcm taJ-esb kw_-‘n®v hnh-c-ß ƒ tiJcn-°p-∂ -Xt√ DNnXw ? Bh-i-y-amb CS-s]-Sepw ssIØmß pw \ΩpsS `mKØp \n∂ p-≠m-h-Ww. B[n-Im-cnI {KŸß fn¬ \n∂ v tiJ-cn-°p∂ hnh-c-ß ƒ kz¥ w `mj-bn-se-gp-Xm≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-at√m

hnh-c-ti-J-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw {Kq∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°nb Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ ¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. Hmtcm {Kq∏ns‚bpw Ah-X-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw B taJ-e-sb-°p-dn®v Hcp s]mXp-N¿®-bm-hmw, A[-ym-]nI-bpsS t{ImUo-I-c-Whpw. sa®s∏Sp-Ønb Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ a‰p Ip´n-Iƒ°p IqSn e`n-°-Ø° hn[-Øn¬ hy-‡-am-sb-gpXn Bh-i-y-amb Nn{X-ß ƒ tN¿Øv t\m´okv t_m¿Un¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°m-hp-∂ -Xm-Wv. ¢m n¬ Hcp t\m´okv t_m¿Uv D≠m-hp-∂ Xv \√-Xm-Wv. AXn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS anI® cN-\-Iƒ, k¿Km-flI krjvSn-Iƒ, ]T-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ s]mXp-hn-h-c-ß ƒ F∂ nh {]Z¿in-∏n-°mw. A[-ym-]-I-cpsS cN-\-Ifpw Bhmw.

9

{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 2 \mS-I-c-N\ F´v, H≥]Xv ¢m p-I-fn¬ ]e ]mT-`m-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Ip´n-Iƒ \mS-I-c-N\ \SØn-bn-´p-≠m-hp-a-t√m. Ah-sb√mw Xs∂ ]q¿Æ hnP-b-ß -fm-bn-cp-∂ pthm? Ipd-hpIƒ D≠m-bn-cp-s∂ -¶n¬ Ah ]cn-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v Fß s\ Hcp anI® \mSI cN\ km[-y-am°mw F∂ At\-z-j-W-amWv Cu {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS sNøp-∂ -Xv. Ip´n-I-tfmSv "sN-dp-Xm-bn√ sNdp-∏w' F∂ ]mT-`mKw \mS-I-am-°n-sb-gp-Xm≥ \n¿t±-in-°mw. F∂ m¬ AXn\p apºv Fs¥ ms° {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ ¢m n¬ \S-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ¨

Xo¿®-bmbpw "\-tfm-]m-J-ym\w' IY Ip´n-Iƒ \∂ mbn ]cn-N-b-s∏-´n-´p-≠t√m

¨

]mT-`m-K-ß -fnse ]Z-ß -fp-sSbpw t«mI-ß -fp-sSbpw Bi-b-ß ƒ hy-‡-ambn Ip´n-Iƒ {Kln-®t√m

¨

\mSIsa∂ kmln-X-y-cq-]-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-™t√m

¨

\mSI cN-\-bn-te¿s∏-Sp∂ Ip´n-I-fn¬ Xow(-hn-j-bw), IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ, cwK-ß ƒ, kw`m-j-Wß ƒ Ch-sb-°p-dn®v hy-‡-amb [mcW cq]-s∏-tS-≠-Xnt√? CXv Hcp s]mXp-N¿®-bn-eqsS km[-y-am-°mw.

o

Xow \f-N-cn-X-Ønse Cu `mKw \mS-I-cq-]-Øn-te°p am‰n-sb-gp-Xp-tºmƒ F¥ m-bn-cn-°Ww AXns‚ Xow ? Xs‚ \mSI-Øn-eqsS t{]£-I-cn-te°v FØn-°m≥ \mS-I-IrØv Dt±-in-°p∂ hnjb-amWv Xow. ChnsS \f-Z-a-b-¥ n-am-cpsS {]W-b-Ønse kp{]-[m-\-amb ]¶p-h-ln°p-I-bmWv lwkw. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ lwk-Øns‚ ZuX-y-]m-S-h-amWv t{]£Is‚ ˛ hmb-\-°m-cs‚ khn-tij {i≤-bm-I¿jn-°p-∂ -Xv. At∏mƒ "Zq-Xv' Cu ]mT`m-K-Øns‚ tI{µ Bi-b-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂ p.

o

IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ

Cu ]mT-`m-KØv lwkhpw Za-b-¥ nbpw tXmgn-amcpw D≠v. CXn¬ tXmgn-amsc Ipd-®p-IqSn IcpØp≈ IYm-]m-{X-ß -fmbn hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-t°-≠-Xpt≠m ? tXmgn-am¿°v t]cv, kw`m-j-W-Ønse sshhn-[yw Ch ]cn-K-Wn-°mw. IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ Bh-i-y-sa-¶n¬ Bhmw. o

IqSp-X¬

cwK-ß ƒ

]mT-`m-K-Ønse IY \S-°p-∂ Xv DZ-ym-\-Øn¬ am{X-am-Wv. F∂ m¬ CXv \mS-I-cq-]-Øn-te-°p am‰p-tºmƒ Fs¥ ms° hy-Xn-bm-\-ß ƒ Bhmw lwkhpw Za-b-¥ nbpw I≠p-ap-´p-∂ -Xns‚ apºp≈ Hcp cwKw Bbn-°qsS?(BImiw) \mS-Im-¥ -y-Øn¬ cmP-sIm-´m-c-Ønse k`-bn¬ Za-b¥ n Xs‚ A`ojvSw Xpd∂ p-]-d-bp-∂ Xv Bbmtem? (cm-P-k-Z-kv) CXp-t]mse a‰p-cw-K-ß fpw Bhmw. 10

o

kw`m-jWw

kw`m-jW cN-\-bn-te¿s∏-Sp-tºmƒ IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ {]mbw, ⁄m\w, ]Z-hn, am\-ko-Imhÿ Ch ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xnt√ ? \mS-I-Øns‚ Poh≥ kwL-´-\-am-Wv. CXv kw`m-j-W-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv A\m-hr-X-amth-≠-Xv. ChnsS ss`an lwksØ ]nSn-°p-sa∂ p ]d-bp-∂ Xpw lwkw ]nSn Xcn√ F∂ p ]d-bp-∂ Xpw Hcp kwL-´-\-am-Wv. CØcw DZm-l-c-W-ß ƒ ]d™v kw`m-jW-Øn-eqsS P\n-°p∂ kwL-´-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Ip´n-Iƒ°v [mcW hcp-Øp-at√m

Krl-]mTw Cu N¿®-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ Ah¿°v ]Tn-°m-\p≈ ]mT-`mKw \mS-I-cq-]-Øn-em-°s´. A\p-tbm-P-y-amb t]cpw Ah¿°v \n¿t±-in-°m-hp-∂ -Xm-Wv.

Ip´n-Iƒ hy-‡n-]-c-ambn Fgp-Xn-h-cp∂ \mSIw {Kq∏n¬ hne-bn-cp-Ømhp-∂ -Xm-Wv. Ah-bn¬ anI-®h Ht∂ m ct≠m hoXw ¢m n¬ Dds° hmbn-°p-∂ -Xn\pw s]mXp-hn-e-bn-cp-Ø-p∂ Xn\pw Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww. G-‰hpw anI® H∂ v ˛ ¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ -Xn-\p≈ km[-y-Xbpw ]co-£n-°p-at√m

{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 3 eLp D]-\-ymkw Xøm-dm°mw F.Un. 10-˛mw \q‰m-≠n\p apºp Xs∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Iem-cq-]-amWv IqØpw IqSn-bm-´-hpw. Hcp ]s£ ]n∂ o-Sp≈ ¢mkn°v Ie-I-sf√mw Ch-bn¬ \n∂ v ]e Awi-ß fpw kzo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠mWv hf¿∂ -Xv. Aß s\ hcp-tºmƒ \ΩpsS Iem-]m-c-º-c-y-Øn¬ kp{]-[m\ ÿ m\-ap-≈-h-bmWv IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw. Ch-sb-°p-dn®v s]mXp-[m-cW D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-t°-≠Xv Bh-i-y-hp-am-Wv. AXn\p≈ {ia-amWv Cu {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eq-sS. Hcp s]mXp-N¿®-bn-eq-sS-bmhmw Ip´n-Isf IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ -Xv. AXn\v XpS°w Ipdn-°p-∂ Xv Nne Nm¿´p-Iƒ {]Z¿in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠m-bmtem? Nm¿´v ˛1 a\p-j-y-cm-in-bpsS A\-i-zc ss]Xr-I-Øns‚ al-Ømb Iem-kr-jvSn-bmbn IqSn-bm-´sØ 2001 sabv 8 \v bpsWkvsIm {]J-ym-]n®p

11

Nm¿´v ˛2 IqSn-bm´w ]mc-º-c-ym-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp ¢mkn°v Ie-bmWv Nm¿´v ˛3 tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-\n∂ Htc-sbmcp kwkvIrX \mS-Im-h-X-cW coXn-bmWv IqØpw Iq´n-bm-´hpw Nm¿´v ˛4 Xp≈-e-S-°-ap≈ ae-bmf lmk-ym-h-X-cW ssien-bpsS Dd-hnSw IqØpw IqSn-bm-´-hp-amWv

Ip´n-Iƒ au\-ambn hmbn-°p-∂ p. XpS¿∂ v Ht∂ m ct≠m t]¿ Dds° hmbn-°p-∂ p. "IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw I≠-h¿ ¢m n-ept≠m ?' F∂ tNmZ-y-tØmsS \ap°v N¿®bv°v XpS°w Ipdn-°mw. I≠-h-cp-s≠-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS A\p-`hw ]d-b-s´. {]mtbW CØcw A\p-`-h-ap≈ Ip´n-Iƒ Ipd-hm-bn-cn°pw XpS¿∂ v "Nm¿´n¬ \n∂ v In´nb hnh-c-ß ƒ Fs¥ m-s°-bmWv F∂ v A[-ym-]nI tNmZn-°p-∂ p. Nm¿´v t\m°n Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂ p. m

hfsc ]gb Hcp Ie-bmWv

m

]mc-º-cy Ie-bmWv

m

¢mkn°v Ie-bmWv

m

kwkvIrX \mS-Im-h-X-c-W-amWv

m

lmk-ym-fl-I-amWv

IqØ pw IqSn- b m- ´ hp w ImWp-∂ -X n\pw Ah-s b°p- d n®v ]Tn- ° p- ∂ - X n\v Ip´n-Iƒ°v Xmev]-c-y-ap-≠mIp-∂ -Xn\pw Ah-k-c-sam-cp°p-∂ - X n\pw eLp-N ¿®bmhmw

Ip´n-Iƒ {Kq∏p-I-fmbn Xncn™v IqØpw IqSn-bm-´-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]c-am-h[n hnh-c-ß ƒ tiJ-cn-°p-∂ p. Xmsg-]-d-bp∂ ]pkvX-Iß - ƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°v e`-y-am-°Ww 1.

k¿∆ hn⁄m\ tImiw

2.

AJne hn⁄m\ tImiw

3.

hni-z-km-ln-Xy hn⁄m\ tImiw

4.

tIc-fob Ie-Iƒ-˛-tUm.-i-in-[-c≥ ¢mcn (a‰v ]pkvX-I-ß fpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw)

12

hnh-c-ti-J-c-W-Øn¬ hcm-hp∂ Imc-y-ß ƒ ; r

t£{X-I-e-Iƒ

r

NmI-ym¿IqØv

r

tXm¬∏m-h-IqØv

r

\ß -ym¿IqØv

r

\n›nX thj-ß ƒ

r

NXp¿hn-[m-`n-\bw

r

IqØ-ºew

hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hnh-c-ß ƒ Ip´n-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°p-∂ -Xn\mbn th≠ klmbw \¬Ip-at√m

r r r Ip´n-Iƒ tiJ-cn® hnh-c-ß -sf-°p-dn®v hy-‡-amb [mc-W-bp-≠m-Ip-∂ -Xn\v "IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw' hnh-c-Whpw Ah-X-c-W-hp-a-S-ß nb kn.-Un.-{]-Z¿in-∏n-°-a-t√m. D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂ h *

www.malayalamsrg.blogspot.com F∂ ae-bmfw A[-ym-]-I-cpsS kz¥ w tªmKv

*

IqSmfn sslkvIq-fnse hnZ-ym-cwKw Iem-km-ln-X-y-thZn Xøm-dm-°nb kn.-Un.

Nne s]mXp hnh-c-ß ƒ ; m

]mT-Ihpw IqØpw Xp≈epw ]c-kv]c _‘-ap≈ Ie-I-fm-Wv. lmk-y-Øn\pw hna¿i-\-Øn\pw {]m[m-\-y-ap-≈-h-bp-am-Wv. CXn¬ IqØn¬ am{X-amWv kz-X-{¥ amb Bt£-]-lm-kyw Iem-Im-c\v B\p-Im-enI kw`-h-ß sf tN¿Øv ]d-bm≥ km[n-°p-∂ -Xv. kZ-k-ysc IYm-]m-{X-ß -fmbn k¶-ev]n®v Nq≠n ]cn-l-kn-°m\p≈ kzm-X-{¥ -yhpw NmI-ym¿°p-≠v.

m

hnZq-j-Is‚ thjw : Xe-bn¬ ap≥Ip-Sp-a, hmkn-Iw, sNhn-∏q-hv, Ac-bn¬ aS-°nb am‰v, s]mbvap-Jw, ISn-kq-{Xw, ssIh-f-bmbn IS-Iw, Ac-bn¬ sI´p-Ibpw ]ngn-bpIbpw sNøp∂ ]pSh ˛ ta¬∏p-Sh

m

sFXo-lyw : IS-en¬ \n∂ v Db¿∂ p-h∂ Hcp cq]w F∂ \ne-bv°mWv \pc-°q´w t]mse tXm∂ n-°p∂ "a-S-°vam-‰v' Ac-bn¬ [cn-°p-∂ Xpw "ta¬∏p-S-h' ]ngn-bp-∂ Xpw

m

hnZq-j-I-IqØv F∂ {]tbmKw icn-b-s√∂ v A`n-{]m-b-ap≠v

({io ss]¶pfw \mcm-bW NmI-ym-cp-am-bp≈ A`n-ap-J-Øn-eqsS tiJ-cn-®-Xv) XpS¿∂ v Ip´n-Iƒ tiJ-cn® hnh-c-ß ƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v "IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw tIcfob ¢mknIv Iem-]m-c-º-c-y-Øn¬' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ eLp D]-\-ymkw Xøm-dm-°-s´. CXv hy‡n-]-chpw Krl-]m-T-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-∂ -Xm-Wv \√-Xv. hne-bn-cp-Øepw sa®-s∏-SpØepw s]mXp Ah-X-cWhpw XpS¿ {]h¿Ø-\-ß -fmbn \S-Øp-a-t√m.

13

{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 4 inh-cm-at\m Kncn-cmtPm ˛ N¿® B¿´v A‰m°v F∂ IY ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ inh-cm-a\pw Kncn-cmPpw c≠v PohnX amXr-I-IfpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fm-W-t√m. ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbv°pw ]gb Xe-ap-dbv°pw Ie-tbm-Sp≈ at\m-`mhw Xs∂ -bmWv Cu IY-bn-eqsS hy-‡-am-°p-∂ -Xv. ChnsS Rm≥ FhnsS \n¬°p∂ p; Fs‚ at\m-`m-h-sa-¥ mWv F∂ Xv Hmtcm Ip´nsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fhpw hfsc {][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. AXv Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂ -Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv Cu N¿® kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂ -Xv. r

inh-cm-a≥ tdmUns‚ shfn®w Ipd™ Acp-In-eqsS ]Xps° ho´nte°v \S-∂ p.

r

Kymkv eo°v sNbvXv tISmb {^nUvPv

r

]g-°-am¿∂ sdan-MvS¨ ssS∏vssd-‰¿

r

Xm≥ `mj Xs∂ ad∂ p t]mhp-I-bmtWm As√-¶n¬ `mj Xs∂ ssIsh-Sn-bp-I-bmtWm ?

inh-cm-as‚ Pohn-X-am-Wt√m CØcw hmN-I-ß ƒ hc®p ImWn-°p-∂ -Xv. CXpt]mse Xs∂ Kncn-cm-Pns‚bpw chn-`q-js‚bpw kz-`m-hhpw \ap°v Is≠-Øm-\m-Ipw. r

GXv ko‰nepw Rß ƒ Iw^¿´-_n-fmWv

r

tl, a\p-j-y-m, t]\bv°v i‡n thW-sa-¶n¬ Cd®ow ao\pw Xn∂ Ww

r

\n^v‰nse Ah-km\ h¿j hnZ-ym¿∞ n-I-fpsS ^mj≥ tjm dnt∏m¿´v sNøWw

IY-bnse CØcw hkvXp-X-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Bi-b-Xew hy-‡-am-Ip∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ ¢mkv apdnbn¬ \S-∂ n-´p-≠m-hp-at√m ? IYm-\n-cq-]Ww IYm-]m{X \ncq-]Ww IYmk-zm-Z\°pdn∏v IYm-k-µ¿`-ß -fpsS hni-I-e\°pdn∏v CØcw {]h¿Ø-\-ß -fmhmw IY hmbn® \Ωƒ inh-cm-as‚ ]£Øv \n¬°p-tºmgpw Kncn-cm-Pns‚tbm chn-`q-js‚tbm Omb \Ω-fn¬ Hfn™p InS-°p∂ p F∂ v Ip´n-Iƒ°v t_m[-y-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-t√. AXn-\mbn Fs¥ √mw {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ ¢mkv apdn-bn¬ sNbvXn-´p-≠v. r

IY-I-fn, kn\n-a, \mS≥ Ie-Iƒ XpS-ß nb taJ-e-bnse {]K-¤-cpsS Nn{X-ß ƒ {]Z¿in-∏n®v Ah¿°v {]nb-s∏´ Iem-Im-c-∑m-cpsS Nn{X-ß ƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Bh-i-y-s∏-Smw.

r

\mS-Iw, anan-{In, tamtWm BIvSv, kn\n-a, IY-I-fn, IqØv, IqSn-bm´w XpS-ß nb 15 Hmfw Ie-I-fpsS t]cv Nm¿´n¬ tcJ-s∏-SpØn Ip´n-Iƒ ImWp-Ibpw CjvS-s∏-SpIbpw sNøp∂ Iem-cq-]-ß ƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Bh-i-y-s∏-Smw. hy-‡n-]-c-amb XmXv]-cyw Xncn-®-dn-™-tijw Ie-I-tfm-Sp≈ ¢m nse Ip´n-I-fpsS s]mXp-a-t\m-`mhw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p-at√m 14

{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 5 skan-\m¿ Cu bqWn-‰nse aq∂ v ]mT-`m-K-ß -sfbpw ka-{K-ambn I≠p-sIm≠p thWw skan-\m¿ kwL-Sn-∏n-°m≥. \Ωƒ apºv IY-I-fn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p∂ Hcp {]h¿Ø\w sNbvXn´p-≠v. AXp-t]mse IqØv, IqSn-bm´w F∂ n-h-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ hni-Z-am-°p∂ eLp{]-_‘ cN-\bpw \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. "B¿´v A‰m-°v' F∂ IY hni-I-e\w sNbvX-Xn-eqsS ]pXnb Ime-L-´-Øns‚ {]h-W-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-™n-´p-≠v. Ch-sbms° {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn-s°m-≠p-thWw skan-\m¿ {]_-‘-ß ƒ Xøm-dm-°m≥. amdn-h-cp∂ Bk-zm-Z-\-ioehpw Ie hnev]-\-Nc-°m-°p∂ {]h-W-Xbpw skan-\m-dn¬ N¿® sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. F¥ m-bn-cn-°Ww skan-\m-dns‚ hnjbw ? tIc-f-Øns‚ Iem-]m-c-º-c-yhpw ]pXnb ImeL-´-Ønse amdnb Bk-zm-Z-\-co-Xnbpw N¿® sNbvXv \ΩpsS al-Ømb Ie-I-sf-Ip-dn-®-dn-bp∂ -Xn\pw Ah-tbmSv Ip´n-I-fn¬ Xmev]-cyw P\n-∏n-°p-∂ -Xn\pw klm-bn-°p-∂ Xc-Øn-embn-cn-°Ww hnjbw kzo-I-cn-°m≥. hnjbw \ΩpsS Iem-]m-c-º-cyw \ap°v \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bmtWm ? XpS¿∂ v ¢mkv N¿®-bn-eqsS D]-hn-j-b-ß ƒ kzo-I-cn-°m-hp-∂ -Xm-Wv. A©v D]-hn-j-b-ß ƒ A©v {Kq∏p-I-fn-embn N¿® sNbvXv hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \SØn skan-\m¿ {]_-‘-ß ƒ Xøm-dm-°-s´. D]-hn-j-b-ß ƒ m

tIc-fob ¢mknIv Iem-]m-c-º-cyw

m

tIc-f-Øns‚ {KmaoW Iem-]m-c-º-cyw

m

ae-bm-fnbpw B[p-\oI Ie-Ifpw

m

Ie-Ifpw am[-y-a-ß fpw

m

ae-bm-fn-bpsS amdnb Bk-zm-Z\ coXn

skan-\m¿ \S-Øn-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏´v \Ωƒ km[m-cW sNøm-dp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß fpw aps∂ mcp-°-ß fpw ¢m n¬ \S-Ø-Ww. t\m´o-kv, £W-°-Øv, t]mÿ XpS-ß n-bh {]_-‘m-h-X-c-W-Øn\p apºv skan-\m¿ dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw Ah-X-cW ka-bØv hnh-c-ß ƒ Ipdn-s®-Sp-t°-≠-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw Ip´nIsf t_m[-y-s∏-Sp-Øp-at√m

skan-\m¿ {]_-‘-ß ƒ tN¿Øp-sh®v Hcp ]Xn-∏m-°mw. skan-\m¿ dnt∏m¿´v XnI®pw hy‡n-]-c-am-h-Ww.

15

A\p-_‘w ˛ 1 D]-\-ymkw

IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw tIc-f-Øns‚ ¢mknIv ]mc-º-c-y-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ G‰hpw {]mNo-\-amb Ie F∂ v temIw AwKo-I-cn® tIc-f-Øns‚ kz¥ w ¢mkn°¬ Iem-cq-]-ß ƒ. ]g-¥ -an-gnse {]mNo\ IrXn-bmb, Cf-t¶m-h-Sn-Iƒ cNn® "Nn-e-∏-Xn-Im-c"-Øn¬ IqØn-s\-∏-‰nbpw NmI-ym-sc-∏-‰nbpw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂ p-≠v. Cu kqN\ IqØns‚ ]g°w F{X-tb-sd-bmsW∂ v sXfn-bn-°p-∂ p. IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw XnI®pw ]mcºcym-[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv. Hcp ImeØv IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw H∂ m-bn-cp-∂ p. kwkvIrX \mS-Im-h-X-c-W-ß -fmWv IqSn-bm-´w. F∂ m¬ km[m-c-W-°m¿°v thZ-`m-j-bmb kwkvIrXw Adn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂ p. Cu {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°m-\mbn \mS-Im-h-X-c-W-Øn\p apºv NmI-ym¿ hnZq-j-I-thjw sI´n h∂ v IqSn-bm-´-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ \mSIw ^enXw IqSn hymJ-ym-\n-°p∂ XmWv IqØv. F∂ m¬ IqSn-bm-´-tØ-°mƒ {]ikvXn t\Snb IqØv ]n¬Im-eØv IqSn-bm´-Øn¬ \n∂ v th¿Xn-cn-°-s∏-´p. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ Xs∂ IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw c≠v Ie-I-fm-sW-¶nepw Ahsb H∂ mbn Nne kµ¿`-ß -fn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°m-dp-≠v. IqSn-bm-´-Øns‚ Imc-y-Øn¬ CXn\p {]tXyI cwK-\n-b-ahpw ]tZ-ym-Om-cW k{º-Zm-bhpw D≠v. CXnse ]Z-ß -fpsS Bh¿Ø\w Ipdhpw kabw IqSp-X-ep-am-Wv. `c-X-ap-\n-bpsS \mS-y-\n¿t±-i-ß ƒ IqSn-bm-´-Øn¬ ]men-°-s∏-Sp-∂ p-≠v. `mcX cmam-bW-`m-K-hX IY-I-fmWv Iq´n-bm-´-Øns‚ CXn-hr-Øw. CØcw IY-Isf hy-X-ykvX coXn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn∏n® `mk≥, Imfn-Zm-k≥ F∂ n-h-cpsS kwkvIrX \mS-I-ß -fmWv IqSn-bm-´-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ -Xv. ]®, Icn, IØn, XmSn, an\p°v F∂ n-ß s\ IqSn-bm-´-Øn¬ 5 Xcw thj-ß -fm-Wp-≈-Xv. kv{Xo IYm]m-{X-ß -fpsS ]I¿∂ m´w \S-Øp-∂ -Xv NmI-ym¿kv{Xo-I-fmb \ß -ym-∑m-cm-Wv. IYm-]m-{X-Øn-\-\p-kcn®v thj-ß fpw amdp-∂ p. kwkvIrX \mS-I-ß -fpsS Iq´m-`n-\-b-amb IqSn-bm-´-Øns‚ kzm-[o\w ]n¬°me Ie-I-fn¬ ImWm≥ km[n-°pw. IqØns‚ Poh≥ lmkyw BWv. AYhm lmk-ym-h-X-c-I-\mb hnZq-j-I≥(-Nm-I-ym¿) BWv. IqØns‚ hnhn[ hI-t`-Z-ß ƒ C∂ p-≠v. NmI-ym¿IqØn\p tijw ]n¬°m-eØv cq]-s∏-´-h-bmImw CXv. {]_-e-ambn NmI-ym¿Iq-Øv, tXm¬∏m-h-IqØv F∂ n-h-bmWv \ne-hn-ep-≈-sX-¶nepw ]d°pw IqØv, ssih-Iq-Øv, Aø-∏≥ IqØv F∂ n-ß s\ Nne IqØp-Iƒ Xan-gv\m-Sv, B{‘, I¿Wm-SI F∂ o kwÿ m-\-ß -fn¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠v. IqØns‚ Xan-gv-˛-a-e-bmf k¶-ccq-]-amWv tXm¬∏m-h-Iq-Øv. CXn¬ ]Zy-ß ƒ sNm√n tXm¬∏mh \ng-ep-Iƒ sIm≠v \mS-Io-b-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ p. km[m-c-W-bmbn ta¬∏-Øq¿ cNn® {]_-‘-ß -fm-bmWv IqØns‚ hmN-I-ß ƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ -Xv. ]pcmW IYtbm Ncn-{X-{]-[m-\-amb IY-Itfm kmaq-l-y-kw-_-‘n-bmb Imc-y-ß tfm hnh-cn-°m≥ NmI-ym¿°v A[nImcap-≠v. ]s£ F¥ -h-X-cn-∏n-®mepw AXns‚ AX-y-¥ n-I-e-£yw \¿Ω-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]cn-lm-kw, ^enXw XpS-ß n-b-h-bn-eqsS kwkvIrX t«mI-ß fpw KZ-y-ß fpw sNm√n hnh-cn-°p∂ k{º-Zmbw C∂ pw IqØn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂ p-≠v. Bsc thW-sa-¶nepw ]cn-l-kn-°m-\p≈ kzm-X-{¥ yw NmI-ym¿°p-≠v. IqØns‚ Poh≥ t]mepw ]cn-lmk cqt]-W-bp≈ kwkmcw BWv. ]mc-º-c-y-ambn NmI-ym≥am¿ Ah-X-cn-∏n®p hcp∂ Cu Ie-bn¬ ]Z-y-ß fpw Ah¿ Xs∂ -bm-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ -Xv. IqØn\pw IqSn-bm-´-Øn\pw Np´n IpØm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ Xv {]Ir-Xn-ZØ hkvXp-°-fm-Wv. ]\-tbm-e, Nmbn-e-yw, \oew, Acn, Icn, a™ƒ, B`w, sX®n-∏qhv F∂ nh D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ p. hkv{X-ß -fp-≠m-°m≥ ]mf, hmg-\m-cv, Rmß -W∏q-hv, apf-b-¶v F∂ nh D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ p. IqØn\v {]tX-y-In®v hmZ-y-ß -fm-h-i-y-an-√. IqSn-bm-´-Øn¬ angmhv, CS-°, Ipgn-Øm-fw, iwJv, Ipg¬ F∂ o hmZ-y-ß ƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ p. NmI-ym¿ s\©n¬ Acns∏mSn sIm≠pw a™ƒs°m≠pw A{`w sIm≠pw Np´n IpØp-∂ p. apJØv Icn, Nmbn-e-yw, Acn-s∏mSn, a™ƒ F∂ nh Np´n-Ip-Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ p. IqØn¬ NmI-ym¿ hnZq-j-I-\m-Wv. GXv hnt[-\tbm GXp cq]-Øn¬ thW-sa-¶ntem IY hnh-cn-°m≥ NmI-ym¿°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v. Cu {]tX-y-IX NmI-ym¿ IqØns\ a‰p Ie-I-fn¬ \n∂ pw hy-X-y-kvX-am-°p-∂ p. X®p-imkv{X hn[n {]Imcw \n¿Ωn® IqØ-ºe-ß -fn-emWv IqØns‚ thZn. IqØn\p apºv Ipcp-tØm-e, Ipe-hm-g, Cf-\o¿ Ipe, \ne-hn-f-°v, \nd-]d F∂ n-h sIm≠v thZn Ae-¶-cn-°p-∂ p. tIc-f-Øn¬ BsI 19 NmI-ym¿ IpSpw-_-ß -fmWv Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ -Xv. AΩ-∂ q¿, Ip´-t©-cn, s]mXn-bn¬a-Wn-bn¬, Ibv∏-bn¬ F∂ nh Ch-bn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv. IqØv 16

F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞ w {IoV F∂ m-Wv. efn-Xhpw kc-k-hp-amb Cu Iem-cq]w C∂ v A\yw \n∂ psIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ p. XI¿®sb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmgpw bp\-kvtIm-bpsS AwKo-Imcw ssIh∂ Xv IqØns‚ Poh≥ \o´n-\n¿Øn-tb-°mw. ]n¬Im-eØv cq]-s∏´ IY-I-fn-se√mw IqØns‚ {]I-Samb kzm-[o\w hy-‡-am-Wv. IY-I-fn, Xp≈¬ XpS-ß nb thj-hn-[m-\-ß -fn¬ ¢mknIv Ie-I-fn¬ \ap°v ImWm-hp∂ {]tX-y-I-X-Iƒ IqØn\v kz-¥ -am-Wv. IqØns‚ thj-hn-[m-\-ß ƒ ck-I-c-am-Wv. ap≥Ip-Sp-a, hmkn-Iw, sNhn-∏q-hv, s]mbvap-Jw, ISn-kq-{Xw, IS-Iw, aS°v, am‰v, ta¬∏p-Sh F∂ n-h-bmWv IqØns‚ thj-hn-[m-\-ß ƒ. IqØp-ambn _‘-s∏´ sFXn-l-y-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ NmI-ym¿ IS-en¬ \n∂ v Db¿∂ p-h-∂ -Xm-sW∂ v hni-z-kn-°p-∂ p. tIc-f-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-Ønse Aaq-e-y-amb GSmWv IqØv. IqØn\v In´nb AwKo-Imcw ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°v A`n-am-\-am¿∂ t\´-amWv tIc-f-Øns‚ Iem-N-cn{X ]mcº-cyw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp ss]XrI Ie-bmWv IqØv. Ie-Isf AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ ]Tn-°ptºmƒ am{Xta IqØn\v im]-tam£w In´p-I-bp-≈q. \ΩpsS kmwkvIm-cnI ]mc-º-c-y-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw a\-kn-em-°m≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°p-∂ -h-bmWv \ΩpsS ¢mknIv Ie-Iƒ. F∂ m¬ Chsb kwc-£n°m≥ _m[-y-X-bn-√m-Ø-hcmtWm \mw ? Nn¥ n-°p-I.

17

A\p-_‘w ˛ 2

sN°v enÃv

D≠v C√ `mKnIw

1.

tIc-f-Øns‚ al-Ømb Iem-]m-c-º-c-y-sØ-°p-dn®v F\n°v t_m-[-y-ap≠v

2.

tIcfw Hcp Iem-a-fi-e-am-sW∂ v Ip´n-Iƒ°v Xncn-®-dnhv \¬In

3.

"\-tfm-]m-J-ym-\w' IY Ip´n-Isf ]d™p tIƒ∏n®p

4.

IY-I-fn-bp-ambn _‘∏´ d^-d≥kv {KŸ- ß ƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°v FØn®p sImSpØp

5.

"sN-dp-Xm-bn√ sNdp-∏w' F∂ ]mT-`m-K-Øns‚ IY-Ifn Zriyw Ip´n-Isf ImWn®p

6.

IY-I-fn-bpsS thjw, NS-ß v, A`n-\-b-co-Xn, \h-c-k-ß ƒ, 24 ap{Z-Iƒ, IY-Ifn kwKo-Xw, hmtZ-ym-]-I-c-W-ß ƒ Ch I≠-dn-bp-∂ -Xn\v Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ahkcw e`n®p

7.

¢mkv N¿®-Iƒ°v apºv th≠{X Hcp°w Rm≥ \SØn

8.

¢mkv apdn-bn¬ t\m´okv t_m¿Uv D≠v

9.

{]tX-yI ]cn-K-W\ A¿ln-°p∂ Ip´n-Iƒ ¢mkn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. Ahsc ]cn-K-Wn®p

10.

\mS-I-sa∂ kmln-X-y-cq-]-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™p

11.

Xow F¥ m-sW∂ v hy-‡X hcp-Øn-b-Xn\v tij-amWv \mS-I-c-N-\-bn-te¿s∏´Xv

12.

\mS-I-Øn\v Zri-ym-hn-jv°mcw \SØn

13.

"ap-cn-™-t∏cow tNmdpw' Ip´n-Iƒ Zriyw I≠p

14.

ae-bmfw A[-ym-]-I¿°m-bp≈ tªmKv Ip´n-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn(-Xn-ØnXm-Xn-ssØ-bv)

15.

IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw XΩn-ep≈ hy-X-ymkw Ip´n-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™p

16.

hnZq-j-Is‚ thj-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ sFXn-lyw Ip´n-I-tfmSv ]d™p

17.

¢mknse Ip´n-I-fpsS Ie-I-tfm-Sp≈ s]mXp-hmb kao-]\w Is≠Øn

18.

Ip´n-Iƒ kz-¥ -ambn IqØv Fgp-Xn-bp-≠m°n

19.

Ip´n-Iƒ FgpXn Xøm-dm-°nb IqØn¬ anI-®h ¢m n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®p

20.

IqØns‚ ]g-°hpw {]m[m-\-yhpw Ip´n-Iƒ°v a\- n-embn

21.

skan-\m¿ hnP-b-I-c-am-bn-cp∂ p

22.

skan-\m-dn\p apt∂ m-Sn-bmbn t]mÿ cN-\(-ICTkm-[-yX D]-tbm-Kn®v)\S-Øn.

23.

skan-\m-dns‚ DZvLm-S\w ¢mkn\p ]pd-Øp≈ Hcm-fmWv \n¿∆-ln-®Xv

24.

as‰mcp ¢mknse/hnZ-ym-cwKw kmln-X-y-th-Zn-bnse apgp-h≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°pw skan\m¿ tIƒ°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬In

25.

skan-\m¿ {]_-‘-ß ƒ ]Xn-∏m°n {]kn-≤o-I-cn®p

25.

]Xn∏v hmb-\m-ap-dn-bn¬/aqe-bn¬ e`-y-amWv

18

bqWn‰v ˛2

Ccp-Nn-d-Ip-I-sfm-cp-a-bn-e-ß s\

BapJw Btcm-K-y-I-c-amb P\m-[n-]-Xy kaqlw sI´n-]-Sp-°p-∂ -Xn¬ kv{Xo°pw ]pcp-j\pw Xpe-y-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-am-Wp-≈-Xv. Ncn-{X-Øn¬ kw`-hn® Nne ]n≥Xn-cn-b-ep-Iƒ kv{XoI-fpsS apt∂ -‰sØ {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-®p. A-hƒ apJ-y-[m-c-bn¬ \n∂ v AI-‰-s∏-´p. kaq-l-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-°nXv XS- -am-bnØo¿∂ p. kv{Xo\oXn Xncn®p ]nSn-t°-≠p∂ Hc-hÿ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime bmYm¿∞ y-am-Wv. hoSp-I-fn¬, sXmgn-en-S-ß -fn¬, hnZ-ym-e-b-ß -fn¬ XpSß n \ΩpsS s]mXpk-aq-l-Øns‚ F√m Xpd-I-fnepw kv{Xo hnth-N\w A\p-`-hn-t°≠n hcp-∂ p-≠v. kaq-l-Øn¬ kv{Xo A\p-`-hn-°p∂ hnth-N\w kmln-X-y-Ønepw {]Xn^-en-®n-´p-≠v. kv{XoIƒ ]m¿i-z-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ -Xns‚ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Imc-Wß ƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p-ap≈ at\m-`mhw Cu bqWn-‰ns‚ hn\n-ab t\cØv cq]-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv.

19

1.

Nn{X-hm-b\ \SØn Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°p∂ p

kv{Xo A\p-`-hn-°p∂ hnth-N\w {]ta-b-am°n cNn-°-s∏´ Nn{X-Øns‚ GXm\pw tIm∏n ¢mkv apdnbn¬ hnX-cWw sNøp-∂ p. eLp-hmb tNmZ-y-ß -fn-eqsS A[-ym-]nI Nn{X-Øns‚ {]ta-b-Øn-te°v Ip´nIsf \bn-°p-∂ p. m

Cu Nn{Xw \¬Ip∂ hnj-b-sa-¥ mWv ?

m

CØcw {]iv\-ß ƒ C∂ v kaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂ pt≠m?

m

Ds≠-¶n¬ GsX√mw taJ-e-I-fn-emWv AXv \ne-\n¬°p-∂ Xv ?

Ip´n-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-ß ƒ {]m[m-\-y-tØmsS ]cn-K-Wn®v A[-ym-]nI N¿® t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂ p. C∂ sØ kaq-l-Øn¬ "kv{Xo-b-\p-`-hn-°p∂ hnth-]-N-\-ß ƒ' F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ hy-‡n-]c-amb Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°-s´. GXm\pw Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ p. sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ah-kcw \¬Ip∂ p

2.

IYm-hm-b-\-˛-A-\p-`-h-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°¬

b{¥ w ]pXnb ho´n-te°v Xmakw am‰m-\-bmƒ Hcp temdn \ndsb kma-{Kn-bp-am-bm-W-v FØn-b-Xv. "CXp Ae-°p-b-{¥ w' hm-jn-ß vsa-jo≥ hoSns‚sbmcp aqe-bn¬ Abmƒ Cd-°n-sh-∏n-®p. "CXv {^nUvPv' kzo-I-cW apdn-bpsS Hc-‰Øv F√m-hcpw ImWp∂ Hcp `mKØp Xs∂ henb {^nUvPpw sIm≠p sh∏n-®p. Ah-km\w Abmƒ temdn-bn¬ \n∂ n-d-°n-bXv Hcp s]Æ n-s\. tPmen-°m-tcmSv Abmƒ ]d-™p. "A-Sp-°-f-bpsS Hcp aqe-bn¬ tISp-Iq-SmsX sIm≠p-sh-°p-I'. ]mNIw sNøp-Ibpw ]m{X-ß ƒ Igp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]pXnb b{¥ sØ Ah¿ Icp-X-temsS tISp-Iq-SmsX ASp-°-fp-bpsS Hcp aqebn¬ sIm≠p-sh-®p. an\n-°-Y-bpsS tIm∏n Ip´n-Iƒ {i≤-tbmsS hmbn-°s´ •

Cu IY-bnse IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ Bscm-s°-bmWv?

•

IY-bn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ kv{Xo IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ khn-ti-jX Fs¥ m-s°-bmWv ? 20

IpSpw-_-Ønepw s]mXp-k-aq-l-Ønepw kv{Xob-\p-`-hn-°p∂ {]iv\-ß -fn-te°v hnc¬Nq≠p∂ cobn¬ N¿® \bn-°p-at√m CXn\p kam-\-amb A\p-`-h-ß ƒ (k-z¥ w/ as‰mcmƒ ]d-™p-tI-´tXm hmbn-®-tXm) \nß ƒ°pap-≠m-bn-´pt≠m? N¿®-bn¬ cq]-s∏´ [mc-W-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ kz¥ w A\p-`-h-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm°-s´. "s]Æ -\p-`-h-ß ƒ" F∂ ]Xn∏v Xøm-dm-°-s´.

3.

]m\¬ N¿®˛ dnt∏m¿´v

t\csØ FgpXn Xøm-dm-°nb Nne tNmZ-ym-h-en-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°v \¬Ip-∂ p. Hcp hm°ntem hmI-y-Øntem tNmZ-y-ß ƒ°v DØ-c-sa-gp-X-W-sa∂ v \n¿t±-in-°p∂ p 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ip´n-Iƒ Fgp-Xnb tNmZ-yhpw DØ-chpw ¢m n¬ hmbn-°p-∂ p. {]Xn-I-cW kz-`m-h-a-\p-k-cn®v Ip´n-Isf \mev ]m\-ep-I-fm°n Xncn-°p-∂ p. Hmtcm ]m\-en\pw kv{Xo {]iv\-ß ƒ sshhn-[-y-ß -tfmsS {]ta-b-h-XvI-cn-°p∂ kma-{Kn-Iƒ sImSp-°p-∂ p. ]m\¬-˛1

˛

]mZ-k-cw, XØ (an-\n-°-Y-˛-]n.-sI.-]m-d-°-S-hv)

]m\¬-˛2

˛

s]¨Ip-™v"90 (F-Un‰v sNbvX-Xv), kw{I-aWw (F-Un‰v sNbvX-Xv)

]m\¬-˛3

˛

Hcp cm{Xn-bpsS Hm¿Ωbv°v(k-°-dn-b), Ahƒ Hcp I¿ΩWn {]tbm-Kw(-Iev]‰ \mcm-b-W≥)

]m\¬-˛4

˛

kv{Xo {]Xn-—mb A∂ v C∂ v, Zri-am-[-y-a-ß -fnse kv{Xo (B¿.-]m¿∆-Xo-tZ-hn)

(km-a-{Kn-Iƒ A\p-_-‘-ambn sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v) ]m\-ep-Iƒ°v \¬Inb kma-{Kn-Iƒ kq£va hmb-\bv°v hnt[-b-am°n ]T\ e£-y-ß -fn-te°v Ip´n-Isf \bn-°pw-hn[w N¿®m kqN-I-ß ƒ hnI-kn-∏n®v {Kq∏n¬ \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. N¿®m kqN-I-ß ƒ 4 ]m\-en\pw Hcp t]mse-bm-°m≥ {i≤n-°p-a-t√m. CXv N¿®-bpsS NSp-e-Xsb \ne-\n¿Øm≥ klmbn-°pw. N¿®m kqN-I-ß ƒ •

s]mXp-bn-S-ß -fn¬ C∂ pw kv{Xo Ak-z-X-{¥ -bmWv 21

•

kv{Xosb-°p-dn-®p≈ s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ hnI-e-amWv

•

kv{Xo°v kz¥ w ico-chpw kuµ-c-yhpw amc-I-ambn amdp∂ p

•

kv{Xo hnth-N\w IW-°p-Iƒ km£-y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ p

•

Zri-y-am-[-y-a-ß -fn¬ kv{XoIƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ]cn-an-X-amWv

•

A[n-Imc tI{µ-ß -fn¬ kv{XobpsS {]mXn-\n-[yw C∂ pw ]cn-an-X-amWv

]m\¬ N¿®m {]h¿Ø-\sØ kw_-‘n® hy-‡X Ip´n-Iƒ°v \¬Ip-∂ -Xn\v Bh-i-y-amb ap≥I-cp-Xep-Iƒ A[-ym-]nI \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. •

hnjbw (km-a-{Kn-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v hnjbw Xocp-am-\n-°p-a-t√m)

•

{Kq∏v Xncn-b¬

•

tamU-td-‰sd \n›-bn-°¬-˛-Np-a-Xe

•

tIƒhn-°m¿-˛-tNm-Z-y-ap-∂ -bn-°p-∂ -h¿-˛-a-dp-]Sn ]d-bp-∂ -h¿

]m\¬ N¿®-bv°p-tijw Ip´n-Iƒ hy-‡n-K-X-ambn N¿®m dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°p-∂ p. dnt∏m¿´ns‚ LS-\, D≈-S°w F∂ n-hsb kw_-‘n® Imc-y-ß -fn¬ hy-‡-amb \n¿t±-i-ß ƒ \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v.

4.

IYm-]m{X \ncq-]-Ww, A`n-apJ tNmZ-ym-hen F∂ o {]h¿Ø-\-ß -fn-te°v Ip´n-Isf \bn-®mtem ?

*

\nß ƒ ]pcm-W-I-Y-Iƒ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂ pt≠m?

*

]pcm-WI-Y-I-fn¬ CjvS-s∏´ IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ Bsc-√m-amWv?

*

GsXms° ]pcmW kv{Xo IYm-]m-{X-ß -sf-bmWv \nß ƒ°-dn-bpI ? Cu tNmZ-y-Øn\v {]m[m-\yw sImSpØv hnh-c-ß ƒ Bcm-bp-Ibpw BB bn¬ t]cp-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-Ibpw thWw. {][m-\-s∏´ 4 kv{Xo IYm-]m-{X-ß -fpsS t]cn-\-Sn-bn¬ hcn-b-Sp∂ p ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ IS-∂ p-h-∂ n-´p-≈Xpw hcm-\p-≈-Xp-amb IYm-]m-{X-ß -fn¬ tI{µo-I-cn-°Ww DZm: koX, iIp-¥ -f, Za-b-¥ n, Km‘mcn

Cu IYm-]m-{X-ß sf \ap°v ¢mkn-se-Øn-®mtem? _p≤n-ap-´mWv At√ ? F∂ m¬ ¢m nse 4 t]¿°v IYm-]m-{X-ß -fmbn amdm-\p≈ Ah-kcw \¬Imw. B \mep-t]sc Is≠-Øm≥ F¥ p-sN-øWw ? AXn\p klm-b-I-amb Hcp {]h¿Ø\w sNbvXmtem? \nß ƒ koX, iIp-¥ -f, Za-b-¥ n, Km‘mcn F∂ o IYm-]m-{X-ß sf Ipdn®v ]c-am-h[n hnh-c-ß ƒ tiJ-cn-°-Ww. AXn-\mbn Cu IYm-]m-{X-ß -fpsS t]cn-ep≈ 4 {Kq∏p-I-fmbn amdmw. Ip´n-Isf 4 {Kq∏p-I-fmbn Xncn-°p-∂ p. Hmtcm {Kq∏n-t\mSpw Ah-c-h-cpsS IYm-]m-{X-ß sf Ipdn®v hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \S-Øm≥ Bh-i-y-s∏-Sp-∂ p.

22

IYm-]m{X \ncq-]-Ww, IYm-]m{X ]T-\w, \nco-£-W°p-dn-∏v, kzm-`n-{]m-b-°p-dn-∏v, {]Xn-Ic-W-°p-dn∏v F∂ n-ß s\ hy-X-ykvX hy-h-lmc coXn-bn¬ sNbvXp-h-cm≥ {]tX-yIw \n¿t±in-°-Ww. Xøm-dm°n h∂ hnh-c-ß ƒ {Kq∏p-I-fn¬ hmbn-°p-∂ p. {Kq∏p N¿® kPo-h-am-°m≥ A[-ym-]I\v/A[-ym-]n-Ibv°v CS-s]-Smw. Hmtcm {Kq∏n¬ \n∂ pw \∂ mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Hmtcm Ip´nsb sXc-s™-Sp-°-Ww. Ah-tcmSv hni-Z-amb IYm-]m-{X-]-T\w Xøm-dm-°m≥ ]d-bp-∂ p. a‰v Ip´n-I-tfmSv AXmXv {Kq∏nse IYm-]m-{X-ß -tfmSv A`n-apJw \S-Øm-\m-h-i-y-amb tNmZ-ymhen Xøm-dm-°m-\m-h-i-y-s∏-Smw.

5.

¢m n¬ \Ωƒ XΩn¬ ]cn-]mSn kwL-Sn-∏n-®mtem? AXn-\mbn apºv \S-Ønb {]h¿Ø-\-Ønse hn`-h-ß ƒ Xs∂ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-am-hmat√m?

*

hni-Z-amb IYm-]m-{X-]-T\w Xøm-dm-°nb 4 Ip´n-Isf Xs∂ IYm-]m-{X-ß -fmbn cwK-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cmw.

\√ Ah-X-c-W-ti-jn-bp≈ Hcp Ip´nsb Xs∂ tamU-td-‰-dmbn \n›-bn-°p-at√m? B Ip´n°v Bh-i-y-amb [mc-W-Iƒ BZ-yta Xs∂ \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw. Xmsg sImSpØ coXn-bn¬ tamU-td-‰¿°v \n¿t±-i-ß ƒ \¬Imw. m

IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ°v kzbw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ah-kcw \¬I-Ww. ChnsS IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ Ah-cpsS IY Npcp°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww.

m

\nß -fpsS Pohn-X-Ønse G‰hpw {]bm-k-ap-≠m-°nb A\p-`-h-ß ƒ ]d-bmtam?

m

BcmWv CØcw Ah-ÿ -Iƒ \nß -fpsS Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-°m≥ Imc-W-°m¿?

m

Ah-tcm-Sp≈ {]Xn-tj[w tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ A°m-eØv \nß ƒ°v km[n-®n-cpt∂ m ?

m

CØcw A\p-`-h-ß ƒ C∂ m-sW-¶n¬ Fß -s\-bm-bn-cn°pw \nß ƒ {]Xn-I-cn-°pI?

m

£a-bp-sSbpw kl-\-Øns‚bpw Xym-K-Øns‚bpw ]mXn-{h-X-y-Øns‚bpw DØ-a-am-Xr-I-I-fmbn \nß sf temIw(-]p-cp-j-tem-Iw) hmgvØp-∂ -Xn¬ A`n-am-\hpw kt¥ m-jhpw tXm∂ p-∂ nt√

m

AXv kaq-l-Øn\v \nß -tfm-Sp≈ kvt\l-_-lp-am-\-ß ƒ sIm≠m-sW∂ v \nß ƒ Icp-Xp-∂ pt≠m?

m

Cu B[p-\nI Ime-L-´-Øn¬ kv{XoI-fpsS PohnX \ne-hm-chpw Ah¿°v e`n-°p∂ kmaq-l-ymw-Ko-Im-chpw F{X-tØmfw Db¿∂ n-´p-≠v.

CØcw tNmZ-y-ß -fn-eqsS IYm-]m-{X-ß -sf∂ \ne-bnepw hnZ-ym¿∞ n F∂ \ne-bn-ep-ap≈ ]cmam-h[n A`n-{]m-b-ß ƒ Xpd-∂ -h-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Ah-k-cw \¬I-Ww. s]mXp-hn¬ ]g-b-Im-e-L-´-Ønse kv{Xob-h-ÿ -Iƒ a\- n-em-°m≥ A°m-e-L-´-Ønse kmlnX-yw(-]u-cm-WnI kmln-X-yw) hmbn-°pI hgn km[n-°pw F∂ v kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v tamU-td-‰¿ t{ImUoI-cn-°p-∂ p. ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°m≥ Ip´n-I-tfmSv \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ p. *

"kmln-X-y-Ønse kv{Xo" au\-hm-b-\bv°v \¬Ip-∂ p.

23

6. eLp-Po-h-N-cn-{X-°p-dn-∏v, Im‰-tem-K,v \nco-£-W-°p-dn-∏v, N¿®m kqN-Iß ƒ F∂ o {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ {Kq∏v {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS sNbvXmtem? "km-ln-X-y-Ønse kv{Xo' au\-hm-b-\bv°v tijw Ip´n-Isf 4 {Kq∏p-I-fmbn Xncn-°p-∂ p. {Kq∏v ˛ 1

ap≠-t»-cn-sb-Ip-dn®v hnh-c-ti-J-cWw

{Kq∏v ˛ 2

teJ-\-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ IrXn-Iƒ IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ, Fgp-Øp-Im¿ F∂ nh Dƒs∏-SpØn {]tX-yI Im‰-temKv Xøm-dm-°¬

{Kq∏v ˛3

kmln-X-y-Ønse kv{Xob-h-ÿ -Iƒ-˛-ap-≠-t»cnbpsS \nco-£-W-ß ƒ tiJ-cn-°p-∂ p. Ah-tbm-Sp≈ kz¥ w \nco-£-W-ß ƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ p

{Kq∏v ˛ 4

"kv{XoIƒ-˛-]≠pw C∂ pw' ]m\¬ N¿® \S-Øm-\p≈ kqN-I-ß ƒ Is≠-ج

{Kq∏p N¿® \S-Ønb tijw Is≠Øn h∂ Imc-y-ß ƒ Ipdn-∏p-I-fmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ahkcw \¬Ip-∂ p.

7.

kwhmZw ""-cmaw Zi-cYw hn≤n amw hn≤n P\-Im-flPmw Atbm-≤-ym-a-Shnw hn≤n K—-XmX bYm-kp-Jw''

r

CXv GXv IrXn-bn-se-Xm-sW-∂ -dn-bmtam?

r

kµ¿`w ]d-bmtam ?

cmam-b-W-Øn¬ cma\pw koXbpw h\-hm-k-Øn-\p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ Ah¿s°m∏w t]mIp∂ e£a-W-t\mSv AΩ-bmb kpan-{X, cmas\ Zic-Y\p ka-\mbpw koXsb AΩ-bmb Xs∂ -t∏m-sebpw ImSns\ Atbm-≤-y-bmbpw I≠v kpJ-ambn bm{X-bm-bn-s°m-≈m≥ D]-tZ-in-°p∂ kµ¿`-Øn¬ \n∂ pw Nne tNmZ-y-ß ƒ Db¿Ømhp-∂ -Xm-Wv. r

amXm-hn-s\bpw, ktlm-Z-cn-tbbpw _lp-am-\-tØmsS ImWp∂ Hcp kaq-l-amtWm C∂ p-≈Xv ? Ip´n-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-ß ƒ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂ -Xn\v Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°mw.

]{X-am-k-nI-I-fn-se-bpw, Nm\-ep-I-fn-sebpw hm¿Øm-i-I-e-ß -fn¬ {]X-y-£-s∏-Sp∂ kaq-l-a-\ v hni-I-e\w sNømw. sImfm-jv, hoUntbm ¢n∏nß v F∂ nh {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw. ta¬ Bi-b-ß -fn¬ \n∂ v hy-X-ykvX A`n-{]mb {]I-S\w \S-Øp∂ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Hcp kwhmZw kwL-Sn-∏n-°mw. cmam-bWw F∂ CXn-lmk Imh-y-Øn\v ]e BJ-ym-\-ß ƒ D≠m-bn-´p-≠v.

24

t]cp ]d-bmtam? *

cma-N-cnXw

*

IÆ -»-cm-am-bWw

*

am∏n-f-cm-am-bWw

bp≤-Øn\v {]m[m-\-y-ap≈ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ bp≤-]-S-e-Øn\v {]m[m-\yw \¬In "cm-a-N-cn-Xw' cNn°-s∏-´p. Hmtcm Ime-L-´-Ønepw Hmtcm ImgvN-∏m-Sn\p {]m[m-\yw \¬In-bmWv cmam-b-W-Øn\v BJym\-ß -fp-≠m-bn-´p-≈-Xv. koX-bpsS IÆ n-eqsS cmam-b-WsØ t\m°n-°m-Wp∂ ae-bm-f-Ønse IrXn ? I¿Ømhv ? m

Nn¥ m-hn-jvS-bmb koX

At\-z-jW - m-flI {]h¿Ø\w •

kz¥ w PohnXw sIm≠v Ncn-{X-Øn¬ CSw t\Snb h\nXm cXv\-ß ƒ *

\ap°v apt∂ IS-∂ p-t]m-b-h¬

*

\tΩm-sSm∏w \S-°p-∂ -h¿

A\p-_‘w ]mZ-kcw hnhm-l-k-a-bØv c£n-Xm-°ƒ s]Æ n\v sImSp-ØXv aq∂ q-dv]-h≥ Igp-Ønepw ImXnepw Acbnepw \ndsb B`-c-W-ß ƒ. Ah-scm∂ v ad-∂ p-t]m-bn-cp-∂ p. ]mZ-kcw \·-amb Im¬Ø-≠-Iƒ t\m°n hc≥ tNmZn-®p. "Im-en-en-Sm≥ H∂ pw X∂ nt√?' \mW-Øn¬ hncn™ Hcp Nncn-tbmsS Ah-tfmXn "C-√'. Abmƒ ]d™p "km-c-e-y' F∂ n´v Abmƒ Icp-Xn-sh® henb Nß -e-bn´v Ahsf Xf-®p.

XØ XØ Ah-tfmSv ]d™p "\obpw Fs∂ -t∏mse Xs∂ ' At∏mƒ ]mepw ]g-hp-ambn `¿Øm-shØn "B-cm-Wn-hnsS \n∂ v kwkm-cn-®-Xv? Abmƒ tNmZn-®p. "X-Ø' Ahƒ ]d™p A∂ v cm{Xn Abmƒ XØbv°v Nnd-Ip-Iƒ \¬In at‰tXm temI-Øn-te°v ]d-Øn-hn-´p. Ct∏mƒ XØ-°q-´n¬ Ah-fm-Wv. ˛ 25

]n.-sI.-]m-d-°-Shv

C¥ -y≥ Sn.-hn.-N-cn{Xw Sn.-cm-[m-aWn 1991 C¥ -y≥ Sn.-hn.-N-cn-{X-Ønse \mgn-I-°-√m-Wv. AXp-hsc HutZ-ym-KnI k¿°m¿ Nm\-emb ZqcZ¿i≥ am{X-amWv C¥ -y-°m¿°v e`n-®n-cp-∂ -Xv. 1959 ¬ bpsW-kvtIm-bpsS {Km‚p-]-tbm-Kn®v hnZ-ym`ymk {]Nm-c-W-Øn-\m-bmWv ]co-£-Wm-Sn-ÿ m-\-Øn¬ C¥ -y-bn¬ Zqc-Z¿i≥ XpS-ß n-b-Xv. XpS¿∂ p≈ ap∏Xv sIm√-°mew Zqc-Z¿is‚ hf¿®bpw hnI-k-\hpw hfsc aµ-K-Xn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂ p. F∂ m¬ 1991 ¬ BWv Cu cwKØv am‰-Øns‚ hnkvt^m-S\w Xs∂ \S-∂ -Xv. Kƒ^v bp≤w X¬k-abw {]t£-]Ww sNbvXp-sIm≠v kn.-F≥.-F≥.-BWv C¥ -y-bpsS kzo-I-cW apdn-bn¬ FØnb BZ-ysØ kz-Im-cy Nm\¬. XpS¿∂ v Ãm¿ Sn.-hn. C¥ -y≥ t{]£-I¿°v {]nb-s∏-´-Xmbn amdn. AtXmsS C¥ -y≥ sSen-hn-js‚ kz`m-h-Ønepw e£-y-Ønepw \mS-Io-b-amb am‰-Øn\v XpS-°-am-bn. hfsc s]s´∂ v hnt\m-Zhpw em`hpw am{Xw e£-y-am-°p∂ hy-h-kmb ÿ m]-\-ß ƒ F∂ ]Z-hn-bn-te°v Zqc-Z¿i≥ t]mepw amdp-I-bm-bncp∂ p. Cu L´-Øn¬ C¥ -y-bn¬ kmº-ØnI cwK-Øv ]pXnb ]cn-jvIm-c-ß ƒ XpS-ß n-°-gn-™n-cp∂ p. 1991 ¬ Xs∂ -bmWv \c-knw-l-dmhp k¿°m¿ ]pØ≥ kmº-ØnI \bw AwKo-I-cn®p \S-∏m°n XpSß n-b-Xv. 1991 ¬ BWv Cu c≠p Imc-y-ß fpw Bcw-`n-®-sX-∂ p-≈Xv bmZr-—n-I-a-√. BtKm-f-h¬°-cWhpw DZm-h¬°-c-W-hpw hnP-b-I-c-ambn \S-∏m-°-W-sa-¶n¬ BtKmf am[-y-a-ß -fpsS klmbw Bhi-y-am-sW∂ v `c-W-h¿K-Øn\v Adn-bmw. BtKm-f-Ip-Ø-I-I-fpsS Xmev]-cyw kwc-£n-°m≥ _m[-y-Xs∏´ am[-ya hy-h-kmbw Aß s\ kaq-l-Øns‚ ]ptcm-KXn F∂ e£yw ]msS Dt]-£n-°m≥ \n¿_‘n-°-s∏-Sp-∂ p. km{am-P-y-X-z-Øns‚ B[n-]-X-yw, Zcn-{Zhpw Ahn-I-kn-X-hp-amb cmP-y-ß -fn¬ ÿ m]n-s®Sp-°p-∂ -Xn-\p≈ D]m-[n-bmbn Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv am[-y-a-ß ƒ hfsc s]s´∂ v amdn. dh-\yq hcp-am\w F∂ \ym-bo-I-cWw ]d™v ]c-k-y-I-º-\n-I-fpsS Xmev]-cy kwc-£-I-cmb apJ-y-[m-cm-am-[-y-ß ƒ IqSpX¬ em`w D≠m-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ Bkq-{XWw sNbvXp, kaq-l-Øn¬ C∂ p \ne-\n¬°p∂ A\o-Xnbpw Ak-a-X-zhpw IqSp-X¬ cq£-am-tI-≠-Xv. Ah-cpsS k¶p-NnX Xm¬]-c-y-ß ƒ kwc-£n-°p∂ -Xn\v Bh-i-y-am-bp-c∂ p. kmaq-ly cmjv{Sob cwK-ß -fn¬ CS-s]-tS≠ {]X-y-b-imkv{X D]-I-c-W-ß fmb am[-y-a-ß ƒ hfsc hnZ-Kv[-ambn CXn-\p-th≠n s]mXp-t_m-[-Øn¬ kzm-[o\w sNep-Øp-∂ p. A`n-cp-Nn-Ifpw Xmev]-c-y-ß fpw CjvSm-\n-jvS-ß fpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ -Xn¬ Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv am[-y-ß ƒ°p≈ ]¶v hnZ-Kv[¿ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂ p-≠v. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ kv{XoIfpw Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv am[-y-a-ß fpw F∂ hnjbw ssIIm-cyw sNøptºmƒ H´pw {]Xo£ \¬Ip∂ Nn{X-a√ \ap°p e`n-°p-∂ -Xv. 1991 ¬ Sn.-hn. ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-ep-≠mb am‰w Hcp ]s£ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-®n-cn-°p-∂ Xv kv{XoI-sf-bm-Wv. 20-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ temI-sØ-ºm-Sp-ap≈ kv{Xo {]ÿ m-\-ß ƒ hºn® coXn-bn-ep≈ apt∂ -‰-amWv \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂ -Xv. tZiob {]ÿ m-\-Øn-s\m∏w \n∂ C¥ -y≥ kv{Xobpw Gsd Zqcw apt∂ m-´p-t]m-bn. hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Øns‚bpw sXmgn-ens‚bpw cwKØv Ah¿°v FSp-Øp-]-d-bm≥ ]‰p∂ t\´-ap-≠m-bn. F∂ m¬ Ign™ Hcp ]Xn‰m-≠n¬ Cu t\´-ß ƒ ]eXpw C¥ -y-bnse kv{XoIƒ°v ssItamiw h∂ p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. tIcf-am-Is´ kv{Xo hntam-N\ cwK-sØ t\´-ß fn¬ Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Gsd A`n-am-\n-®n-cp-∂ p. GsXmcp kaq-l-Øns‚bpw ]ptcm-KXn hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ LS-I-ß -fmb kv{Xo km£-c-X, inip-a-c-W-\n-c-°v, kv{Xo˛]p-cp-jm-\p-]mXw F∂ n-h-bn¬ tIcfw hnI-knX cmP-y-ß ƒs°m∏w FØn-bn-´p-≠v. ]s£ tIc-fØnse kv{XoI-fpsS t\Xr-cw-K-Øp≈ AZr-i-y-Xbpw Ah-cpsS k©mc kzm-X-{¥ -y-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ hne-°p-Ifpw C∂ pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂ p-≠v. Ign™ Hcp ]Xn-‰m-≠n-\n-S-bn¬ h¿[n®p h∂ ssewKnI ]oV-\-ß fpw kv{Xo[\-a-c-W-ß fpw Iq´-_-em¬kw-K-ß fpw tIc-f-Ønse kv{Xo hntam-N\ {]h¿Ø-\ß ƒt°‰ I\Ø Xncn-®-Sn-bm-Wv. Cu ]nt∂ m-´-Snbv°v Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv am[-y-a-ß ƒ sNdp-X-√mØ ]¶mWv hln-®n-cn-°p-∂ -Xv. t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse Xß -fpsS hy-h-km-bsØ Fß s\ em`-Ic-am-°mw F∂ p Nn¥ n-°p-tºmƒ AhnsS kaq-lsØ apt∂ m´p \bn-°pI F∂ e£-y-Øn\v Xo¿Øpw ÿ m\-an-√m-Xm-Ip-∂ p. kaqlw kv{Xosb Ipdn®v h®p ]pe¿Øp∂ hnI-e-ab [mc-W-Iƒ Du´n-bp-d-∏n26

®m¬ am{Xta em`-ap-≠m-°m-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ kpK-a-ambn \S-°p-I-bp-≈q. Xß -fpsS kz-Xzw Xncn®-dn-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Ae-¶mc hkvXp-°ƒ F∂ ]Zhn \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂ kv{XoI-sf-bmWv Sn.-hn.-°m-h-i-yw. ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏-Sp-∂ -h-cpsS ka-tcm-’ p-I-Xsb XI¿Øp-sIm≠v kzm-X-{¥ -y-sØ-°pdn®v kz]v\w ImWm-\p≈ CSw-t]m-epw \¬ImsXbpamWv sSen-hn-j≥ Xß -fpsS cl-ky AP≠ \S∏m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ -Xv. BtKm-f-h¬°-cWØns‚ kmºn-ØI \bw hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂ -Xn-\p-th≠n D]-t`mK kwkvIm-csØ t{]m’ m-ln-∏n-°pI F∂ -XmWv Ch-cpsS \bw. icoc tI{µo-Ir-X-amb D]t`mK kwkvImcw kv{Xosb D]-t`mK hkvXp-hmbn Db¿Øn-°m-´p-∂ p. am{X-a√ Hmtcm hy-‡nbpw D]t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ h‡m-°ƒ°v D]-t`m-‡m-hm-Wv. P\m-[n-]-X-y-]-c-amb Ah-Im-i-ß fpw A[nIm-c-ß fpw D≈ ]ucs‚ ÿ m\-Øv, X\n°v \nX-y-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Bh-i-y-an-√mØ km[-\-ß ƒ hmß n°q-´p∂ D]-t`m-‡mhv Ibdn Ccn-°p-∂ p. Cu Ahÿ krjvSn-°p-∂ -Xn¬ H∂ mw ÿ m\-ØmWv CeIvt{Sm-WnIv am[-y-a-ß ƒ. kv{Xo=-i-cocw F∂ kv{Xo hncp-≤-amb Bi-b-sØ-bmWv Ch ]p\-cp¬]m-Zn∏n-°p-∂ -Xv. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ Sn.-hn.-Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ am[-y-a-ß sf ]c-am-h[n Cu Bib {]N-c-WØn-\mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ p. BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ ^e-ambn kmwkvIm-cnI cwK-Øp-≠m-bns°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ A]-I-S-I-c-amb ]pXnb {]h-W-X-Iƒs°-Xn-sc-bp-≠m-Ip∂ kv{Xo apt∂ -‰sØ hnZKv[-ambn XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ Xpw Sn.-hn.-bpsS klm-b-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. Xpd-∂ n´ BIm-i-Øn-eqsS kzo-IcW apdn-I-fn-te°v Hgp-In-sb-Øp∂ \qdn-tesd Nm\-ep-Iƒs°√mw GXm≠v Htc cq]hpw `mhhpw BsW∂ p ImWmw. Ah \ΩpsS ap∂ n¬ FØn-°p∂ temIw h¿W-i-º-fhpw i_vZ-b-am-\-hp-amb A]-cn-Nn-X-amb at‰tXm temI-am-Wv. Cu temIsØ bph-X-e-apd Htc Xcw hkv{Xw (Po≥kpw j¿´pw) [cn-°p-Ibpw Htc `£Ww (s]-]vknbpw ^nwK¿ Nn]vkpw) Ign-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂ p. ChnsS {]mtZ-inI kwkvIm-chpw PohnX coXnbpw A{]-X-y-£-am-hp-I-bm-Wv. BtKm-f-{Km-a-Øns‚ GI-apJ kwkvImcw km{am-P-y-X-z-tØbpw kv{Xo hncp-≤-amb D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-tØbpw hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cnI-bm-Wv. P\m-[n-]-Xy kaq-lsØ Xmß n-\n¿Øp∂ \mep XqWp-I-fn¬ Hs∂ ∂ ]Zhn Dt]-£n®v D]t`m-K-kw-k vIm-c-Øns‚ ]Xm-Im-h m-l-I¿ F∂ Ah-ÿ -bn-t e°v apJ-y-[mcm am[- y-a-ß ƒ FØn \n¬°p∂ p.

D≈S°w hm¿Øbpw hm¿Øm-[n-jvTnX ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw, hnt\m-Z-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Cu coXn-bn¬ Sn.-hn.-]-cn-]mSn-Isf c≠mbn Xncn-°mw. Cu Hmtcm hn`m-Khpw kv{XoI-fpsS {]iv\-ß fpw kv{XoIsf kw_-‘n®p≈ hm¿Ø-Ifpw Fß s\ ssIIm-cyw sNøp∂ p F∂ p {]tX-y-I-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. hm¿Øbpw hm¿Øm-[n-jvTnX ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw hm¿Ø : H‰ hmN-I-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ kv{Xo GXm≠v ]q¿W-ambpw AZr-i-y-bm-sW∂ v] ]d-bmw. hm¿Øsb kw_-‘n® \ΩpsS s]mXp-[mcW kv{Xobv°v CSw \¬Im≥ klm-bn-°p-∂ -X-√. hf-sc-tbsd cmjv{So-b-h¬°-cn-°-s∏´ kaq-l-amb tIc-f-Øn¬ {]tX-y-In®pw cmjv{Sob hm¿Ø-Iƒ°mWv {]map-J-yw. ]{X-am-bmepw Sn.-hn.-bm-bmepw G-‰hpw {][m\ hm¿Ø-I-fmbn IW-°m-°p-∂ Xv cmjv{Sob I£n-I-fpsS {Kq∏p-h-g°pw cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°-∑m-cpsS Agn-a-Xnbpw A{I-a-hp-am-Wv. cmjv{Soh {]h¿ØI¿ kmaq-ly hncp-≤cm-sW∂ Acm-jv{Sob ktµ-i-amWv apJ-y-[mcm am[-y-a-ß ƒ CXp-hgn \¬Ip-∂ -Xv. hfsc {]Xn-tem-a-I-c-amb coXn-bn-ep≈ cmjv{Sob hm¿Ø-Iƒ°v AanX {]m[m-\yw \¬In {]kn-≤o-Icn-°p-tºmƒ kv{Xo°-hnsS CS-an-√msX hcp-∂ p. ImcWw cmjv{Sob cwKØv kv{Xo km∂ n-≤yw \ma-am{X-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ hm¿Ø-bnepw Ahƒ IS-∂ p-h-cp-∂ n-√. A{I-a-ß -fpsS Cc F∂ coXn-bn¬ am{X-amWv IqSp-Xepw hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ kv{Xo IS-∂ p-h-cp-∂ -Xv. ]oU\ kw`-h-ß ƒ am{X-amWv dnt∏m¿´v sNøm-dp-≈-Xv. ]{X-ß ƒ sNdnb coXn-bn-se-¶nepw kv{Xo[\ ac-W-ß fpw kv{Xo ]oU-\-ß fpw dnt∏m¿´v sNøm-dp-s≠∂ p ImWmw. F∂ m¬ Sn.-hn.-bpsS "sk≥tkj-W¬ tP¿W-en-kw' ssewKnI ]oU-\-ß -fn¬ HXp-ß p-∂ p. CØcw hm¿Ø-Iƒ dnt∏m¿´p sNøp-∂ Xn-eqsS kaql a\:-km-£nsb DW¿Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂ p≠v (D-Zm: kqc-y-s\-√n, hnXp-c, ]¥ -fw) F∂ Xp bmYm¿∞ -y-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒØs∂ Cu hm¿Ø-Iƒ Fß s\ sImSp-°p∂ p F∂ -XmWv ]cn-tim-[nt°-≠-Xv. ss]¶n-fn-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ CØcw hm¿Ø-Iƒ bYm¿∞ kw`-h-Øns‚ ]n∂ nse kmaq27

ly bmYm¿∞ yw I≠n-s√∂ p \Sn-°p-∂ p. Sn.-hn.-]n-¥ p-W-bv°p∂ D]-t`mK kwkvIm-c-Øn-\\v A\ptbm-P-y-amb coXn-bn¬ kv{Xo, icocw am{X-am-sW∂ pw Ah-fpsS imcocnI "_-e-lo-\-X-Iƒ' aqew ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂ Xv "k-zm-`m-hn-Iw' am{X-am-sW-∂ p≈ ktµ-i-amWv CØcw ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂ -Xv. "]o-Un-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ kv{XoX-zw' Sn.-hn.-bpsS {]nb-{]-ta-b-ambn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂ Xp Xs∂ AXns‚ ss]¶nfn-h¬°-cW km[-y-X-Iƒ aqe-am-Wv. hm¿Øsb hm¿Ø-bm-°p∂ Hcp ]mSv LS-I-ß -fp-≠v. GsX-¶nepw Hcp kw`hw dnt∏m¿´p sNbvXp F∂ -Xp-sIm≠p am{Xw AXn\v A¿ln-°p∂ {]m[m-\yw D≠m-Ip-∂ n-√. ]{XsØ kw_-‘n®n-S-tØmfw Hcp hm¿Ø GXp t]Pn¬ hcp∂ p F∂ -XmWv {][m-\w. F∂ m¬ sSen-hn-j-\n-em-Is´ GXp _p≈-‰n-\n¬ hcp∂ p F∂ -XmWv IW-°n-se-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. ae-bmfw Nm\-ep-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-StØmfw Ggp aWn-°p≈ hm¿Ø-bmWv G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏-´-Xv. (Cu Ggp aWn F∂ Xv ssIc-fn°v 6.30 Dw Gj-ym-s\-‰n\v 6.55, kqc-ybv°v 6.50 Dw BWv) CXmWv "ss{]w _p≈-‰n≥'. G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ t]¿ ImWp∂ _p≈-‰n≥ CXm-sW-∂ mWv IW-°m-°p-∂ -Xv. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ {][m-\-hm¿Ø-I-sf√mw "ss{]w _p≈-‰n-\n"¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂ p. a‰p ]e _p≈-‰n-\p-Ifpw ]e Nm\-ep-Iƒ°p-ap-≠v. ssIc-fnbn¬ cmhnse 7.30 \pw D®bv°v 1 \v, sshIo´v 6 \v, cm{Xn 9 \v, 10.30 \v, A¿≤-cm{Xn 12 aWn°v F∂ nß -s\-bmWv _p≈-‰n-\p-Iƒ D≈-Xv. Gj-ym-s\‰v t•m_-en¬ Hmtcm aWn-°q¿ IqSp-tºmgpw hm¿Øm _p≈-‰n-\p-Iƒ D≠v. F∂ m¬ cm{Xn 7 \v a‰p _p≈-‰n-\nse G‰hpw {][m\s∏´ hm¿Ø-Iƒ°p ]pdsa "F-Ivkv¢q-ko-hv' F∂ pw "kvIq-∏v' F∂ pw a‰pw ]d-bmhp∂ hm¿Ø-Ifpw D≠m-hpw. AXmXv Nm\-en\p am{X-ambn In´nb hm¿Ø-Iƒ BW-h. Cu hm¿Ø-Iƒ Hcp ]s£ cmhnse In´n-bmepw AXv cm{Xn Ggp aWn°v ImWn-°m-\mbn am‰n-sh-°p-∂ p. ImcWw Cu _p≈-‰n-\mWv Nm\-ens‚ A`nam-\w. ss{]w _p≈-‰n-\n¬ Xs∂ Ft∏mƒ ImWn-bv°p∂ p F∂ Xpw {][m-\-am-Wv. ae-bmfw Sn.-hn. hm¿Ø-Iƒs°√mw GXm≠v Htc kz-`m-h-am-sW∂ p ImWmw. \yqkv doU¿ h∂ n-cp∂ v sSen-t{]mw-]v‰dn¬ sXfn-bp∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒ t\m°n hmbn-°p-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. Ch¿ hm¿Øm hmb-\-°m-cm-Wv. Ãm¿ Sn.-hn.-bnepw a‰pw hm¿Øm Ah-Xm-c-I-cm-Wp≈-Xv. \ΩpsS Nm\-ep-I-fnse hm¿Øm hmb-\-°m¿°v henb Npa-X-e-sbm∂ pw C√. acW hm¿Øtbm Zpc-¥ -hm¿Øtbm hmbn-°p-tºmƒ i_vZ-Øn¬ Zp:Jw Ie¿ØpI am{Xw sNbvXm¬ aXn. a‰p hm¿Ø-Iƒ F√mw Hcp Xcw \n¿hn-Im-cXtbmsS hmbn®p Xo¿°mw. hm¿Ø-I-fpsS ÿ m\w \n¿Æ -bn-°p-∂ -Xnepw aq∂ p Nm\-ep-Iƒ°pw kam-\-X-Iƒ D≠v. BZ-y`mKw Xe-s°-´p-Iƒ, c≠m-aXv {][m\ hm¿Ø-Iƒ, AXm-bXv ]{X-Ønse H∂ mw t]Pn-t\m-Sm-Wn-Xn\v kma-yw. Cu `mKØv A¥ m-cm-jv{Sw, tIc-fw, tZiobw XpSß n A]q¿∆kµ¿`-ß -fn¬ kvt]m¿Svkpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂ p. CXv _p≈-‰n-\nse BZ-ysØ 5˛7 an\p-´n-\Iw Xocpw. ]n∂ o-SmWv Hmtcm {]tX-yI hn`mKw hcp-∂ -Xv. tIc-fw, tZio-bw, hntZ-iw, ho≠pw tIc-fw, kvt]m¿Svkv F∂ n-ß -s\-bmWv kmam\-y-amb hn`-P-\-co-Xn. ]{X-Ønse {]mtZ-inI t]Pns‚ ]Z-hn-bmWv "ho≠pw tIc-f"-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. tkm^v‰v\yqkv AYhm arZp-hm¿Ø-bmWv CXn¬ IqSp-Xepw D≠m-hp-I. {][m\ hm¿Øm `mK-ØmWv lm¿Uv \yqkv AYhm ITn\ hm¿Ø Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂ -Xv. Cu hn`m-K-ß fpw hn`-P\ coXnbpw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºm-gmWv hm¿Ø-I-fnse kv{XoI-fpsS AZri-yX a\- n-em-Ip-I. Ip{]-kn-≤-amb ]oU-\-˛-A-{Ia kw`-h-ß -fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-h-bm-√msX (]-¥ fw tIkv hnNm-c-W, kqc-y-s\√n tIkv) Xe-hm-N-I-ß -fn¬ kv{Xo IS-∂ p-h-cp∂ p F∂ Xv AX-y-]q¿∆-am-Wv. {][m\ hm¿Øm cwKØpw kv{XoI-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ hm¿Ø-Iƒ°v CSw e`n-°m-dn-√. "ho≠pw tIc-f"Ønse arZp-hm¿Ø-I-fmbn kv{Xohm¿Ø-Iƒ Npcp-ß p-∂ p. AXpw F√m Znh-khpw D≠m-I-W-sa-∂ p-an√. ]e-t∏mgpw kv{XoI-fpsS apt∂ -‰-ß fpw t\´-ß fpw cmhn-setbm D®bvt°m D≈ A{]-[m\ _p≈‰n-\n-te°v am‰n-sh-bv°p-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. Cß s\ t\m°p-tºmƒ kv{XoIsf kw_-‘n®v F¥ p sImSp°p∂ p F∂ -Xn\p ]Icw F¥ p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂ n√m F∂ -XmWv \mw ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xv. am[-y-a-ß -fn-eqsS am{Xw tIc-fsØ Adn-bp∂ Hcmƒ°v Chn-SpsØ kv{Xosb-°p-dn®v In´p∂ Nn{Xw "]o-U-\-Øns‚ Cc' F∂ coXn-bn¬ am{X-am-bn-cn-°pw. {Inbm-fl-I-amb Fs¥ -¶nepw CS-s]-S-epIƒ tIc-f-Ønse kv{XoIƒ Cu kaq-l-Øn¬ \S-Øn-b-Xmbn \ΩpsS Sn.-hn.-hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ ]d-bp-∂ n√. kaq-l-Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb hf¿®-bn¬ kv{XoI-fpsS ]¶v \ΩpsS am[-y-a-ß -fn-eqsS a\- n28

em-°m≥ Ign-bn√ F∂ -XmWv bmYm¿∞ -yw. tIc-fsØ apt∂ m´p \bn-°p-∂ -Xnepw BtKm-f-h¬°-cWhpw ]pØ≥ kmº-ØnI \b-ß fpw krjvSn-°p∂ {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fn¬ i‡-amb sNdp-Øp-\n¬]v Db¿Øp-∂ -Xnepw kv{XoIƒ hln-°p∂ ]¶v sNdp-X-√. (D-Zm; Ab¬°q-´w, IpSpw-_-{io, ka-X) am{Xa-√, CS-Xp-]£ P\m-[n-]-Xy ap∂ Wn k¿°m-cns‚ `c-W-Im-eØp XpS-ß n-sh® P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW ]≤-Xn-bpsS \S-Øn-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏´v ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\p kv{XoIƒ {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂ p. ]©m-bØo-cmPv \nb-a-Øn-eqsS 33 iX-am\w kwh-cWw {XnXe ]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ kv{XoIƒ°mbn \S-∏m-°nb-tXmsS cmjv{Sob ˛ kmaq-ly taJ-e-I-fn¬ hnπ-h-I-c-amb am‰-am-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. {]mK-¤-y-tØmsS ]©m-b-Øp-`-cWw Imc-y-£-a-ambn apt∂ m-´p-sIm-≠p-t]mb F{Xtbm kv{XoIp-≠v. CØ-c-Øn¬ kv{Xo apt∂ -‰-Øns‚ taJ-e-bn¬ h≥ IpXn-®p-Nm´w C°-gn™ 5˛10 h¿j-ß -fn¬ D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. adp-h-iØv CØcw apt∂ -‰-ß fpw \S-°p-∂ p≠v F∂ Xv ImWm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. IqSp-X¬ kv{XoIƒ ASp-°f hn´ndß n kaq-l-Øns‚ D¬]m-Z\ {]{In-b-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ XpS-ß n-b-tXmsS ASn-®-a¿Ø-ep-Ifpw cq£am-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ p. F∂ m¬ CØcw kmaq-ly am‰-ß ƒ Sn.-hn.-hm¿Ø-Iƒ°v km[m-cW \ne-bn¬ hnj-b-am-hp-∂ n-√. kmaq-ly bmYm¿∞ yw {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂ -Xn¬ Sn.-hn.-]-cm-P-b-am-sW∂ p hy-‡-am°p-∂ -XmWv CØcw DZm-l-c-W-ß ƒ. ]m¿i-z-h¬°-cn-°-s∏´ hn`m-K-ß sf apt∂ m´p \bn-°p-∂ -Xn¬ Nme-I-i‡n BIp-∂ n-s√∂ p am{X-a-√, Ah-cpsS bYm¿∞ ]Zhn hy-‡-am-°p-∂ -Xn\pw sSen-hn-j\p Ign-bp-∂ n√ F∂ p kmcw. hm¿Øm-[n-jvTnX ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ : aq∂ {][m\ ae-bmfw Nm\-e-Ifpw hm¿Øm-[n-jvTnX ]cn]m-Sn-Iƒ°v {]tX-yI ka-bhpw ÿ m\hpw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. CXn¬ kv{XoI-fpsS {]iv\-ß ƒ°p am{Xam-bp≈ ssIc-fn-bnse s]¨a-e-bm-fhpw Gj-ym-s\-‰nse AI-Ø-fhpw {it≤-b-am-Wv. CXn\p ]pdsa a‰p Nne ]w‡n-I-fn¬ A]q¿h-ambn kv{XoI-fpsS {]iv\ß ƒ IS∂ p hcm-dp-s≠∂ p am{Xw. Cu ]w‡n-Iƒ Xmc-X-ta-y\ sa®-s∏´ coXn-bn¬ Xs∂ -bmWv enwK-k-a-X-z-Øns‚ {]iv\-ß ƒ ssIIm-cyw sNøp-∂ Xpw A]-{K-Yn-°p-∂ -Xpw. ]s£ Ch-bv°mbn am‰n-sh-®n-cn-°p∂ kabw t{]£-I¿ Sn.-hn.-ImWp∂ ka-b-a√ F∂ -XmWv Zp:-J-I-c-amb kX-yw. ss{]wssSw AYhm G-‰hpw IqSp-X¬ t]¿ Sn.-hn.°p ap∂ n¬ Ccn-°p∂ kabw As√-¶n¬°qSn Iptd-°qSn sa®-s∏´ kabw CØcw ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°mbn am‰n-sh-t°≠XmWv. s]¨a-e-bm-fhpw AI-Ø-fhpw Hgn-®p≈ hm¿Øm-[n-jvTnX ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ kv{XoIfpsS Zb-\o-b-amb apJw am{X-am-Wv ]e-t∏mgpw ImWm≥ Ign-bp-I. IÆ m-Sn, AWn-b-d, ka-Im-enIw XpS-ß nb ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ kv{XoXz-Øns‚ Nn{X-ß ƒ \mS-Io-b-ambn Xs∂ Ah-Xcn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v P\-{i≤ ]nSn®p ]‰m-dp-s≠-∂ Xv bmYm¿∞ -y-am-Wv.

hnt\mZ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ kv{XobpsS AZr-i-y-X-bmWv {]iv\-sa-¶n¬ hnt\mZ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ Aan-X-amb Zri-y-X-bmWv ]T-\-hn-j-b-am-t°-≠-Xv. C∂ v ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS kmwkvIm-cnI {]h¿Ø\w {][m-\-ambpw ]c-º-c-Iƒ ImWp-∂ -Xn¬ HXpß n \n¬°p∂ ÿ nXn-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. sshIo´v 7.30 apX¬ 10.30 hsc Nm\ep-I-fn¬ XpS¿®-bmbn hcp∂ ]c-º-c-Iƒ IqSp-Xepw kv{XoI-fmb t{]£-Isc Dt±-in-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. ""10 aWn hsc Ic-bp-Ibpw AXn-\p-tijw t{]X-ambn h∂ v t]Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \mbn-I'"-am¿ \ΩpsS Sn.-hn.-ssI-ø-S-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂ p. ]c-º-c-I-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ t]mepw ]q¿W-ambpw kvss{XW-h¬°cn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn-{X-Ønse Xs∂ {]tX-yI {]Xn-`m-k-am-bmWv Gj-ym-s\-‰nse "kv{Xo' ]c-º-csb IW-°m-t°-≠-Xv. kv{Xo F√m A¿∞ -Ønepw "kv{Xo' hncp-≤-amsW∂ p \mw ÿ m]n-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ F¥ p-sIm-≠n-{X-tbsd P\-{]nb ]c-º-c-bmbn CXv amdn F∂ Xv Kuc-h-amb ]T\w A¿ln-°p∂ tNmZ-y-am-Wv. k¿hw-k-lbpw £am-io-ebpw hn\-bm-\-zn-X-bp-amb \mbnI am{X-a√ CXn\p Imc-Ww, ]®-bmb Po-hn-X-Øns‚ NqSpw Nqcpw C√m-sX, Iem-cq]w F∂ \ne-bn¬ bmsXmcp kuµ-c-ym-fl-I-Xbpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\n-√msX ae-bmfn kaqlw Cu ]c-º-c-bpsS ASn-a-I-fmbn amdn-sb∂ hkvXpX \n m-c-ambn X≈m≥ Ign-bn-√. kmwkvIm-cnI Ah-t_m-[-Øn¬ Gsd ap∂ n-em-sW∂ v A`n-am-\n-°p∂ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ h¿K,-h¿W, enwK-t`-Z-an-√m-sX-bmWv "kv{Xo' BkzZn-®n-cp-∂ -Xv. Cu ]c-º-c-tbmsS {]tX-y-I-Xcw "Sn.-hn.-A-`n-cp-Nn' krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ p. ]c-ºc \∂ m-I-W-sa-¶n¬ "kv{Xo"-bnse Iq´p-Iƒ A\n-hm-c-y-am-sW∂ p h∂ p. F{X Zp:Jw A\p-`-hn-°p-tºmgpw AXoh {i≤-tbmsS at\m-l-c-ambn AWn-s™m-cp-ß p∂ \mbn-I-am¿ C∂ sØ D]-t`mK kwkvIm-c29

Øn\v A\p-tbm-P-y-cm-Wv. {]ta-b-ß ƒ F√mwXs∂ IpSpw-_-ssi-Yn-e-y-ß sf tI{µo-I-cn-®p-≈Xpw kv{Xo hncp-≤-hp-am-Wv. ]e ]c-º-c-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w kam-\-X-I-fp-≈-Xm-sW∂ Xpw {i≤nt°-≠-Xm-Wv. Ch-bnse kv{Xo IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ ]pcp-jm-[n-]-X-y-a√ kwln-X-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-cm-bn-cn-°p∂ -hcm-Wv. Dds° kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw A`n-{]m-b-ß ƒ i‡n-bmbn ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂ -h¿ ZpjvS IYm-]m-{X-ß -fm-Wv. Ic-™p-sIm-s≠√mw kln-°p-∂ -hcpw £an-°p-∂ -hcpw \√-h-cpw BWv. CXmWv ]c-º-c-I-fpsS Hcp s]mXp-k-z-`m-hw, sXmgn-en-S-ß -fnse kv{XoI-fpsS PohnXw t]mepw ss]¶n-fn-h¬°cn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂ -Xv. IpSpw-_n\n AYhm ho´Ω F∂ tdmƒ ]e `mh-Ønepw coXn-bnepw Xncn®pw adn-®pw ImWn-°p-∂ -X-√msX kmaq-l-y-{]-{In-b-bn¬ Ch¿°v ]¶m-fn-Ø-ap-≈-Xmbn ]c-º-c-I-fn-eqsS ImWm\m-hn-√. hnhm-l-_m-ly _‘-ß -fn-em-Is´ "`m-c-y' ZpjvSbpw ImapIn \n -lm-b-bmb \√-h-fp-am-sW∂ -XWv hnNn-{Xw. hfsc A]-I-S-I-c-amb aqe-y-ß fpw [mc-W-Ifpw hnZ-Kv[-ambn kaql t_m[-Ønte°v FØn-°p∂ Cu ]c-º-c-Iƒ°v ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb H∂ pw-Xs∂ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\n-√. Aan-Xamb A«o-ehpw A{I-ahpw Cs√-∂ -Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw kmwkvIm-cnI t_m[-Øn¬ hnjw Ie¿Øp-∂ Xn¬ Chbv°v ]¶n-s√∂ p ]d-bm-\m-hn-√. ]c-º-c-Isf am{Xw {]Xn-ÿ m-\Øp \n¿Øp-∂ -Xn¬ A¿Y-an-√. Hcp ]s£, G‰hpw A]-I-S-Imcn-Iƒ lmk-y-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fmWv. GXp Nm\-enepw G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ P\-ß sf BI¿jn-°p-∂ Xv lmky]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fm-Wv. lmk-y-am-bm¬ F¥ pw ]d-bm-\p≈ ssek≥kp-s≠-∂ mWv Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS ]n∂ Wn {]h¿Ø-I-cpsS [mc-W. A«oe kw`m-j-W-ß fpw BwK-y-ß fpw ae-bm-fnsb t\m°n sIm™\w IpØp-∂ p. kv{XoI-sfbpw Zfn-X-scbpw hnI-emw-K-tcbpw \yq-\-]-£-ß -sfbpw A]-am-\n-°p∂ -Xn¬ lmk-y-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ap∂ n-´p-\n¬°p-∂ p. ]c-k-y-ß ƒ sSen-hn-j-\n¬ Hcp ]s£, ]cn-]m-Sn-I-tf-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ kabw A]-l-cn-°p-∂ Xv ]c-k-y-ß -fmWv. ]c-ky Iº-\n-I-fpsS Xm¬]-c-y-Øn¬ \n∂ pw hn´p-\n¬°p∂ Sn.-hn.-{]-h¿Ø\w C∂ p tIc-f-Øn¬ C√. ]c-k-y-ß -fn¬ \n∂ p≈ hcp-am-\sØ B{i-bn®p \n¬°p∂ Nm\-ep-Iƒ°v Ah-cpsS ta¬ bmsXmcp \nb-{¥ -Whpw km[-y-a-√. hy-h-km-b-ß -fm-Is´ ]c-k-y-ß -fn-eqsS kv{Xo ico-csØ NqjWw sNbvXp-sIm-≠mWv Ah-cpsS D¬]-∂ -ß ƒ hn‰-gn-°p-∂ -Xv. ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS ASn-h-kv{X-ß -fpsS PpKp]vkm-h-l-amb Nn{X-ß ƒ(-]-c-k-y-ß ƒ) \ΩpsS {]apJ Nm\-ep-I-fnse hm¿Ø-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Hcp L´Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. Hcp ]pcpj≥ hkv{Xw amdp-∂ Xv Hfn™p \n∂ p t\m°p∂ bph-Xn-Iƒ, Abmƒ ]pdØp hcp-tºmƒ Ifn-bm-°p-∂ -XmWv ]c-k-y-Øns‚ {]ta-bw. A¬] hkv{X-[m-cn-I-fmb bph-Xn-IfpsS BwK-y-ß fpw Ne-\-ß fpw kv{Xo kaq-lsØ BsI Ah-tl-fn-°p-∂ -Xm-Wv. kv{Xosb hkvXph¬°-cn-®p-sIm≠v tImSn-°-W-°n\v cq]-bpsS D¬]-∂ -ß ƒ hn‰-gn-°-s∏-Sp∂ p. CXp-hsc enwK-k-a-XzØns‚ Imc-y-Øn¬ tIcfw t\Sn-sb-SpØ t\´-ß -fmWv C√m-Xm-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ -Xv. hmjnwKv sajo≥ e`n-°p-∂ -tXmsS kz-X-{¥ -bm-Ip∂ kv{Xotbbpw kvt\l-ap≈ `¿Ømhv {]tX-yI {_m‚ v {]j¿Ip-°¿ hmß n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂ -tXmsS kwXr-]vX-bm-Ip∂ `mc-y-tbbpw \mw ]c-k-y-ß -fn¬ [mcmfw ImWm-dp-≠v. Cubn-sS-bmbn ae-bmfw Nm\-ep-I-fn¬ B`-c-W-°-S-Iƒ \nd™p \n¬°p-∂ p. Intem-°-W-°n\v kz¿Æ w [cn®p \n¬°p∂ bph-Xn-Iƒ ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS kwkvIm-c-sØ-Øs∂ tNmZyw sNøp-∂ p. BIm-iØp \n∂ pw s]bvXn-d-ß p∂ B`-c-W-ß ƒ ssIsb-Øn-∏n-Sn-°p∂ s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ BWv ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbpsS amXr-I. kmº-ØnI {]Xn-k‘n aqew \´w Xncn-bp∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ hnhml [q¿Øv \mƒ°p\mƒ IqSn-h-cp-∂ -Xn\p ]n∂ n¬ Cu B`-cW tem_n-bm-sW∂ p hy-‡w. Intem-°-W-°n\v kz¿Æ w tZlw apgp-h≥ AWn™p \n¬°p∂ \ΩpsS \h h[p-°ƒ°v {]tNm-Z\w ]c-k-y-ß -fm-sW-∂ -Xn\v X¿°-an-√. am[-y-a-ß -fnse kv{XoIƒ sSen-hn-j\pw kv{Xobpw F∂ hnjbw N¿® sNøp-tºmƒ sSen-hn-j≥ ÿ m]-\-ß -fnse kv{XoIfpsS ]nd-hn-IqSn IW-°n-se-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. s]mXp-hn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ am[-ya {]h¿Ø-I-cmb kv{XoI-fpsS FÆ w a‰p kwÿ m-\-ß sf At]£n®v hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv. GI-tZiw Hcp iX-am\w t]mepw kv{XoI-fn-s√∂ v IW-°p-Iƒ hy-‡-am-°p30

∂ p. F∂ m¬ Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv am[-y-a-cw-K-ØmWv kv{XoI-fpsS km∂ n-≤yw Aev]-sa-¶n-ep-ap-≈-Xv. A®Sn am[-y-a-cw-KsØ ÿ nXn ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-Wv. hm¿Øm hn`m-K-Øn-te-Xn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ kv{XoIƒ a‰v taJ-e-I-fn¬ BsW-¶nepw s]mXp-hn¬ kv{Xo {]mXn-\n-[yw Ipd-hm-sW∂ p ]d-bm-\m-hn-√.

Cu FÆ -°q-Sp-X¬ AwKo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒØs∂ as‰mcp {]iv\w ImWm-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. kv{XoI-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ \n∂ mtWm D≠m-Ip-∂ -sX∂ v kwi-bn-t°≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂ p. kv{XoI-fpsS km∂ n-≤yw Nm\-ep-Iƒ°v "\n-dw' ]I-cp∂ H∂ m-bmWv IW-°m-°p-∂ -Xv. kv{XoIƒ Gsdbpw Ah-Xm-c- -I¿ BbmWv Sn.-hn. ÿ m]-\-ß -fn¬ tPmen sNøp-∂ -Xv. ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v angnhp e`n-°m≥ kv{XoIƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°Ww F∂ [mcW kv{Xo ico-csØ NqjWw sNøp-∂ -Xns‚ `mKw Xs∂ -bmWv kv{Xo ico-csØ Kuc-h-ap≈ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Kuc-h-tØmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ -h¿ Nm\-ep-I-fn¬ hfsc Npcp-°-am-Wv. As√-¶n¬ kv{Xo {]iv\-ß ƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ -Xn¬ am{X-ambn CXp Npcp-ß p-∂ p. ]e Kuc-h-ap≈ N¿®-I-fnepw kwhm-Z-ß -fnepw t]mepw s]mXp {]iv\-ß -sf-°p-dn®p kwkm-cn-°p-hm≥ ]pcpj t\Xm-°-fmWv hcp-∂ -Xv. kv{XoI-fp-ambn _‘-ap≈ {]iv\-ß ƒ°p am{Xta kv{Xo t\Xm-°sf hnfn-°m-dp-≈q. Ah-Xm-c-I¿ F∂ -Xn-\-∏p-dØv s{]mU-yq-k¿am-cm-tbm, Xocp-am\w FSp-°p∂ thZn-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂ -h-cmtbm D≈-h¿ hnc-en¬ FÆ m-hp-∂ -h¿ am{X-ta-bp-≈q. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ Nm\-ens‚ \b-]-c-amb Imc-y-ß -fn¬ kv{Xo ]£-amb CS-s]-S¬ \S-Øm-\p≈ Ah-kchpw Xosc Ipd-hm-sW∂ p ImWmw. hm¿Øm-hn-`m-K-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ kv{XoI-fpsS km∂ n-≤yw Xo¿®-bmbpw _p≈-‰n-\p-Iƒ°v hy-X-y-kvX-amb am\w ]cn-an-X-am-sb-¶nepw \¬Im≥ klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂ m¬ a‰p cwK-ß -fn¬ CØcw CS-s]-S¬ th≠{X \S-°p-∂ n-√. Sn.-hn.-Nm-\-ep-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ kv{XoI-fpsS kpc-£n-X-Xzw kw_-‘n®pw Bim-h-l-amb hnh-c-ß -f√ e`n-°p-∂ -Xv. cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw jn^v‰-\p-k-cn®p tPmen sNtø≠n hcp-∂ Xp sIm≠pw kv{XoIƒ FÆ -Øn¬ Ipd-hm-b-Xp-sIm≠pw ssewKnI ]oU\w hsc \S-°p-∂ -Xmbn Btcm-]Ww Db¿∂ n-´p-≠v. ssIc-fn-bn¬ am{X-amWv ssewKnI ]oU\ hncp≤ kanXn cq]o-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. am{X-a√, ]ecpw Xm¬°m-enI Poh-\-°m¿ (A-h-Xm-c-Iƒ Dƒs∏sS) Bb-Xp-sIm≠v ]e \nb-a-ß fpw Ch¿°v XpW-bm-Ip-∂ p-an-√. Iym-ad Akn-Âp-am¿ apX¬ s{]mU-yp-k¿h-sc-bp≈ hen-sbmcp kwL-Øn-s\m∏w {]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ kv{Xo F∂ ]cn-K-W-\tbm kwc-£-Wtam e`n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂ Xv Ah-cpsS Bflhn-i-zmkw Xf¿Øm≥ CS-bm-°p-∂ -Xmbn ]ecpw kz-Im-cy kw`m-j-W-ß fn¬ ]d-bm-dp-≠v. 31

]cn-lmc \n¿t±-i-ß ƒ kaq-lsØ G‰hpw A[nIw kzm-[o-\n-°p∂ am[-yaw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Sn.-hn.-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v kmaq-ly \nb-{¥ Ww G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ -Xn\v kwhn-[m\w D≠m-IWw. AXn-th-K-Øn¬ t{]£-I\p ap∂ n-eqsS IS-∂ p-t]m-Ip∂ Zri-y-ß ƒ A∏msS a\p-j-y-a-kvXn-jv°-Øn¬ FØp-Ibpw Ah Bi-b-ß fmbn cq]s∏Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂ p. Zri-y-am-[-y-a-ß -fpsS Cu kz-`m-h-hn-ti-j-X-bmWv CXns‚ i‡nbpw Zu¿_-e-y-hpw. Cu khn-ti-jX kaq-l-Øns‚ s]mXp-t_m-[-Øn¬ KpW-]-c-amb am‰w hcp-Øp∂ Xn\v {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Bh-i-yw. AX-ym-[p-\nI imkv{X kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy D]tbm-Kn-°p∂ sSen-hn-js\ \ap°v am‰n \n¿Øm≥ Ign-bn-√. Xmc-X-ta-y\ Ipd™ sNe-hn¬ hnt\mZhpw hn⁄m-\hpw \ΩpsS kzo-I-cW apdn-bn¬ FØn-°p∂ sSen-hn-j≥ Nm\-ep-Iƒ°v enwK-k-a-X-zØn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-sbmcp ImgvN-∏mSv D≠m-°p∂ -Xn\v kv{Xo {]ÿ m-\-ß ƒ {ian-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. F√m am[-y-a-ß ƒ°pw CXv Bh-i-y-am-sW-¶nepw Sn.-hn.°v {]tX-y-In®pw CØ-c-samcp CS-s]-S¬ AX-ym-h-i-yam-Wv. ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb kv{Xo k¶ev]w kaq-l-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ -Xn\v Sn.-hn.sb {]tbm-P-\-s∏Sp-Øm≥ Ign-b-Ww. CXv s]s´-∂ v Hcp kp{]`m-X-Øn¬ Ign™p F∂ p hcn-√. F¶nepw \nc-¥ -c-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ß -fn-eqsS hen-sbm-c-fhp hsc CXv km[n-°pw. CXn\v H∂ m-a-Xmbn sNtø-≠Xv hnth-N\ _p≤n-tbmsS Sn.-hn.-Im-Wm≥ ]Tn-°pI F∂ -Xm-Wv. Bh-i-y-amb t_m[-h¬°-c-W-Øn-eqsS t{]£Isc ImgvN-Iƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS ImWm≥ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-I. Nn¥ n-°m≥ Ah-kcw XcmsX kz¥ w akvXnjvIsØ ab-°n-°n-S-Øp∂ ImgvN-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Xncn-®-dn-hp-Iƒ t_m[-]q¿h-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ØneqsS \¬Im≥ km[n-°pw. c≠m-a-Xmbn, Sn.-hn.-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-ambn kv{Xo {]ÿ m-\-ß ƒ \nc-¥ -c-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \SØn-s°m-≠n-cn-°-Ww. CXp-hgn Sn.-hn.-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-ambn ÿ nc-amb Bib kwth-Z-\-Øn\v thZn-Iƒ D≠m-°m≥ Ign-bpw. aq∂ m-a-Xm-bn, Sn.-hn.-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ kwhn-[m-\-ß ƒ D≠m-°Ww. Sn.-hn.-bnse kv{Xo hncp-≤-amb LS-I-ß ƒs°-Xnsc ]cmXn sImSp-°p-∂ -Xn\pw \ne-hn-ep≈ \nba-ß ƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v A[n-Ir-X-sc-s°m≠v \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-∏n-°p-∂ -Xn\pw Ign-b-Ww. Cu aoUnbm tamWn‰-dnwKv {Kq∏n\v Ime-{I-taW A[n-Imc Ah-Im-i-ß ƒ e`-y-am-°p-∂ -Xn\pw Ign-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. CØ-c-Øn¬ \nc-¥ -c-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ Cu taJ-e-bn¬ \S∂ m¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ ]pØ≥ am[-ya kwkvImcw cq]-s∏-´p-h-cm≥ henb Ime-Xm-akw D≠m-hn-√. kv{Xo apt∂ -‰-Øn\v G‰hpw henb {]Xn-_‘w krjvSn-°p-∂ Xv am[-y-a-ß -fm-Wv. CXn-s\-Xn-cmb sNdp-Øp-\n¬]v F∂ Xv kv{Xo {]ÿ m\-ß -fpsS AP-≠-bn¬ H∂ mw ÿ m\Øv htc-≠-Xm-Wv.

32

kv{Xo {]Xn-—mb : A∂ v.....-C∂ v C¥ -y-bpsS {]Ya {][m-\-a{¥ n Ph-l¿em¬ s\{lp ]d-™n-´p-≠v. "\n-ß -sfmcp P\-Xsb D≤-cn-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p-s∂ -¶n¬, BZyw Ahn-SpsØ kv{XoIsf D≤-cn-°pI. kv{Xo \∂ m-bm¬ IpSpw_w \∂ m-bn. IpSpw_w \∂ m-bm¬ kaqlw \∂ m-bn. \mSp \∂ m-bn, cmjv{S ]p\¿\n¿Ωm-W-Øn¬ CXm-bn-cn-°s´ \nß -fpsS e£-yw' {]ikvX {^©p kmln-X-y-Im-c-\mb hnIvS¿ lyq-tKm(1802-˛1885) Fgp-Xn. "\n-ß -fpsS kwkvIm-c-sØ-∏‰n Rß -tfmSv {]kw-Kn-t°-≠. \nß -fpsS \m´nse kv{XoI-sfbpw Ip™p-ß -sfbpw BZn-hm-kn-I-sfbpw Rß ƒ°v ImWn®p Xcn-I. Ah-tcmSv \nß ƒ Fß s\ s]cpam-dp∂ p F∂ p-I≠v \nß -fpsS kwkvIm-c-sØ-∏‰n Rm≥ hne-bn-cp-Ømw.' kv{XoIƒ°v BZ-c-Wo-b-amb ÿ m\w \¬In-s°m≠v D]-\n-j-Øn¬ Ipdn-®n-´p≈ hcn-Iƒ t\m°pI. "b{X \mc-ykvXp ]qP-yt¥ cmat¥

X{X tZh-Xm:

bss{X-ZmkvXp \ ]qP-yt¥ k¿∆ kvX{Xm ^em:-{In-b' (kv{Xo Fhn-sS-bmtWm am\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂ Xv AhnsS tZh-X-Iƒ kt¥ m-j-tØmsS hkn-°p-∂ p. kv{Xo FhnsS am\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂ n-√-tbm, AhnsS \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂ -sX√mw \njv^e - -am-Ip-∂ p.) kv{XoI-fpsS C∂ sØ Ah-ÿ -sb-∏‰n C\n Nn¥ n-°mw. C∂ v Hmtcm Bdp an\n-´nepw Hcp kv{Xo _em-’ wKw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂ p. Hmtcm 44 an\n-´nepw Hcp kv{Xo `¿Øm-hn-\mtem _‘p-°-fmtem a¿±n-°-s∏-Sp-∂ p. Hmtcm H∂ -c-a-Wn-°q-dnepw kv{Xo[-\-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Hcp kv{Xo sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂ p. BtKm-f-h-ym-]-I-ambn \S∂ hy-X-ykvX ]T-\-dn-t∏m¿´p-I-f-\p-k-cn-®v, hnI-knX cmP-y-ß -fn¬ aq∂ pi-X-am\w kv{XoIƒ IpSpw-_-ß -fn¬ A{I-a-Øn-\n-c-bm-Ip-tºmƒ, C¥ -y-bn-eXv 30 iX-am-\-am-Wv. ss{Iw sdt°mUvkv _yq-tdm-bpsS IW-°-\p-k-cn®v 1983-˛93 Ime-b-f-hn¬ GI-tZiw 2200 kv{Xo ]oU\ tIkp-I-fmWv cPn-ÿ sNø-s∏-´-Xv. 2002 Bb-t∏mƒ tIkp-I-fpsS FÆ w GXm≠v \men-c-´nbm-bn-˛7298 tIkp-Iƒ. 2002 ¬ `¿Øm-hns‚ {Iqc-Iƒs°-Xnsc IpSpw-_-tIm-S-Xn-bn¬ 2705 tIkp-Iƒ h∂ -t∏mƒ, 2003 ¬ AXv 3400 Hmf-am-bn. tIc-f-Øn¬ Hcp Znhkw 14 kv{Xo ]oU-\-t°- p-Iƒ cPn-ÿ sNø-s∏-Sp-∂ p. AXm-bXv, {]Xnh¿jw 5110 FÆ w. tIc-f-Ønse 22.7 iX-am\w kv{XoIƒ hnhn-[-Xcw AXn-{I-a-ß ƒ°v Cc-bm-Ip-∂ -Xmbn tIc-fh-\nXm IΩo-j≥ 2003 ¬ \S-Ønb ]T\w ]d-bp-∂ p. AXn-{I-a-ß ƒs°-Xnsc ]cmXn \¬Ip-∂ -h¿ 10.3 iX-am\w am{X-am-Wv.

s]¨{`qWlXy P\n-°pw-aptº h[n-°-s∏-Sm≥ hn[n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv C¥ -y-bn¬ s]¨Ip-™p-ß ƒ. tIcf-Øn¬ {]Xn-h¿jw 50000 s]¨{`q-W-l-Xy \S-°p-∂ p-s≠-∂ mWv dnt∏m¿´v. sFI-y-cmjv{Sk`-bpsS t]m∏p-te-j≥ ^≠ns‚ ]T-\-a-\p-k-cn®v Bdp-h-b- p-h-sc-bp≈ Ip´n-IfpsS B¨-˛-s]¨ A\p-]m-X-Øn¬ Ign™ ]Øp-h¿j-Øn-\p-≈n¬ `oXn-Z-amb CSn-hm-Wp-≠m-bn-cn°p-∂ -Xv. 1991 ¬ 1000 B¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°v 945 s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-s∂ -¶n¬ 2001 ¬ AXv 927 Bbn Ipd-™p. 33

Btfm-lcn hcp-am-\-Øn¬ cmP-yØv apº-\mb U¬ln-bn¬ B¨ s]¨ A\p-]mXw 900 ¬ Xmsg-bm-Wv. Xe-ÿ m\w ÿ nXn sNøp∂ sX°p ]Sn-™m-d≥ {]tZ-iØv 1000 B¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°v 845 s]¨Ip´n-Iƒ am{X-am-Wp-≈-Xv. apwss_-bn-eXv 898 BWv. ]©m-_nse Hcp Pn√-bnepw 850 s]¨Ip´n-I-fn¬ A[n-I-an-√. tIc-f-Øn¬ B¨-˛-s]¨ A\p-]mXw G‰hpw Ipdhv Xriq¿ Pn√-bn-em-Wv. 948. G‰hpw IqSpX¬ Imk¿tKmUv Pn√-bnepw 984. tIc-f-Ønse anI® kv{Xo ]pcpj A\p-]mXw Hcp ImeØv sIm´ntLm-jn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂ p-sh-¶n¬, kwÿ m-\Øv Bi-¶m-P-\-I-amw-hn[w Ct∏mƒ s]¨ A\p-]mXw Xmgv∂ pt]m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ p. K¿`-[m-c-W-Øn-\p-ti-jhpw inip-]n-d-hn°p apºp-ap≈ enwK-\n¿Æ -b-\n-tcm-[\ \nbaw 2003 ¬ {]m_-e-y-Øn¬ hs∂ -¶nepw, AXv I¿i-\-ambn \S-∏n-em-°msX "I-S-em-kp-]p-en"-bmbn \ne-\n¬°p-

∂ p. enwK \n¿Wb ]cn-tim-[\ \S-Øp∂ 21000 Øntesd Aƒ{Sm-ku≠v sk‚-dp-Iƒ C¥ -y-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂ p-≠v. hntcm-[m-`m-k-sa∂ p ]d-b-s´. Hcp kv{Xo \mSp `cn-°p∂ _olm-dn¬ 163200 s]¨{`q-W-l-X-y-I-fmWv 2002 ¬ \S-∂ -Xv!

kv{Xo hnth-N\w temI-Ønse A≤-zm-\-Øns‚ aq∂ n¬ c≠p-`mKw \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂ Xv kv{XoI-fmWv. hcp-am-\-Øns‚ ]Øn-sem-∂ p-am-{X-amWv kv{XoIƒ°v e`n-°p-∂ -Xv.

F∂ m¬

temIsØ \nc-£-c-cn¬ aq∂ n¬ c≠pw kv{XoI-fm-Wv. temIØv G-‰hpw IqSp-X¬ amXr-a-cWw \S-°p∂ cmP-y-amWv C¥ -y. temIsØ 20 iX-am\w amXr-a-c-W-ß fpw Chn-sS-bm-Wv. temI-k-`-bn¬ Bdp iX-am-\hpw \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ \mep iX-am-\-hp-amWv Ign™ Ac-\q-‰m≠mbn kv{XoI-fpsS {]mXn-\n-[-yw. tIcf \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ 141 ¬ 8 kv{XoIfpw temI-k-`-bn¬ 20 ¬ Hcp kv{Xobp-am-Wp-≈-Xv. `c-W-L-S-\-bnse 73 Dw 74 Dw t`Z-K-Xn-bn-eqsS 33 iX-am\w ko‰p-Iƒ, tªm°v, Pn√m-X-e-ß -fn¬ 34

kv{XoIƒ°mbn kwh-cWw sNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶n-epw, ]m¿esa‚nepw kwÿ m\ Akw-ªn-I-fnepw kv{Xo {]mXn-\n[yw 33 iX-am-\-am°n Db¿Øp∂ 84˛m-aXp `c-W-L-S\ t`Z-KXn _n¬ ISpØ FXn¿∏p-aqew Dt]-£n-t°-≠Xmbn h∂ p. lnµp-h-y‡n \nb-a-{]-Imcw ]mc-º-c-y-am-bp≈ Iq´p-Ip-Spw-_-Ønse kz-Øn-\-h-Im-in-Iƒ IpSpw-_-Ønse ]pcpj AwK-ß ƒ am{X-am-Wv. 1956 se lnµp ]n≥XpS¿®m-h-Imi \nb-a-{]-Im-chpw C¥ -y≥ kv{Xobv°v IpSpw_-k-z-Øn-\-hm-I-i-an-√. tIcfw, B{‘, Xan-gv\m-Sv, almcmjv{S F∂ o kwÿ m-\-ß -fn¬ am{X-amWv kv{XoI-sf°qSn Ah-Im-in-I-fm-°m≥ X°-hn[w t`Z-KXn hcp-Ønbn-´p-≈-Xv. 1956 se \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v Xma-kn-°p∂ hoSv `mKw hbv°m≥ kv{Xo Ah-Im-in-Iƒ°v ]pcpj AhIm-in-Iƒ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂ n-S-tØmfw Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-bncn-°n-s√∂ v hy-‡-am-bn-cn-°p-∂ p. 1986 ¬ kp{]ow tImSXn tacn tdmbn tIkn-eqsS Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ {InkvX-y≥ \nbaw Akm-[p-hm-°n-b-tXmsS-bm-Wv, {InkvX-y≥ kv{XoIƒ°v ]nXm-hns‚ kz-Ønep≈ Ah-Imiw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv. bqtdm-∏nse G‰hpw anI® bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bmb tIw{_nUvPv k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bpsS 800 h¿sØ Ncn-{XØn¬ BZ-y-ambn 2003 ¬ Hcp h\nX sshkv Nm≥kedm-bn. \c-hw-i-im-kv{X-⁄-bmb Aen-k¨ dn®m¿Uv BWv 2003 HIvtSm-_¿ 1 \v 344-˛m-asØ sshkv Nm≥ke-dmbn \nb-an-X-bm-b-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse Hcp k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bnepw h\nXm sshkv Nm≥kn-e¿amsc \nb-an-®n-´n-√. sshkv Nm≥ke¿, t{]m˛-sshkv Nm≥k-e¿, cPn-kv{Sm¿, ^n\m≥kv Hm^o-k¿, I¨t{Sm-f¿ Hm^v FIvkm-an-t\-j≥kv F∂ n-ß s\ A©v {][m\ ÿ m\-ß -fn-ep-≈-h-cmWv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bpsS `cWw \nb-{¥ n°p-∂ -Xv. tUm. hn.-F¬.-jm¿se‰v almflm-Km‘n k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bnse t{]m sshkv Nm≥k-e¿ Bbn-cp-∂ -sXm-gn®m¬ tIc-f-Ønse Ggp k¿∆-I-emim-e-I-fnepw IqSn-bp≈ Cu 35 ÿ m\ß -fn¬ H∂ n¬t]mepw CXp-hsc h\nX-Isf \nb-an-®n-´n-√m-sb-∂ Xv e÷mI-c-at√ ? Pohn-X-Øns‚ ka-kvX- ta-J-e -Ifnepw kwÿ m-\-Øn-\-IØpw AJn-te¥ -ym-e-Ønepw {]mK-¤yw sXfn-bn® H´-\-h[n al-Xn-Iƒ°v P∑w \¬Inb kwÿ m-\-amWv tIc-fw. C¥ -y-bnse BZ- y sØ h\nXm sslt°m- S Xn 35

PUvPn tIcf sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ tkh-\-a\p-jvTn® PÃnkv A∂ m Nm≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂ p. kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bnse BZ-ysØ h\nXm PUvPnbpw ae-bm-fn-bmb PÃnkv ^mØna _ohn-bm-bn-cp-∂ p. Acp-‘Xn tdmbn apX¬ ARvPp t_m_n tPm¿÷v hsc hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn¬ BtKmf {i≤ ]nSn®p ]‰nb ae-b mfn h\n- X - Iƒ D≈- t∏mƒ, kz¥ w \m´n¬ A¿l-X-bp≈ kv{XoIsf Ah-K-Wn°p-∂ Xv ]pcp-jm-[n-]-X-y-Øns‚ {]I-S-amb {]Xn-^-e-\-at√ ? tIc-f-tØ-°mƒ hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Ønepw kmaq-lnI ]Z-hn-bnepw kv{XoIƒ _lpImXw ]n∂ n¬ \n¬°p∂ a‰p kwÿ m-\-ß -fn¬ h\nXm sshkv Nm≥kn-e¿amcpw h\nXm k¿∆-I-emim-e-I-fp-ap-≠v. kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI¿Øm-hmb al¿jn tIihv Im¿sh 1916 ¬ ]qs\-bn¬ ÿ m]n® C¥ -y≥ hnsa≥kv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bmWv cmP-ysØ BZ-ysØ h\nXm k¿∆-I-em-im-e. ]n∂ oSv apws_bn-te°v am‰n ÿ m]n® Cu bqWn-th-gvkn‰n {ioaXn \µo-`mbv Zmtam-Z¿ Xm°sd (SNDT) F∂ t]cn¬ {]i-kvX-am-Wv. 1935 ¬ cmP-ÿ m-\n¬ Bcw-`n® `\-ÿ en hnZ-ym-]o-T-amWv t]cp-tI´ as‰mcp h\nXm k¿∆-I-em-ime. SNDT k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bnse {ioaXn cq]m jmbv°p ]pdsa Zo\-Z-bm¬ D]m-[-ymb tKmc-Jv]q¿

bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n, Km‘n {Kmw dqd¬ C≥Ãn-‰-yq-´v, Cµnc Iem-kw-Ko-X-]mTw, c_o-{µ-`m-cXn bqWn-thgvkn‰n XpS-ß nb k¿∆-I-em-im-e-I-fn¬ Ct∏mƒ sshkv Nm≥k-e¿ ÿ m\w hln-°p-∂ Xv h\n-X-I-fmWv . tIc- f - Ønse ap≥ No^v sk{I-´dn ]fl-cm-a-N-{µ≥ Fw.-Fkv . - _ - t dmU bq Wn- t h- g vkn‰n sshkv Nm≥k-e-dmbn tkh\w A\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v. temI-k-`-bn¬ 544 AwK-ß fm-Wp-≈-Xv. Ch-cn¬ kv{XoI-fpsS FÆ w 44(8.8 iX-am-\w). cmPy-k`-bnse 245 AwK-ß -fn¬ h\n-X-IfpsS FÆ w 18 am{X-am-Wv. _n.-sP.-]n.-bpsS D∂ -Xm-[nImc kan-X n-bmb ]m¿e-sa‚dn t_m¿Un¬ 9 AwK-ß -fm-Wp-≈-Xv. AXn¬ Hcp kv{Xobv°p am{Xta {]mXn-\n-[-y-ap-≈q. 73 AwK-ß -fp≈ \mj-W¬ FIvkn-I-yq-´o-hn¬ h\nX-I-fpsS FÆ w 9. 19 AwK-ß -fp≈ tIm¨{K- ns‚ h¿°nwKv IΩn-‰n-bn¬ c≠v kv{XoI-tf-bp-≈q. 15 AwK-ß fp≈ kn.-]n.Fw t]mfn‰v _yq-tdm-bn¬ Hcp h\nX t]mep-an-√. 70 AwK-ß -fp≈ kn.-]n.-Fw. sk≥{S¬ IΩn-‰n-bn¬ A©v kv{XoIƒ am{Xw. kn.-]n.-sF.-bpsS 9 AwK-ß -fp≈ sk{I-´-dn-tb-‰n¬ kv{XoIƒ°v {]mXn-\n-[-y-an-√. C≥t^m-knkv ^ut≠-js‚ sNb¿t]-gvk¨ kp[m-aq¿Øn C¥ -y≥ C≥Ãn-‰-yq-´n¬ \n∂ pw Iº-yq-´¿ kb≥kn¬ _ncpZw t\SnbXn\p-tijw Sm‰m-bpsS F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hn`m-K-amb sS¬tIm-bn36

emWv BZyw tN¿∂ -Xv. sS¬tIm tPmen-°mbn At]£ £Wn-®t∏mƒ kv{XoIƒ At]-£n-t°-≠Xn-s√∂ v ImWn-®n-cp-∂ p. ]c-kyw hmbn® kp[m-aq¿Øn CØ-c-Ønep≈ kv{Xo hnth-N-\-Øn-s\-Xnsc Xs‚ {]Xntj[w Bdn- b n- ® psIm≠v t]mÃv Im¿Un¬ sP.-B¿.Un.-‰m-‰-bvs°-gp-Xn. sS¬tIm-bnse BZ- ysØ h\nXm sSIv \n- ° ¬ Hm^o-k-dmbn kp[sb \nb-an-®psIm≠v Xs‚ sX‰p Xncp- Ønb Sm‰m kv{XoIsf "A-_-e"-I-f-s√∂ p ap{Z-Ip-Øn Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂ -h¿°v A\p-I-c-Wob amXr-I-bmWv tPmhm≥ Hm^v B¿Iv, sle≥ sI√¿, amUw Iyq-dn, Cµn-cm-Km-‘n, am¿K-c‰v Xm®¿, tKm¿Um tab¿, kncn-amthm _µmc \mbn-sI, _oKw JmenZv Akn-b, N{µnIm Ipam-c-Xpw-K, aZ¿ sXtc-k, Inc¨ t_[n, ta[m-]-SvI¿, Acp-‘Xn tdmbn, I¬∏\m Nuf ˛ Ch-sc√mw kv{Xo A_-e-b√ "kp-_e"-bm-sW∂ v sXfn-bn-®-h-cm-Wv. kv{Xo[-\-]o-U\w 1961 ¬ {]m_-e-y-Øn¬ h∂ -XmWv kv{Xo[\ \ntcm-[-\n-b-aw, hnhmlw Ign™v Ggp-h¿j-Øn\p-≈n¬ Zpcq-l-km-l-N-c-y-Øn¬ kv{Xo acn-®m¬ `¿Øm-hn-s\bpw, A-bm-fpsS ho´p-Im-scbpw At\-z-jW-Øn\p tijw AdÃv sNøm≥ A[n-Imcw \¬Ip-∂ -Xm-bn-cp∂ p Cu \nb-aw, `mc-ysb Bfl-l-X-y-bnte°v \bn-s®∂ v sXfn-™m¬ `¿Øm-hn\pw ho´p-Im¿°pw aq∂ p-h¿jw hsc ITn-\-X-Shv \¬Im\pw CXn¬ hy-h-ÿ -bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. ]s£, \nb-a-kw-c-£-W-ap-≠m-bn´pw cmP-yØv kv{Xo[\ ac-W-ß ƒ s]cp-In. 1990 ¬ cmP-yØv kv{Xo[-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ 4836 Bbn-cp-∂ p. 1996 ¬ AXv 5250 Bbn h¿≤n-®p. tIc-f-Øn¬ 2000 ¬ 25 Dw 2001 ¬ 27 Dw 2002 ¬ 16 Dw t]cmWv kv{Xo[-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Zpcq-l-km-l-N-c-y-ß -fn¬ acn-®-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse F´p-Ip-Spw-_-tIm-S-XnI-fn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ hnhm-l-tam-l-N\ tIkp-I-fn¬, 24 iX-am-\hpw kv{Xo[\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv. kv{XoIƒ°v IqSp-X¬ kwc-£Ww \¬Im≥ 1984 ¬ C¥ -y≥ in£m-\n-ba-Øn¬ 498 F F∂ hIp∏p IqSn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn, {Iqc-ambn s]cp-am-dp∂ `¿Øm-hn-s\bpw ho´p-Im-scbpw AdÃv sNøn-°m-\p≈ A[n-Imcw kv{Xo°v \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. CXv Pma-y-an√m Ip‰-amWv. C{X I¿i-\-amb \nb-a-ß -fp-≠mbn´pw \ΩpsS cmP-yØv kv{Xo ]oU-\ß ƒ Znh-tk\ s]cp-Ip-I-bm-Wv. `oa- a mb kv { Xo[\w \¬tI- ≠ 37

tXm¿Øv Ak-z-ÿ -cm-bn-cn-°p∂ bph-Xn-Ifpw amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw F¥ p-sN-øWw ? \njm-i¿Ωsbbpw hnZ-y-sbbpw A\p-]-a-sbbpw ^¿km\-sbbpw amXr-I-bm-°p-I. 2003 sabv 11 \mbn-cp∂ p \njm-i¿ΩbpsS hnhm-lw. a\ojv Zemepambn \S-Øm≥ \n›- b n- ® n- c p- ∂ - X v . AXn- \ mbn {^nUv P v , hmjnwKv sajo≥, ayq-knIv knÃw, sSen-hn-j≥ F∂ nh cs≠Æ w hoXhpw Hcp amcpXn FÃow Imdpw kv{Xo[-\-ambn Ah¿ \¬In. Hcp sk‰v Ce-I v t {Sm- W nIv D]- I -c - W - ß ƒ a\o- jns‚ ktlm-Z-c-\p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂ p. CXn-s\√mw ]pdsa hnhm-l-Øn\v GXm\pw an\n-´p-Iƒ°v apºv 12 e£w cq] ]W-ambn \¬I-W-sa\v a\o-jns‚ AΩ Unam‚ v h®p. CX-dn™ \nj t]meo-kn\v t^m¨ sNbvXp. hnhm-lN- S - ß n¬ ]s¶- S p- ° m- s \- Ø nb c≠m- b n- c tØmfw t]sc km£n \n¿Øn t]meokv a\o-jn-s\bpw IpSpw-_-sØbpw AdÃv sNbvXp. hnhm-l-Øn\v aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°v apºmWv h\nXm t]meokv tÃj-\n¬ A`bw tXSnb hnZy IqSp-X¬ kv{Xo[\w tNmZn® {]Xn-{ip-X-h-c-s\bpw amXm-]nXm-°-sfbpw 2003 Pq¨ 4 \v Cc-º-gn-°p-≈n-em-°n-b-Xv. U¬ln-bn¬ tkm^v‰vsh-b¿ hnZ-ym¿∞ n-bmb \nj D]cn-h¿K IpSpw-_-Ønse AwK-am-sW-¶n¬, sNss∂ -bnse CSØcw IpSpw-_-Øn¬ P\n® hnZy Hcp kz-Im-cy Iº-\n-bnse Poh-\-°m-cn-bm-Wv. U¬ln-°m-cn-bmb A\p-]am knß v hnhmlw Ign™v \nan-j -ß ƒ°p- ≈n¬ IqSp-X¬ kv{ Xo[\w Bh-i -y -s ∏´ `¿Øm-hns\ ths≠∂ v sh®p. Nmµn\n Nu°n¬ Xma-kn°p∂ ^¿km\ km°nb F∂ ap…ow bph-Xn, hnhm-l-\n›-b-th-f-bn¬ Xs∂ Hcp hoSp IqSn tNmZn® hcs\ XnckvI-cn-®p. DØ¿{]-tZ-iv-˛-U¬ln AXn¿Øn-bn-ep≈ t\mbn-U-bnse Kp÷¿ kap-Zm-b-Øn-ep≈ 20000 IpSpw-_-ß ƒ 2003 Pq¨ H∂ n\v kv{Xo[\w kzo-I-cn-°p-Itbm \¬Ip-Itbm sNøp∂ IpSpw-_-ß sf kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ \n∂ pw _ln-jvI-cn-°m≥ Xocpam-\-sa-Sp-ØXv hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-Øn¬ CXc kwÿ m-\-ß ƒ°v amXr-I-bmbn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ tIc-f-Ønse A`-y-kvX-hn-Z-ysc e÷n-∏n-°p-∂ nt√?

ta¬ap≠v kacw kv{Xo hnth-N-\-Øn-s\-Xnsc tIc-f-Øn¬ \S∂ kv{Xo apt∂ -‰-ß -fn¬ G‰hpw {i≤n-bv°-s∏´Xv sX°≥ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ h¿j-ß -tfmfw \o≠p \n∂ Nm∂ m¿ Iem-](-ta¬ap≠v ka-cw) ambncp-∂ p. amdp-a-d-bv°m-\p≈ Nm∂ m¿(-\m-Sm¿) kv{XoI-fpsS Ah-Im-i-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp∂ p ka-cw. IogvPm-Xn-bn-ep≈ Cug-h-kv{Xo-Iƒ, ]peb kv{XoIƒ, AXn\pw Xmsg-bp≈ kv{XoIƒ F∂ nh¿°v ap´n\v Xmsg ap≠p-Sp-°mt\m amdp-a-d-bv°mt\m ]≠v Ah-Im-i-an-√m-bn-cp-∂ p. \mb¿ kv{Xobv°v apt´m-fhpw AXnepw Db¿∂ PmXn-bse kv{XoIƒ°v ap´n\p Xmsg hscbpw ap≠p-Sp-°m-sa-¶n¬, \ºp38

Xncn kv{XoIƒ°v IW-¶m¬ hsc \o´n ap≠p-Sp-°m\pw ]pd-tØ-bv°ndß ptºmƒ hkv{Xw sIm≠v Acbv°p-ta¬ ad-bv°p-hm\pw A\p-hm-Zap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. CXn-s\- X n- s c , Nm∂ m¿ kv{XoIƒ amdp-a-d®v s]mXp-\n-c-ØpI-fnepw N¥ -bnepw h∂ -t∏mƒ, \ºqXn- c n- a mcpw \mb≥am- cp- amb ]pcpj≥am¿ Ahsc B{I-an-®p. ]Icw ho´m-\mbn Nm∂ m¿ kv{XoIƒ \mb¿ kv{XoIsf A{I-an-®p. 1928 ¬ dh-\yq C≥kvs]-IvS¿ Cui-z-c≥ ]n≈-bpsS t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ Nm∂ m¿ Ip´n-Isf kvIqfn¬ \n∂ v ]pd-Øm-°p-Ibpw kv{XoI-fpsS Pm°‰v hen-®p-Io-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXns\ XpS¿∂ p-≠mb Iem]w ASn-®-a¿Øm≥ sIm√Øp \n∂ v ]´m-f-sa-Øn. kacw i‡-am-b-t∏mƒ, Xncp-h-\-¥ -]pcw Znhm≥ tIW¬ a¨tdm Nm∂ m¿ kv{XoIƒ°v Pm°‰v [cn-°m-sa-∂ pw, ta¬ap≠v [cn®p-Iq-sS∂ pw DØ-c-hn-´p. ]n∂ oSv 1829 Pqsse-bn-emWv F√m Nm∂ m¿ kv{XoIƒ°pw Pm°‰pw ta¬ap≠pw [cn-°m-\p≈ A\p-hmZw e`n-®Xv.

I√p-ame kacw hkv{X-[m-cWw t]mse B`-c-W-ß ƒ [cn-°p-∂ -Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw apSn sI´p∂ coXn-sb-°p-dn®pw kv{XoI-fpsS ta¬ kh¿Æ m-[n-Im-cim-k-\-Iƒ ]≠v {]_-e-am-bn-cp-∂ p. PmXn-h-y-h-ÿ -{]-Imcw IogvPm-Xn°m-cpsS B`-cWw IdpØ NcSpw I√p-am-e-bp-am-bn-cp-∂ p. s]m∂ -c™m-Ww, ]me-bv°m-tam-Xn-cw, \mK-]-S-Øm-en, ]∏-S-Øm-en, ]qØmen, Hgp-°≥h-f, ImXn-e, tXmS XpS-ß n-bh kh¿Æ kv{XoIƒ am{Xw [cn-°p∂ B`-c-W-ß -fm-bn-cp-∂ p. ]pe-b-kv{Xo-Iƒ I√p-sIm≠pw Ip∏n®n-√p-sIm-≠p-ap≈ `mc-ap≈ ame-Iƒ [cn-°-W-sa-∂ Xv I¿°-i-amb \nb-a-am-bn-cp-∂ p. CXn-s\-Xnsc 1905 ¬ Aø≥Im-fn-bpsS t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ sIm√Øp \S∂ {]Xn-tj[ ktΩf\-Øn¬ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v ]pe-b-kv{Xo-Iƒ ]s¶-Sp-Øp. ]s¶-SpØ kv{XoI-sf√mw Ah¿ Igp-Øn¬ [cn-®n-cp∂ I√p-am-e-Iƒ s]m´n-s®-dn-™p. Cu kw`-h-amWv "I-√p-ame ka-c"-sa∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ -Xv. 1924-˛25 ImeØv Cug-h-kv{Xo-I-fp-sSbpw IogvPm-Xn-°m-cp-sSbpw ]cn-jvI-c-W-{]-ÿ m-\-Øn¬ kPoh-ambn {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ Imfn-°p´n Bim´n, A∂ p kv{XoIƒ A\p-`-hn® bmX-\-I-sf-∏‰n hnh-cn-°p∂ p-≠v. "kv{Xo-Iƒ ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂ p. Ah¿°v hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ n-√. \nc-Øp-I-fn¬IqSn \S°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂ n-√. ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS apJØv t\m°mt\m Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-°mt\m A¿l-Xbp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ n-√. Ip™p-ß -sf-bp-≠m-°p∂ b{¥ -ß ƒ am{X-am-bn-cp∂ p kv{XoIƒ. ]pcp-j≥am¿ kv{Xobv°v ka-X-zm-h-Im-i-ß ƒ A\p-h-Zn-®m¬ Xs∂ Hcp kv{XobpsS ]Wn acm-aØv hIp∏v a{¥ n-bp-tSXm-bn-cn-°pw. `¿Øm-hn-\p-th≠n Ah¿ ho´p-Im-c-y-ß ƒ t\m°p-Ibpw Ip´n-Isf hf¿Øp-Ibpw IpSpw_-Ønse hchp sNe-hp-Iƒ {Iao-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøWw' kzm-X-{¥ -y-k-a-c-Ønse kv{Xo ]¶m-fnØw "k-zm-X-{¥ y ka-c-Øn¬ kv{XoIƒ hln® ]¶v kz¿Æ -en-]n-I-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-XmWv F∂ v cmjv{S-]n-Xm-hmb alm-flm-Km‘n ]d-™n-´p-≠v. 39

1920 apX¬ C¥ -y≥ \mjW¬ tIm¨{Kkv _lp-P-\-]m¿´nbm-b-tXm-sS, kv{XoIfpw kzm-X-{¥ yk- a - c - Ø n¬ ] s¶- S p- ° - W - s a∂ v Km‘nPn Bl-zm\w sNbvXp 1920 se \n -l-I-cW {]ÿ m-\-Øn¬ ]s¶SpØv kz¿Æ m-`-c-W-ß ƒ apgp-h≥ kw`hm\ sNbvX tcWpIm dmbv, kX-ym-{K-l-ß ƒ°n-S-bn¬ \ntcm-[n® ]pkvX-I-ß ƒ hn¬°p-Ibpw \nbaw ew Ln ®v Adà v hc n- ° p - I bp w sNbvX Ia-em-tZhn NtXm-]-≤-ym-b, tIm¨{Kkv kv{Xo hn`mKw D≠m-°pIbpw 1930 ¬ Km\v[nPn-bpsS AdÃn-\p-tijw D∏p-k-X-ym-{Klw \bn°p-Ibpw sNbvX ktcm-Pn\n \mbnUp, Aar-XvIu¿, arZpe kmcm-`m-bn, kptNXm Ir]m-en-\n, ]flPm \mbnUp. Zp¿Km-_mbv tZivap-Jv, AcpWm Ak^v Aen XpS-ß nb Bbn-c-°W-°n\v kv{XoI-fpsS t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ tZiob kzm-X-{¥ -y-{]-ÿ m\w apt∂ dn. 1930-˛31 ImeØv 20000 kv{XoI-sf-bmWv {_n´ojv ]´mfw Pbn-e-gn-Iƒ°p-≈n-e-S-®-Xv. tIc-f-Øn¬ ae-_m¿ tI{µ-ambn hf¿∂ p-h∂ knhn¬ \nb-a-ew-L\ {]ÿ m\w kv{XoI-fpsS kPoh ka-c-]-¶m-fnØw sIm≠v {it≤-b-am-bn, _me-`m-cXvkw-Lw, _men-I-kwLw, alnfm kwLw, ÃpU‚ vkv eoKv XpS-ß nb kv{XoI-fpsS kwL-ß ƒ, 1931 ¬ ]ø-∂ q-cn¬ \S∂ D∏p kX-ym-{K-l-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw \nbaw ewLn-°p-Ibpw AdÃv hcn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1931 s^{_p-hcn 2 \v D∏p-\n-IpXn \nbaw ewLn-®-Xn\v kv{Xo t\Xm-°-fm-bn-cp∂ Cui-z-cn-bΩbpw, Fw.-sI.-Pm-\-In-b-Ωbpw Hcp h¿jsØ XShv kzo-I-cn-®p. Fw.-hn.-Ip-´n-amfp AΩ, Ip™n-°m-hΩ, A°Ω sNdn-bm≥, sa‰n¬U I√≥, Ia-ew, B\n akv{Io≥, Im¿Øym\n-b-Ω, sIm®p-Ip-´n-bΩ F∂ n-h¿ Bdp amktam Hcp h¿jtam XS-hp-in£ A\p-`-hn-®-h-cm-Wv. 1932 ¬ hntZi hkv{X-°-S-Iƒ°v apºnse ]n°-‰n-\n-Sbn¬, kX- y m-{ Kl ]cn- ] m- S n- I - f n¬ ]s¶- S p-Ø - X n\v c≠ph¿jsØ XS-hn\v in£n-°-s∏´ Fw.-hn.-Ip-´n-amfp AΩ Bdpamkw {]mb-ap≈ ssI°p-™n-t\mSp IqSn-bmWv Pbn-en¬ t]mb-Xv. C¥ ybv°v kzm-X-{¥ yw e`n-®Xv ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS am{X-amb {]bXv\w sIm≠-√. ]pcp-j-∑m-sc-t∏mse Xs∂ kv{XoIfpw imco-cn-I-amb a¿±-\-ta-‰-h-cm-Wv.....-tXm-°n-\n-c-bm-b-h-cm-Wv.....-XS-hn¬ Ign-™-h-cm-Wv......-k-zm-`m-hn-I-ambpw c≠mw-Xcw ]ucX-z-a√ kv{Xo°v e`n-t°-≠-Xv. "Nm-]-e-y-ta, \ns‚ t]cmWv kv{Xo (Frailty, thy naMe is woman) F∂ p ]d™ tjIvkv]n-b-tdmSv F\n°v kl-Xm-]am-Wv.

kv{Xo N]-e-tb-m A_-etbm A√, kv{Xo kp_-e40

bmWv.

ssIØn-cn-bmbv 1972 ¬ C¥ -y-bnse BZ-ysØ h\nXm sF.-]n.-F-kv.-Hm-^o-k-dmbn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Inc¨t_Zn C∂ sØ s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°pw bphXn-Iƒ°pw kv{XoIƒ°pw DØ-a-am-Xr-I-bm-Wv. C¥ -y-bnse G‰hpw henb Imcm-Kr-lamb Xolm¿ Pbn-ens‚ sF.-Pn.-bmbn 1990 ¬ Inc¨t_Zn \nb-an-X-bm-bn. AhnsS ]Xn-\mbn-c-tØmfw ]pcpj XS-hp-Imcpw ap∂ q-dn-tesd kv{Xo XS-hp-Imcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. Inc¨ h∂ tXmsS Imcm-Krlw "\-ho-I-cW tI{µ"-ambn. Pbn¬ Xpd∂ kvIqfm-bn. Cµn-cm-Km‘n \mjW¬ bqWn-th-gvkn-‰nbpw \mj-W¬ Hm∏¨ kvIqfpw Hmtcmtcm imJ-Iƒ Pbn-en¬ Xpd∂ p. XS-hp-Imsc sXmgn-e-[n-jvTnX tImgvkpIƒ ]Tn-∏n-®p. tPmen sNbvXp In´p∂ ]Ww kq£n- ° m≥ Pbn- en- \ p- ≈n¬ XS- h p- I m¿°v t_¶v XpS-ß n. "hn-]m-k-\' F∂ [ym-\-]-cn-]mSn-b n- eqsS XS-h p- Im¿ ]pXnb a\p- j- y- cm-b n. Aß s\ Pbn¬ ]p≈n-Iƒ°v Imcm-Krlw kz¥ w hoSp t]mse-bm-bn. h¿j-ß -tfmfw ]pcp-j-t]m-eokv ta[m-hn-Iƒ°v Ign-bm-Ø-Xv, {lk-z-Im-e-L-´-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Xs∂ t\Sn-sb-SpØ Inc¨ t_Zn°v 1994 ¬ ^nen-s∏≥kv Bÿ m-\-amb cma¨ aKvksk ^ut≠-j≥ k¿°m¿ k¿∆o-knse anI® tkh-\-Øn\p≈ aKvksk Ahm¿Uv kΩm-\n-®p. 2003 ¬ sFI-y-cmjv{S kwL-S-\-bpsS kam-[m-\-tk-\-bnse t]meokv hn`m-K-Øns‚ D]-tZ-i-I-bmbn sk{I-´dn P\-d¬ tIm^n A∂ ≥, Inc¨ t_Zn-sb-bmWv \nb-an-®-Xv. tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂ pw GXm\pw DZm-l-c-W-ß ƒ. 2000˛01 ¬ kwÿ m-\sØ G‰hpw anI® ]©m-b-Øn\p≈ kz-cmPv t{Sm^n Icÿ am°n-bXv kn.-F-kv.kp-Pm-X-bpsS t\Xr-X-z-Øn-ep≈ Be-∏pg Pn√m ]©m-b-Øm-bn-cp-∂ p. 17-˛mw hb- n¬ Ccp-Im-ep-Ifpw Xf¿∂ p-t]m-b-Xn\m¬ ae-∏pdw Pn√-bnse sh≈n-e-°mSv {Kma-Ønse dm_n-bbv°v Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.-kn.bv°v tijw ]T\w XpS-cm-\m-bn-√. ho´n-en-cp∂ v ]pkvX-I-ß ƒ hcp-Øn®v Ahƒ ]Tn-®p. tIcf k¿°m¿ km£cXm anj≥ XpS-ß p-∂ -Xn\v apºv Xs∂ dm_nb \m´p-Imsc A£cw ]Tn-∏n-®p. 1994 ¬ \mj-W¬ en‰dkn anjs‚ Ahm¿Uv e`n® dm_n-bsb A`n-\-µn-®p-sIm≠v Kpcp \nX-y-ssN-X-\y bXn Fgp-Xnb IØn\v \¬Inb adp-]Sn Bcp-sSbpw lrZbw Ih-cpw. "P-\-\"-sa∂ ap∂ -£-c-Øn¬ \n∂ v "a-c-W"-sa∂ aq∂ -£-c-Øn-te°v IS-°p-∂ -Xn\p apºv "Po-hnX' sa∂ aq∂ -£cw Bi-bm¿∞ -Øn¬ kaq-l-Øn\v D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb coXn-bn¬ Pohn®p acn-°W - -sa∂ mWv Fs‚ B{K-lw'. 1994 ¬ P\o-h-bn¬ sFI-y-cmjv{S kwL-S\ \S-Ønb A¥ ¿tZ-iob ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ tIc-fØns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn ]s¶-SpØv BZn-hm-kn-I-fpsS {]iv\-ß ƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n® sI.-Pm\p A©p-hb p apX¬ apX-em-fn-am-cpsS ho´n¬ ]Wn-°p-t]m-hp-I-bpw, ]{¥ ≠mw hb p apX¬ Iqen-∏Wn sNbvXn41

cp-∂ -h-fp-am-bn-cp-∂ p. {]mY-anI hn-Z-ym-`-ymkw t]mepw e`n-°mØ kn.sI. Pm\p ]n∂ oSv km£-cXm ¢mkn-eq-sS-bmWv FgpØpw hmb-\bpw ]Tn-®-Xv. kmaq-l-y-{]-h¿Ø\w XpS-ß n-bXv kn.-]n.-F-Ωns‚ I¿j-sXm-gn-emfn bqWn-b\n¬ tN¿∂ psIm-≠v. BZn-hmkn {]iv\-ß -fn¬ ]m¿´n-bpsS \ne-]mSv icn-b-s√∂ p ]d™v 1991 ¬ ]m¿´n hn´ Pm\p 1992 ¬ BZn-hmkn hnI-k\ {]h¿ØI kan-Xnbv°v cq]w sImSp-Øp. Pm\p-hns‚ t\Xr-X-z-Øn¬ 1992 HIvtSm-_-dn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n® Z£n-Wm-ta-Jem BZn-hmkn kwK-a-Øn¬ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-tØmfw BZn-hm-knI-fmWv ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xv. 1994 se G‰hpw \√ kmaq-ly {]h¿Ø-I¿°p≈ kwÿ m\ k¿°m-cns‚ Ahm¿Uv hIp-∏p-a-{¥ n-bpsS ap∂ n¬ hen-s®-dn-™p-sIm-≠mWv k¿°m-cns‚ {]oW\ X{¥ -ß sf Pm\p FXn¿Ø-Xv. Pm\p-hns‚ \n›-b-Zm¿V-yhpw a\:-i-‡nbpw {]ikvX Ihn-bn{Xn kpK-X-Ip-amcn Ah-cpsS k¶ev]-Ønse ae-bm-fn-s∏-Æ n-s\-°p-dn®v Ipdn® hcn-ImWv \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂ -Xv. ""ae-bm-fsØ kvt\ln-°p-∂ -hƒ Xe-bp-b¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂ -hƒ [ocm-`n-am\n kz¥ w Imen¬ \n∂ v the-sNbvXp Pohn-°m≥ Ign-hp-‰-hƒ kvt\lsØ apdpsI ]nSn-°p-∂ p, F¶nepw A]-am\w s]mdp-°m-Ø-hƒ Ahƒ°v s]‰-\m-Sns‚ ssNX-\-yhpw Icp-Øp-ap-≠v''

kv{Xo-i‡n \s´-√n-t\mSv _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ Ggv N{I-ß -fn-emWv a\p-j-y-a-\- ns‚ A[n-jvTm-\-sa∂ v tbmKimkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂ p. Hmtcm N{I-Øn\pw \nb-X-amb ÿ m\hpw KpW-hp-ap-≠v. \s´-√ns‚ G‰hpw ASn-bn¬ ÿ nXn sNøp∂ aqe-[m-c-N{Iw lrZ-b-Øns‚Xpw a‰p-amb ASnÿ m\ imco-cn-I-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ \nb-{¥ n-°p-∂ p. AXn-\p-ap-I-fnse kzm-[n-jvTm-\-N{Iw ssewKn-I-tNmZ-\sb \nb-{¥ n-°p-∂ p. sXm´p-ap-I-fnse aWn-]q-c-I-N{Iw Zl-\-{]-{In-b, Xocp-am-\n-®p-d® {]h¿Ø-\Øn-\p≈ tijn F∂ n-h-sb-bmWv \nb-{¥ n-°p-∂ -Xv. A\m-l-X-N{Iw hnIm-c-ß -fp-sSbpw A\p-`q-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw \nb-{¥ -W-ÿ m-\-am-Wv. Igp-Ønse hnip-≤n-N{Iw D]-t_m-[-Nn-¥ -I-fnepw C.-F≥.-Sn.-h-y-h-ÿ -bn-t∑epw \nb-{¥ Ww sNep-Øp-∂ p. IÆ pIƒ°n-S-bnse B⁄m-N{Iw bp‡n-]q¿∆-ap≈ euInI {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ tijn-sb-bmWv \nb-{¥ n°p-∂ -Xv. inc- nse kl-{km-Nm-c-N{Iw B≤-ym-flnI i‡n-I-fpsS tI{µ-am-Wv. kv{XoIƒ°pw ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw Cu N{I-ß ƒ s]mXp-hm-Wv, Bt]-£n-I-ambn hy-X-ykvX Af-hp-I-fn-em-Wp-≈-Xv.

]s£, Ch-bpsS i‡n-Iƒ

kv{XoI-fn¬ kz-Xth hnIm-c-ß -sfbpw A\p-`q-Xn-I-sfbpw \nb-{¥ n-°p∂ "A-\m-l-X-N-{Iw' i‡am-bn-cn-°pw. kv{XoIƒ hnIm-c-]-c-ambpw A\p-`q-Xn-]-c-ambpw ap∂ n-em-hp-∂ -Xns‚ Imc-W-an-Xm-Wv. injycp-ambn A\m-bmkw _‘w ]pe¿Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂ -Xn-\m-emWv Xm{¥ n-I-Kp-cp-°-tf-sdbpw kv{XoI-fm-bsX∂ v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂ p. bp‡n-hn-Nm-c-ti-jn-bp-sSbpw euInI {]h¿Ø-\-ß -fp-sSbpw tI{µ-amb "B-⁄m-N-{Iw' ]pcpj-∑m-cn¬ i‡-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂ p. bp‡n-_≤ {]h¿Ø-\-ß -fnepw `uXn-I-im-kv{X-cw-KØpw ]pcpj≥ s]mXpsh hnP-bn-°p-∂ -Xns‚ Imc-W-an-Xm-Wv. sN v Ifn-°m¿°n-S-bnepw KWn-X-im-kv{X-ta-J-ebnepw kv{XoIƒ {]mtbW Ipd-bm\pw CXp-X-s∂ -bmWv Imc-Ww. kv{Xo ]pcp-j-∑m¿°n-S-bnse Cu hy-X-ymkw auen-Ihpw ASn-ÿ m-\-]-c-hp-am-Wv. imco-cn-I-˛-ssP-h-bm-Ym¿∞ -y-am-Wv.

AsXmcp

Cu temIw `uXn-I-X-bn¬ Du∂ n-b-Xm-Wv. AXmWv ]pcp-j-tI-{µo-IrX hy-h-ÿ n-Xnbv°p ImcWw. kv{XobpsS sshIm-cn-Ihpw A\p-`q-Xn-]-c-hp-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ th≠{X hne-a-Xn-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂ 42

Xns‚ Imc-Whpw CXp Xs∂ . e¶-bnse bp≤-`q-an-bn¬ h®v Xs‚ ssIhiw {_“m-kv{X-ap-s≠∂ v ad-∂ p-t]mb {iocm-as‚ Ah-ÿ -bn-emWv C∂ v kv{Xo. Ah¿ kz¥ w kn≤n a\- n-em-°msX Xß ƒ A_-e-I-fm-sW∂ v IcpXp-tºm-gmWv Nqj-W-Øn\pw hnth-N-\-Øn\pw hn-t[-b-am-hp-∂ -Xv. D]-kw-lmcw am¿®v 8 \mWv BtKm-f-h-\n-Xm-Zn-\w, Rm≥ ]pcp-jt\m, bphm-thm, B¨Ip-´ntbm BsW-¶n¬ a\p-kvarXn ]d-bp-∂ Xv Dƒs°m-≈p-I. "kv{Xo BZ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ n-SØv ssZhw hkn-°p-∂ p' Rm≥ kv{Xotbm bph-Xntbm s]¨Ip-´ntbm BsW-¶n¬ alm-flm-Km‘n ]d-™Xv Hm¿Ωn°pI. "]p-cp-js\ A\p-I-cn-°p-∂ -Xn-eq-sS-tbm, Ah-t\mSv a’ -cn-°p-∂ -Xn-eq-sS-tbm, Xt‚Xmb kw`mh\ temI-Øn\v \¬Im≥ kv{Xobv°m-hn-√. Ahƒ°v a’ -cn-°mw. F∂ m¬ ]pcp-js\ A\p-I-cn-°p∂ -Xn-eqsS, X\n°v {]m]-y-ß -fmb Hu∂ n-X-y-ß ƒ Ahƒ°v \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂ p. Ahƒ ]pcp-js‚ ]qc-I-ambn-cn-°-Ww.'

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

bqWn‰v ˛3

Aim-¥ n-]¿hß ƒ°-∏pdw o o

Km‘m-cn-hn-em]w o ]´m-f-°m-c≥ A¿÷p-\ hnjm-Z-tbmKw

sh´pI apdn-bv°pI ]¶p-h-bv°pI {Kmaw ]Ø-\w, P\-]-Z˛ sams°bpw ! sIm∂ pw Xn∂ pw hmgpI ]pen-I-fmbv knwl-ß -fmbpw ! a¿Øy cmhpI am{Xw hø, P¥ pX Pbn-°p∂ p

BapJw temI alm-bp-≤-ß ƒ, km{am-P-y-X-z-Øns‚ AXn-{]-k-cw, ]m›m-Xy ]uc-kvXy \mSp-I-fn¬ \S∂ alm-hn-π-h-ß ƒ, Gj-y-bn-tebpw B{^n-°-bn-tebpw kzmX-{¥ -y-k-a-c-ß ƒ, temI-sØ-ºm-Sp-ap≈ Xo{h-hmZ hn[-zw-kI {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ..... B[p-\n-I a\p-j-ym-h-ÿ sb am‰n adn-®n-cn-°p-∂ p. bp≤w F¥ ns‚ t]cn-em-bmepw AXv \mi-Ønte Iem-in-®n-´p-≈q. AwK-`wKw h∂ v Poh-—-ham-b-h¿, Pohn-X-Øns‚ Xmfw sX‰n-b-h¿, bp≤w hcp-Ønb A\m-Y-X-zw t]dp∂ -h¿, Zpc-aqØv ]c-kv]cw ]gn Nmcp-∂ -h¿......-A-ß s\ \o≠p t]mIp∂ p B ]´n-I. Bbp[w sIm≠v F√mw ]cn-l-cn-°m-sa∂ [mcW sX‰m-sW∂ Xncn®-dn-hp-≠m-h-Ww. kvt\lhpw kl-I-c-W-hp-amWv B\-µ-I-c-amb Pohn-X-Øn\m-h-iyw F∂ at\m-`mhw cq]-s∏-S-Ww. a\p-j-ys\ sIm√m-\p≈ Bbp-[-ß f√ Pohn-∏n-°m-\p≈ A∂ -amWv th≠-Xv. ]pcm-W-ß fpw CXn-lm-k-ß fpw aX{K-Ÿ-ß fpw DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂ Xpw AXp Xs∂ . ¢mkp apdn-bn¬ \ap-s°s¥ ms° sNøm≥ Ign-bpw.

50

*

Im¿´q¨ hni-I-e-\w, ]m\¬ N¿®

51

Im¿´q¨ \nco-£-W-Øn¬ \n∂ pw Ip´n-Iƒ Bibw Is≠-Øp-at√m o

bp≤-Øn¬ sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂ Xv ktlm-Z-c¿ Xs∂ .

o

Hcp ]´m-f-°m-c\pw a\-t m-sS-b√ bp≤-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂ Xv

o

A[n-Im-c-Øns‚bpw A[n-\n-th-i-Øns‚bpw kzm¿∞ X Bfp-Isf bp≤-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂ p

o o o o

Nm¿´v {]Z¿i\w ""F√m cmP-y-ß ƒ°pw {]Xn-tcm-[-a-{¥ n-bp-≠v. F∂ m¬ Hcp cmP-y-Øn\pw B{I-aW a{¥ n-bn-√.'' Fw.-F≥.-hn-P-b≥am-ÿ "" Hcp Ic-W-Ø-Sn-®m¬ adp-I-c-Whpw Im´n-s°m-Sp-°p-I'' ˛ tbip-{InkvXp

o

hni-I-e\w sNbvXv A`n-{]mb cq]o-I-cWw Ipdn-°m-a-t√m. CXn¬ \n∂ pw In´p∂ Bi-b-ß -fn¬ \n∂ pw bp≤-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hy-X-ykvX A`n-{]m-bß ƒ Db¿∂ p-h-cp-a-t√m. bp≤-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ ka-Im-enI kml-N-cyß ƒ Ah-tem-I\w sNbvXv bp≤w Bh-i-y-ap-≠v, bp≤w Bh-i-y-an√ F∂ hmZ-ap-J-ß -fp-≈-hsc th¿Xn-cn®v ]m\¬ N¿® \SØmw

52

A[n-\n-thi hy-{K-X-bn¬ \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fpsS c‡-hpw, \n -lm-b-h-cpsS \ne-hn-fn-bpw, F√m-ImeØpw Db-cm-dp-≠v. kmln-Xy cN-\-I-fn¬ Ch CSw-]n-Sn-°m-dp-≠v. AØ-c-Øn-semcp Ihn-X-bm-Wv.

shs¥ -cn™ sIm®p-_m-enI CXp Rm\mWv \nß -fpsS hmXn-en¬ h∂ p \n¬°p-∂ Xv F{Xtbm hmXn-en-embv ap´p∂ p Rm≥ B¿°p-sas∂ ImWm≥ Ign-bn√ acn-®-h-sc{X AZr-i-y-cmWv Rm≥ lntcm-jn-a-bn¬ acn®p Hcp kwh-’ cw apºv ]s£ F\n-°n∂ pw Ggp-h-b- mWv acn® Ip´n-Iƒ hf-cn-√t√m AZr-i-y-sa≥ apSn°p Xo∏n-Sn®p ]ns∂ -sb≥ IÆ q-Iƒ shs¥ -cn™p Rms\mcp ssI°p-ºnƒ Nmc-ambv Im‰n≥ Nnd-In¬ ]d∂ p F\n-°mbv Rms\m∂ pw tNmZn-°n√ Bin-°m-\n-s√-\n-s°m-∂ p-sam∂ pw shs¥ -cn™ _men-Ibv°v anTmbn Xn∂ m≥ t]mep-am-hn-√t√m? CXp Rm\mWv \nß -fpsS hmXn-en¬ ap´p-∂ Xv F\n°v \nß -fpsS H∏p-am{Xw aXn C\n-sbm-cn-°epw Ip™p-ß ƒ shs¥ -cn-bm-Xn-cn-°s´ Ah¿s°∂ pw anTmbn Xn∂ m-\m-Is´ ˛ \knw-ln-IvaØv ]me-kvXo≥ Ihn Ihn-X-bnse "F-\n°v \nß -fpsS H∏p-am{Xw aXn, C\n-sbm-cn-°epw Ip™p-ß ƒ shs¥ -cn-bmXn-cn-°-s´' F∂ -Xnse Bibw Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°mw.

*

IhnX hni-e-I\w sNbvXv {]Xn-I-cW°pdn∏v Xøm-dm°mw

AΩ-bpsS ]m´v \obp-d-ß p-sI-t∂ m-a-te, Poh˛ hmbp-h-s‰mco aÆ -d-bv°p-≈n¬! I¨an-gn-°- -cp-Xn-∏p-Xp-temIw a¨a-d-bp∂ \mƒh-sc-Ø-¶w! A∂ p \ns∂ bpw Iq´p-Im-scbpw aÆ n-em-gvØnb sh≈n-hnam\w ho≠pw h∂ p hnfn-®nSpw \ns∂ hn≠-e-amao `qhn-te-s°-Øm≥ kpµ-camw angn-Iƒ Xpd-°m˛ \∂ p-t]m-ep-sam-cp-ß cp-tXm-a¬! s]mt∂ m-sSmØ IXn¿I-fn¬ aq∏p 53

h∂ -W-bmØ ]mS-sØ-bmsI Ime-Sn-bm¬®-hp-´n-b-c-bv°m≥ Im´p-]-∂ n°pw i¶ tXm∂ oSmw a¿Ø-y-cm-in-X≥ ]n©p-ap-f-Iƒ s°mØ-\n-ß -sf-b-s∂ mcp \mfn¬ Np´p-Np´p Icn-°p-hm-\mbn a¿Ø-y-lkvXw aSn-®n√ sX√pw! AΩ ]pevIp-∂ n-Xmfpw Ic-fn¬ a¿a-t`-Z-I-tam¿a-I-fn-∂ pw: Ip™n-ss°-I-fn¬∏p-kvX-I-ta-¥ n, aRvPp-t\-{X-Øn¬ kz-]v\-ß -tf-¥ n, ho´n¬ \n∂ p \o ]mT-im-ebv°p Iq´-scm-Øp Kan-s®mcm bm{X...... aqfn-s°m≠p hnam-\-ß -tfsd tase h∂ p ]d-s∂ mcp t\cw "sh-≈n-{]m-hp"-I-sf-∂ m¿Øp \nß ƒ Xp≈n-®m-Sn-°-fn-s®mcm am{X...... Im¬sRm-Sn-bn¬°-cm-famw \mi˛ Imf-k¿∏w han® hnj-Øm¬ ]mSn-bm-Snb \nß fpw hoSpw \mSp-am-sI-Ø-I¿s∂ mcp hm¿Ø.... a¿Ø-y-s\-√mT ad-∂ p-t]m-bvØ-¶w, "]p-Ø≥ kwkvIm-cw' Xo¿°pw Xnc-°n¬! hnkva-cn-°p-h-sX-ß -s\,-sb-∂ m¬, hn{i-a-a-s‰m-c-Ω-am¿ Rß ƒ˛ s]‰p-Iq-´n, ape-I-fm-eq´n krjvSn-sN-bvhm≥ ]Tn-®-h¿ Rß ƒ? `· NnØ-Øn-en-∂ p-ao-tbm¿a˛ b·n-]¿hXw \mi-sØ-t∏mse ImØp-t]m-cp-∂ n-X-Ω-am¿ Rß ƒ, ]m¿Ø-e-Øn-\n-t∂ m¿Øp Nncn-°m≥ C∂ p \nß -fp-d-ß mhp aÆ n¬ a∂ n-t\-°mƒ al-Ømb hnÆ n¬ iym-a-`q-an-bn¬ ho≠pw Ifn-°m˛ t\ma-emƒ°n-∂ p-am-i-bp-s≠-¶n¬ ]®-°m-´n-se-∏q-°ƒ ]dn-∏m≥ sIm®p-X-¶-Øn-∂ n-—-bp-s≠-¶n¬ ImØn-cn-°p-I, Imc-W-h-∑m¿ Im´m-f-∑m¿, Xncn-s®-Øp-thm-fw; ImSn-\o-´nb Iq´¿ ]gb ImS-I-ß -fn¬∏m-Sn-Sp-thm-fw! ]n.-`m-kvI-c≥ (ln-tcm-jn-a-bnse AΩ) 54

""-I¨an-gn-°-cp-Xn-∏p-Xp-temIw a¨a-d-bp∂ \mƒh\s√-sc-ضw!'' ""-Im-Øn-cn-°p-I, Imc-W-h≥am¿ Im´m-f≥am¿, Xncn-s®-Øp-thm-fw'' o

bp≤s°m-Xn-]q≠ B[p-\nI a\ v PohnXw Akm-≤-y-am-°p∂ kml-N-cyw

o

]g-b-a-\p-j-ys‚ \∑ Ihn-X-bnse CØcw Bi-b-ß -fn-eqsS IS-∂ p-t]m-Im≥ ]mI-Øn-ep≈ Hcp {]Xn-I-c-W-°p-dn∏v Ip´n-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°s´

bp≤w Ft∏mgpw kv{XoI-sfbpw Ip´n-I-sf-bp-amWv G‰-hp-a-[nIw _m[n-°p-I. hn\m-i-I-c-amb bp≤-Øn\v \ΩpsS cmPyw Hcn-°epw t\Xr-Xzw sImSp-°p-I-tbm, Iq´p \n¬°p-Itbm sNø-cp-Xv. ]Icw temI-k-am-[m-\-Øn-\p-th≠n \ne-sIm-≈-Ww. Cu Bibw ap≥\n-dpØn tI{µ {]Xn-tcm-[a{¥ n {io.-F.-sI.-B‚-Wn°v Hcp \nth-Z\w Xøm-dm-°-s´.

Ne-®n{X tUmI-yp-sa‚dn {]Z¿i\w (ss\‰v B‚ v t^mKv-˛-A-e-s‚t\ ({^m≥kv) S¿´n¬kv Im≥^vssf-˛-_“m≥ sJm_mZn (C-dm≥) XpS-ß nb Nn{X-ß ƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØmw tNmZ-y-ß ƒ •

G‰hpa[nIw a\- n¬ ]Xn™ Zriyw

•

{][m-\-hn-jbw F¥ v ?

•

\nß -fn-ep-W¿Ønb Nn¥ -Iƒ Fs¥ ms°

A`n-apJw o

]´m-f-°m-c-\p-ambn A`n-apJw \S-Øp-∂ -Xn-\p≈ tNmZ-ym-hen ¨

amXrI :

¨

bp≤-ap-JØv \n¬°p-tºmƒ Xm¶-fpsS Nn¥ -Iƒ Fs¥ m-s°-bmWv?

¨

a\- n¬ hoSv, IpSpw_w F∂ nh IS-∂ p-h-cm-dpt≠m?

¨

IqsS-bp-≈-h¿ shSn-bp-≠-Iƒ G‰p-hm-ß p-tºmƒ Xm¶ƒ Fß -s\-bmWv AXns\ adn-I-S-°mdv?

¨ ¨ ¨

55

Cu A`n-ap-J-Øn-eqsS ]´m-f-°m-cpsS Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Bi-b-ß ƒ cq]-s∏Spw •

Bscbpw sIm√m-\p≈ XmXv]-cyw sIm≠√ Bfp-Iƒ ]´m-f-Øn¬ tNcp-∂ Xv

•

]c-kv]cw sIm√p-∂ -h-cpsS XmXv]-c-y-a√ bp≤w

•

bp≤w ]ns∂ BcpsS XmXv]-c-y-amWv

Nm¿´v {]Z¿i\w ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo-dns‚ "bp≤w Ah-km-\n-°-W-sa-¶n¬' F∂ IY-bnse "" Xs∂ ImWm≥ h∂ ]{X-{]-Xn-\n-[n-bmb bphm-hns‚ tNmZ-y-Øn\p adp-]-Sn-sb-t∂ mWw tNmZn-®p. "bp≤w Ah-km-\n-°-W-sa-¶n¬, Rm≥ F¥ p-sN-ø-W-sa-∂ mWp Xm≥ ]d-bp-∂ Xv ?$ "Aß v H∂ pw sNø-W-sa-∂ -√'. ]{X-{]-Xn-\n[n hy-‡-am-°n. "A-ß -bpsS A`n-{]m-b-amWp Rß ƒ°-dn-tb-≠Xv' ˛

{]k-‡-`mKw Nm¿´p-{]-Z¿i\w

o

N¿® Bi-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn\v Bh-i-y-amb A`n-{]m-b-ß ƒ°v t{]m’ m-l\w \¬Ip-at√m ? •

kmln-X-y-Im-c≥am-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S\w sIm≠pam{Xw bp≤w Ah-km-\n-°ptam?

•

Bbp-[-ß -fmtWm Ip‰-°m¿?

•

Bbp[ hy-h-km-bsØ B{i-bn-°p∂ hnI-knX cmP-yß ƒ Imc-W-°m-cm-Ip-∂ pt≠m ?

eLp D]-\-ymk cN\ apI-fn¬ sImSpØ {]h¿Ø-\-ß -fn¬ \n∂ v e`n-®n-´p≈ Adn-hp-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ eLp- D]-\-ymkw Xøm-dm-°pI kqN-\-Iƒ •

bp≤w a\p-j-y-hw-i-Øns‚ \ne- \n¬]n\v `oj-Wn-bmWv

•

Bbp[w sIm≠v F√m {]iv\hpw ]cn-l-cn-°m-sa∂ [mcW sX‰mWv

•

kvt\lhpw kl-I-c-W-hp-amWv B\-µ-I-c-amb Pohn-X-Øn\v Bh-i-yw

D]-\-ymkw Ip´n-Iƒ hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-°s´ •

Bibw

•

kz¥ w \ne-]mSv

•

DNn-X-`mj F∂ n-h-bn-eqsS {]h¿Ø\w IS-∂ p-t]m-bn-´p-s≠∂ v hne-bn-cp-Øp-at√m 56

\nco-£-W-°p-dn∏v "" Nne-cpsS XrjvW Ipd-bv°p-hm≥ IpØp∂ p ]e-cpsS IÆ p XÆ o-cn-\m-bn'' ]Yn-Is‚ ]m´v ˛ Pn.-i-¶-c-°p-dp∏v ""-hm-f-s√≥ ka-cm-bp-[w, QW-Q-W-[-z\w apg-°o-Sphm \mf-s√≥ Ic-hmfp hns‰mcp aWn s∏m≥hoW hmß n®p Rm≥'' *

k¿§-kw-KoXw ˛ hb-em¿

c≠p Ihn-Xm-i-I-e-ß fpw {i≤n-®p-ht√m ? H∂ n¬ kvt\l-Øns‚bpw as‰m-∂ n¬ kvt\l-cm-ln-X-y-Øns‚bpw apJ-ß ƒ ImWmw. CXn¬ C∂ sØ kaq-lsØ {Kkn®p \n¬°p∂ apJw GXmWv ? \nco-£n®v Ipdn∏p Xøm-dm-°pI

Bk-zm-Z\-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°pI ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \n∂ v khn-ti-j-X-bp≈ hcn-Iƒ Is≠-ØpI ""-ho-Wn-Xt√m InS-°p∂ p [c-Wn-bn¬ timWn-X-hp-a-Wn-™t√m inh! inh! \√ ac-X-I-°-√n-t\m-sSm-sØmcp I√-ym-W-cq-]≥ Ipam-c≥ at\m-l-c≥'' * Bibw Is≠-Ønb tijw bp‡n-]q¿∆-I-amb hni-I-e\w \S-°-Ww. Bk-zm-Z-\mw-i-ß ƒ Is≠-Ø-Ww. kz¥ w \nco-£-W-ß ƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn DNn-X-amb `mjm-{]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS Bk-zm-Z-\Øn-te°v IS-°-Ww.

Bk-zm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v cN\ * * * * *

Bibw Bk-zm-Z-\mw-i-ß ƒ kz¥ w \nco-£Ww kmaq-l-y-{]-k‡n DNnX `mj, LS\

tiJ-cWw bp≤-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]{X-I-´n-ß p-Iƒ, hm¿Ø, Nn{Xw, hcn-Iƒ

t]mÿ cN\ bp≤-hn-cp≤ Bi-b-ß -fn¬ \n∂ v t]mÿ cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI * BI¿jIw * efnXw * Bibw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂ Xv * te Hu´v * eLp-hmb ktµ-i-hm-Iyw 57

hm¿Ø ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Ønse kµ¿`-Øn¬ \n∂ pw hm¿Ø Xøm-dm-°pI Ip´n-Iƒ hy-‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn-°s´ * A\p-tbm-P-y-amb kµ¿`w sXc-s™-Sp-Øn-´p≠v * DNn-X-amb Xe-s°´v * {]Xn-]m-Z-\-coXn * A\p-tbm-P-y-amb `mj apI-fn¬ ]d™ {]h¿Ø-\-ß -fn¬ \n∂ v

{]`m-j-W-Øn-te°v {]th-in°mw {]`m-jW hnjbw ˛ amXrI * "bp≤w F¥ ns‚ t]cn-em-bmepw AXv k¿∆-\m-i-Ønte Iem-in-°q' * bp≤w a\p-j-y-hw-i-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬∏n\v `oj-Wn-bmWv * * kqN-I-ß ƒ * Bibw Is≠-ØWw * ka-{K-amb Bhn-jvImcw * ImenI {]k‡n * kz¥ w \nco-£Ww * LS\ * DNn-X-amb `mjm-hn-jvImcw *

IYm-]m{X \ncq-]Ww (lm‚ v _p°v t]Pv 124-˛125) IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ * Km‘mcn * {ioIr-jvW≥ * cma≥ \mb¿ * \mWn * A¿÷p-\≥ * Zp»f * A`n-a-\yp

˛

A¿÷p-\≥ F∂ IYm-]m-{XsØ \ncq-]Ww sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°pI ""-G-sXmcp a\p-j-y\pw Xt‚Xnt\-°mƒ Ffnb ÿ nXn-bn-em-bn-t∏mb Hcp ktlm-Z-cn-sbm, AXpw kv{XoX-z-Øns‚ GI-`q-j-W-amb Hcnfw Ip™n-t\m-sSm∏w IqSn I≠p-ap-t´≠n hcn-I F∂ Xv lrZ-b-t`Z-I-am-Wv...........................................................-A¿÷p-\s\ Cu hnjm-Z-°-b-Øn¬ \n∂ pw Ic-tI-‰p-hm≥ ]≠ptI´ `K-h-ZvKo-tXm-]-\n-j-Ønse h√ kq‡-ß fpw klm-bn-®n-cn-°ptam ? C√. KoXm-I¿Øm-hns‚ ]cm-Pb ÿ m\-am-Wn-Xv. AXp-t]m-se-Øs∂ CXv KoXm-I¿Øm-hns‚ hnP-b-ÿ m-\-hp-amWv. ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ khn-ti-j-X-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ A¿÷p-\≥ F∂ IYm-]m-{XsØ \ncq-]Ww sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°pI IYm-]m-{X-ß sf \ncq-]Ww sNøp-∂ -Xn\v Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imc-y-ß ƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØmw 58

* * * khn-tij kµ¿`-ß * *

IYm-]m-{XsØ Xncn-®-dn™p kz-`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m´n ka-Im-enI ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. ƒ Is≠-ج ]mT`mK-Øn¬ \n∂ pw khn-ti-j-X-bp≈ kµ¿`-ß ƒ Is≠-ج eLp-Ip-dn∏v

bp≤-hn-cp≤ hnj-b-Øn¬ * π°m¿Uv * t\m´okv * N¿®m°pdn∏v skan-\m¿ D]-hn-jbw

hnjbw : bp≤w : "km-ln-X-y-Ir-Xn-I-fpw-˛-bp-≤-hpw' "bp≤w A∏-Øn\pw sh≈-Øn\pw ˛ aq∂ mw-tem-I-bp-≤w' "]-´m-f-°m-c≥' "Km-‘m-cn-hn-em-]w' "A¿÷p\ hnjm-Z-tbm-Kw' "A-Ω'

cN\ ˛ ˛

_me-]w-‡n-I-fnse cN-\-Iƒ tiJ-cWw bp≤w hnj-b-amb IY/IhnX/Nn{Xw-˛-k-z-X-{¥ -c-N\ kaqlw t\cn-Sp∂ {][m-\-`o-j-Wn-Isf Xncn-®-dn-bm-\pw, {]Xn-I-cn-°m-\pw, k¿K-{]-Xntcm[w Xo¿°m\pw \ap°v km[n-°-W-sa∂ ImgvN-∏mSv ]mT-kµ - ¿`-ß -fn-eqsS IS-∂ pt]m-Ip-tºmƒ e`n-°p-at√m

o

]Z-ß ƒ Iq´n-t®¿Øv D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Imc-y-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°v {i≤-bp-≠m-hp-∂ -Xn\v ]Z-ß ƒ am‰n-sb-gp-Xm≥ \n¿t±-in°mw amXrI : ¨ kzm¿∞ -tem-Iw-˛-k-zm¿∞ -X-bp≈hcpsS temIw ¨ bp≤-{`m¥ v ¨ lrZ-b-t`-ZIw ¨ ¨ ChnsS ]Z-ß ƒ Iq´n-t®¿Øv hmbn-°p-∂ Xv t_m≤-y-s∏-Sp-a-t√m. Cß s\ ]Z-ß ƒ tN¿Øp hmbn-°p-∂ -Xm-tWm ]ncn-®p-hm-bn-°p-∂ -XmtWm IqSp-X¬ kuI-cyw F∂ -Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Ip´n-Iƒ°v A`n{]mbw \S-Øm-\-h-kcw sImSp-°mw. (Ip-´n-Iƒ°v ]Z-ß -fpsS Iq´n-t®¿°-en-\pw, H‰-]-Z-am-°p-∂ -Xn\pw {Kq∏-Sn-ÿ m-\-Øn¬ a’ -c-]-cn]mSn \S-Øm-hp-∂ -Xm-Wv) t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ ]Z-ß -fpsS HXp-°w, i‡n, A¿∞ hy-‡-X F∂ n-hbv°v ]Z-ß ƒ tN¿Øp]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ -Xns‚ HuNn-Xyw t_m≤-am-Ip-a-t√m. * kam-k-Øn\v ]mT-`m-K-Øp-\n∂ pw DZm-l-c-W-ß ƒ Is≠-Øn-sb-gp-Xmw. 59

60

tUm: ]n.-sI.-Xn-eIv 61

sN°v enÃv/aqe-y-\n¿Æ bw o

bp≤-Øn¬ sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂ Xv ktlm-Z-c≥am-cm-sW-∂ pw, bp≤-ap-≠mIp-∂ Xv kzm¿∞ -cm-b-h-cpsS A[n-\n-th-i-{`-a-Øn¬ \n∂ m-sW∂ pw Xncn®-dn-hp-≠m-Ip-∂ -Xn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v(-Im¿´q¨ \nco£-Ww, IhnX hne-bn-cp-ج, {]Xn-I-cW°pdn∏v F∂ n-h-bn-eq-sS)

o

CØcw Bi-b-ß -fp≈ Nn{X-ß ƒ, Ihn-X-Iƒ, Ne-®n-{X-ß ƒ F∂ nh ]cn-N-b-s∏-´n-´p≠v

o

Cu Bibw t\cn´v hy-‡-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ -Xn\v bp≤m-\p-`-h-ß -fp-≈-hcp-ambn A`n-apJw \S-Øn-bn-´p≠v

o

kmln-X-y-Ir-Xn-Iƒ hmbn®v Bk-zm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v, IYm-]m-{X-\n-cq-]Ww F∂ nh \S-Øn-bn-´p≠v

o

e`n® Bi-b-ß ƒ \nth-Z-\w, t]mÿ cN-\, hm¿Ø, {]Xn-I-c-W°p-dn-∏v, D]-\-ymkw XpS-ß nb hy-h-lmc cq]-ß -fn-eqsS {]I-Sn-∏n-®n´p≠v

o

h¿Æ -am-‰-sØ-°p-dn®v Is≠-Øn-bn-´p≠v

o

kz-X-{¥ -c-N-\-bn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂ -Xn\v Ah-kcw e`n-®n-´p≠v

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

bqWn‰v ˛5

tZi-s∏-cpa

o o

s]m∂ m\n ˛ \ºq-Xncn (tc-J-Iƒ-˛-Nn-{X-Im-cs‚ Bfl-I-Y) o X´Iw-˛-tIm-hn-e≥ (X-´-Iw-˛-t\m-h¬) IS-Ω-\n-´-˛-I-S-Ω-\n-´(-I-S-Ω-\n-´-bpsS Ihn-X-Iƒ-˛-I-S-Ω-\n-´) o Dcp-fn-Ip-∂ -Øns‚ epØo-\nb ˛ kJ-dnb

BapJw ]pXnb Ime-Øns‚ thK-X-bpsS IpsØm-gp-°n¬ \ΩpsS \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ thcp-Iƒ A‰p-t]m-hp-I-bmtWm? "C-hn-sS-sb-\n-s°mcp hoSp≠v' (H.-F≥.-hn.˛-ho-Sp-Iƒ) F∂ v ]mSnb Ihnsb \mw Hm¿°-Ww. thcp-Iƒ tXSn \mw \S°p-tºmƒ an°-t∏mgpw Imen¬ Ipcp-ß p-∂ Xv Hc-c-bm¬Ø-d-tbm, Hcp I¬afi-]-tam Hcp {KŸ-im-etbm Hs°-bm-Wv. AXns‚ ]n∂ m-ºp-d-ß fn-tes°Øn t\m°n-bm¬ a\p-jy a\- ns\ ]nSn-®p-h-en-®p-sIm-≠p-t]mbn hn{`-an∏n-°p∂ Hcp sFXn-l-y-hpw, AXns‚ Nnd-Iv]‰n ]d∂ v ]d∂ v `oam-Im-c-amb Hcp cq]-ambn hf¿∂ v B kaq-l-Øn¬ AXv hnebw {]m]n-°p-Itbm HcpXvk-h-ambn cq]m-¥ -c-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNbvXn-´p-≠m-hmw. "P-\\o P∑`q-an› kz¿KmZ-]n-K-co-b-kn' (s]-‰-Ωbpw ]nd∂ \mSpw kz¿K-sØ-°mƒ al-Ø-cw) F∂ v hmevao-In-cm-am-bWw DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂ p. kz-X-zsØ At\-z-jn-°p∂ GXp a\pj-y-\nepw k-z¥ w tZi-Øns‚ CØcw amlm-flyw IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂ p-≠m-Ipw. AXns\ Xs‚ k¿Km-fl-I-X-bn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂ -h-cm-Wt√m kmlnXy-Im-c-∑m¿. hm°p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw hc-I-fn-eq-sSbpw Xß -fpsS t]m‰-Ω-bmb tZisØ Bhn-jvI-cn-®-h-tcm-sSm∏w \ap°pw bm{X sNømw.....-tZ-i-Øns‚ Dujva-f-X-Iƒ \pI¿∂ p-sIm-≠v.......

82

{]h¿Ø\w ˛ 1 {]mtZ-inI Ncn{Xw Xøm-dm-°¬ *

\ap°v hy-X-y-kvX-amb Hcp Iznkv a’ cw \S-Øn-bmtem? Bcpw tNmZ-y-Øn\v DØcw ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√. Adn-bp-∂ -h¿ ssIs]m-°n-bm¬ aXn.

1.

Atacn°≥ {]kn-U-≠ns‚ t]cv ? D-Øcw Adn-bp-∂ -h¿ ssIs]m-°p-∂ p. FÆ w A[-ym-]-I≥ t_m¿Un¬ Ipdn-°p-∂ p. (Hmtcm tNmZ-y-Øn-\p-ti-j-hpw)

2.

temIsØ G‰hpw henb sImSp-apSn ?

3.

C¥ -y≥ {]kn-U-≠ns‚ t]cv ?

4.

BZ-ysØ tIcf kwÿ m\ apJ-y-a{¥ n ?

5.

\nß -fpsS ]©m-bØv {]kn-U-≠ns‚ t]cv ?

6.

F{Xmw hm¿Un-emWv \nß ƒ Xma-kn-°p-∂ Xv ?

7.

\nß -fpsS {]tZ-iØv (\m-´n¬) P\-hmkw XpS-ß n-bn´v F{X h¿j-ambn ?

8.

\nß -fpsS {]tZ-isØ BZ-ysØ hoSv Bcp-tS-XmWv?

9.

\nß -fpsS kvIqfnse BZ-ysØ slUvam-ÿ BcmWv ?

10.

\nß -fpsS apØ—s‚ A—s‚ t]sc-¥ mWv ? C\n DØcw ]d-™-h-cpsS FÆ w kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]´nI Xøm-dm-°n-bmtem? DZm-l-cWw 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

BsI tNmZyw 10

DØcw ]d™ 38 Ip´n-I-fpsS FÆ w

35

30

28

18

15

12

2

8

0

BsI Ip´n-Iƒ 40

tNm-Zyw

Cu ]´n-I-bn¬ \n∂ v \ap-s°-Øn-t®-cm≥ km[n-°p∂ \nK-a-\-ß ƒ Fs¥ -√m-amWv? *

AXn¬ {][m-\-s∏´ Imcyw ˛ temI-Im-c-y-ß ƒ Adn-bmw. \ΩpsS kz¥ w Imc-y-ß ƒ Adn-bn√ F∂ mtWm ?

*

\Ωsf \Ωfm-°n-b-Xn¬ {][m-\-]-¶p-h-ln-®-h¿ BcmWv ? *

hoSv, ho´p-Im¿

*

\mSv, \m´p-Im¿, Iq´p-Im¿

*

kvIqƒ, A[-ym-]-I¿, kl-]m-Tn-Iƒ

\sΩ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb tZi-sØ-°p-dn®pw AXns‚ `qX-Im-e-sØ-°p-dn®pw, kwkvIm-c-sØ-°pdn®pw A[n-I-sam∂ pw Adn-hp-Iƒ \ap-°n√ F∂ -Xt√ bm-Ym¿∞ yw ? Cß s\ aXntbm ? 83

{]h¿Ø\w k¿t∆tNmZ-ym-hen Xøm-dm°mw ta¬kq-Nn-∏n® ]cn-an-Xnsb adn-I-S-°m-\p≈ Hcp {iaw \ap°v \S-Øn-°qsS ? Aß -s\-sb-¶n¬ \ΩpsS kz¥ w tZi-sØ-Ip-dn-®v, AXns‚ kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn®v Hc-t\-z-jWw \S-Øm-at√m ? Fs¥ ms° tNmZ-y-ß -fmWv Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv ? Fs¥ ms° hnh-c-ß -fmWv tiJ-cn-t°-≠Xv ? kqN-I-ß ƒ *

\mSv, t]cv, Ncn{Xw

*

a\p-j-y-hm-kw, Ncn{Xw

*

Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß ƒ-˛-sF-Xn-l-yw˛{]-tX-y-I-X-Iƒ

*

hnZ-ym-`-ymk ÿ m]-\-ß ƒ ˛ kzm-[o\w

*

Irjn-˛-kw-kvIm-cw˛hcp-am-\-am¿K-ß ƒ

*

s]mXp-ÿ m-]-\-ß ƒ, {][m-\-h-y-‡n-Iƒ-˛-k-zm-[o\w

*

hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ-˛-L´w

*

tXmSp-Iƒ, Ipf-ß ƒ, B¬Ø-d-Iƒ, hmb-\-im-e-Iƒ, CS-h-gn-Iƒ, ac-®p-h-Sp-Iƒ-˛-Kr-lm-Xp-c-amb Hm¿Ω-Iƒ

*

e£-y-{Kq∏v

Ch-sb√mw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v \nß -fpsS {]tZ-i-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp eLp-N-cn{X kwkvImc kw{Klw Xøm-dm-°p-a-t√m........ GsX-¶nepw i\n, Rmb¿ Znh-k-ß ƒ ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa∂ v {]X-ym-in-°p-∂ p. {]h¿Ø\w teJ\w Xøm-dm°mw tZi-s∏-cpa F∂ bqWn-‰nse Nn{X-ß ƒ {i≤n®p \nco-£n-®p-t\m-°q....... BsI F{X Nn{X-ß ƒ D≠v ?

Ip´n-Iƒ \nco-£n-°-s´.......

84

85

86

87

Ahbv°v s]mXp-hmbn Nne khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ D≈-Xmbn tXm∂ p-∂ pt≠m ? N¿® sNbvXv Is≠Øn {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂ p. *

hc-I-fn-eqsS Bi-b-kw-th-Z\w

*

Npcp°w hc-Iƒ-˛-Iq-Sp-X¬ Bi-b-ß ƒ

*

tZi-tØbpw AXns‚ X\n-a-tbbpw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ p

*

{Kmao-WX

*

kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb Awi-ß ƒ

*

Krlm-Xp-cX

*

]mT-`m-K-ß -fp-am-bp≈ _‘w

* CXp-t]mse hy-X-ym-k-ß fpw Is≠-Øm-a-t√m. *

{]Xn-]m-Z-\-co-Xn, BJ-ym-\-co-Xn-˛-h-y-X-ymkw

*

{]ta-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v hcp∂ hy-X-ymkw

*

hc-I-fpsS coXn

*

XpS¿®-bp-≈-Xv, C√m-ØXv

*

]mT-`m-K-ß ƒ XΩn-ep≈ hy-X-ymkw

* t{ImUo-I-cn® tijw Nn{X-hm-b-\-bn-te°v Nne chn-h¿Ω-Nn-{X-ß ƒ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂ p(ICT) Imh-y-k-µ¿`-ß ƒ Is≠-Øp-∂ p. eLp-N¿®-bn-eqsS "Nn-{X-ß fpw kmln-X-y-Ir-Xn-I-fpw' F∂ hnj-b-Øn-ep≈ teJ\ cN-\-bn-te°v \bn-°mw. chn-h¿Ω-Nn-{X-ß ƒ-˛-Im-h-y-k-µ¿`-ß ƒ Bims‚ 10 Ihn-X-Iƒ˛10 Nn{X-ß ƒ _jo¿-˛-]m-Øp-Ω-bpsS BSv-˛-Nn-{X-ß ƒ \ºp-Xn-cn-bpsS Nn{X-ß ƒ-˛-c-≠m-aqgw F∂ nh {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw. ASn-°p-dn-∏v-˛-Xm-c-X-a-y-°p-dn∏v F∂ o {]h¿Ø\ß ƒ°p≈ km[-y-Xbpw Is≠-Øp-a-t√m. {]h¿Ø\w Bk-zm-Z\w kmln-X-y-Im-c≥am¿ kz¥ w t]cn-s\m∏w a‰p \ma-ß ƒ IqSn tN¿°p-∂ Xv \nß -fpsS {i≤bn¬s∏-´n-´p-t≠m. as‰-s¥ m-s°-bmWv t]cns‚ IqsS tN¿°m-dp-≈Xv ? *

IpSpw-_-\m-a-ß ƒ

*

]nXm-hns‚ t]cv

*

PmXn-bpsS t]cv

*

ÿ e-Øns‚ t]cv

88

t]cn-s\m∏w ÿ e-t∏cv tN¿°p∂ kmln-X-y-Im-c≥am¿ Bscm-s°-bmWv ? Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂ p. A[-ym-]-I¿ BB bn¬ Fgp-Xp-∂ p. ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo¿ s]m≥Ip∂ w h¿°n XIgn inh-i-¶-c-∏n≈ D≈q¿ Fkv ]c-ta-i-zc Aø¿ Ipco-∏pg {ioIp-am¿ hb-em¿ cma-h¿Ω ssIX{]w Zmtam-Z-c≥ \ºq-Xncn kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSv Aw_nIm-kp-X≥ amß mSv inlm-_p-±o≥ s]mbvØpw-I-Shv Xml amSmbn kt¥ mjv G®n-°m\w Ajvd^v BSqcv ae-bm-‰-q¿ cma-Ir-jvW≥ AIv_¿ I°-´n¬ IS-Ω-\n´ cma-Ir-jvW≥ "IS-Ω-\n´' F∂ t]cn¬ {]kn-≤-\mb Cu Ihn AtX t]cn¬ Xs∂ Fgp-Xnb IhnX ]cn-Nb - -s∏-´p-h-t√m...... Cu Ihn-Xbv°v Hcm-k-zm-Z\w Xøm-dm-°n-bmtem ? AXn\p apºmbn Ihn-X-bpsS {]tX-y-I-X-Isf°pdn®v ]Tn-°m≥ ]c-ym-]vX-amb hn[-Øn¬ Hcp h¿°vjo‰v Xøm-dm-°n-°qsS ? *

I≠pw tI´pw kv]¿in®pw aWØpw Ihn Adn-bp-∂ Xv Fs¥ m-s°-bmWv?

*

tZisØ Ipdn-®p≈ a[p-c-ap-≈Xpw Ibv∏p-≈-Xp-amb kvac-W-Iƒ ]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Øn-°qsS ?

*

ChnsS Hm¿a-I-fn-eqsS IhnX Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-tºmƒ IqSp-X¬ at\m-l-c-am-Ip-∂ p. Cu {]kvXm-h\ ÿ m]n-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ihn-X-bn¬ \n∂ v DZm-l-c-W-ß ƒ Is≠-Ømtam?

*

{Kmao-W-Xsb Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-tºmƒ IS-Ω-\n´ F∂ Ihn IqSp-X¬ Icp-Øp-Im-´p-∂ p. Imc-W-sa-¥ mhmw ?

*

tZisØ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-tºmƒ kJ-dn-bbpw IS-Ω-\n-´bpw Is≠-Sp-°p∂ ImgvN-I-fnse kma-y-h-y-X-ym-kß ƒ Is≠-Ømtam ? "]p-Æ n-en-d-ß nb Ipi-ap-\-bq-cn-∏-√nS IpØn aW-Øv' "\ocn¬ aq{X-sam-gn®p hnf¿Øp-sa-en-™p' Cu hcn-Iƒ hmbn-®-t∏mƒ F¥ p-tXm∂ n ? "s\-√n≥X≠p aW°pw hgn-Iƒ F≈n≥ \mºp-Ip-cp°pw hb-ep-Iƒ' "Hm-e-™m-en-°n-fn-bpsS hmen¬ H≥]-Xp-io-e-s°m-Sn-Ifp sI´n' F¥ p hy-X-ym-k-amWv Cu hcn-Iƒ hmbn-°p-tºmƒ A\p-`-h-s∏-´Xv ? 89

CØcw tNmZ-y-ß -fn-eqsS Ihn-X-bpsS Bflm-hn-te-°n-d-ß m≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ah-kcw \¬Im-\mhptam ? N¿®-Iƒ t{ImUo-I-cn®v Ihn-Xbv°v Bk-zm-Z\w Xøm-dm-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-at√m. apºv Xøm-dm-°nb kqN-I-ß ƒ (B-k-zm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏v) ]cn-K-Wn-°mw..... {]h¿Ø\w tUmI-yp-sa‚dn Xøm-dm-°¬ ˛

\nß ƒ Dcp-fn-Ip-∂ sØ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂ pthm ?

kam-\-amb Hcp {Kma-]-›m-Ø-esØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Hcp tUmI-yp-sa‚dn Xøm-dm-°mtam ? AXn-\mbn Fs¥ ms° Hcp-°-ß ƒ \S-ØWw ? - -˛

{Kma-k-µ¿i\w \S-Øp∂ p

˛

{][m-\-s∏´ {]tX-y-I-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp∂ p

˛

kv{In]v‰v Xøm-dm-°p∂ p

˛

FUn‰v sNøp-∂ Xv

˛

i_vZw ˛ dnt°m¿Unß v \n¿∆-ln-°p∂ p (D-Nn-X-amb BJ-ym\w \¬In sdt°mUv sNøp-∂ p) D_p≠p 10.04 se Open Short Video Editor F∂ tkm^v‰v shb¿ CXn\mbn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-at√m

{]h¿Ø\w hmb-\m-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm°mw e¥ ≥_-tØ-cn-bnse epØn-\n-b-Iƒ-˛-F≥.-F-kv.-am-[-h≥ kvamc-I-in-e-Iƒ ˛ ]p\-Øn¬ ae-ap-I-fnse A_vZp≈ ˛ ]p\-Øn¬ Xrt°m-´q¿s∏cpa ˛ bp.-F.-Jm-Z¿ HtdmX ˛ Im°-\m-S≥ Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkw ˛ H.-hn.-hn-P-b≥ aø-gn-∏p-g-bpsS Xoc-ß -fn¬ ˛ apIp-µ≥ X´Iw ˛ tImhn-e≥ F≥a-IsP ˛ Aw_n-Im-kp-X≥ amß mSv Ggp {Kq∏p-I-fn-embn ]pkvX-I-ß ƒ \¬Ip-∂ p˛ ]pkvXIw ]cn-N-b-s∏-´-tijw hmb-\m-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°m-\mbn {Kq∏v eoUsd Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ p.

90

kqN-I-ß ƒ \¬Ip∂ p ¨

Fgp-Øp-Im-cs\°pdn®v

¨

{]tabw

¨

IY Npcp°w

¨

IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ˛ {]tX-y-I-X-Iƒ

¨

tZisØ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ `mK-ß ƒ tZiw sNep-Ønb kzm-[o-\-sØ-°p-dn®v

¨

D]-kw-lmcw (F-¥ mWv CØcw IrXn-I-fp-≠m-°p∂ Xncn-®-dnhv F∂ v hy-‡-am-°n-s°m-≠v)

˛

eoU¿am¿ Xøm-dm-°n-s°m≠p h∂ hmb-\m-°p-dn∏v {Kq∏n¬ N¿® sNøp-∂ p. {]kvXpX ]pkvX-Iw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v Bh-i-y-amb sa®-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂ p. {Kq∏nse Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ p-˛-N¿® sNøp-∂ p.

91

{]h¿Ø\w

k¿§m-flI cN\ "Fw.-Sn.-tb-°mƒ ]Xn-s\m∂ v hb- n\v Cf-∏-amb F\n°v Ht´sd IqS-√q¿ IY-I-fpsS Npcp-f-gn°m≥ Ign-bpw. Nne IY-Iƒ Rß -fpsS IpSpw-_mw-K-ß -fpsS Pohn-X-Øn-te°pw A\p-`-h-ß -fn-te°pw D≈ Ncn-{Xm-t\-z-j-W-ambn tXm∂ mw. Ncn-{X-Øn\v k¿Km-flI kuµ-c-y-hp-ambn Hcp _‘hpw thWsa-∂ n-√. Fw.-Sn.-I-Y-I-fn¬ Hcp tZi Ncn-{X-Øns‚bpw IpSpw-_-N-cn-{X-Øns‚bpw tNcp-h-Iƒ D≠m-Imsa-¶nepw AXn-s\ms° Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ k¿Km-fl-I-X-bpsS kz¿Æ -Øn-f°w ]I¿∂ -Xp-sIm-≠mWv IYI-fpsS s]mcpfpw IYm-]m-{X-ß -tfbpw tXSn F∂ pw hmb-\-°mcpw Bcm[Icpw IqS-√q-cn¬ hcp-∂ -Xv'' Fw.-Sn.bpw IqS-√qcpw ˛ Fw.-Sn.-c-ho-{µ≥ (Fw.-Sn.-bpsS sNdn-b-Ω-bpsS aI-\mWv cN-bn-Xm-hv) * ""aq∏n-en-t»-cnbpw ]∂ n-t»-cnbpw IS∂ v sh´p-ImSpw IS∂ v ckw ]d™v Nß m-Xn-am¿ \S-∂ p. an∂ w shfp°pw aptº tIt®-cn-∏pg IS∂ v s]cp-a-ebpw tImtS-cn-°p∂ pw adn™v Ah¿ t]mbn. \mSmb \msS√mw \S∂ v ImSmb ImsSms° IS∂ v Ah¿ c≠p hmen-b-°m¿ N¥ bv°v t]mbn. Ah¿s°mcp `b-an-√. Ah¿s°mcp i¶-bp-an-√. Hcp-Ø-s\m-cp-Ø≥ apºpw ]nºpw XpW-\n¬°p-tºmƒ GXp sImß nepw Ah¿ t]mbn hcpw. ]d-¶n-a-ebpw Ibdn hcpw'' X´-Iw˛ tImhn-e≥ * ""-]-I¬°n\m-hn\v ]‰nb ÿ e-am-bn-cp∂ p Dcp-fn-°p-∂ w. AhnsS t\cn´v shbn-e-Sn®v Xnf-ß p∂ CS-ß ƒ Npcp-°-am-Wv. ho´p-ap-‰-ß fpw tdmUp-Ifpw ]md-s°-´p-I-fp-sam-gn-®m¬ Dcp-fn-Ip∂ w apgp-h≥ ac-ß fpsS XW-en¬ Ccp´pw \ngepw ]q≠p-In-S-°p∂ Hcp {]tZ-i-am-Wv. d∫¿tXm-´-ß -fnse Ccp-fns‚ {]tXy-I-X. Ccp-fn-t\m-sSm∏w kqc-y\pw Hcp he tXm´-Øn-\p-≈n¬ hoin-bn-cn°pw F∂ -Xm-Wv. ]ns∂ IΩ-yq-WnÃv ]®-bp-sSbpw s]cn-ß -e-Øns‚bpw CS-Xq¿∂ s]m¥ -I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. ]ip-°ƒ, ]∂ nIƒ, BSp-Iƒ XpS-ß nb Rß -fpsS kl-Po-hn-Iƒ Ah-bv°p-≈n-eqsS \S-∂ p-≠m-°nb Kpl-I-fpsS AI-Øp-I-b-dp-tºmƒ F√m {]IrXn \nb-a-ß -tfbpw ewLn®v hnP-bn-®-Xp-t]m-ep≈ Hcp alm-kpJw Rm≥ A\p-`-hn-®n-cp-∂ p. Dcp-fn-Ip-∂ -Øns‚ epØo-\n-b-˛-k-J-dnb * ""-Xr-t°m-´q-cnse Hcp JmZ-dpsS ImgvN-bn¬ ImWp-∂ Xv Fß s\ Xrt°m-´q-cns‚ bYm¿∞ Nn{X- -am-bn-Øo-cpw! bp.-F.-Jm-Z¿ a‰v ae-bmf kmln-X-y-c-N-bn-Xm-°-fn¬ \n∂ v hy-X-y-kvX-am-Ip∂ kµ¿`am-Wn-Xv. X\n-°p-Np-‰p-ap≈ temIw C{X-am{Xw IuXpIw P\n∏n°pwhn[w ImgvN-bmb JmZ¿°v A\p`-h-s∏-´-Xns‚ ImcWw C\nbpw At\-z-jn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. F¥ m-bmepw ChnsS Db¿∂ p-h-cp∂ kwibw FhnsS \nt∂ m FØn-t®¿∂ JmZ-dn\v Xrt°m-´q-cns\ C{X-am{Xw kq£va-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ Fß s\ Ign™p F∂ -Xm-Wv. F¥ p Xs∂ -bm-bmepw ae-_m-dnse ae-bm-fhpw ae-bm-f-Ønse PohnX-Xm-fhpw hcpw Xe-ap-dbv°pw ssIam-dm≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w bp.-F.-Jm-Z¿ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Xrt°m-´q¿ s\msh-√-Iƒ°v Fgp-Xnb Ah-Xm-cn-I-bn¬ \n∂ v tUm. ]n.-sI.-t]m-°¿

92

GtXm¿Ω F\n°p acn-°-W-sa≥ \m´n¬ Aen-b-W-sa-\n°p \nf-bpsS injvS-\o¿°-b-ß fn¬ F≥ hnc-ep-Iƒ Im‰mbv Xw_pcp hmbn-°t´ \n≥ ]\-I-fn¬ Np≠p apcfn apf-¶m-Sn¬ F≥ sNhn-I-fn¬ apg-ß o-s´-b-hn-cmaw \n≥I-S-e-e-IƒX≥ \oebmw tIIm-chw F≥ angn-I-fn¬ s\√n-∏q-°ƒX≥ \oem-Imiw ˛

k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-I-fnepw t\mh-enepw Bfl-I-Y-\-Ønepw ]T-\-Ønepw Ihn-X-bnepw F√mw \ndbp∂ tZi-Øns‚ kv]µ-\-ß ƒ I≠p-h-t√m..... kz¥ w tZisØ Ipdn®v Fgp-X-W-sa∂ v tXm∂ p-∂ n-t√.....-I-hn-X-bmbpw IY-bmbpw Nn{X-ambpw Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏mbpw Bhn-jv°cn-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw \∂ mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-sa∂ v Icp-X-s´. {]h¿Ø\w ]Xn∏v Xøm-dm°mw tImhn-es‚ "X-´-Iw' F∂ t\mh-ens‚ H∂ m-a-[-ymbw hmbn°mw F∂ v kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v ]mT`mKw au\-hm-b-\bv°v \¬Ip-∂ p. GI-tZiw A©v an\n´v Ign-bp-tºmƒ hmb\ \n¿Øm≥ Bh-i-y-s∏-Sp-∂ p.

Ip´n-I-tfmSv GIm-{ K- X- tbmsS IÆ -S n- ® n- cp∂ v hmbn® `mK-ß ƒ Hm¿Ωn-s®-Sp-°m≥ ]d-bp∂ p

H∂ p-IqSn HmSn-®p-hm-bn-®-tijw ]mT-]p-kvXIw AS-®p-sh-°m≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ p. XpS¿∂ v tNmZ-y-ß -fn-eqsS Ip´n-Iƒ ]mT-`mKw F{X-tØmfw {Kln-®n-´p≠v F∂ -dn-bm≥ {ian°p∂ p.

A[-ym-]-I-t\mSv ]mT-`m-K-Øn-te°v {]th-in-°m≥ ]c-ym-]vX-amb tNmZy -ß ƒ Xøm-dm-°p-at√m 93

DZm: *

]mT-`m-K-Øns‚ t]cv ?

*

cN-bn-Xm-hns‚ t]cv ?

*

AtX hmIyw Xs∂ c≠m-aXv Bh¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ hcp-Ønb am‰w {i≤n-®n-cpt∂ m ? F¥ vtXm∂ n?

*

IS-∂ p-h-cp∂ IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ Bscm-s°-bmWv ?

*

Ah¿°v Fs¥ -¶nepw {]tX-y-IX D≈-Xmbn tXm∂ ntbm ?

*

Cu IY GXv ImeØv \S-∂ -Xm-sW-∂ q-ln-°mtam ?

*

{]tX-yI {i≤-b¿ln-°p∂ ]Z-ß tfm hmI-y-ß tfm Hm¿an-°p-∂ pt≠m ?

*

IY-mI-Y\ coXn AXn-i-tbm‡n]c-amtWm ?

*

"hgn-b-º-e-Øn¬ sX°cpw hS-°cpw HØp-Iq-Sn' Ah-cpsS hnt\m-Z-ß ƒ Fs¥ m-s°-bm-bn-cp∂ p ?

Cu coXn-b¬ tNmZ-y-ß ƒ tNmZn®v Ip´n-I-fpsS {Kl-W-tijn Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂ p. hmb\ ˛ a\\w ˛ hmb\ ˛ ]T\w Cu coXn-bn¬ Kuc-h-Øn-ep≈ ]T\w km[-y-amIpw F∂ v kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v "X-´-Iw' F∂ ]mT`m-K-tØ-°p-dn-®p≈ {]tX-y-I-]-Xn∏v Xøm-dm-°m-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°v IS-°mw. ˛

Ip´n-Isf 4 {Kq∏p-I-fmbn Xncn-°p-∂ p.

1)

]mT-`m-K-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Nn{X-ß ƒ tiJ-cn-°¬

DZm:˛ ]mf-s∏m-Xn, I¬Ø-d, Hme-°p-S, If-cn, tIm¬°-fn, hgn-b-º-ew, ]In-S-I-fn, t]mØp-Iƒ, Imf-Iƒ, Bepw B¬Ø-d-bpw, InWdpw I¬sØm-´n-bpw, hn√v, Aºv, s\bvhnf°v, ssIX, Im¬®n-eºv, hmƒ. 2)

3)

"X-´-I"-Ønse `mj-bpsS {]tX-y-I-X-Iƒ Is≠-ج ˛

]Z-ß ƒ

˛

-{]-tbm-K-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

˛

{]I-S-am-Ip∂ {Kmao-W-kw-kvImcw

˛

{]I-S-am-Ip∂ Im¿jn-I-kw-kvImcw

{]Ir-Xn, tZiw, IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ Chsb kw_-‘n®v ]mT-`m-K-Øp≈ h¿Æ -\-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°pI H∏w kam-\-amb a‰v IrXn-I-fn-tetbm Km\-ß -fn-tetbm h¿Æ -\-Ifpw tiJ-cn-°m-\m-h-i-y-s∏-Smw. DZm : "s\bvhnf°ns‚ kpK‘w t]mse ssIX-∏p-sºmSn ]md-nb-t]m-se, Icn-bn-e-I-fn¬ Im¬®n-e-sºmen XØn-b-t]m-se....(-]m-T-`m-KØp \n∂ v) "I-fcn hnf°p sXfn-™-XmtWm sIm∂ -acw ]qØp-e-™-XmtWm am\-Øp-s∂ -ß m\pw h∂ -Xm-tWm' Ip∂ Øp kqc-y≥ DZn-®-XmtWm (kn-\n-am-Km-\w) 94

4)

sFXo-l-y-ß ƒ tiJ-cWw {]tZ-i-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]pcm-hr-Ø-ß ƒ tiJ-cn-°-Ww.

Cu coXn-bn¬ hnh-c-ti-J-cWw \S-Øm≥ {Kq∏p-Iƒ°v Npa-Xe \¬Ip-∂ p˛ Ah-X-c-Whpw XpS¿∂ v ]Xn-∏p-≠m-°epw \S-Øm-at√m (X-´I - -∏-Xn∏v F∂ v t]cv \¬Imw) hni-I-e-\-Ip-dn∏v ""-G-Xp-b-{¥ -h¬Ir-X-tem-I-Øn¬ ]pe¿∂ mepw GXp-[q-k-ck-¶-ev]-\-Øn¬ hf¿∂ mepw a\-kn-ep-≠m-hs´ {Kma-Øn≥ hnip-≤nbpw aWhpw aa-Xbpw CØn-cn-sIm-∂ -∏q-hpw'' ˛ hnjp°Wn ˛ sshtem-∏nfn ""-D-cp-fn-Ip-∂ sØ a\p-j-y¿ Fs∂ Nncn-°m\pw kt¥ m-jn-°m\pw ]Tn-∏n-®p. BS-bm-`-c-W-ß -fn√mØ Hcp `mj F\n°v X∂ p. B `mj-bpsS ]n∂ n¬ Hcp Pohn-X-em-fn-X-y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. ]n∂ oSv Rm≥ Fs‚ Pohn-XsØ k¶o¿Æ -am°n he-®p-sh-¶n-epw, B emfn-X-y-Øns‚ Hcp kz-ÿ -amb Awiw F∂ n¬ \ne-\n-∂ -Xp-sIm-≠mWv Rm≥ C∂ pw ]q¿W-ambpw _p≤n{`wiw hcmsX Pohn-°p-∂ -Xv'' PohnXw F{X-am{Xw ]S¿∂ p-]-¥ -en-®mepw thcp-Iƒ \ΩpsS P∑-\m-´n¬ Xs∂ -bm-Wv. apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øh Cu {]kvXm-h-\sb km[q-I-cn-°p-∂ pt≠m ?'' hni-I-e\w sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°p-I. 2. Bk-zm-Z\w Xøm-dm-°pI Fhn-sS-t∏m-sbs‚ Zn\-ß ƒ Fhn-sS-t∏m-sbs‚ InSm-ß ƒ tX≥ IqSp-Iƒ tXSn-t∏mtbm cm¨Ip-´n-I-sfs‚ InSm-ß ƒ ]q°q-S-\n-d-bv°m≥ t]mtbm sc≥ Ip´n-Iƒ s]¨ss]-X-ß ƒ AΩn-™-®p-≠-sØm-´n-sbm˛ cmº¬∏q-sam-´p-I-sf-hnsS th´-°m-c-h-cpsS ssIøp-Iƒ sh´pw Rm≥ I¬a-gp-thmß n ae-Xo-≠n-b-ip≤w sNbvX-h¿ Xe-bn-√m-sXm-gp-I-W-am-‰n¬ ac-sam-s°-b-cn-™-hs-c∂ psS Ipe-sams° apSn-®-h-c-h-cpsS IpS¬am-e-Iƒ sIm≠p PK-Øn¬ \nd-am-e-Iƒ Xq°pw Rm≥ (In-cm-X-hr-Øw-˛-I-S-Ω-\n-´)

{]Xn-I-c-W-°p-dn∏v "" Dcp-fn-Ip∂ w F\n°v hnh-cn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-hn-[-ap≈ Hc-Sp∏w {]Ir-Xn-tbmSv X∂ p. Hmtcm Cebp-sSbpw taL-Øns‚bpw I√ns‚bpw Nne-¥ n-bp-sSbpw Fdp-ºns‚bpw ag-Øp-≈n-bp-sSbpw a´p-am-‰ß ƒ F\n°v ]cn-io-en-∏n®p X∂ p'' ˛ k°-dnb tIm´pw jqkp-an´v ssSbpw sI´n FSp-Øm¬ s]m¥ mØ _mKpw apXp-In¬ Ib‰n ho´n¬ \n∂ v hml-\-Øn¬ Ibdn, kvIqƒ ]Sn-bn¬ Cd-ß p-∂ C∂ sØ Ip´n-Iƒ°v A\yw \n∂ p-t]m-Ip∂ A\p-`h-ß -fm-Wn-h. Cu coXn-tbm-Sp≈ \nß -fpsS kao-]\w hni-Z-am°n Hcp {]Xn-I-c-W-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°p-I. 95

4. ""-F-\n°v KZ-yw, ]Z-yw F∂ th¿Xn-cn-hn-√. hS-°≥ ]m´v hocyw X∂ n-´p-≠v. hS-°≥ ]m´p-ambp≈ _‘w hfsc sNdnb {]mb-Øn¬ Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. "tXm-‰-ß -fpw' "X-´-I"hpw hmkvX-hØn¬ ]mSn-bmWv Rms\-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≈-Xv'' (tIm-hn-e≥ Iebpw Pohn-Xhpw ˛ t]Pv ˛ 94 ) Xs‚ IrXn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ tImhn-es‚ A`n-{]m-b-am-Wn-Xv. "X-´-Iw' F∂ ]mT-`m-KsØ ASnÿ m-\-am°n `mjm-co-Xn-sb-∏‰n Hcp eLp-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°p-I. 5.

Im¿jnIhrØn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb tIc-f-Øns‚ Nn{X-ap≈ a‰p Ihn-X-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°pI sshtem-∏n-≈n-˛-]-S-bm-fn-Iƒ-˛-I-∂ n-s°mbvØv

{]`m-jWw * "" Rm≥ A{X kc-f-am-bn´v H∂ pw Fgp-Xn-bn-´n-√-t√m. Cu hmbn-°p-∂ -h\pw sNdp-Xm-bn-s´m∂ v A≤-z-m-\n-°-W-sa∂ Zpc-`n-{]mbw F\n-°p-≠v. hmb\ Cß s\ ]©-km-c-ap-´mbn Ign-°p∂ amXncn Ign-°m-\p-≈-X-√. Abmfpw kz-b-sam∂ v A≤-zm-\n-°-Ww. AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®mWv Rm≥ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈Xv'' (2006 \h-º¿ 19-˛-am-Xr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn-∏nse A`n-ap-J-Øn¬ \n∂ v) tImhn-es‚ a‰p-Ir-Xn-I-fp-sS(-tXm-‰-ß ƒ, Ggm-sa-S-ß ƒ, Xmgvhc-Iƒ, `c-X≥ XpS-ß n-b-h) ASnÿ m-\-Øn¬ tImhn-e≥ IrXn-I-fnse `mj-sb-°p-dn®v tImhn-e≥ A\p-kva-c-W-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Hcp {]`m-jWw Xøm-dm-°p-I) * Ime-Øns‚ Xnc-°n-´-t]m-°n¬ \Ω-fn¬ \n∂ \jvS-s∏-´p-t]mb ]e BNm-c-ß fpw Iem-cq-]ß -fp-ap-≠v. (D-Zm: ]pØ-cn, s\√v s]cp-°¬, tIfo-]m-{Xw, thS≥]m-´v, BSn-∏m-´v) Ah Ip´n-Iƒ {]mbw sN∂ -h-cn¬ \n∂ v At\-z-jn®v Is≠-Ø-s´.

A\p-_‘w sI.-k-®n-Zm-\-µ≥ ae-bm-f-Ønse Ihnbpw \mS-I-IrØpw KZ-y-Im-c-\p-am-Wv. Xriq-cnse sImSp-ß √q-cn¬ P\n-®p. Ch-s\-°q-Sn, hoSp-an‰w, ]oU-\-Im-ew, ae-bm-fw, Ihn-_p-≤≥, tZim-S-\w, A]q¿Æ w, k®n-Zm-\-µs‚ Ihn-X-Iƒ, XpS-ß nb Imh-y-Ir-Xn-Ifpw aplq¿Ø-ß ƒ, ]e-temIw ]e-Imew XpSß nb bm{Xm hnh-c-W-ß -fpw, Ihn-Xbpw P\-Xbpw F∂ KZ-y-Ir-Xn-bpw, Km‘n F∂ \mS-Ihpw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. tIcf kmln-Xy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Uv, HmS-°p-g¬ Ahm¿Uv XpSß n \nc-h[n ]pckvIm-c-ß ƒ e`n-®n-´p-≠v. \mh-cn-bm≥ h∂ hmfns\ hm°ns‚ teml-Zm¿V-y-Øn-se-Xn-cn´p \n∂ h tNmc \nemhn≥ angn-Iƒ Ie-°nb hoYn-bn¬ t_m[n-Iƒ \´p-\-\-®h

GtXm¿Ω F\n°p acn-°-W-sa≥ \m´n¬ Aen-b-W-sa-\n°p \nf-bpsS injvS-\o¿°-b-ß fn¬ F≥ hnc-ep-Iƒ Im‰mbv Xw_pcp hmbn-°s´ \n≥ ]\-I-fn¬ Np≠p apcfn apf-¶m-´n¬ F≥ sNhn-I-fn¬ apg-ß o-s´-b-hn-cmaw \n≥I-S-e-e-IƒX≥ \oebmw tIIm-chw F≥ angn-I-fn¬ 96

s\√n-∏q-°ƒX≥ \oem-Imiw F≥ \mkm-]p-S-ß -fn¬ IÆ n-amß X≥ aWw F≥ \mhn¬ hmg-tØ-\n≥ Nh¿∏pw a[p-chpw F≥ s\©n-se-gp-Ø-—≥ IØn® kZm-kq-c-y≥ F\n°p acn-°-W˛ sa≥ \m´n¬, ]s£ \m´n˛ se\n°p Pohn-°phm t\tXm¿Ω XpW-bm-Ipw'

˛

k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

tImhn-e-\p-am-bp≈ A`n-ap-J-Øn¬ \n∂ v •

lnam-ebw Xm¶sf Fß -s\-bmWv kzm-[o-\n-®Xv ?

lnam-e-b-Ønepw Np‰p-h-´Øpw Pohn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™Xv henb Imc-y-am-Wv. sFi-z-c-y-amb Hu∂ Z-yw, A`ua kuµ-cyw Fs∂ ms° ]d-bmw. inh-i-‡n-t_m-[hpw Imfn-Zm-k\pw a\- n¬ DW¿∂ n-´p≠v. XWp-∏n¬ Imep-I-fpsS ASn-bn¬ c‡w I√n® ]mSp-Iƒ Ct∏m-gp-ap-≠v. tUmIvSsd ImWn-®n-√. Ahn-S∂ v ]d-™-b-°p-at√m F∂ p Icp-Xn. C¥ -y-tbm-Sp≈ Fs‚ sshIm-cn-IX km£m-XvI-cn® \mfpI-fm-bn-cp∂ p AXv. "ln-am-e-bw' F∂ t\mh¬ cNn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™Xpw Hcp ku`m-K-y-am-Wv. lnam-eb-Øn¬ Imaw Cs√-∂ -Xm-hWw k\-ym-kn-am¿ AhnsS t]mIm≥ Imc-Ww. a™n¬ c‡-Øn-\p-≠mIp∂ Hcp {]tX-y-I-X-bm-h-Ww. C{µn-b-ß ƒ a™n¬ Dd-bp-∂ p. F\n°v Bflo-b-X-bpsS _ml-y-{]-I-S\-ß -fn¬ A∂ pw B`n-ap-Jyw D≠m-bn-cp-∂ n-√. • \ΩpsS t\mh¬ inev]-Øn-s\mcp Agn-®p-]-Wn-bm-bn-cp-∂ t√m "F ssa\kv _n'. Fgp-Xp-hm-\nS-bm-bXv Fß ns\ ? sNdp∏w sXmt´ hmb-\m-io-e-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. Fgp-Xm\pw s]mXpsh Xev]-c-\m-bn-cp-∂ p. ap∏Xp hb- m-b-t∏m-tg°pw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ I≠ amXr-I-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn´p Imc-y-an-s√∂ v Adn-bm≥ Ign-™p. Hcp ZrV-\n-›bw \S-Øn, ]q¿∆amXr-I-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-√. k¿∆o-kn¬ ]Ømw \º¿ Fw sk£-\n¬ sa°m-\n-°m-bn-cp∂ p Rm≥. AhnsS I≠dn™ \nc-h[n Imc-y-ß ƒ t\c-sØ-sbm∂ pw I≠-Xm-bn-cp∂ n-√. At∏mƒ Xocp-am-\n®p Fgp-X-Ww. CXn-\Iw bp≤-k-µ¿`-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ H´-\-h[n t\mhep-Iƒ Rm≥ hmbn-®n-cp-∂ p. slanMvth Dƒs∏-sS. c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤m-¥ -co-£-Øn¬ P¿Ω\nsb ]›m-Ø-e-am-°n-bp≈ FdnIv adnb dnam¿Ins‚ 'A time to love and a time to die' Iq´-Øn¬ Fs∂ BIp-e-\m-°nb cN-\-bm-bn-cp-∂ p. ]m›m-X-y-Ir-Xn-Iƒ hmbn-®-Xn-eqsS ae-bm-f-Øn¬ \n∂ p-hn-´p≈ ]e amXr-I-Ifpw I≠-dn-™p. CXpw sIm≠p \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ p. Ipsd-°m-ew. Ah-[n-°mew \m´nse-Øn. _jo¿ Ipsd ]pkvX-I-ß ƒ hmbn-°p-hm≥ D]-tZ-in-®p. sshIp-t∂ -c-ß -fn¬ hb¬h-c-ºneqsS \S-°p∂ ioe-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. Hcp Znhkw \S-Ø-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ t\mh-en-s\-°p-dn-®mbn Nn¥ . Xow D≈n-ep-≠v. ]pXnb Hcp BJ-ym-\-am-Wt√m th≠-Xv. Cµp-te-J-bv°p-tijw \ΩpsS t\mh¬ kmln-Xyw Nß e ]Wn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂ -t√m. \√ IrXn-Iƒ [mcmfw h∂ n-´p-s≠-¶nepw F√mw _tbm97

{K-^n-°¬ BWv. tXm´p-h-c-ºn¬ sh®v F\n°p tXm∂ n, Nß e hn´v F¥ p-sIm≠v Hcp he s\bvXpIq-Sm. h´-°-Æ n-bn¬ \n∂ v Np‰p-]m-Sn-te°p hnI-kn-°p∂ Hcp he. hoip-he Fdn-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]pg-bn¬ ]c∂ p hogpw. "F ssa\kv _n' irwJem cq]-Øn-ep≈ ae-bmf t\mh¬ inev]sØ he-t]mse-bp≈ kwK-Xn-bp-≠m-°n, inev]-]-c-amb km[q-I-c-Ww \S-Øn-b-Xmbn F\n°p tXm∂ n. t\mh¬ Fgp-Xn-b-]msS \ncq-]-I-cm-scbpw ImWn-®n-√. kplr-Øp-°ƒ hmbn®p Ign-™m¬ A®-Sn-°p-hm≥ sImSp-°p∂ ioew am{Xta F\n-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p-≈q. "F ssa\kv _n' Bcpw {i≤n-®n-s√-∂ -XmWv hmkvX-hw. • dn®v?

"X-´-I"-Øns‚ cN\ Xm¶-fpsS Pohn-X-Ønse hen-sbmcp kw`-h-am-W-t√m. B IrXn-sb-°p-

Fgp-]-sØm∂ mw hb- n-emWv Rm≥ "X-´-Iw' Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. XI-gn°v Ft∂ mSv henb Xmev]-cyam-Wv. At±lw I≠m-Wn-t»cnbn¬ h∂ n-´p-≠v. XI-gn-bpsS ]nip°v {]kn-≤-am-W-t√m. Fs∂ kw_‘n-®n-S-tØmfw XIgn Hcp [q¿Ø-\m-Wv. Imiv Nne-h-gn-°p-∂ -Xn¬ Hcp ]nip°pw ImWn-®-Xmbn A\p`-h-an-√. km\p-amjv {]kn-U-≠mb Imew, Hcp Bh-i-y-Øn\v Rm≥ kmln-Xy A°m-Z-an-bn¬ sN∂ p. A∂ v AhnsS Hcp A\p-kva-c-W-tbmKw \S-°p-∂ p-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. sN∂ -t∏mƒ XIgn lmfn-ep-≠v. Fs∂ XI-gn-bpsS Acn-In-en-cp-Øn, t£am-t\-z-j-W-ß ƒ°n-S-bn¬ XI-gn-bpsS tNmZ-yw. "A-\n-b\v hb-sk{X' "A-dp-]-sØ-´v' Rm≥ ]d-™p. "A-dp-]-sØ-´n-emWv Rm≥ Ib¿ Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. ' XIgn C{Xtb ]d™p-≈q. Rm≥ sR´n. A{Xbpw al-Ømb Hcp kq‡w F\n°p In´n-bn-cp-∂ n-√. Ft¥ m F\ns°mcp Du¿÷hpw hminbpw ssIh-∂ p. Fgp-]-sØm∂ mw hb-kn¬ "X-´-Iw' Fgp-Xn-b-t∏mƒ henb ku`m-K-y-amWv Rm≥ A\p-`-hn-®-Xv. Zo¿Lm-bp-kns‚ t\´-ß -fmWv bmZr-›n-I-X-I-fmWv "B-bncw bmZrivNnIX-I-fm-W¬ Ac-Po-hn-X-ambn ' F∂ mWv Rm≥ Xs∂ ]d-™p-≠m-°nb B]vX-hm-I-yw. hfsc apºp Xs∂ "X-´-Iw' F∂ n¬ cq]-s∏-´n-cp-∂ p. hn{`m-fl-I-amb A\p-`-h-ß ƒ [mcmfw s]m´n-®q-´p-Ifpw Icn-º-\-Ifpw a™-∏-Xn-‰-Snbpw Hs° \nd™p \n∂ Imew. \mbm´p sXmgn-emb Hcp apØ-∏-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. Aø-∏-°p-´n. {`m¥ p-]n-Sn-®-t∏mƒ Nß -e-°n-´p. A∂ p Ip´n-Isf t]Sn-∏n-°phm≥ apØ-∏s\ hnfn-°pw F∂ p ]d-bpw. Nne-t∏mƒ Nß e s]m´n®p \mbm´v Iqh-temsS Aedn \S°pw. _en-jvT-Im-b-\m-bn-cp-∂ p. Hcp k‘-ybv°v apØ-∏≥ ho´n-te°p h∂ p. AΩ Fs∂ -sb-SpØv AI-Øp-t]m-bn. apØ-∏≥ shSn-sh® ]∂ nsb At\-z-jn-s®-Øn-b-Xm-Wv. AΩ AXn-s\-sb-SpØv AI-Øp-t]m-sb∂ p IcpXn "A-hs‚ ]cn∏v Rms\-Sp-°pw' H®bpw hnfn-bpw. Aev]w Ign™v hmXn¬ Xpd-∂ p-t\m-°n-b-t∏mƒ apØ-∏-\n-√. bm{X, Ifw, `qXw, Hs° \nd™ temI-Øp-\n-∂ m-bn-cp∂ p X´Iw DW¿∂ p-h-∂ -Xv. ]´m-f-Øn-se-Øn-bn´pw Xd-hm-´p-Im-c-y-ß ƒ, I≠m-Wn-t»-cn, A\p-jvTm-\-ß ƒ H∂ pw ad-°m-\m-bn-√. I≠m-Wn-ivticn Hcp {]tX-yI ÿ e-am-Wv. Hcp IØn-IpØv Imc-y-am-sW-∂ p hnNm-cn°p-I. IpØn-b-hs‚ s]ß -tfm, AΩtbm at‰m Bbn-cn°pw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ hnjaw A\p-`-hn-°pIbpw ip{iq-jn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. hy-‡n-_-‘-Ønse ]mc-kv]-cyw Bg-ta-dn-b-Xm-Wv. "X-´-I"-Øn¬ h∂ -h-sc√mw ]gb Xe-ap-d-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂ p. hmsamgn kwkvIr-Xn-sb-bm-bn-cp∂ p apJ-y-ambpw B{i-bn-®Xv. AXp \nX-y-hr-Øn-tbmSv _‘-s∏-´-Xm-W-t√m. C\n-sbmcp ]Xn-\-©p-`m-K-ß ƒ IqSn Fgp-Xn-bm¬ am{Xta "X-´-Iw' ]q¿Øn-bm-hp-I-bp-≈q. AXn¬ ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-°mcpw hcpw. "]-Ømbw s]dpw N°n IpØpw AΩ acn-®p-t]m-bn' F∂ mWv XpS-°w. • "X-´-I"-Øn¬ \nd™p \n¬°p∂ tKm{X-kw-kvIr-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ B`n-ap-J-y-sØ-°p-dn®v H∂ p hniZo-I-cn-°mtam ? P\-ß -fpsS Iq´mb PohnXw Xs∂ -bmWv {][m-\w. BZn-a-P-\-X-bmcv F∂ -Xn-\-∏pdw kwL-SnX t_m[-amWv {i≤n-t°-≠-Xv. tKm{X kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS G‰hpw henb {]tX-y-IX AXm-Wv. "X-´-I"Ønepw "tXm-‰"-ß -fnepw Rm\Xp hy-‡-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. am¿tI-kn-t\mSv F\n°p IS-∏m-Sp≠v. em‰n-\-ta-cn-°≥ IrXn-Iƒ hmbn-°p-tºmƒ kz¥ w X´-IØn-te°p aS-ß m≥ tXm∂ m-dp-≠v. A\pjvTm-\-ß fpw BNm-c-ß fpw kzo-I-cn-°p-∂ -Xn¬ Hcp sX‰p-an-√. \ΩpsS Ipg¬ hmZ-y-ß fpw ‰pw tKm{Xt_m-[-Øns‚ AKm-[-X-I-fn¬ \n∂ p-W¿∂ p hcp-∂ -Xm-Wv. apØ-∏\pw a‰p \m´p-ssZ-h-ß fpw Hs° Cu 98

t_m[-Øn¬ \n∂ mWv hcp-∂ -Xv. k¥ mƒ kaq-l-Ønepw \Ωp-tS-Xp-t]mse tKm{X BtLm-j-ß ƒ D≠v. Ah-cpsS kwKoXw sN≠ t]mse-bp-≈-Xpw(-]-d-s®-≠) Ipg-ep-I-fp-am-Wv. Ipg¬hnfn Icƒ ]dns®-Sp-°p∂ i_vZw t]mse tXm∂ pw. \jvS-ku-`m-K-y-ß -sf-°p-dn-t®m¿Øp≈ Ic-®n¬. CXv BZ-ysØ cmK-am-Wv. X°S Xcn-InS F∂ mWp \ap-°v. Hcp hn[w ]d-b-hm-Z-y-amWv Ah-cp-tS-Xv. "X≠pw ]n≠pw XmWn° ]n≠pw' Fs∂ mcp CuWw. thZ-\-tbm-sS-bp≈ `mhw BtLm-j-am-hp-∂ p. {]uVn-bn¬ Pohn® Hcp P\X amdn-a-dn™p hcp-∂ p. Irjn-bn¬ Fs¥ -¶nepw sNøp∂ Hcm-fp-s≠-¶n¬ ]pe-b≥ BWn-hn-sS. ]pe¿Øp-∂ -h¿ F∂ mWv ]pe-b≥/]pe-h≥ F∂ -Xns‚ s]mcpƒ. Ch-cpsS ⁄m\w Hs° F{X A\m-bm-tk-\-bmWv kabw ImWp-∂ -Xv. {_m“-Wm-[n-]-Xyw h∂ -t∏mƒ ]pe-b-cpsS A[n-Imcw \jvS-s∏-´p. ]SsØ shdpw Iqen-]-Wn-°m-cmbn Ah¿. XI-gn-bpsS t\mh-en¬ ImWp-∂ , hc-ºØv amSw sI´n Xma-kn-°p∂ Bƒ°m-cmbn Ah¿ amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂ p. • "tXm-‰-ß -fn'sebpw "X-´-I'Ønsebpw `mj-bn¬ hS-°≥ ]m´p-I-fpsS {]I-S-amb kzm-[o-\-ap-≠t√m....? F\n°p KZyw ]Zyw th¿Xn-cnhv C√. hS-°≥ ]m´v hocyw X∂ n-´p-≠v. ]s£ Hcp \mev]Ø©p h¿j-tØmfw AXp Xosc ]b-‰m-\m-bn-√. ]´mfw Xnc-°p-I-fpsS temI-am-bn-cp-∂ p. Hcp IY-sbgp-Xm≥ t]mepw kmh-Imiw In´mØ Ah-ÿ -bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. C°m-eØv sdbn¬th tÃj≥ πm‰pt^m-d-Øn¬ Ccp-∂ p IY-sb-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. A∂ v Iem-`n-cp-Nn-I-sfm∂ pw tN¿°m-\m-bn-√. hS-°≥ ]m´pam-bp≈ _‘w hfsc sNdnb {]mb-Øn¬ Xs∂ -bp-≠m-bn.

99

Im°-\m-Ss‚ "H-tdm-X'bn¬ \n∂ v sNtº-cn-∏p-g-bpsS XocØp Rß ƒ Ccp-∂ p. Htdm-Xsb Hm¿Ø-t∏mƒ Rß ƒ Ic-™p. Htdm-Xsb Hm¿Øm¬ Ic-bm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. Htdm-Xsb Hm¿°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ A{X-tØmfw IqSn Bhn-√. Rß -fpsS Nmc-ØqsS sNtº-cn-∏pg Hgp-Ip-∂ p-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. \nd-s™m-gp-Ip∂ ]pg-bpsS Xocß -fn¬ hnf-`q-an-I-fpsS kar≤n ]®-\n-d-Øn¬ sImgp-Øp-\n-∂ p. hnf-`q-an-Iƒ°-∏p-dØv C∂ pw h\-y-ar-Kß ƒ ta™p \S-°p∂ sImSpw-ImSv ae-I-fn¬ ad™p InS-∂ p. Rß ƒ°p Np‰nepw ASp-°-Sp-°mbn sI´n-sh-®-am-Xncn ae-\n-c-Iƒ Nqgv∂ p-\n-∂ p. ]pg-h-°sØ kar-≤n-bpsS ]®-bn¬ a\p-j-ym-≤-zm-\-Øns‚ i‡hpw Zo¿Lhpw kw`-h-_-lp-e-hp-amb Hcp Ncn{Xw Hfn™p InS-∂ n-cp-∂ p. B Ncn-{X-Øns‚ XmfpI-fn¬ Fhn-S-sbm-s°tbm Htdm-X sXfn™p \n∂ n-cp-∂ p. ]pg-h-°sØ Hmtcm ]®-Ø-e∏pw Hmtcm ]p¬s°m-Sn-Øpºpw Htdm-XbpsS Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-I-fm-sW∂ v Hm¿Ø-t∏mƒ Rß ƒ ho≠pw Ic-™p. sNtº-cn-∏p-g-bpsS Xoc-{]-tZ-i-ß -fn-ep≈ {Kma-ß -sfms° C∂ p kar-≤n-bp-sSbpw kº-Øns‚bpw B´-°-f-ß -fmWv. \qdpw Ccp-∂ qdpw ta\n ^ew Xcp∂ Irjn-`q-an-I-fm-Wv. {Kma-ß -fpsS Xe-ÿ m-\-amb tNtºcn F∂ {Kmaw C∂ v Hcp sNdnb ]´Ww t]mep-am-Wv. sNtº-cn-bn¬ ]≈n-bp-≠v, ]≈n-°q-S-ap-≠v, Bip-]-{Xn-bp-≠v, Iºn-Ø-]m-em-^o-kp-≠v, sSent^m-Wp-≠v, IS-I-tºm-f-ß -fp-≠v, aZ-y-im-e-I-fp-≠v, s]cp-∂ -fp-I-fp-≠v, D’ -h-ß -fp-≠v, A`-ykvXhnZ-y-cmb˛ £an-°Ww sX‰n, tImtf-Pn¬ t]mbn-h∂ sNdp-∏-°m-cp-≠v, ln∏n-I-fp-≠v, ]m›m-X-ykwKo-X-ap-≠v, sblq-Zn-sa-\p-ln-\p-≠v, chn-i-¶-dp-≠v, Djm-D-Xp-∏p-≠v, A∫m-bp-≠v, t_mWn Fw D≠v, I©m-hp-≠v, _ p-≠v. Imdp-≠v, temdn-bp-≠v, Imf-h-≠n-bp-≠v, apX-em-fn-am-cp-≠v, duUn-I-fp-≠v, thi-y-I-fp-≠v, ]nºpI-fp-≠v, t]m°-‰-Sn-°m-cp-≠v, ]nSn-®p-]-dn-°m-cp-≠v, I≈-hm-‰p-Im-cp-≠v, F¥ n-\v, B[p-\nI kwkvIm-cØns‚ a\p-j-ys‚ kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb hf¿®-bpsS F√m apJ-ß -fp-ap-≠v. sdbn¬th-tÃ-j\pw hnam-\Øm-h-fhpw Fº-b¿ tÉv _n¬UnwKpw IqSn h∂ m¬ sNtºcn \yq-tbm¿°m-hpw. sXwkv \Zn H∂ p I\n™w Cu hgn Hgp-In-bm¬ sNtºcn e≠-\m-hpw. eqhv¿ ]mekv A∏msS s]m°n-sb-SpØv B ]≈n-°q-S-Øn-\-SpØv Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw ÿ m]n-®m¬ sNtºcn ]mco-km-hpw. sdUv kvIz-bdpw s{Iwen≥ sIm´m-chpw Ds≠-¶n¬ tamkvtIm-bm-hpw. Pm∏m-\okv `mj ]d™v sKbvjm s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ Np‰n-\-S∂ m¬ tSm°ntbm Bhpw. F¥ n-\v, temI-Ønse G‰hpw ]cn-jvIr-X-amb \K-c-ß fpw sNtº-cnbpw XΩn-ep≈ Zqcw hfsc \n m-c-am-sW∂ p kmcw. ASp-Ø-Im-eØv sNtºcn kµ¿in® Hcp kmbn-∏v, sNtº-cn-bn¬ kµ¿i-I-cpsS A`n-{]mbw tcJ-s∏- Sp-Øm-\p≈ \mƒhgn ]pkvX Iw kq£n-® n-´n-√m-b vI-b m¬ Cw•ojv hm°p-I-f n¬ kz¥ w i_vZØn¬ C{]-Imcw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. ""-\n-ß -fpsS sNtºcn AXn-a-t\m-l-c-am-Wv, Rm≥ Cu ÿ e-hpambn t{]a-Øn-em-Wv. F\n-°n-hnsS Pohn-°m≥ Ign-™n-cp-s∂ -¶n¬ F∂ p Rm≥ Bin-°p-∂ p'' ]d™Xv kmbn-∏m-sW-t∂ m¿°p-tºmƒ \ap-°v, C¥ -y-°m¿°v, Imc-y-Øns‚ Kuc-hhpw {]m[m-\-yhpw hmkvXhn-I-Xbpw Gsd-°psd t_m≤-y-am-hp-a-t√m. Imc-Ww, kmbn∏v kmbn-∏m-sW-∂ Xp Xs∂ . sNtºcn Npcp-°-Øn¬, Hcp ]cn-jvIrX {]tZ-i-am-Wv. CXv sNtº-cn-bpsS C∂ sØ apJw, apºp IY Cß -s\-bm-bn-cp-∂ n-√. A∂ v sNtº-cn°v Hcp apJw Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cp-∂ n-√. sNtºcn {]tZ-iØp a\p-j-y-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ n-√. Irjn-`q-an-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂ n-√. IS-I-tºm-f-ß tfm \nc-Øp-Itfm D≠m-bn-cp-∂ n-√. sNtº-cn-bpsS ]c-kc {]tZ-i-ß ƒ ImSm-bncp-∂ p. aqS¬a-™ns‚ ]pX-∏n≥Io-gn¬ ae-I-fpsS ASn-hm-c-Øn¬, ]pg-bpsS Xoc-{]-tZ-i-ß -fn¬, h\-y-arK-ß ƒ Cc-tXSn Ae™p\S-∂ n-cp∂ sImSpw-Im-Sv, sNtº-cn, Im´n-te-°p≈ {][m\ Ihm-S-hpw. A∂ v Ctß m´p IS-∂ p-h-cm≥ a\p-j-y≥ `b-s∏-´n-cp-∂ p. ]cn-jvImcw `b-s∏-´n-cp-∂ p. ssZh-ß ƒt]mepw `bs∏-´n-cp-∂ p. As√-¶n¬ Aº-e-ß tfm ]≈n-Itfm F¶nepw D≠m-hp-am-bn-cp-∂ t-√m ]n∂ oSv a\p-j-y¿ IS-∂ p-h-∂ n-´pw, Ah¿ h\-y-ar-K-ß -tfmSpw hg-ß mØ aÆ n-t\mSpw h\-hr-£ß -tfmSpw a√n-´v, ChnsS Xº-Sn®p Ign-™n´pw hfsc Ime-tØ°v sNtº-cn-bn-te°p IS-∂ -ph-cm≥ 100

ssZh-ß fpw ]cn-jvIm-chpw aSn-®p-\n-∂ n-cp-∂ p. A∂ v sNtº-cn-hm-kn-Iƒ km[-\-ß ƒ hmß m\pw ssZhß sf I≠p sXmgpXp k¶Sw DW¿Øn-°m\pw Xfn-∏-dºp hsc bm{X sNbvXn-cp-∂ p. sNtº-cnbnse Ip´n-Iƒ ]Tn-°m≥ th≠n {ioI-WvTm-]p-chpw Xfn-∏-dºpw hsc Im¬\-S-bmbn k©-cn-®n-cp-∂ p. AXn\p tijw {Ita-W-bmWv sNtº-cn-bnse IpSn-tb-‰-°m¿ ssZh-ß sf sIm≠p h∂ v sNtº-cn-bn¬ IpSn-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw ]cn-jvImcw sIm≠p-h∂ v sNtº-cnbn¬ te]\w sNøp-I-bp-ap-≠m-b-Xv. Aß -s\, sNtºcn {]tZ-i-ß -fp-sS, t]mb Ipsd Zi-I-ß -fn-se, hf¿®-bpsS Ncn-{Xw, Hcp henb am‰-Øns‚, As√-¶n¬ At\Iw am‰-ß -fpsS Hcp CXn-lm-k-am-Wv, Cu CXn-lmkw H´-\-h[n Xym-K-ß -fp-sS, H´-\-h[n ka-c-ß -fp-sS, H´-\-h[n kvt\l-ß -fp-sS, H´-\-h[n kv]¿≤-I-fp-sS, H´-\-h[n Zp:-J-ß -fp-sS, H´-\-h[n kwL-´-\-ß -fp-sS, H´-\-h[n th¿]m-Sp-I-fpsS hnIm-c-km-{µ-amb \nc-h[n sIm®psIm®p IY-Iƒ sIm≠p \nd™p hnXp-ºp-∂ p. Cu IY-Iƒ°v F°m-ehpw km£yw hln-®Xv h¿jIm-eØp ]≈-ho¿Øp ]q¿W-K¿`n-Wn-bmbpw th\-en¬ hc≠ aW-ens‚ Rc-ºp-Iƒam-Xn-cn-bp≈ t\¿Ø sXfn-\n¿®m-ep-I-fmbpw Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ sNtº-cn-∏pg am{X-am-Wv. sNtº-cn-∏p-g-h-°Øn-cp-∂ v, Xoc-ß -fnse ]®-bpsS kar-≤nbpw AXn-\-∏p-dsØ Iq‰≥ ae-\n-c-I-fpsS `oI-c-Xbpw \nco£n-°p-∂ -Xn-\n-S-bn¬ Rß ƒ B ]gb IY-Iƒ Ab-hn-d-°n. At∏mƒ B IY-I-fn¬ \n∂ v HtdmX Cdß n h∂ p. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ -bmWv sNtº-cn-∏p-g-bpsS Xoc-Øn-cp-∂ v, Htdm-Xsb Hm¿Øp Rß ƒ Ic™-Xv. HtdmX Zp:-J-am-bn-cp-∂ p. HtdmX Xym-K-am-bn-cp-∂ p. HtdmX Icp-Øm-bn-cp-∂ p. Pohn®ncn-s°Øs∂ HtdmX Hcp sFXn-l-y-am-bn-cp-∂ p. Htdm-Xsb Hm¿Øm¬ Ic-bm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-hn-√. IqSn Bhn-√.

Htdm-Xsb Hm¿°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ A{X-tØmfw

hcbpw hmb-\bpw B¿´nÃv \ºq-Xn-cn-bp-am-bp≈ A`n-apJw F≥. ]n. hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥ hc-bv°pI F∂ -XmWv Nn{X-Im-cs‚ Iem-[¿Ω-Øn\pw {]tbm-K-Øn\pw ]d-bp∂ t]cv. Nn{Xw hc-bv°m-\p-≈-Xm-Wv. B\p-Im-enI {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß ƒ A[n-I-am-b-tXmsS Fgp-Øn\v Ae-¶m-c-ambpw ]n∂ oSv A\n-hm-cy-ambpw Nn-{X-ß ƒ amdn. Nn{XsØ Fgp-Øn\v Xpeyhpw ]e-t∏mgpw AXn-\-∏p-d-hpam°n Db¿Øn \n¿Øn \ºq-Xn-cn. sI. kn. Fkv. ]Wn-°-cpsS injy≥. Icp-hm´v hmkp-tZ-h≥ \ºqXncn B¿SnÃv \ºq-Xn-cn-bmbn t]sc-Sp-Ø-Xn\p ]n∂ n¬ ae-bm-f-Ønse k¿Km-flI IrXn-Iƒ°v Ce-kvt{S-j≥ \n¿∆-ln-®-Xns‚ Iem- -k-]cybp≠v. IYbv°pw t\mh-en\pw hc®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂ p \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS XpS-°w. Nn{Xw hc Hcp tPmenbmbn ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ \ºq-Xncn {ian-®n-√. I√nepw aÆ nepw ac-Ønepw temI-Ønepw Xs‚ in¬] ssh`hw At±lw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p XnI™ in¬]-ssh-`-h-ap-s≠-¶nepw \ºq-Xncnbnse Nn{X-Imc-s\-bmWv ae-bmfn Adn-™-Xv. hc-bpsS A≥]-Xp-sIm-√-Øn-\n-S-b°v \ºq-Xncn hmbn® IY-Ifpw t\mh-ep-Ifpw \ºq-Xncn`mj-bn¬ Akw-Jyw. ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øns‚ A≥]-Xp-sIm-√sØ hf¿®bv°v km£n-Iq-Sn-bmWv At±-lw. hc-bv°m≥ th≠n hmbn® IrXn-I-tfbpw Fgp-Øp-Im-tcbpw hne-bn-cpØp-I-bmWv \ºq-Xncn Cu h¿Ø-am-\-Øn¬. 101

• Nn{Xw hc-bv°m-\mbn \ºq-Xncn hmbn-°p-∂ p. hmb-\-bv°p-tijw hc-bv°p-∂ p. hmb-\-bv°n-Sbn¬ Nn{Xw cq]-s∏-Sptam? B aplq¿Øw Fß -s\-bm-Wv? hmb-\-bv°n-S-bn¬ Hcp {]tXyI \nan-j-Øn¬ Hcp `mhw hcpw. IY-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ H∂ v. A_vkv{SmIvSv BW-Xv. IYm-]m-{X-Øns‚ `mhw, \n¬]v F√mw sXfn-bpw. IY-bn¬ \n›-e-ambn tXm∂ p∂ H∂ ns\ Ne-\m-fl-I-am-°p-I-bmWv Nn{X-Øn-eqsS sNøp-I. IY-hm-bn-°m\ncn°ptºmƒ AXv hc-bv°m-\p≈XmWv F∂ t_m[w \ap°pw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. F¶nte IYm-`mhw Nn{Xambn hcn-I-bp-≈q. apJØv am{X-a√ Nn{X-Øns‚ `mhw th≠-Xv. kmwtKm-]mwKw F∂ p ]d-bmw. Nn{XØns‚ ]cn-kcw hsc {][m-\-am-Wv. Ne\m-fl-IX krjvSn-°-emWv Ie. hc-bvt°≠ Nn{X-Øns‚ Ne-\-sØ-]‰n IY-hm-bn-°p-tºmtg cq]w hcm-dp-≠v. H∏w \ΩpsS Hcp `mh-\bpw {]h¿Øn-°pw. NneIq-´n-t®¿°-ep-Iƒ \S-Øm≥ tXm∂ pw. AXv Bkz-Zn®p hc°p∂ -hbvt° ]‰q. hn. sI. F≥. IY-I-fnemWv Cu km[yX A[nIw {]tbm-P\s∏-Sp-Ønbn´p-≈-Xv. hn. sI. F≥. Fgp-Ø-n¬ sIm≠p-h-cmØXv Nn{XØn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm≥ Ign-bpw. Nne kv{Xo IYm-]m-{X-ß -fpsS {]tXy-In®pw B apJ-`m-hsams° Aß s\ Iq´n-t®¿°m≥ kzmX-¥ y-ap≈ Fgp-Øm-bn-cn°pw hn. sI. F∂ n-t‚-Xv. • Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚bp≈nepw Hcp Zriy-t_m[w D≠m-hp-at√m? \ºq-Xncn hmbn-°p-tºmƒ CXns\ as‰m-∂ mbn ImWp∂ p F∂ mtWm? Ah¿ ImWp-∂ p-≠v. hn. sI. F≥. Fw. Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-b¿, H. hn. hnP-b≥, kn. hn. {iocma≥, ]p\-Øn¬ Ip™-_vZp≈ Ch-cpsS Fgp-Øn-emWv Cu Zriy-t_m[w A[nIw I≠n-´p-≈-Xv. ImgvNbn-√mØ Fgp-Øp-Iƒ°pw hc-®n-´p-≠v. Ah¿°v hm°p-I-fmWv {]-[m-\w. ]d-™-Xn-\-∏pdw Hcp am\-an√. Aß n-s\-bp≈ Fgp-Øn\v hcbv°p-tºmƒ hc-bnse Bkzm-Z\w km[n-°n-√. • hc-bn¬ `mhw krjvSn°p-∂ -Xn-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-™ lyqa¿ hcp∂ IYm-]m-{X-am-sW-¶n¬ Fß s\-bmWv `mhw \¬I¬.? cq]-Øn¬ lyqa¿ D≠m-°mw. aqhvsa‚nepw D≠m-°mw. hn. sI. F∂ ns‚ Hcp IY-bn¬ h°oemb Hcp kzman hcp-∂ p-≠v. C‚-en-P‚mb ]´-∑m-cp-≠t√m h°o-e-∑m-cm-bn-´v. Ahsc ImWp-tºmƒ \ap°v tXm∂ p∂ hne-bn-cp-ج D≠-t√m. AXv Nn{X-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cmw. {]tXy-In®pw apJsØm-s°-bp≈ Nne-k{º-Zm-b-ß ƒ Ah-cpsS `mhlm-hm-Zn-Iƒ Nn{XsØ Ne-\m-flIam-°pw. •

IYm-Ir-Øns\ Nn{X-Im-c≥ ]qcn-∏n-°p∂ p F∂ p ]d-bmtam?

]qcn-∏n-°-e-√. thsdmcp am\w As√-¶n¬ hymJym\w D≠m-°-em-W-Xv. B Fgp-Øn\v Nn{XØns‚ `mjy-wsIm-Sp-°pI F∂ -XmWv Fs‚ coXn. IYbv°v hc-bv°p-I-b√ IYbv°v hnjz-emb hymJym\w \¬I-em-W-Xv. AXv IYm-Im-cs‚ hymJym-\-a-√. \ap-°p-≠m-bn-´p≈ Bkzm-Z\w F∂ p]dbmw. (F-\n-°v F∂ v ]d-bp-hm≥ aSn-bp≠v AXp-sIm-≠mWv \ap°v F∂ p]-d-bp-∂ -Xv) Nn{XImcs‚ Bkzm-Z-\-amWv Nn{X-Øn-eqsS ImtW-≠-Xv. AXmWv kw`-hn-°p-∂ -Xpw. Nne-t∏mƒ IY-bn¬ ]d-bp∂ hkvXp-X-I-sfm∂ pw hc-bv°p-tºmƒ Hm¿°n-√. {]k-‡-a√ F∂ p-tXm-∂ n-bm¬ hn´p-I-f-bpw. IdpØ j¿´m-Wn-´n-cn-°p-∂ Xv F∂ v IY-bn-ep-≠m-hpw. hc-bn¬ IdpØ j¿´v BI-W-sa∂ n√. ]e-I-Y-I-fnepw hkvXp-X-Iƒ D≠m-hn-√. thj-sØ-∏-‰n-sbm∂ pw ]d-bn-√. Bfp-I-fpsS kz`mhw ]›m-Øew Ch-sbm∂ pw IY-bn¬ ImWn-√. ÿ e-Im-e-ß tf D≠m-hn-√ F∂ ¿∞ w. AXv Nn{X-I-mc≥ krjvSn-°p-I-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ Nn{Xo-I-cWw F∂ Xv B IY Cß -s\-bp-amhmw F∂ hymJym-\-am-Wv. • \ºq-Xncn Fgp-Øn-s\, Nn{Xw sIm≠v am‰n-F-gp-Xp-∂ p. Ce-kvt{S-j≥ ChnsS \tc-j-\mbn amdp∂ p At√? hmbn-®p-≠mb \tc-j≥ Xs∂ AXn-\mWv {ian-°m-dv. • IYbv°pw t\mh-en\pw hc-bv°p-tºmƒ c≠v am\-kn-Imhÿ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sm-dpt≠m? t\mhen¬ IYm-]m-{X-ß sf Bh¿Øn-®p-h-c-bvt°≠n hcp-at√m? Aß n-s\-sbm-∂ p-an-√. hn. sI. F≥. IY-Iƒ°pw t\mh-ep-Iƒ°pw hc-bv°p-tºmƒ Cu hyXymkan-√mbva A\p-`-h-s∏-Spw. ]e hn.-sI. F≥. IY-I-fnepw Iymc-IvS¿ H∂ p-X-s∂ -bm-hpw. hn. sI. 102

F≥. Dt±-in® Hcmƒ AXn-ep-≠m-hpw. ssS∏v IYm-]m-{X-ß ƒ, \mWphpw shfn-®-∏m-Sp-sam-s°-Øs∂ bmWv cma≥\-ºq-Xn-cn-bm-bn´v hcn-I. Bfp-Isf Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂ -Xn¬ hn. sI. F∂ n\pw anSp-°p-≠v. Nne-I-Ym-]m-{X-ß -fpsS kn¬_-‘n-Ifmbn hcp-∂ -hsc ]e IY-I-fnepw \Ωƒ I≠p-ap-´n-bn-´p-≠m-Ipw. • Hcmƒ Xs∂ ]e-cmbn ]I¿∂ m-Sp∂ ]m{Xß fn¬ F∂ mtWm Dt±in-°p-∂ Xv?

]I¿∂ m-´-Øn‚ coXn-bmWv hn. sI. F≥. IYm-

Aß -s\-Ø-s∂ . IYm-]m-{X-ß -fpsS kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn®pw \Ωƒ Adn-b-Ww. \ºq-Xn-cnbpw kn¬_-‘nbpw Hcp hgn°v t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. Xr»q-sc-Øn-b-t∏mƒ \ºq-Xncn Imcy-ÿ -t\mSv ]d-™p. D®ym-bn. Rm≥ {_m“kzw aT-Øn¬ DÆ m≥ t]mhzmWv. Xm≥ Hcp Imcyw sNøzm. B Ce™nØ-dbv°¬ tafw tI´vcv°ym. CXv hn. sI. F≥. IY-bnse Hcp kznt‰z-j-\m-Wv. Xr»q-cns‚ Nn{Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw apgp-h≥ Cu Ub-tem-Kn¬ h∂ p. H∏w \ºq-Xncn Iƒ®-dpw. CXv ae-bm-f-Øn¬ hn. sI. F∂ n-\p-am-{Xta km[n-°q. hn. sI. tKmhn-µ≥ \mb-cpsS {]kn-≤-amb hmI-Nm¿Øn\p h√-hÆ hpw F∂ p XpS-ß p∂ t«mIw sNm√n Kpcp-hm-bq-c-º-e-Øn¬ {]Z£nWw shbv°p∂ Hcmsf Hc-¥ co-£sØ krjvSn-°m≥ hn. sI. F∂ nt\ Ign-bq. •

hn. sI. F∂ ns‚ Nne-I-Ym-]m-{X-ß ƒ Im¿´q-Wn\pw hg-ß nt√?

tIc-fo-b¿°v Im¿´q-Wn-s\m-∏-ap≈ Xam-i-bmWv {][m-\w. Nn{X-Ønse Xam-i-b-√. Fgp-Ønse-¶n- ¬ lmky- an- √. Nn{Xw Xs∂ Im¿´q-Wm- hp∂ Ahÿ -bp-≠v. Nne¿°v Im¿´q-Wn-s\m∏w hfscb[nIw Fgp-Xn-∏n-Sn-∏n-°-Ww. Hcp JfinIsbms° hnh-cWw D≠m-hp-∂ Xv Im¿´q-W-√. ae-bmf-Øn¬ tKm]o-Ir-jvW\mWv hc-bnepw FgpØnepw anXXzw ]men-°p-∂ -Xv. aZ\n ap°sØ Bkv]{Xncn-bn¬ \n∂ v aSß n F∂ v hm¿Ø. tImSn-tb-cnbpw t]meokv Hm^o-kdpw π°m¿Un¬ MUKKAM ap°mw F∂ v Im¿´q-Wn-Ãns‚ Ia‚pw. Cu anX-Xz-amWv tKm]o-IrjvWs\ thdn´p \n¿-Øp-∂ -Xv. • hn. sI. F∂ ns‚ ]nXm-a-l≥, A[n-Imcw F∂ o t\mh-ep-Iƒ°v c≠p-Im-e-ß -fn-embn \ºqXncn hc-®p. H∂ n¬ Ncn-{Xhpw as‰m-∂ n¬ cmjv{Sobhpw {]ta-b-am-hp-∂ p. Ch c≠pw A\m-bmkw ^en∏n-°m≥ hn. sI. F∂ n\p km[n-®p. AXns‚ hc-b-\p-`-h-ß ƒ ]dbq? hn. sI. F∂ ns‚ Db¿∂ lmkyw c≠nepw D≠v. ]nXm-a-l-\n¬ kw`-hn-°m-hp-∂ -kw-K-Xn-IfmWv lmky-am-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-tSbpw am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ -I-sfms° hcbv°v hg-ß p-∂ -Xm-Wv. ]e-t∏mgpw hn. sI. F≥. Xs∂ t\mh-en¬ hcp-∂ -Xmbn tXm∂ pw. Hcp-Xcw \mb-I-ÿ m\w k¿NmØp F∂ IYm-]m{Xw Xs∂ ]e¿ tN¿∂ -Xm-Wv. B ImeØv Pohn-®-h-cp-sS-sbm-°tbm Awi-ß ƒ NmØphn¬ ImWmw. ]e IYm-]m-{X-ß -fnepw Ipd-s®ms° hn. sI. F≥. D≠v F∂ p tXm∂ n-∏n-°pw. Nne-IYm-]m-{X-ß -sfs°m≠v NneXv sNøn-°p-∂ Xv hn. sI. F≥. Xs∂ -bm-Wv. •

cmjv{Sob t\mh-ep-I-fnepw hn. sI. F≥. km∂ n[yw A\p-`-h-s∏-´n-´pt≠m? s]mfn‰n-Ivkns\ Ifn-bm-°n, AXnse A]m-I-ß sf hna¿in-°p-I-bmWv "A[n-Im-c-Øn¬'

•

A[n-Im-c-tØ-°mƒ "Im-hn-'bn-et√ CXp-h-cp-∂ Xv?

"Imhn' Rm≥ hmbn-®n-´n-√. hn. sI. F∂ n\p s]mfn-‰nIvkv a\-]m-T-am-Wv. Im¿´q-Wn-Ãp-Iƒ°pw cmjv{Sob-a-\- p-≠m-h-Ww. Ah-tc-°mƒ ap¥ nb sk≥kn-emWv hn. sI. F≥. Fgp-XpI. temI-ho-£W-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ p At±-l-Øn-\v. GXp-Im-cy-Ønepw˛ AXv IY-I-fn-bm-h-s´, sS∂ o-km-I-s´, ae-bm-f-I-hnX-bm-I-s´, cmjv{So-b-am-I-s´-˛-A-]vSp-tU-‰m-bn-cp-∂ p. Fgp-Øn¬ ap≥Im-gvN. {Im¥ -Z¿inXzw CsX√mw D≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. • hn. sI. F∂ ns‚ Fgp-Øn-\p-h-c-®-Xn-\p-a-∏pdw \ºq-Xn-cn-bn¬ Hcp hn. sI. F≥. \ncq-]-I\pw D≠t√m? Fs‚ hc-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn Rm≥ hn. sI. F∂ ns\ Bh¿Øn-°m-dp-≠v. Rm≥ BkzZn®p hc-®Xpw Fs∂ BI¿jn-®Xpw hn. sI. F≥. IY-I-fm-Wv. B \nebv°v hn. sI. F≥. kmlnXy-sØ-∏‰n F\n-s°mcp [mc-W-bp-≠v. At±lw ip`m]vXn hnizmknbmbn-cp-∂ p. t\cpw \\-abpw 103

]pe-cp∂ Hcp temI-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ kz]v\w At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv sIm≈-cp-Xmbva-Isf kZm FXn¿Ø-Xv. \√ \mtf-°p≈ ip`m]vXn ]e IY-I-fnepw ImWmw. "A∂ w' F∂ IYbn¬ ]´n-Wn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥ -I-fp-≠v. hyh-ÿ nXn amdm-Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ hnem]w IqSn-bm-Wv B IY-bn¬ tIƒ°p-∂ -Xv. lmkyØn¬ Xs∂ hn. sI. F∂ ns‚ Db¿∂ ^ntem-k^n {]h¿Øn°p-∂ p-≠v. kaq-lsØ Ifn-bm-°p-t∂ msS `mcw Hgn™p Fs∂ mcp kao-]-\-am-bn-cp-∂ n√ hn. sI. F∂ nt‚Xv. Im¿´q-Wn-Ãp-Iƒ ip`m]vXn hnizmkw e£yw sh°m-\m-hn-√. hn. sI. F≥. IrXn-Iƒ {i≤n-®m¬ At±lw ]pe¿Øn-bncp∂ am\-hn-I-Xm-t_m[w IrXy-ambpw t_m[y-s∏-Spw. Cu am\hnIXbmWv Fs∂ BI¿jn-®-Xv. • bYm¿∞ -Øn¬ hn. sI. F≥. lmky-amtWm Fgp-Xn-bXv? Kuc-h-km-ln-Xy-at√? ae-bm-f-Ønse Kuc-h-km-ln-Xy-Im-c-\mbncp-∂ nt√ hn. sI. F≥? AXp-X-s∂ -bmWv ]d-tb-≠-Xv. NmIym¿ ^en-X-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bmbmWv hn. sI. F∂ n-t‚-Xv. Fs∂ m-s°-bp≈ ]T-\-ß ƒ h∂ n-´p-≠v. AXv icn-bm-sW∂ p tXm∂ p-∂ n√. AXn\pw F{Xtbm A∏pd-tØ°v hn. sI. F≥. Db¿∂ n-´p-≠v. hn. sI. F≥. kmlnXyw th≠ hn[w ]Tn-°-s∏-´n-√. F∂ v ]et∏mgpw tXm∂ n-bn-´p-≠v. ae-bm-fn°v hn. sI. F∂ ns\ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-√. • hn. sI. F∂ ns‚ kv{Xo Nn{Xo-I-cWw hfsc sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. hn. sI. F≥. IY-I-fnse kv{XoIsf hc® \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS A`n-{]mbw F¥ m-Wv? kv{XoXz-tØm-Sp≈ am\yX D≈n¬ sh®p-sIm-≠mWv hn. sI. F≥. Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. ]pcp-j\n-√mØ Hcp BI¿jWw kv{Xo°p≠v F∂ Hcp hnizmkw Cu IY-I-fn¬ \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂ p-≠v. kv{XoXzsØ AXns‚ am\y-X-bn-emWv hn. sI. F≥. Nn{Xo-I-cn-®-Xv. kuµ-cysØ Fgp-Øn¬ BtLmj-®n´pw D≠v. Imaw F∂ A¿∞ -Øn¬ A√ AXv. F∂ m¬ skIvkns\ \ntj-[n-®n´pw C√. Aß s\ \ntj-[n-°p-∂ -Xnepw A¿∞ -an-√. AXns\ Pohn-X-Øns‚ `mK-ambn I≠p. I]S kZm-N-csØ ]cn-lkn-°p-I-bmWv hn. sI. F≥. sNbvX-Xv. • Hcp hn. sI. F≥. IYbv°v \ºq-Xncn hc® kv{XoI-Ym-]m-{X-Øns‚ kuµcyw I≠v Ah-fpsS Ah-Imiw X\n-°m-sW∂ pw Ab-®p-X-c-W-sa∂ pw hn. sI. F≥. \ºq-Xncn°v IsØ-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠t√m. \nß ƒ XΩn-ep≈ IØn-S-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ Nn{Xw hnj-b-ambn hcp∂ pw D≠v. CØcw hn\n-a-b-ß ƒ C∂ pt≠m? hn. sI. F∂ n\v hc-I-ƒ A{Xbv°v CjvS-am-bn-cp∂ p F∂ v ]ecpw ]d-™p-tI-´n-´p-≠v. hn. sI. F≥. t\cn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw ]d-™n´pw D≠v. "A\-¥ cw' F∂ t\mh¬ hc-bpsS ]c-a-in-h≥ hmtk-h≥ \ºq-Xn-cn°v hc-bv°m≥ th≠n-bmWv A\-¥ cw F∂ t\mh¬ Fgp-Xn-b-sX∂ v hn. sI. F≥. ]d-™Xmbpw tI´n-´p-≠v. •

"A\-¥ -c'-Øn\v hc® Hm¿a-Iƒ Fs¥ m-s°-bmWv?

Bkz-Zn®p hc-®p. tIc-f-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ \m´p-ºp-d-ß -fpsSbpw Nn{Xw hn. sI. F∂ ns‚ D≈nep-≠m-bn-cp∂ p tZi-{]-Ir-Xn, Bfp-Iƒ, `mj, Pohn-X-coXn Ch-sb-°p-dn-s®ms° \√ [mcW Xs∂ . A\-¥ -c-Øn¬ CXv {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. \K-c-Øn¬ ˛U¬ln-bn¬ Pohn-®-bm-fmWv hn. sI. F≥. BZy-I-Y-bmb hnhm-l-∏n-t‰-∂ n¬ \m´n≥]p-dsØ \njvI-f-¶-X-bmWv ImWp-∂ -Xv. {Kmao-W-XbpsS \njvI-f¶-X-bmWv hnhm-l-∏n-t‰-∂ n¬. • hn. sI. F≥.. IY-Iƒ°v a‰p Nn{X-Im-c-∑m¿ hc-®Xv {i≤n-®n-´nt√? B IYbv°v \ºq-Xncn hc-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ...-A-ß s\ tXm∂ n-bn-´pt≠m? IY-bv°-∏p-d-ap≈ as‰m∂ v krjvSn°m≥ Ah¿°v Ign-bm-dn-√. Ah¿ AXn\v {ian-°p-∂ n-√. lmkysØ BIr-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ a´n-ep≈ Nn{X-ß ƒ, \Ωƒ hc-bv°p-tºmƒ Aß s\ Btem-Nn®n´pw C√. IY-bpsS `mhw D≠m-°m-\mWv {ian-t°-≠-Xv. ]pXnb Nn{X-Im-c-∑m-cn¬ C°mcy-Øn¬ t`Zw sI. ]n. apc-fo-[-c-\m-Wv. B Nn{X-ß -fn¬ `mhw D≠m-°m-\p≈ {]h-W-X-Iƒ ImWmw. ÃUokv BWv F∂ ptXm∂ n. tkXp-hns‚ t\mh-en\p hc® Nne Nn{X-ß ƒ I≠-t∏mƒ tXm∂ n-b-Xm-Wv. 104

Nne¿ ÃUokv Bhpw ]t£ AX√ F∂ p tXm∂ n-∏n-bv°p∂ ß s\ sNøp∂ Xv.

coXn-bn¬ hcbv°pw F¥ n-\m-Wn-

• A\p-`-h-am-hn-√-t√m Im°-\m-Ss‚ IYbv°v IY-bnse B[p-\n-IX \ºq-Xncn hymJym-\-Øn\v hg-ß m≥ ka-b-sa-Sp-Øpthm? C∂ sØ B[p-\n-Isct∏mseb√ apIp-µ-s\ms° Dƒs∏-Sp∂ B[p-\n-I-X. \√ Fgp-Øp-ImcpsS IYIƒ-˛t\mh-ep-Ifpw hmbn-°p-I-X-s∂ -bm-Wv. hc-bv°m≥ th≠n hmbn-°p-Ib√ F∂ ¿∞ w. B \nebv°v B[p-\nI IY-bnse {]ta-btam `mjtbm hcbv°v XS- -am-hp-∂ n-√. •

_wKmfn hnh¿Ø-\-ß ƒ°pw hc-®n-´p-≠t√m?

_wKmfn IrXn-Iƒ hmbn-°m≥ ck-am-Wv. {]tXy-In®pw chn-h¿Ω-bpsS ]cn-`m-j. AXv aebmfw hmbn-°p-∂ -Xp-t]m-se-X-s∂ -bm-Wv. _wKmfn IY-I-fnse Iymc-IvtSgvkv icn°pw _wKm-fn-Iƒ Xs∂ -bm-Wv. kXy-Pn-Xvtd-bpsS kn\n-a-Iƒ ImWp-tºmƒ _wKmfn thjw kwkv°mcw F√mw {i≤n®Xv hc-bv°m≥ KpW-am-bn. aZn-cm-in-bn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv _wKm-fn-Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. C¥ y≥ t^kn¬ \n∂ v Ah¿°v hyXymkw D≠v. ^ot®-gvkn-\p-ap≠v hyXym-kw. _wKm-fn-Iƒ°v ae-bm-fp-Itfm-S√ ASp∏w F∂ pw tXm∂ n-bn-´p-≠v. •

]pXnb Fgp-Øn¬ h∂ am‰sØ Fß s\ ImWp∂ p?

Cu ImeØpw hc-bv°p-I-bm-W-t√m. hc-bv°p-∂ -Xp-am-{Xta Ct∏mƒ hmbn-°m-dp-≈q. Aß s\ Hcp ]cn-anXn D≠v Ct∏mƒ. • Hcp IY In´n-bm¬ Bth-i-tØmsS hc-bv°m≥ tXm∂ p∂ {]Xn-]-Øn, Bcp-sS-sbms° IYIƒ Aß s\ hc-bv°p∂ p? Bthiw tXm∂ n-bn-cp-∂ Xv hn. sI. F≥. IY-Iƒ In´p-tºm-gm-bn-cp-∂ p. Ct∏mgpw hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿°p-th-≠n-bmWv hc-bv°p∂ p-≠v. AXnepw {]tXyI Xm¬]-cy-am-Wv. Fw. SnbpsS Nne hmN-Iß ƒ, LS-\, Fgp-Ønse knwπnkn‰n CXv h√msX BI¿jn-®n-´p-≠v. •

hc-bv°m\√msX CubnsS hmbn®v a\ n¬ Ipdn-®n´ ]pkvX-IsØ Ipdn®v ]d-bq.

sshZy-aTw sNdnb \mcm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS Bfl-I-Y. B¬_-Ønse Hm¿a-Iƒ. \√ `mj kwkvIm-c-ap≈ `mj hn. Sn. bpsS sbms° XpS¿®-bmbn hcpw F∂ p tXm∂ n. Cu Hcp Gdn-b-bpsS KpW-am-Wn-Xv. Bcv F¥ p-]-d-™n´pw Imcy-an-√. hf-®p-sI-´n-√mØ `mj. Fw. Sn. bpsS-sbms° KpWw AXm-Wv. IY-b-dn-bm-\√ AsXms° hmbn-°p-∂ -Xv. sshZy-a-T-Øns‚ ]pkvX-I-Ønse `mj \∂ mbn tXm∂ n. AXp-t]mse CubnsS Aß m-Sn-°-∏p-dØv \¥ \m¿ A\p-kva-c-W-Øn\v t]mbn. \¥ -\m-cpsS `mjbv°pw Cu kXy-k-‘X D≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. \¥ -\m¿°v Rm≥ hc-®n-´p-≠v. • hc-bv°p-tºmƒ \ºq-Xncn `mj-bn¬ {i≤n-°p-∂ p-≠v At√? efn-X-`mj hcbv°v A\m-bm-kX \¬Ip-∂ pt≠m? `mjm-kpJw {][m-\-am-Wv. •

h≈p-h-\m-S≥ `mj-tbmSv {]tXyI aa-X-bpt≠m?

Aß -s\-sbm-∂ n√, emfn-Xy-{]-[m-\-amb `mj-tbmSv {]Xn-]-Øn-bp-≠v. Fw.-Sn. Ip™-_vZp≈ , apIp-µ≥ Hs° efn-X-ambn Fgp-Xp-∂ p. Zp¿{K-lX krjvSn-°p-∂ -hcpw D≠v. •

hc-bv°m-\-√msX hmbn-°p-tºmƒ shdpsX CXn-s\m∂ p hcbv°mw F∂ ptXm∂ n-bn-´pt≠m?

Aß -s\-bn-√. ]pXnb A¿∞ -ß ƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-°p∂ coXn-bn-ep≈ hmb-\-b√ Ft‚-Xv. ]p\¿hmb\ Fs∂ ms° ]d-bp-∂ Xv F¥ mWv? ]p\¿hm-b-\-bn¬ as‰m∂ v hcnI F∂ H∂ n-√. IrXn amdp-∂ n√t√m am‰w \ap-°m-Wv. hmb-\-°m-cs‚ am‰-am-Wv. ]p\¿hm-b-\bn¬ sXfn-bpI. BZy-hm-b-\- icn-bm-bn´n√ F∂ mWv ]p\¿hmb-\bpsS A¿∞ w. 105

•

]p\¿Nn{Xo-X-cWw

km[y-amtWm?

C√ km[y-a-√. •

Ihn-Xbv°v hc® A\p-`-h-ß -fp-≠m-hp-at√m ]d-bm≥?

amXr-`q-an-bn-ep-≈-t∏mƒ IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿ Ihn-X-Iƒ Xcp-am-bn-cp-∂ p. t]Pn\v Ae-¶mcw D≠m°p-I-am-{Xta sNbvXn-´p-≈p. t]Pv U°-td-j≥ am{Xw. Ihn-X-bn¬ IY-bn-te-Xp-t]mse Iymc-IvS¿ hcp∂ n-√t√m? Pn. i¶-c-°p-dp-∏ns‚ Ihn-X-Iƒ°v hc-®n-´p-≠v. sI. Pn. i¶-c-∏n-≈-bpsS IrjvW-I-hn-Xbv°pw hc-®p. CubnsS H. F≥. hnbpsS kvt\ln-®p-Xo-cm-Ø-h¿°v hc-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. • s]mXpsh Ihn-Xbv°v Nn{Xw hc-bv°p-∂ -Xn-t\mSv \ºq-Xn-cn°v henb {]Xn-]-Øn-bn√ F∂ p tXm∂ p∂ p? `mh-Km\w Fs∂ ms° ]d-bmw. ]t£ hcbv°p ]mI-Øn¬ hnjz¬ Bhp-∂ n-√. ]e-I-hn-XIfpw Hcp sNdnb Ihn-X-bnepw `mhw hcmw. aq¿Ø-amb H∂ v C√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Nn{Xw hc-bpI {]bmk-am-Wv. •

IhnX hmbn-°m≥ CjvS-at√? CjvSamWv. hn. sI. tKmhn-µ≥ \mb-cp-sS t«mI-ß -sfms° hmbn-®m¬ aXn-bm-hm-Ø-Xm-Wv.

*

hn. sI. Pn.sb °p-dn®p ]d™p Acp-hn-°-c-bn-sem-c-cm-bm¬Ø-d-bp˛ ≠c-hn-µm-£-∂ -a-cm≥ ad-hn-h-cm-dn-√-cp-W-∂ -hnsS Ip¶p-a-Ipw`w sNmcn-bm≥ Cu hcn-Iƒ hcbv°p hg-ß nt√? hc-bv°mw.

•

\mS-I-ß ƒ°pw hc-®n´pt≠m?

\mSIw cwK-Øp-h-cp-∂ -Xm-W-t√m. IY-Iƒ \mS-I-am-bn-´mWv Nn{X-Øn¬ hcp-∂ -Xv. Imhm-e-Øns‚ \mS-I-Øn\v hc-®n-´p-≠v. Ihn-X-bv°pw. AXn¬ s\√n-tbmSv hmkp-tZ-h≥ \ºq-Xn-cnsb hc-®p. Nph∂ XmSn-tbbpw Ien-th-j-Øn-\v. • IY-Ifn \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS hnj-b-am-W-t√m. ]n. hn. {io\n-hm-ks‚ IY-Ifn t\mh-en\v hc-®pht√m? IYm-]m-{X-ß -fn¬ IY-I-fn-°m-cpsS apJ-—m-b-bpt≠m? B \ne-bv°mtWm hc-®Xv? hnjz¬ BW-Xv. thjw, Acß v Hs° ck-I-c-ambn hc-bv°mw. thj-Øn¬ \S≥ Bcv F∂ v {]iv\-an-√. hmZy-°m-cm-sW-¶n¬ a\- n¬ Hm¿Ω-bp-≈-hsc tXm∂ pw. cma≥Ip-´n-\m-b¿, tKm]n Hs° Xncn-®-dn-bpw. sN≠-bn¬ IrjvW≥Ip´n s]mXp-hmƒ. a±-f-Øn¬ A∏-°p´n s]mXp-hmƒ F∂ n-h¿ a\ n-¬ hcnI kz`m-hn-I-am-Wv. •

Zp¿{K-l-X-bp≈ IY-Iƒ°v hc-bv°p-tºm-gp≈ am\-ko-Im-hÿ F¥ mWv?

Zp¿{K-lX F∂ p-]-d-bp-∂ Xv IY-]-d-bp∂ coXn-bpsS am‰-am-Wv. hmbn-°p-tºmƒ F¥ n-\m-Wn-ß s\ hfs®m-Sn-°p-∂ Xv F∂ p-tXm-∂ n-bn-´p-≠v. IYm-IrØv Dt±-in-®Xv F¥ v F∂ v \ap°v a\- n-em-bn-´p-≠mhpw H´pw \nhr-Øn-bn-√m-Ø-hbv°v Iymc-IvtS-gvkns\ hc-bv°pw. •

hmbn® DSs\ hc-bv°p∂ k{ºZm-b-amtWm? hc-bv°m-hp∂ cwK-ß ƒ a\- n-ep-≠mhpw. Hm¿Ω-bn¬ \n∂ v hc-bv°pw.

•

Fgp-Øp-Imsc hc-®n-´p-≠t√m? At∏mƒ Ah-cpsS FgpØv Hm¿Ωn-°m-dpt≠m? ]cn-Nbw LS106

I-amtWm? Nnesc hc-bv°m≥ Ffp-∏-am-Wv. Ac-hn-µs\ hc-bv°m-\mWv G‰hpw Ffp-∏w. hn. sI. F∂ ns\ hc-®n-´p-≠v. hmkp-tZ-h≥\m-bsc hc-®v hc®v Ct∏mƒ Ffp∏am-bn. Xnt°m-Sn-bs\ hc-bv°m≥ _p≤nap-´m-Wv. Fw. ]n. \mcm-b-W-∏n-≈sb hc-bv°-W-sa∂ v Pb-N{µ≥ \mb¿ ]d-™p. Hm¿a-h-cp-∂ n-√. ]ns∂ hc-®p. • {]Wbw, Imaw XpS-ß n-bh `mhm-fl-I-ambn hc-®n-´p≠v \ºq-Xn-cn. skIvkn\p {]m[m-\y-a≈ IY-Iƒ°p-h-c-bv°p-tºmƒ Bfl-\n-b-{¥ Ww ]men-°m-dpt≠m? ssewKn-I-Xsb GX-f-hn¬ hsc Nn{XoI-cn-°mw. hc-bnse kZm-N-mc-Øns‚ ]cn[n GXmWv? NneXv apgp-h≥ hc-bv°m≥ ]‰n-√. Hcp ]cn[n hsc hc-bv°mw. ITn-\-ambn Fgp-Xp-∂ -h-cp-≠v. AXv hc-®m¬ kwKXn amdpw. kmln-Xyhpw Nn{Xhpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-am-W-Xv. ape-Im-Wn®p Fs∂ -gp-Xnbm¬ hmb-\bv°v A{X Ipg∏w hcn-√. hc-®m¬ as‰m-∂ mIpw hymJym-\w. • \ºq-Xncn ae-bm-f-Ønse Fgp-Øp-Im¿°v th≠n- [mcmfw hc-®p. Fgp-Øp-Im¿ \ºq-Xncn Nn{X-ß sf ka-{K-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øn-bn-´pt≠m? ]ecpw ]d-bm-dp≠.v F¨]-Øn-\memw ]nd-∂ mƒ ka-bØv Fw. Sn. Fgp-Xn. ho´n¬ h∂ p. sI. Pn. F v. Hcn-°¬ A -embn {]kw-Kn®p. B¿°pw kΩ-X-t°-Sp-≠m-b-Xmbn Adn-hn-√. ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-Øn\v Nn{X-Øn-eqsS \ºq-Xncn \¬Inb aqeyw F¥ v F∂ coXnbnep≈ Hcp ka{K ]T-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX tXm∂ p-∂ p. tIc-f-Ønse Nn{X-Iem \ncq-]-I¿ C°m-cy-Øn¬ au\n-I-fm-hp-∂ Xv {ian-®n-´pt≠m? AsXms°m Ime-Øn\p hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-I. *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

]mT-`m-K-Øns‚ XpS¿® (X-´-Iw) IpS FSp-°s´? IpS FSp-°s´? IΩ-fq-´n-bpsS Np≠p-Iƒ hnXp-ºn. IÆ n-a-Iƒ ]nS-™p. \n∂ \n¬]n¬ tImcn-Ø-cn®v IΩ-fq´n hnb¿Øp. hnb¿∏n¬ icocw IpXn¿∂ -t∏mƒ IΩ-fq´n hnb¿Øp. hnb¿∏n¬ icocw IpXn¿∂ -t∏mƒ IΩ-fq´n samgn™p FSp-°mw. IpS-sb-Sp-°p-tºmƒ DÆ o-cn-°p-´n-bpsS ssIØ-≠-bn¬ IpS-°-s√-Sp-°m-hp∂ Icp-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ p. s]cp-hn-c-ep-Iƒ°p Xmsg B¬Ø-dn-b¬ hn≈¬ hogp-∂ p-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. P]n-s®-dn™ ]pjv]w t]mse Iqh-f-Øn-e-t]mse Xma-c∏q t]mse Hme-°p-S-ssI-h-∂ p. IpS tXmfn-se-SpØv DÆ ocn B¬Ø-d-bn-d-ß n. ]mW-t°m¬ hoin DÆ ocn \S-∂ p. \m¬Im-en-Iƒ \S-∂ p. \m¬Im-en-Iƒ°p ]nt∂ m IΩfq´n

\S-∂ p.

H®-bn-√, sNØ-an-√, an≠m-´-an√ cmhd™n-√. ]I-e-dn-™n√ ag-b-dn-™n√ a™-dn-™n√ \mS-dn-™n-√, ImS-dn-™n√ tXmS-dn-™n√ ]pg-b-dn-™n√ hgn-b-dn-™n-√. hc-º-dn-™n√ tItS-cn-°p∂ pw s]cp-a-ebpw tIt®-cn-∏p-gbpw sh´p-ImSpw IS∂ v AkvX-a-\-Øn\pw {Xnk‘ybv°pw apºv IrXyw a™-∏-Xn-‰-Sn°v Ah¿ tZi-a-W™v tNme-°pf-Øn¬ Cd-ß n. Ip∂ n-t\bpw _mey-°m-tcbpw hc-th¬°m≥ tZi-°mcpw ho´p-Imcpw h∂ p tNme-°p-f-Øn¬ 107

Cdß n apß n. DÆ ocn IpS-tbmsS Xp≈n-°-b-dn. I∂ pw IΩ-fq-´nbpw Ipf-°-c-bn¬ A¥ n®p \n∂ p. A—\pw AΩbpw Ip™n-s∏-ß fpw h∂ p. DÆ o-cn-°p´n Xp≈n \n∂ p. Cf-\o¿ sh´n Icn-°p-sIm-Sp-Øp. DÆ ocn ssIs°m-≠n-√. DÆ o-cn-°p´n Xp≈n-\n-∂ p. IÆ -©n-d-In-g-t°-∏m-t´°v Bsf hn´p. DÆ ocn AS-ß n-bn-√. BSv sh´n IpcpXn sImSpØp, DÆ ocn ssIs°m-≠n-√. Im´p-am-S-tØ°pw IS-a-‰-tØ°pw Bf-b-®p. DÆ ocn ]m¿Øn-√. sNºs\ sh´n Icp-Xn-sbm-gp-Xn, DÆ o-c-°-p´n ssIs°m-≠n-√. Imc-sb-sh´n Ipcp-Xn-sbm-gp-In, ]p√sb sh´n ssaesb sh´n, I∂ v \mepw IpcpXn DuØn´pw DÆ ocn Gin-btX C√. Ggp-Zn-hkw DÆ ocn Gin-btX C√. Ggp-Zn-hkw DÆ o-cn-°p´n Xp≈n \n∂ p. Ggmw Znhkw IrXyw a™-∏-Xn-‰-Sn°v IΩ-fq´n Ipfn-®p-h-∂ p. hmc-∏-d-ºn¬ DÆ o-cn-°p-´n-bpsS apºmsI sNºp-In-Smcw IΩ-fqSn sXmgp-Xp-\n-∂ p. DWyq´n {]km-Zn-®n-√. C‰p-hm-cp∂ IpSp-a-bn¬ Aa¿Øn XShn IΩ-fq´n tNmZn-®p. F¥ m Fs‚ \√ Nß m-Xn˛ IΩ-≈q-´n°v IWvT-a-S-™p. F¥ m Fs‚ \√ Nß m-Xo˛ IΩ-≈q-´n°v IWvT-aS™p. DÆ o-°p-´o˛ t]cv sX‰n hnfn-®p-t]m-bt√m F∂ v IΩ-fq´n sRmSn-bnS kvXw`n®p \n∂ p. DÆ o-cn-°p-´n˛ Fs∂ sh´n IcpXn X¿∏n-®m¬ \√ Nß mXn AS-ß ptam? tZhX Xr]vXns∏Sptam? At∏mƒ am{Xw DÆ o-cn-°p-´n-°-´-lmkw s]m´n lotb.... BZysØ A´-lmkw \ne-®n-√. Ac-hmƒ hen-®qcn IΩ-fq´n kzbw sh´n adn-™p. H∂ p hnd®pw ]ns∂ sXdn®p IΩ-fq´n DZn-c-aq-Ø-t∏mƒ tNme-°p-fhpw Ipf-°-cbpw Ipep-°n-Øn-a¿Øv tNme-°p-fß c `K-hXn ap∏n-et»-cn-bn¬ BZysØ Ifw sIm≠p. lotb.....-lzlz *

*

*

*

108

*

\m-´p-]m-X-bn-eqsS {]mtZ-inI Ncn{X ]T\w lcn-X-C-t°m-¢-∫v˛ CS-t°-]pdw

ÿ e-\ma-Ønse {]mtZ-inI Ncn{Xw ÿ e-Øn\v t]cp-h-cm≥ Fs¥ ¶ - n-ep-samcp ImcWw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. Nne-t∏mƒ sFXylyam-bncn-°pw. As√-¶n¬ kw`-h-am-bn-cn-°pw. ÿ e-\m-a-Øns‚ D¤hw At\z-jn-°p-∂ Xv ck-I-c-am-Wv. H∏w hn⁄m-\-{]-Z-hpw. sNdp-Ip∂ v : \ΩpsS {]tZ-iØv Iptd sNdnb Ip∂ p-I-fp-≠v. \cn-°p∂ v (Ip-∂ n≥ aXn-e-Iw), NS-ß n¬ Ip∂ v (I-Æ -]pcw t]meokv tÃj\v ap≥h-iw), ]mSn-bn¬ Ip∂ v, h≈p-h≥ IShv Ip∂ v, I√-gn-sam´ (sk‚ v am¿´n≥ tlmkn-]n-‰¬ ÿ nXn-sN-øp∂ Ip∂ v), Iogd Ip∂ v DZm-l-c-W-ß -fm-Wv. sNdnb Ip∂ pIƒ D≈ {]tZiam-b-Xn-\m¬ sNdp-Ip∂ v F∂ t]cp-≠m-bn. IÆ -]pcw : sNdp-Ip∂ v A∂ -]q¿tÆ -izcn t£{X-Øn¬ A{K-ime \mY-\mbn {ioIr-jvWs‚ {]XnjvT-bp-≠v. AXv ÿ nXn-sN-øp-∂ Xv C∂ sØ IÆ ]pcw hnt√-Pn-em-Wv. IÆ s‚ ]pc-am-b-Xn-\m¬ IÆ ]pcw F∂ \ma-ap-≠m-bn F∂ p ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂ p. XÆ p-∏m-d-sam´ : sNdp-Ip-∂ v, IÆ -]pcw {]tZ-i-ß -fn¬ Ip∂ p-Iƒ [mcm-f-ap-≠v. Xcn-im-bn-´p≈ Db¿∂ ÿ esØ sam´ F∂ mWv hnfn-°p-∂ -Xv. sam´-Isf IrXy-ambn kqNn-∏n-°m≥ Nne hnti-j-Wß ƒ tN¿°pw. CØ-c-Øn¬ sh≈w Xß n-\n¬°p∂ ]md-I-fp≈ sam´ XÆ o¿∏m-dsam´-bm-bn. D®m-c-WØn¬ XÆ p-∏m-d-sam-´-bp-am-bn. ChnsS ISpØ th\¬°m-e-Øp-t]mepw Pem-i-b-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. s]m´n-_-km¿ : CS-t°-∏pdw hS-°p≈ ÿ e-amWv s]m´n-_-km¿. Cu t]cn\v Hcp cmjvS-cob Ncn-{XamWv ]d-bm-\p-≈-Xv. 1947-˛48 Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Fw. Fkv. ]n.-°m¿ IΩyq-Wn-Ãp-Imsc th´-bm-Sp-∂ -Xn\v IÆ -]p-cØv Iymºv sNbvXn-cp-∂ p. C∂ sØ tZiob bph-P-\-kwLw hmb-\-im-e°v kao]w Hcp ISbp-≠v. AhnsS Hcp ap…o-amWv I®-hSw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂ -Xv. t]meokp-Im¿ At±-lsØ arKo-b-ambn a¿±n-®p. IΩyq-WnÃv A\p-`m-hn-bm-sW∂ v Btcm-]n-®m-Wv a¿±-\w. a¿±-\-Øn-\nsS At±-l-Øns‚ IpSep-s]m-´n. ]ns∂ ÿ ew "IpS-ep-s]m´n _km¿' F∂ -dn-b-s∏-´p-Xp-S-ß n. ]n¬Im-eØv "s]m´-n_-km¿' F∂ p am{X-ambn t]cv. Bbncw sXß v: sNdp-Ip∂ v A∂ -]q¿Æ Bcydv \m´n¬ \n∂ pw I∏-ep-I-bdn tIme-Øp-\m-´n-te°v Xncn-®p. sNdp-Ip-∂ n\v ]Sn-™mdv I∏-en-d-ß n. AΩ Cd-ß nb ÿ ew "Bgn Xocw Xß n' F∂ -dn-b-s∏´p. AXmWv D®m-cW-Øn¬ "Bbncw sXß v' Bbn Npcp-ß n-b-Xv. am‰m-¶o¬ : sNdpIp∂ v A∂ -]q¿tÆ -izcn t£{X-Øn¬ c≠mw Znh-ksØ D’ hw Fgp-∂ -fn∏v ]≠v Xrt°mØv hnjvWp t£{X-Øn-te-°m-bn-cp-∂ p. C∂ v Cu t£{Xw Ahn-sS-bn-√. ]n¬Im-eØv Fgp-∂ ≈n∏v am‰m-¶o¬ tNmbn Aº-e-Øn-te°v Bbn. am‰n-b-In¬ am‰m¶n¬ F∂ m-bn. A[n-I-c-Wm¿∞ n-embn-cn°Ww "I¬' F∂ {]tbm-Kw. Nnd-°¬ : hf-∏-´Ww apX¬ [¿ΩSw hsc-bp≈ {]tZiw sNd-t®-cn-°√v F∂ mWv Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂ -Xv. sNd-t®-cn-°-√ns‚ \mSp-\m-SmWv Im\-Øq¿. sNd-t®-cn-°√v Npcpß n sNd-°¬-˛-Nn-d-°¬ Bbn. Nne ÿ e-\m-Øn¬ ImWp∂ I√v F∂ {]tbmKw ssP\-a-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂ v ]d-bp-∂ p.

109

\ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS tcJ-Iƒ F∂ Bfl-I-Y-bn¬ \n∂ v hn. sI. F≥. Imem-Im-e-ß -fmbn F\n-°-b® IØp-Iƒ. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \ºq-Xncn se jns{Xm-tIhv amXr-`qan ho°nen Imen-°‰v˛ 1 20-˛10-˛72 BZn {_m“W kplr-sØ, adp-]Sn Ab-bv°mØ Iq´-Øn-emWv Ahn-Sp-∂ v. AXp-sIm≠v IsØ-gp-Xm≥ AkvJn-X-bp-≠v. Nn{XØn¬ I≠{X tIan-bmWv Nn∂ -Ωp-sh-¶n¬ Ah-fpsS I¿Øm-hmb F\n°v Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-Xt√ IpeS? Ahsf Ctß m´v Ab-®p-X-cptam? Cu IØn\v adp-]Snbns√-¶n¬ C\n Rm≥ Fgp-Xp-∂ n-√. hnin-jvS\mb Hcp {_m“W\p-am-bp≈ kplr-Zv_‘w F\n°p sImSp-Ø-sh-®n-´n-s√∂ p kam-[m-\n-°pw. hn. sI. F≥. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ \ºq-Xncn ]n°mt m Iem-Iu-apZn Xncp-h-\-¥ -]pcw 985 024 {]nb-s∏´ ®m¬ shfn-]m-Snse Nn{Xß ƒ Dt{Km-{Kw. XSn-®n-Iƒ sSw]-Snß v kz¥ w hn. sI. F≥. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Xncp-hvem-ae 7˛6-˛83 ®m¬ t\m≥ Akmcw Znhkw /amkw/ XnYn apºv Hcp IØ-b-®n-cp-∂ p. t]m´-sØ-∏-‰n. ChnsS {Km^¿am-cn-√. Hcp ]Sw hnSp-∂ p. Ch-\n¬ \n∂ v Hcp kvsI®v Ab-®p-X-cptam? tªm°v krjvSn®v \nh[n tIm∏n-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-t®m-fmw. Slightly widly handsome km[-\-amWv th≠Xv t\ms\ I≠n´nt√? A{X tami-sam-∂ z-√. Atcm-K-Zr-V, \mPm-\-_mlp \o hr≤-bu-h-\≥, F∂ mWv A°nØw A\p{K-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂ Xv. H∂ v Xcm°n Xtczm? Wd-°n-s√-∂ ¿∞ w. kz¥ w hn. sI. F≥. .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

110

Ce-kvt{S-j≥kv \ºq-Xncn (C-sX¥ p \ºq-Xn-cn?) C/o. tIcf IuapZn tImgn-t°mSv ˛ 673 018 Ce-kvt{S-j≥kv \ºq-Xncn k¿, Iem-Iu-ap-Zn°v Hcp \o≠-IY Ab-®n-´p-≠v. hc®p XI¿°m≥ I\n-b-Ww. Iq´-Øn¬ t\ms‚ Hcp kvsI®pw. C°mcyw Rm≥ Pb-N-{µ≥ \mb-tcmSv ]d-™n-´p-≠v. »ymbn Fgp-X-Wp. CXp sNbvXp X∂ n-s√-¶n¬ total war, Nambu-Nair hundred years war. kz¥ w hn. sI. F≥. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... hmkp-tZ-h≥ \ºq-Xncn 12-˛03-˛84 kplr-tØ, ]s≠-gp-Xnb IY-Iƒ Xncn®v am¿jz¬ F∂ Xqen-Im-\m-a-Øn¬ ho≠pw Im®p-I-bm-sW∂ v `¿’ n®v Aº-sØm-∂ m-asØ IØpw In´n. C°-gn™ Hcp e°-Øn¬ h∂ Bhmlw Hcp ]ø≥ IY-bpsS {]I-S-amb A\p-I-c-am-Wv, C\n Fgp-Xp∂ Imcy kwi-b-am-Wv. Demoralised. Iem-Iu-ap-Zn-°m-tcmSv ]d-t™-°q. kpJw? kz¥ w hn. sI. F≥ ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... {iohm-kp-tZ-h≥ \ºq-Xncn ({_-“)- tI-cf IuapZn Imen-°‰v 16 1˛02-˛87 {]nb-s∏´ ®m¬ Incn-t°‰v hc-®Xv XI¿Øp. cmPo-hns‚ ]´m-`n-tjI-Øn\v tijw \mWzmcv Cs‚-en-sP≥kv No^mbn hcp-∂ p-≠v. (]-øs‚ apXn¿∂ ]Xn-∏v) IY-I-fm-bn-´mWv Dt±-iyw. BZy-tØXv Ab-®n-´p-≠v. skIyq-cn‰n C{µ-{]ÿ w Xs∂ . kvt\l-]q¿∆w hn. sI. F≥. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... {io \ºq-Xncn tIcf IuapZn Imen-°‰v 16 3˛2-˛87 {]nb-s∏´ \ºq-Xncn CXn-\p-ap-º-b® IØv In´n-bn-cn-°p-at√m IY-bn¬ \mWzm-c√m cma≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bm-Wv. \ºq-cn-°v "cmPm"-hns\ i∏ F∂ p hnfn-°m≥ Igo-bq. \ºq-Xncn ]≠v "]ø-'\m-bn-cp-∂ p. kvac-W-I-fn¬ CXp-h-cp-∂ p-≠v. BZy-IY "skIy-qcn‰n' Ab-®n-´p-≠v. 10000 Xcm°m≥ 6\v U¬ln°v ]d-°p-∂ p. kvt\l-]q¿∆w hn. sI. F≥. 111

{io hmkp-tZ-h≥ \ºq-Xncn tIcf IuapZn, Imen-°‰v 16 Hmw hmkp-tZ-hmb \ax "Iem-Iu-ap-Zn"°v Hcp t\mh¬ "A[n-Imcw' Ahn-sS-bp≈ "skIyq-cn‰n' F∂ IY BZym≤ymbw ]ns∂ "Zcn-{Z-tcJ' "t^mdn≥ NmØ≥' XpS-ß n... Npcp-ß n-bXv 30 A≤ymbw k¿ NmØp-hns\ amXncn Hc-XnIm-b-\mhpw \ºq-Xn-cn. _p≤≥, ]q¥ m\w XpSß n Cs∂ m-cmsf hcq F∂ n√. Pb-N-{µ≥ \mb¿°v FgpXn-bn-´p-≠v. {]Xn-^ew A≤ym-b-Øn\v 500-I. In´Ww H´pw A[n-I-a-√. kz¥ w hn.-sI.-F≥ ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... \ºq-Xncn, Icp-hm´v a\ _nem-Øn-Ipfw tImgn-t°mSv hn. sI. F≥./ Xncp-hn-ezm-ae ]n.-H. Xr»q¿ Pn√ ˛ 680 558 1˛7-˛89 t\ms‚ ka-io¿j\v C∂ v Pb-N-{µ≥\m-b-cpsS IØp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ p. t\mh¬ Xcmbn A\-¥ cw \me-≤ymbw Fgp-Xn. a\ n¬ap-bva-\pw. k¿ NmØp-hns‚ Xncn-®p-h-c-hm-Wv. \∂ mhpw F∂ tXm∂ ¬ AYhm Zpc-k-ln-°n√ F∂ ¿∞ w. ]Øma-≤ybw Ign™m¬ AXp ]I¿Øn 15-˛07\v tImgn-t°mSv In´pw. HmW-tØm-sSm∏w ]qim-\mWv ]≤-Xn. Xncn®p hc-hm-hmw. 02-˛07 apX¬ hymghpw i\nbpw Aß v GXv Iodm-°-S-em- n¬ hc-bv°p-∂ p-thm, GXns\ [\y-am-°p-∂ p-thm, Fs‚ t\mh¬ AXn\v A\p-{Kln-®mepw kz¥ w hn. sI. F≥. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... \ºq-Xncn Icp-hm´v a\, _nem-Øn-Ipfw tImgn-t°mSv ]Øm-a-≤ymbw C∂ -bn-®n-´p-≠v. "A\-¥ cw' ]Øp Znhkw Ign™v c≠m-asØ XhW In´nb hnh-cØn\v Hcp hcn. kz¥ w hn. sI. F≥. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... {io hmkp-tZ-h≥ \ºq-Xncn Icp-hm´v a\, _nem-Øn-Ipfw tImgn-t°mSv 22-˛07-˛89 ®m¬ ]Øm-a-≤ymbw Xncn-®-b-°-Ww. Akmcw Xncp-Øp-≠v. kz¥ w hn. sI. F≥. \ºq-Xncn 112

t- Imgn-t°mSv Xncp-hn-ezm-ae 25-˛07-˛89 ]Øm-a≤ymbw Xncn-®p-In-´msX IjvS-Øn-emWv. AXv HØp-t\m°n thWw _m°n JWvUix Ab°m≥. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... \ºq-Xncn Xncp-hn-ezm-ae 27-˛07-˛89 ]Ø-hW In´n. enJnXw N. IqSp-X¬ \µn-tI-iz-c-∑m¿ hgn-sb. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... {io Icp-hm´v a\-bv°¬ hmkp-tZ-h≥ \ºq-Xncn Icp-hm´v a\ _n√m-Øn-°pfw Nt°m-c-Øp-Ipgw tXm≠-b-Xn\p kao]w -tImgn-t°mSv 673 005 \mWz-ºqcn Xncvem-ae 680 588 18-˛08-˛95 {]nb-s∏´ Icp-hm´v Icp-hm´v al≥ kcn-Xsb thfn-I-gn-°p-∂ -Xn¬ kt¥ mjw \mWp \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS awK-fm-iw-k-Iƒ Xcm-bm¬ hcmw. AkpJw Ah-K-Wn-®pw, ®m¬ AIm-bn-ep-≈-h-tcbpw Iq´n Ipfn-∏m≥ X.... kz¥ w Iq´me a\ \mWp \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv Icp-hm´v a\-bv°¬ hmtk-Z-h≥ \w. \]q, \ºq-Xncn tImgn-t°m-´m-®m¬ Aß s\ .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

sN°v enÃv 1.

{]mtZ-inI Ncn{X \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v klm-b-I-amb tNmZym-h-en°v Ip´n-Iƒ \¬Inb {]Xn-I-cWw. anI-®Xv icm-icn Xosc-bn√ 113

2.

{]mtZ-inI eLp-N-cn-{X-tcJ kwkvImc kw{Klw Xøm-dm-°p-∂ -Xn\v th≠ tijn-Iƒ Ip´nIƒ t\Sn-bn-´p-≠v. D≠v / C√/ `mKn-I-ambn

3.

\¬In-bn-´p≈ Nn{X-ß -fn¬ \n∂ v Bi-b-ß -fpsS kmay hyXym-k-ß ƒ Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-™n´p-≠v. D≠v/C√/`mKn-I-ambn

4.

_nw_-I¬]-\, hmMvab Nn{Xw XpS-ß nb Bkzm-Z-\mw-i-ß ƒ Xncn-®-dn™v Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°≥ Ip´n°v Ign-™n-´pt≠m? D≠v/ C√/ `mKn-I-ambn

5.

kmt¶-XnI anI-thm-Sp-IqSn tUmIypsa‚dn {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v Np°m≥ ]nSn-°m≥ A[ym-]n-I°v Ign-™n-´pt≠m? D≠v/ C√/`mKn-I-ambn

6.

A[ym-]n-I-bpsS Bi-b-ß ƒ kmt¶-Xn-I-Øn-I-thm-Sp-IqSn Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ign-™n´pt≠m? D≠v/C√/`mKn-I-ambn

7.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß -fn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ A[ym-]n-Ibv°v Ign-bp-∂ pt≠m? D≠v/C√/`mKn-I-ambn

8.

]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß -ƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøp-tºmƒ A\p-tbm-Py-amb kµ¿`-ß -fn¬ sF. kn. Sn. km[y-X-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´pt≠m? D≠v/C√/`mKn-I-ambn

9.

khn-tij ]cn-K-W-\-b¿ln-°p∂ Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ {]tbm-P-\-I-amb coX-bn¬ eLq-I-cn®v \¬Ip-hm≥-A-[ym-]n-Ibv°v km[n-®n-´p-≠v. D≠v/C√/`mKn-I-ambn

114

ASn-ÿ m\ ]mTm-hen bqWn‰v ˛1

hm°mw h¿W-°pS NqSn

115

hm°mw h¿W-°pS NqSn o

Fs‚ `mj˛h-≈-tØmƒ o hm°ns‚ IqsS-cn-bp-∂ p-˛-Kq-Kn-hmXn HmwtKm o kuµ-cy-]qP˛ ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿ o ae-bmfw ˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

amXr-`m-j-bpsS \∑bpw ta∑bpw ae-bmfn sshIn-sb-¶nepw Bth-i-tØmsS N¿® sNøp-IbmWv. temI-Ø-ºmSpw \nc-h[n sNdp`m-j-Iƒ ad-™p-t]m-bn. `mj-bpsS acWw AXp kwkm-cn°p∂ P\-X-bpsS kwkvIm-c-Øn-t‚-Xp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Hcp `mj Hcp kwkvImcw F∂ Xv A[n-\n-thiw D¬∏m-Zn-∏n® Bi-b-am-Wv. `mj kwkvImcw Xs∂ -bm-Wv. Hcp P\X Adnhv \n¿Ωn-°p-∂ Xpw ssIamdp-∂ Xpw Ah-cpsS amXr-`m-j-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. hy‡nkzXzw \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ Xpw hnI-kn-°p-∂ Xpw k¿§mfl-I-am-Ip-∂ Xpw kz¥ w `mjbnepw kwkvIm-c-Ønepw thcn-d-°n-bm-Wv. kz¥ w `mj Hcp P\-X-bpsS Ah-Im-i-am-Wv. amXr-`mjbpsS \ntj[w Adn-bm-\p≈ Ah-Im-i-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-Wv. Adn-hns‚ hym]-\Øn-s\-Xnsc Db-cp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-bm-Wv. kzbw Bhn-jv°-cn-°m-\p≈ a\p-jys‚ Ah-Im-iamWXv. B¥ -cn-Ihpw _mly-hp-amb F√m IS-∂ vI-b-‰-sØbpw {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\p≈ tijn amXr-`m-jbv°ps≠∂ Dƒ°mgvN Cu bpWn-‰ns‚ hn\n-ab thf-bn¬ Hm¿°p-a-t√m.

N¿®m-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm°w Aº-Øm-d-£-c-a√ Asºm-Ø-∂ -£-c-hp-a-s√s‚ ae-bmfw ae-bm-f-sa∂ \me-£chpa√ ˛Ip-™pÆ n ae-bm-f-Øns‚ sNdn-b-h-enb IhnbpsS IhnXm `mK-Øn-eqsS Cu bq\n‰n-te°v {]th-in°mw. ]ns∂ ¥ mWv ae-bmfw? Cu Ihn-X-bpsS Bi-b-ambn \nß ƒ hmbn-s®-Sp-°p∂ Imcy-ß ƒ Fs¥ ms°-bm-Wv. F∂ n-ß s\ eLp-hmb tNmZy-ß -fn-eqsS amXr-`m-j-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fn-te°pw {]m[m\y-Øn-te°pw Ip´n-Isf \bn-°mw. amXr-`mj kz¥ w `mj-bm-Wv. AΩ-bn¬ \n∂ p e`n-°p∂ `mj-bmWv. ho´nse `mj-bm-Wv. ape-∏m-ep-t]mse Ip™ns‚ hf¿®-bn¬ {][m\amWv. kz]v\w ImWp-∂ Xv kz¥ w `mj-bn-emWv Cß -s\-bp≈ Bi-b-ß ƒ N¿-®-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂ p. Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-bp∂ khn-tij-X-Ifpw {][m-\y-ß fpw A[ym-]nI BB bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ p. A[ym-]nI t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂ p. BB/bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb kqN-I-ß ƒ hnI-kn-∏n®v Ip´n-Iƒ "amXr-`mj-bpsS {]m[m-\yhpw khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw' F∂ hnj-bsØ ap≥ \ndpØn eLp Ipdn∏v Xøm- -dm°p-∂ p. 116

D]-\ymkw Fgp-Xmw. Ihn-I¬]-\-I-fn¬ ]qØp-e™ amXr-`mjm kvt\lhpw BZ-chpw amXr-`m-jm-sb-Ip-dn-®p≈ Ihn-bpsS k¶¬]-ß ƒ kz¥ w `mj-tbbpw kwkvIm-ctØbpw ad-∂ p-sIm-≠p≈ ae-bm-fn-bpsS kao]Ime \mSy-ß ƒ kz¥ w kzXzsØ ae-bmfn X≈n-∏-d™Xns‚ A]-I-S-ß ƒ F∂ n-ß s\ amXr-`m-jmkvt\lw sshhn-[y-ß -tfmsS Bhn-jv°-cn-°-s∏´ GXm\pw Ihn-X-Iƒ Ip´n-Isf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ømw. {Kq∏p-I-fn¬ \¬Im-hp∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ ae-bmfw ˛ Hm. F≥. hn. AΩ-a-e-bmfw ˛ Ipco∏pg {ioIp-am¿ ae-bmfw ˛ bqk-^en tI®cn acn-°-bmtWm ae-bm-fta \o? ˛ bqkp-^en tIt®cn hm°v˛ a[p-kq-Z-\≥ \mb¿ Hcp Znhkw ˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ (I-hn-X-Iƒ A\p-_-‘-ambn \¬In-bn-´p-≠v) kz¥ w `mj-tbbpw kwkvIm-c-tØbpw Ipdn®v Ihn kq£n-°p∂ k¶¬∏-ß ƒ, Ip™ns‚ hf¿®bn¬ amXr-`mj sNep-Øp∂ kzm[o-\w, amXr-`m-j-bpw kwkvIm-chpw Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ -Xnse A]I-S-ß ƒ F∂ n-h-bn-eq∂ n A[ym-]nI N¿®m kqN-I-ß ƒ hnI-kn-∏n®v IhnXm hni-I-e\ t\cØp {Kq∏n¬ \¬Ip-a-t√m. Hmtcm Ihn-X-bnepw Bhn-jv°-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ `mjm kvt\l-Øns‚ sshhn[yw F∂ [mc-W-bn-te°v Ip´n-Isf \bn-°m-\p-X-Ipw-hn[w A[ym-]nI {Kq∏n¬ CS-s]-Sp-a-t√m. {Kq∏n¬ e`n® Ihn-X-bn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-°-s∏´ `mjm kvt\lw F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ipdn∏p Xøm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ p. sa®-s∏-´h s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ p. Hmtcm {Kq∏pw Ah-X-cn-∏n°p-∂ -Xnse {][m\ Imcy-ß ƒ A[ym-]nI BBbn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ p. A[ym-]nIbpsS t{ImUo-I-c-WØn-\p-tijw ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-°-s∏´ `mjm-kvt\lw F∂ hnj-bsØ ap≥ \ndpØn Hcp D]-\ymkw hy‡n-K-X-ambn Ip´n-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°-s´.

Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°mw. `mj-bpsS emhWyw Ip´n-Iƒ A\p-`hn-®-dn-bp-∂ Xv Bkzm-Z-\-Ønse At\z-j-W-ß -fn-eq-sS-bmWv. kmam-\y-amb Hcp Bi-b-Xew khn-ti-j-amb Bhn-jv°m-c-X-e-Øn-te°v hf-cp-∂ Xpw hnI-kn-°p∂ Xpw, {]tXy-In®v Ihn-X-I-fn¬. IhnXsb BI¿j-I-am°n am‰p∂ L´-ß ƒ Cg-]n-cn-s®-Sp-°m\pw Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p-ap≈ {]m]vXn Ip´n-Iƒ t\tS-≠-Xp-≠v. ]mT-`m-KsØ "Fs‚ `mj' F∂ IhnX ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ p. Ip´n-I-fn¬ Nne¿ IhnX CuW-Øn¬ sNm√p∂ p. IhnX hyXykvX CuW-Øn¬ sNm√m-\p≈ km[y-X-IqSn Cu ka-bØv ]cnK-Wn-°p-a-t√m. Ihn-X-bnse CjvS-s∏´ hcn-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´. Cu hcn-Iƒ CjvS-s∏-Sm-\p≈ Imc-W-ß ƒ ]d-b-s´. Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ß ƒ Nm¿´n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ømw. hcn-Iƒ CjvS-s∏-Sm≥ Fs¥ m-°-bmhmw Imc-W-ß ƒ? CuWw, Xmfw, hmMvab Nn{X-ß ƒ Ae-¶mc I¬]-\-Iƒ, Bi-b-`wKn F∂ nh Imhy LS-I-ß -fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂ -Xm-Wv. N¿®-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ kq£vahpw hyXy-kvX-hp-amb A`n-{]m-b-ß ƒ Icp-X-temsS ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xt√? N¿®bn¬ cq]-s∏´ kqN-I-ß -fpsS ASn-ÿ m-\-Øn¬ Fs‚ `mj F∂ Ihn-Xbv°v Hcp Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v hy‡n-K-X-ambn Xøm-dm-°-s´. GXm\pw Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ p. hyXy-ÿ -am-bh ]cn-K-Wn®v A[ym-]nI N¿® t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂ p. N¿®-bpsS ta¬ cq]-s∏´ [mc-W-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v sa®-s∏-SpØn Fgp-X-s´. 117

Nn{X-hm-b\ \nco-£W Ipdn∏v hyXykvX hyh-lmc cq]-ß ƒ \nco-£n-°m\pw Bi-b-Xew Is≠-SpØv `mj-bn¬ Bhn-jv°cn-°m-\p-ap≈ tijn Cu {]h¿Ø\w e£y-an-Sp-∂ p. Ffp∏w {i≤ £Wn-°m-\p≈ Nn{X-ß -fpsS khnti-jX Cu {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ NSp-eX h¿≤n-∏n-°p∂ LS-I-ambn FSp-°mw. n amXr`mjm ]T\w C∂ v t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ {]ta-b-ambn hcp∂ kÆ n.-sI.-am-Smbn hc® \mev Nn{X-ß -f-S-ß p∂ Hcp jo‰ns‚ t^mt´m tIm∏n {Kq∏p-I-fn¬ \¬Ip∂ p. eLp-hmb GXm\pw tNmZy-ß -fn-eqsS {Kq∏p-I-fpsS {i≤ Nn{X-Øn-te°v £Wn-°p-∂ p.

Nn{X-Øn¬ {]Xn-^-en-°p∂ Bi-b-sa-¥ m-Wv. Cu Nn{X-ß -fnse Bi-b-tØmSv \nß ƒ tbmPn-°p-∂ pthm? \nß -fpsS A`n-{]mbw F¥ mWv? a‰p-`m-j-I-fpsS B{I-aWw, ]{X-`mj \n¿Ωn® sshI-ey-ß ƒ, Nm\¬ `mj-bn¬ tNm¿∂ p-t]mIp∂ emh-Wy-X-ew, `mjsb kw_-‘n®v amdnh-cp∂ ae-bm-fn-bpsS at\m-`m-hw, {]tbm-P-\-hm-Z-Øn-eq118

∂ n-bp≈ CØcw at\m-`mhw hcp-Øn-sh-°p∂ \jvS-ß ƒ, kz¥ w `mj Ah-Im-i-am-sW∂ Xncn-®-dnhn-√mbva F∂ nh N¿®-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sm-hp∂ Bi-b-ß -fm-Wv.

{]`mjWw Xøm-dm°mw hS-°≥ sFb¿e-≠p-Im-c-\mb tUhnUv {Inì Xs‚ {it≤-b- ]pkvXIamb `mj-bpsS acWw (Language death) ]pd-Øn-d-°p-∂ Xv 2000-Øn-em-Wv. AXn\v F{Xtbm apºv ae-bm-f-Øn¬ amXr-`mj Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ -Xns‚ thZ-\bpw DXvI-WvTbpw {]ta-b-ambn [mcmfw teJ-\-ß fpw ]T-\-ß fpw Fgp-X-s∏-´n-cp-∂ p. Cu bqWn‰v Ip´n-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Cu taJ-e-bn-ep≈ teJ-\-ß fpw Adn-bm\p≈ Ah-kcw IqSn Ah¿°p-e-`n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂ GXm\pw teJ-\-`m-K-ß fpw teJ-\-ß fpw {Kq∏p-I-fn¬ \¬Imw. •

ae-bm-fw˛ ad-°p-∂ -h¿ ˛Fw.-Sn.

•

Xe-t®m-dn¬ Hcp G®p-sI-´v-˛-k-°-dnb

•

ae-tbmfw Db-c-Øn-se≥ ae-bm-fw˛ A_vZpƒ kaZv ka-Zm\n

•

amXr-`m-jsb ]pd-Øm-°p-∂ -sX-ß -s\˛ hn. \ntXjv

teJ-\-ß ƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Bi-b-Xew Is≠-Øp-∂ -Xn\v Bh-iy-amb kqN-I-ß ƒ hnI-kn∏n®v {Kq∏n¬ \¬Im≥ A[ym-]nI {ian-°p-a-t√m. teJ-\-Øns‚ hmb\, amXr`mjm ]T\w t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ, Bscm-s°-bmWv Cu Ah-ÿ bv°v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Iƒ, CXp-sIm≠v kaq-l-Øn\v D≠m-Ip∂ \jvS-ß ƒ, F∂ nh kqN-I-ß -fmbn hcpw hn[w teJ\w ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. {Kq∏p-Iƒ Ah¿°p e`n-®-te-J-\-ß -fnse D≈-S°w kqN-I-ß -fpsS ]n¥ pWtbmsS ]cn-tim[n®v Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ hy‡n-K-X-ambn Xøm-dm-°-s´. s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. {][m\ Bi-b-ß ƒ t_mUn¬ A[ym-]nI tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´. t{ImUo-I-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw N¿®-bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn™ [mc-W-IfpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ amXr-`m-jm-Zn-\-Øn¬ kvIqƒ Akw-ªn-bn¬ \S-Øm-hp∂ Hcp {]`m-jWw Xømdm°mhp∂ XmWv (hy-‡n-K-Xw)

•

Bibw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xp∂ p

hnZym-`ymk {]{In-b-bn¬ amXr`mjm-]-T\w Ip´n-bpsS Ah-Im-i-am-Wv. Hcp ]≤-Xn-sb∂ \nebn¬ AXv cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ -h-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-hp-am-Wv. k¿Km-fl-I-ambn hf-cm\pw hnI-kn-°m\pw Ip´n°v Ign-s™-¶n¬ am{Xta Ah\v/Ahƒ°v kaq-l-Øn\v kw`m-h\ sNøm≥ Ignbq. amXr`mjm \ntj[w hnZym-`ymk ]≤Xn apt∂ m´p sh°p∂ kmaq-lnI e£y-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn\v FXncm-Wv. Cu Nn¥ DW¿Øp-Ibt√ sI\n-b≥ Fgp-Øp-Im-c\mb KqKn-hm-Xo-Hmw-tKm-bpsS "hm°ns‚ IqsScnbp∂ p' F∂ Bfl-I-Ym-kv]¿i-ap≈ teJ-\w.

•

hm°ns‚ IqsS-cn-bp∂ p F∂ teJ\w {Kq∏p-I-fn¬ \¬Ip-∂ p. teJ-\-Øns‚ Bi-bXew Is≠-Øp∂ Xn\v A[ym-]nI t\csØ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ kqN-I-ß -fpsS Hcp h¿°v jo‰p-IqSn \¬Ip-∂ p.

h¿°vjo-‰n¬ Dƒs∏-tS-≠p∂ Imcy-ß ƒ

•

KnIn-bp `mjXn HmwtKm-bpsS apØ-—≥amcpw apØ-»n-amcpw Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]d-™p-sIm-SpØ-Xp-t]m-ep≈ IY-Iƒ \ΩpsS `mj-bnepw Ct√? Hcp IY Hm¿sØ-SpØv Ht∂ m ct≠m hmIy-Øn¬ IY ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ømtam? 119

•

CØ-c-Øn¬ Hcp IY \nß ƒ°pw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\m-hptam? apXn¿∂ -h¿ ]d™p HmwtKm tI´ IY-Ifnse {][m\ {]tabw Fs¥ m-s°-bm-Wv? IYm-h-X-c-W-Øns‚ Fs¥ √mw km[y-X-I-fmWv HmwtKm-hy-‡-am-°p-∂ Xv?

•

"]ns∂ Rm≥ kvIqfn¬ tN¿∂ p Hcp tImtfm-Wn-b≥ kvIqfn¬'˛ Fs¥ m-s°bmWv am‰-ß ƒ? amXr-`mj kwkm-cn-®¬ ]ng CuSm-°n-b- -sX-ß s\bmbncp∂ p? Cw•ojv `mj-bn¬ tXm¬°p-∂ -h¿°v Fs¥ ms° \ntj-[n-°-s∏-´p. {Kq∏n¬ teJ-\-Øns‚ hmb\ \S-°-s´. \¬Inb h¿°v jo‰v hy‡n-K-X-ambn ]qcn-∏n-°p-∂ p. {Kq∏n¬ N¿®-sNbvXp hy‡X ssIh-cn-°p-∂ p. sa®-s∏-Sp-Ønb H∂ v s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ p. h¿°v jo‰n-eqsS t\Snb Bi-b-[m-c-W-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Xmsg tN¿Ø ]{X-hm¿Øbpw teJ-\-`mKhpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn-∏p-X-øm-dm-I-s´.

ae-bmfw kwkm-cn-®-Xn\v Cw•ojv aoUnbw kvIqfn¬ Ip´nbpsS Xe sam´-bn®p tImgn-t°mSv: ¢mkv apdn-bn¬ ae-bmfw kwkm-cn-®-Xn\v kvIqƒ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ \memw ¢mkp-Im-cs‚ Xe sam´-b-Sn-®p. ¢mkn¬ \n∂ pw Ip´nsb hnfn-®n-d°n Ãm^v dqan-\-Sp-Øp≈ Hgn™ ¢mkv apdn-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]mbmWv sam´-b-Sn-®-sX∂ v c£n-Xmhv \¬Inb ]cm-Xn-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂ p. ¢mkv apdn-bnepw kvIqƒ Imº-knepw ae-bmfw ]d-™-Xn\v Ip´n-Iƒ°v ASnbpw iIm-chpw \nXy-kw-`-h-am-sW∂ v c£n-Xm-°ƒ ]d-bp-∂ p. tImgn-t°mSv Su¨t]m-eokv kvIqƒ A[n-Ir-X-cpsS t]cn¬ tIkv Nm¿÷v sNbvXv At\z-jWw XpSß n.

Poh-N-cn-{X-Ip-dn∏v Xøm-dm°mw {]mtZ-in-I-amb `mjbv°pw kwkvIm-c-Øn\pw t\tc \S-°p∂ IS-∂ p-I-b-‰-ß ƒ temI-sغmSpw \S-°p∂ Hcp {]h-W-X-bm-Wv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ ka-kvX-ta-J-e-bnepw Ch¿ \ne-\n-dp-Øp∂ ⁄m\hpw kwkvIm-chpw A[n-\n-th-i-Øn-s\-Xnsc Db-cp∂ ISpØ {]Xn-tcm-[-am-Wv. cmjv{S-Øn-\IØpw ]pd-Øp-ambn Db-cp∂ IS-∂ pIb-‰-Øn-s\-Xnsc temI-sØ-ºm-Sp-ap-b-cp∂ {]Xn-tcm[ i_vZØns‚ ss[j-Wn-I-ap-J-amWv KpKn-hmXo HmwtKm. Cu bqWn-‰ns‚ hn\n-ab e£y-ß -fn-sem-∂ mbn Cu {]Xn-tcm[ i_vZw Ip´n-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-b-s´. KqKn-hmXn HmwtKmsb kw_-‘n®v sh_vsk-‰n¬ \n∂ pw Uu¨ temUp sNbvsX-SpØv FUn-‰vsNbvX hnh-c-aWv Xmsg tN¿°p-∂ -Xv. Ngugi wa Thiong'o : Born January 5, 1938 is a Kenyan author, formerly working in English and now working in Gikuyu. His work includes novels, plays, short stories, and essays, ranging from literary and social criticism to children's literature. He is the founder and editor of the Gikuyu-language journal Mutiri In 1977, Ngugi embarked upon a novel form of theater in his native Kenya which sought to liberate the theatrical process from what he held to be " the general bourgeois education system" by encouraging spontaneity and audience participation in the performances. Ngugi's project sought to "demystify" the theatrical process, and to avoid the "process of alienation produces a gallery of active stars and an undifferentiated mass of grateful admirers" which according 120

to Ngugi, encourages passivity in "ordinary people" Although Ngaahika Ndeenda was a commercial success, it was shut down by the authoritarian Kenyan regime six weeks after its opening. Ngugi was subsequently imprisoned for over a year. Adopted as an Amnesty Prisoner of Conscience, the artist was released from prison, and fled Kenya. In the United STates, he taught at Yale University for some years, and has since also taught at New York University, with a dual professorship in Comparative Literature and Performance Studies, and the University of California, Irvine, Ngugi has frequently been regarded as a likely candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature. His son is the author Mukoma wa Ngugi

Cw•o-jn¬ e`-y-amb hnh-c-ß fpw teJ-\hpw ]cn-K-Wn®v Ip´n-Iƒ XnHmwtKm-bpsS hni-Z-amb Poh-Ncn-{X-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°-s´.

_nw_ Iev]-\-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ipdn∏p Xøm-dm°mw ""-I-Øp-s∂ m-tc-gp-Xn-cn-Iƒ Nqgpw IpØp-hn-f-°ns‚ Iqºp-t]mse F-gp-s]m-∂ m-ß -f-am¿ \Sp-hn¬ Gh¿°p-a-Ω-bmbv Ipt™-SØn '' ˛ Ipt™-SØn (H.-F≥.-hn)

{]Xn-I-c-W-°p-dn∏v FgpXmw kz¥ w Ncn-{X-Ønepw kwkvIm-c-Ønepw thcn-d-°n-s°m-≠p- -am-{Xta Hcp-a-\p-jy\v, Ah≥/Ahƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ kaq-lØn\v, hf-cm-\m-hp-I-bp-≈q. temI-tØmfw hf¿∂ hcp-sSbpw kz¥ w taJ-ebn¬ ]c-am-h[n hnP-bn-®-h-cp-sSbpw Xpd∂ v ]d-®n-ep-Iƒ CXv km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ p. kz¥ w kzXz-tØbpw kwkvIm-c-tØbpw X≈n-∏-d-bp-tºmƒ kw`-hn-°p-∂ Xv k¿§m-flI PohnX-Øns‚ apc-Sn∏pw A\y-h¬°-c-W-hp-am-sW∂ Xn\v Gsd DZm-l-c-W-ß -fp-≠v. \¿Ø-In-bpw Ne-®n{X \Snbpw kwhn-[m-bn-I-bp-amb Ipamcn tim`-\-bp-ambn a[p sI. at\mPv \S-Ønb A`n-apJ `mKw {i≤n-°q.. (Kr-l-e£van 2011 BKkvXv e°w) tNmZyw : sNss∂ -bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂ p. Xangpw Cw•ojpw IqSp-X-embn kwkm-cn-°p∂ p FSp°p∂ kn\na ae-bm-f-Øn¬!

F∂ n-´pw

DØcw: Fs‚ amXr-`m-j-bmWv ae-bm-fw. F\n°v ae-bm-f-tØ-°mƒ \∂ mbn Xangv kwkm-cn°m-\-dn-bmw. ]t£ Fs‚ kwkvImcw ae-bm-fn-bp-tS-Xm-Wv. sF Im≥ kv]o°v Cw•ojv s_‰¿ _´v sF Im≠v Xn¶v C≥ Cw•o-jv. Rm≥ lnµn kzbw U∫v sNøp-∂ p. ]s£ Hcp lnµn-Im-cn-bm-Im≥ F\n°v Ign-bn-√. F\n°v Nn¥ n-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ `mj ae-bm-f-am-Wv. Rm≥ kz]v\w ImWp-∂ -Xpt]mepw ae-bm-f-Øn-em-Wv. Fs‚ tamƒ kwkm-cn-°p-∂ Xpw ae-bm-f-am-Wv. as‰mcp `mjbpw Ahƒ°dn-bn-√.- tamsf ae-bmfw ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n-bn´v a\-∏q¿∆w Rms\mcp {iahpw \S-Øn-bn-´n-√. F∂ n´pw Ahƒ ae-bmfw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂ p. AXmWv amXr-`m-j-bpsS {]tXy-I-X. •

ae-bm-f-tØ-°mƒ \∂ mbn Xangv kwkm-cn-°m-\-dn-bmw. ]t£ Fs‚ kwkvImcw ae-bm-fnbp-tS-Xm-Wv.

•

sF Im≥ kv]o°v Cw•ojv s_‰¿ _´v sF Im≠v Xn¶v C≥ Cw•o-jv.

•

Rm≥ lnµn kzbw U∫v sNøp-∂ p. ]s£ Hcp lnµn-°m-cn-bm-Im≥ F\n°v Ign-bn-√.

•

tamsf ae-bmfw ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n-bn´v a\:-∏q¿∆w Rms\mcp {iahpw \S-Øn-bn-´n-√. F∂ n´pw Ahƒ ae-bmfw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂ p.

tim`-\-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-tØmSv \nß ƒ tbmPn-°p-∂ pt≠m? Hcp {]Xn-I-c-W-°p-dn∏v Xøm-dm-°p-I. 121

`mjm skan-\m¿ amXr-`mjm kvt\lw tIhew CXc `mj-I-tfm-Sp≈ Ak-ln-jvWp-X-bm-h-cp-Xv. amXr-`m-jbv°v t\tc Db-cp∂ IS-∂ p-I-b-‰-Øn\v Nne ZpjvS e£y-ß -fp-≠v. amXr-`mjm kwc-£Ww Ah-Im-i-t_m[-ap≈ P\-X-bpsS cmjv{Sob DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-am-Wv. amXr`mjm Ah-KW\bvs°-Xn-sc-bp≈ Ncn-{X-]chpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb At\z-j-W-ß ƒ°v Ip´n-Isf klm-bn°pw hn[-am-IWw `mjm skan-\m¿ kwLSn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv. Bdv {Kq∏p-I-fmbn D]-hn-j-b-ß ƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s´. "ae-bm-fhpw ae-bm-fn-Ifpw' F∂ s]mXp-hn-j-b-Øn-\p-Io-gn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-tS≠ D]-hn-j-b-ß ƒ N¿® sNø-s´. hm°ns‚ IqsS-cnbp∂ p F∂ bqWn-‰ns‚ hn\n-ab tijw t\Snb [mc-W-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ D] hnj-b-ß ƒ Is≠Øp-∂ p.

ae-bm-fhpw ae-bm-fn-Ifpw D]-hn-j-b-ß ƒ o

tIc-fw˛ kwÿ m-\-cq-]o-I-c-Ww-˛-`m-j-bv°p≈ ÿ m\w

o

ae-bm-fhpw \mtSmSn kmln-Xyhpw

o

ae-bm-fhpw am[y-a-`m-jbpw

o

amdp∂ ae-bmfw

o

`mjbpw kaq-lhpw

A\p- _‘w hm°v A-—-\p-a-Ωbpw hms°-∂ p tI´p Rm≥ A£-c-∏n® \S∂ q \nem-hnse \oe-hm\w t]mse Rm\q-dn-h-s∂ mcm \mZ-aq-I-mN-e-sa-∂ n-e-en-™p-t]mbv "a°sf'sb∂ p ]meq-dp-s∂ m-c≥]v, F\n˛ s°ms°bpw X∂ p XncpØpw hb-ºv, hn¨ s]m°-Øn-se-s∂ -sb-Sp-Øp-bp¿Øpw h≥]v sNm¬°-fn-∏m-´w, Ifn-º-ß ƒ Np‰nepw hm°v aW-°p-∂ n-\n-bv°p∂ p hms°s∂ t\m°n-®n-cn-°m≥ hnf°p IØn-°p∂ p In°n-fn-bm-°p∂ p, \mZ-ambv hs∂ s∂ b°-sc-b-°-sc-s°m-≠p-t]m-bo-Sp-∂ p. Fs∂ bpd-°m≥ InS-Øp-tºmgpw, sas√˛ sas√-bn-cp-´n-∂ p-a-∏pdw {]f-b-Ønsem-∂ m-b-en-s®-Sp-°p-tºmgp, ]ns∂ ˛ Rm\-dn-bmsX hnfn-®p-W¿Øptºmpw F¥ n-s\-∂ n-√m-sX-bp-Z-b-K-Xn-hn-e-b-ß -sf-∂ n-eq-sS-∂ p-am-h¿Øn®n-Sptºmgpw hms°-s‚-b-Ω-bp-a-—-\p-am-Ip∂ p hm°n≥ hnc¬ Xqß n-bt√m \S-°p-∂ p. 122

(a-[p-kq-Z-\≥ \mb¿)

ae-bmfw F{X kpµ-csa{X kpµ-c˛ sas‚ ae-bmfw apØp ]hn-g-ß ƒ sImcp-sØmcp˛ s]m∂ p-\q¬t]mse! aÆ n¬ hoWp IpcpØp s\∑-Wn˛ hnØp-ap-f-s]m´n an∂ p-ao-cne hoioSpw t]m˛ se{X-bo-c-Sn-Iƒ aÆ n¬th¿∏q-hn-X-®-h¿X ∂ oWambv h∂ p! A∂ p-]m-Sn-b-]m-´n-eq-™memSn ae-bmfw sIm©epw Ipdp-sam-gn-Ifpw t]mbv IY-Iƒ ]e-tXm-Xn, s\©-W-s®mcp Kpcp hf¿Ønb Infn-a-Iƒ ]mSo tZh-ssZ-Xy-a-\p-jy-h¿§˛ alm-N-cn-{X-ß ƒ tX≥ In\nbpw hm°n-temXn hf¿∂ p ae-bmfw F{X- kpµ-c-sa{X kp-µ-c-sas‚ ae-bmfw apØp-]-hn-g-ß ƒ sImcp-sØm-cp˛ kz¿Æ -am-enI t]m¬ (H. F≥. hn.)

ae-bmfw ASp-Ø-ho-´nse Nc-a-i-ø-bn¬ A\-°-a-‰t{X InS∏p apØ»n hnhcw tI´p Rm\-hn-sS-sb-Øn,-sb≥ hntZ-in-bm-samcp kplr-Øn-s\msSm∏w hnc™p Zo¿L-ambv izkn∏q apØ-»n, Xcn®p \n¬°bmw P\-ß ƒ Np‰nepw acp∂ p hmbn-te-s°m-gn-°m-\m-ImsX ]cpß pw ]p{XnsbØS-s™mcp hr≤≥ ]Xp-s°-tbm-Xn-\m≥: ""A\¿∞ -eu-InIw aXn-bn\n; Du¿≤zwhen XpS-ß n-t∏mbv'' AhnsSbs∏m-gp-X-Jn-e¿°pw IÆ n¬ AIm-e-Xm-akw `b-an-b-‰-th, Xe-\-c® as‰mcp htbm hr≤ \ne-hn-f-°n-s‚-b-cn-In¬ h∂ n-cp˛ s∂ mcp Po¿Æ -{KŸw ]IpØp ssI°q-∏n˛ ®nc-]-cn-Nn-X-I-hnX ]mSp-hm≥ XpS-ß n; sas√-th-bn-cp-f-I-ep-∂ q, XpSp-sh-fn-®-Øn≥ Xfn-c-f-Ip∂ q.

123

Acn-b I¿∏q-c-∏p-I-®p-cpƒt]m-ep˛ s≠mcp Iocw a®n¬ ]d-∂ p-]m-Sp-∂ q Icn-¶-√w-K-\m-kp-j-a-bm-Ip-∂ p, Inco-S-XrjvW shs¥ -cn-™-S-ß p-∂ q, \nim-N-c-{KkvXw \cXzw ap‡n-X≥ {]im-¥ n-a-{¥ -ambv arXnsb sh√p∂ p! hncm-Kamw s]mcpƒ, kcm-Khm-Mva-bw˛ ]pcm-W-ao-hn-[-sam-gpIn \n¬°-th, \nd™ Nn{Z-k-i-a-IWw apI¿˛ ∂ \-¥ X-bn¬t®¿∂ -en™p apØ-»n. Ag-en-em-s∏´ X\qP tXß n-\mƒ; AgpXp Iq‰p-Im¿ arZp-hmbv apØ»n Nncn-°m-s\-t∂ mWw hnS-sØmcm Np≠n¬ kv^pcn®p I´bmw eLp-cm-am-bWw!

acn-°-bmtWm ae-bm-fta \o? ambp-∂ nXm tNjvS-Iƒ aµw-aµw acn-°-bmtWm ae-bm-fta \o? ]mTm-e-b-Øn¬, sXcp-hn¬ kz`m-jm˛ {]tbm-K-an-∂ m-´n-se-\m-cy-sa-∂ m-bv, AΩn-™-bp-Æ p∂ InSm-hn-t\bpw "aΩn-'Øp-dp-¶n¬ XS-bp∂ aqew R≠ns‚ a°ƒ kzP-\n-{X-sb-t∏m¬ sXm≠m°n \mw \ΩpsS `mj-tbbpw sat°msf X≥ l¿ay-a-Sn-®p-hm-cm≥ taem-f-sc-Øm-Wp-h-Wß n aqIw hcw Xtc-≠p∂ he-¶-c-Øn¬ Nqte¥ n \n¬]p ae-bmf `mj e£w almhr£-sagpw h\-Øn¬ ]£n-°Xn¬ tN°-acw {][m\w htc-Wyamw Xmbvsamgn P∑-\m-´n¬ hkn-°p-thm¿s°m-s°-bp-a-{]-[m-\w. `mj-bv°-W-s™mcp hn]-Øp-Xs∂ _m[n-®p-t]m¬ kmln-Xn-tb-bp-sam∏w sXmen-∏p-d-t؉ \J-£Xw Xm≥ Xpe-®nSmw {]mW-t\bpw Nne-t∏mƒ h‘y-Xz-tamepw apIn¬am-e-t]mse hmbv°p∂ p Imthy-X-c-hm-Mva-b-ß ƒ ]Zyw kzbw thj-a-Wn™p h∂ KZyw, \ndw tN¿Ø hnNm-c-Zm-kyw. Ffp-∏-am-tWm¿Ω-bn¬ \nXy-Zo]w sImfp-Øp-hm≥ iø-sbgpw \n_‘w ad-∂ n-tS≠pw Ihn-Xbv°p ap‡˛ —µ p cmk-Xz-cIw IW-°mw. N¥ w ISw hmß nb ]´v t\dmw,

124

kz¥ w ]cp-Øn-ØpWn tami-am-Imw. Bh-s´, b\y¿°-[-a¿Æ -c-√m˛ Xmhp-∂ -Xt√ Ihn-Iƒ°p Imayw. cmPym-¥ c {]uVn-bn-eq-‰-am¿∂ o cmPysØ \nµn-∏-X-hn-Zy-bt{X tNte-sd-bp-t≈mcp aZm-Ω-bmbm¬˛ t∏mepw kzam-Xm-hn\p Xpey-bmtam? ]tbm-[-c-Øns‚ ]pI-gvN-tbbpw ]W-Øn-\mbn {]`p-h-cy-t\bpw hmt\m-f-ta‰pw ae-bm-f-Im-hy˛ hym]m-chpw ]≠p \S-∂ n-cn-°mw. F∂ m-e-]q¿hm-i-b-ku-jvT-h-Øm˛ -se∂ pw at\m-PvR-{]-`-bm¿∂ p-an∂ pw kmln-Xy-c-Xv\-ß fp-ap-≠-sX√mw kmc-⁄-tc-¥ p∂ p inc- n-en-∂ pw, C∂ n-∂ te \msf-I-sfms° a∂ n¬ hs∂ -Øn-bm¬ t]mhp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw F∂ m¬ \in-°mØ \h-Xz-ap-≈˛ sXs¥ ∂ p Nn¥ n-®n-sXm-cp¬∏-XnjvWp: anYym-\p-am-\-ß ƒ aYn®p \nXy˛ kXym-ar-tX¥ o Ihn Imfn-Zm-k≥ ""]pcm-W-an-tXyh \ km[p k¿hw \ Nm]o Imhyw \h-an-Xy-h-Zyw''. Imeo\ Imhyw £WnIw, ka-kvX˛ Imeo-\-am-bm-eXp \nXy-\hyw C¥ y≥ Ihn-s°m-∏-antX hn[-Øn¬ Nn¥ n®p ]m›m-Xy-a-\o-jn-amcpw hcyw kz\m-So≥ X\-Xmb ]mc˛ ºcy-Øn-s\-Øs∂ \hoI-cn-°¬ AXmWp \nXym-[p-\n-I-Xz-taIpw ]q¿h-{]-hr-≤n-{]-Z-k¿§-kn≤n. C∂ m-´n-em-I-s´,-sb-gp-Øp-Im-c≥ hymJy-\-Im-cs‚ hc-ºn¬ hmgvhq. km£m¬ Ih-\n-°p-≠p-]-hn-jvS-\m-Im≥ knwlm-k\w `mhp-I-am-\-k-Øn¬ Xs∂ -∏p-I-gvØm≥ kvXpXn-]m-T-I-∑m¿ X≥Io-gn-en-√m-sØmcp Imhy-Im-c≥ kmΩm-\y-\-ev-s#-∂ p, hcm-Xn-cn-°m≥ kwLsØ \n¿Ωn®p Ipem-[n-\m-Y≥ Xmcm-´p-]m-Sm≥ a[p-a-Ø-hr-µw, Xmfw-]n-Sn-°m-\p-]-Pm-]-h¿§w, Dd-ß o-Sp∂ p Ihn, \n{Z-bn¬Ø˛ \pc-®nSpw hm°p-Iƒ hmMva-b-ß ƒ, Ejn-°p-t]mepw {ia-kn-≤-amb Ihn-Xz-ta,-\n≥\n-e-Xm-Wp-XmWv I©m-h-Sn-t∏m-\psS tXmfn-ep≈ k©n-°-I-sØ-∂ nl h∂ p-tN¿∂ p. 125

CXn¬]cw \oNX thsd-sb-ß p˛ ≠o amXr-cm-Py-Øn\[x]Xn-°m≥! tamlm-‘-Im-cm-h-cWw Xpc∂ p tam£-{]-Zo]w sXfn-bp-∂ sXt∂ m! am\-£-b-{]m-W-`-b-Øm¬ \odn acn-®oSpw ap∂ -ar-Xm-b-am\w acp∂ p amXm-hn\p \evIn-SmsX ab-°-amtWm ae-\m-´p-a-°ƒ?

(bq-k-^en tIt®-cn)

AΩ aem-bmfw Imhy-°-cp-°-fn¬ Xmcm-´p-]m-´ns‚ CuW-®-Xn-t®-e-dn™p Nncn-s®m-cmƒ sR´n-sØ-dn®p XI¿∂ p tNmZn-°p∂ p hn‰pthm \o Fs‚ Pohn-X-`m-jsb? Hmebpw \mcm-bhpw Im™n-c-Øns‚ tNme-bn¬ h®p \an®p Xncn-s™m-cmƒ BZnXy t\{Xw Xpd∂ p tNmZn-°p∂ p FXp IS-en¬ Fdn™p \o `mjsb? Nn©new \n∂ p Nne-¶-I-fp-co´n s\©Øp ssIh®p tNmZn-°-bm-sWm-cmƒ Np´pthm \o Fs‚ tIc-f-`m-jsb? hoW-]q-hns‚ inc p tNmZn-°p∂ p t{]a-kw-Ko-X-X-] p tNmZn-°p∂ p Nn{X-tbm-K-Øn¬ \` p tNmZn-°p∂ p aWn-\m-Z-am¿∂ a\ p tNmZn-°p∂ p ]mSpw ]nimNv i]n®p tNmZn-°p∂ p ]¥ -ß ƒ t]dpw Ic-ß ƒ tNmZn-°p∂ p Ifn-b-—-s\bvX In\mhp tNmZn-°p∂ p Imhn-se-∏m-´n≥ IcpØp tNmZn-°p∂ p ]pØ-cn-®p-≠-bmbv tKmhn-µ-Nn-¥ -Iƒ ]pkvXIw hn´p Xg®p tNmZn-°p-∂ p. FhnsS FhnsS kly-]p{Xn ae-bmfw FhnsS FhnsS kvt\l-]q¿Æ -a-e-bmfw? aen-\-hkv{Xw [cn-®v, HmS-bn¬\n-s∂ -Wo‰v Acp-X-cpXv a°tf F∂ p tIgp∂ p ic-W-K-Xn-bn-√msX AΩ ae-bmfw lrZ-b-Øn¬\n∂ pw ]nd∂ ae-bm-fw. 126

BcpsS ap{Z? CXm-cpsS tNmc? BcpsS A\m-Yamw apd-hnfn ? BcpsS \ne-bv°mØ \ne-hnfn? A—s‚ Xosamgn AΩ-bpsS tX≥samgn Btcm-a¬t®-tIms‚ A¶-Øn-cp-samgn B¿®-bpsS Ddp-an-samgn sNdp-as‚ I\¬samgn ]g-»n-s∏-cp-º-S-t∏m-cn≥ \nd-samgn Ip™m-en-hmƒsamgn Xt®m-fn-Øp-Sn-samgn tXmcmsX s]øp∂ amdn-sØ-dn-samgn tXIp-hm≥, Du™m-en-em-Sp-hm≥ ]q\p-≈p-tbm-Sp-hm≥ hnf-sImbvXp tIdp-hm≥, hnØn-Sm≥ k¥ m-]-k-t¥ m-j-sam-s°-b-dn-bn-°p-hm≥ XΩn¬ ]nW-ß p-hm≥ ]ns∂ -bp-anW-ß p-hm≥ ]mSp-hm≥ ]©m-c-°vbvt]-sd-bn-jvS-sa-t∂ m-Xp-hm≥ Ic-bp-hm≥ s]mcp-Xp-hm≥ tNcp-hm≥ Np≠-Øn-cp∂ p Nq≠n-Ø-∂ ˛ \∑-bm-W-Ω-a-e-bmfw P∑-a-e-bmfw A\y-ambv t]mIp∂ Poh-a-e-bmfw Hm¿°p-I, A®\pw AΩbpw {]W-bn® `mj ae-bmfw Ipºn-fn¬ I™n hni-∏-m‰p-hm≥ hm°p X∂ ae-bm-fw. s]ß -tfm-sS√mw ]d™p Xfn¿°p-hm≥ h∂ ae-bmfw Iqen-t]m-sc-∂ -X-dn™p ]nW-ß p-hm≥ Bbp[w X∂ ae-bm-fw, D∏p I¿∏qcw Dan-°cn Dt∏cn sXm´p-Im-Wn® ae-bmfw ]p≈p-h-≥ho-W, ]p√m-¶p-g¬, \¥ pWn˛ s®m√p tIƒ∏n® ae-bm-fw, s]m´n-°-c-™p-sIm-t≠mSn hogp∂ p IjvS-Im-e-Øn≥ Ib-Øn¬ c£n-®n-tS≠ ssI Is√-Sp-°p-tºmƒ in£n®p Xr]vX-cm-hp-tºmƒ Hma-\-Øp-¶ƒ°n-Smhp tNmZn-°p∂ p 127

HmW-a-e-bm-fsØ F¥ p-sNbvXp? Hma¬a-e-bm-fsØ F¥ p-sNbvXp?

(Ip-co-∏pg {ioIp-am¿)

Hcp Znhkw k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ \K-c-ambn amdnb \m´n≥ ]pdsØ tdmUv tI_n-fp-Iƒ \∂ m-°m≥ Ipgn-®-t∏mƒ ]W-n°m-c\v Hcp tÉp IjvWw In´n AXn¬ "I' Fs∂ -gp-Xn-b-ncn-°p∂ p Fgp-sØ-s¥ -∂ -dn-bm≥ Abmƒ \K-c-Ønsetb‰hpw {]mbw sN∂ Imc-W-hsc ImWn-®p. Ft¥ m-Hm¿Ø-t]mse Abmƒ ]g-sbmcp s]´n-°-S-bn¬ InS∂ A≤ym-fl-cm-am-bWw s]mSn-X-´n-sb-Sp-Øp. ]d™p ""ho´n∂ p Xd-sb-Sp-°m≥ Ipgn-®-t∏mƒ apØ-®\p In´nb ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Cß -s\-sbt¥ m I≠n-´p-≠v. F\n-°-Xphm-bn-°-\-dn-bn√'' Bfp-Iƒ h´w IqSn-bn-cp∂ v cmam-b-W-Øn¬ ]cXn AXn¬ ]e-bn-SØpw Ah¿ B A£cw I≠p Iq´-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hc-[ym-]-I≥ ]d™p ]≠v ]≠v "ae-bmfw' F∂ Hcp hs´-gp-Øp-`mj D≠m-bn-cp∂ p B `mj-bnse "K' BWv CXv. ]ns∂ ∏ns∂ B `mj Bcpw Fgp-Xm-Xmbn kwkmcn-°m-sX-bmbn AXp-]-Tn® Nne¿ ]´n-Wn-bn¬ acn-®p. Hcp ImeØv B `mj-bn¬ PmX-Ihpw ]©mw-Khpw am{X-a√ IYbpw Ihn-X-bp-sam-s°-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ -s{X. Ct∏mƒ AXv hmbn-°m-\-dn-bm-hp-∂ -h-cm-cp-an-√. ]\-tbm-e-I-fn¬ A£-c-ß -fpsS Imcp-In-cp-∏p-W¿Øn, Hcp Im‰p-hmin ]‰nb-a¿∂ \nf-bpsS a¨X-cn-Iƒ Ft¥ m Hm¿Øv Xcn-®p. ag-am{Xw "IrjvW-KmY' ]mSns°m-t≠-bn-cp-∂ p.

128

ae-bmfw ad-°p-∂ -h≥ Fw.-Sn. tIc-f-∏n-d-hn-bpsS Znh-k-amb \hw-_¿ H∂ n\v ae-bm-fsØ kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ Btem-N-\-Ifpw ktΩ-f-\-ß fpw Xncp-h-\-¥ -]p-cØpw Fd-Wm-Ip-fØpw \S-∂ p. ae-bm-fsØ kwc-£n-°m≥ tIc-fØn¬ kwL-S-\-bp-≠m-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂ p F∂ v tI´m¬ a‰p-`m-j-°m¿°v A¤pXw tXm∂ mw. ae-bmfw ]Tn-°msX Xs∂ ChnsS Ip´n-Iƒ°v _ncp-Z-[m-cn-I-fm-hmw. {Ia-Øn¬ ae-bmfw FgpXm\pw hmbn-°m-\p-a-dn-bmsX Xs∂ ChnsS A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cm-hmw. AØcw Hcp kaqlw Xs∂ `mhnbn¬ cq]s∏Smw. ae-bm-fsØ c£n-°m≥ th≠n Fgp-Xp-Ibpw kwkm-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-sc√mw Du∂ n-∏-d-™-Xm-Wn-Xv. ae-bm-fsØ c≠mw `mj-bm-°n-b-Xns\ ChnsS BZy-ambn hna¿in-®Xv as‰mcp `mj-bnse Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\m-bn-cp-∂ p. ASpØ Imew hsc Km‘nPn k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bpsS sshkvNm≥k-em-dmbncp∂ tUm-IvS¿ bp. B¿. A\-¥ -aq¿Øn. c≠mw `mj-bmbn lnµn kzoI-cn-®-t∏mƒ k¿∆m-Wn-bpsS ]¥ n-bn-embn ae-bm-f-Øn\p ÿ m\w. Cw•ojpw lnµnbpw ]Tn-®mte ]pdØv tPmen t\Sm≥ km[n-°q. At∏mƒ ae-bm-f-Øn\v ]Icw lnµn ]Tn-®m-se-¥ mWv sX‰v? ae-bm-f-Øn\v Iq-Sp-X-sem∂ pw th≠ F∂ v tIƒ°p-∂ -h¿s°ms° tXm∂ pw, A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cpsS sXmgn-en-√mbva F∂ pw tIc-f-Øns‚ cq£-amb {]iv\-ambn \ne\n¬°p-tºmƒ. Cw•ojv ]Tn-°p-∂ -Xp-sIm≠v Hc-]-I-S-hp-an-√ F∂ v hniz-kn-°p∂ BfmWv Rm≥. C¥ y-bnte°v c≠v Cw•≠v IS-∂ p-h-∂ p. A[n-Im-chpw ssk\nI i‡nbpw D]-tbm-Kn®v Hcp P\-Xsb ASn-aØ-Øn¬ _‘n®nSp-Ibpw hn`-h-ß sf sIm≈-b-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX Hcp IdpØ Cw•-≠v. sjbv°vkv]n-b-dp-tSbpw an¬´-s‚bpw ¢mkn-°p-I-fpsS kwkvIm-c-ap≈ Hcp shfpØ Cw•≠pw hfsc apºv Phl¿em¬ s\lvdp ]d™-Xm-Wn-Xv. kmbv]pw ae-bm-fhpw kmbv]v AS-°n-`-cn-®n-cp∂ ImeØv kmbv]n\v ae-bm-f-Øn-t\mSv Ah-⁄-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ n-√ F∂ XmWv kXyw. tImƒ {_q°v k¿ hneyw tPm¨kv dn¬°n≥kv XpS-ß n-b-h-cmWv C¥ y≥ ¢mkn-°p-Isf-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]T-\-ß ƒ BZy-ambn temI-Øns‚ apºmsI Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ kmaqly t\mh¬ kmbv]ns‚ `c-W-Øn≥ Iogn¬ tkh-I-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcmƒ Fgp-Xn-b-Xn¬ Ah¿°v ]cn-lmkw tXm∂ n-bn-´n-√. ae-bmfw ]Tn® kmbv]v Ie-IvS¿ Uyqh¿§okv, CµpteJ hnh¿Ø\w sNøm≥ D’ p-I-\mbn F∂ Ncn{Xw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂ p. ae-bmfw c≠mw `mj-bm°tWm aq∂ mw `mj-bm°tWm GXp ¢mkp-hsc ae-bmfw \n¿_-‘am-°Ww F∂ -sXm-∂ p-a√ {]iv\w kz¥ w `mj-tbm-Sp≈ kao-]-\-Øn-emWv am‰w htc-≠-Xv. Cub-Sp-Ø-Im-eØv {^©v FgpØpIm-cpsS Hcp kwLw Z¬ln-bn¬ h∂ n-cp-∂ p. aq∂ v t\mh-enÃp-Ifpw Hcp \ncq-]-I-\pw. C¥ y-bn-tebpw {^m≥kn-tebpw Fgp-Øp-Im¿ tN¿∂ v t\mh¬ kt¶-X-ß sf-∏‰n N¿®-sN-øm≥ kmln-Xy-A°m-Z-an-bpw {^©v Fw_-knbpw tN¿∂ v Hcp-°nb ktΩ-f-\w. N¿®bpsS `mK-am-bn-´-√msX, {io. KwKm-[¿ ssKUvKn¬ Hcp tNmZyw tNmZn-®p. {^©v kmln-Xy-tØmSpw {^©v `mj-tbm-Spw Ahn-SpsØ hf-cp∂ Xe-apdbpsS kao-]-\-sa-¥ mWv? adp]Sn ]d™ t\mh-enÃv aZmw tImkvXm hni-Zo-I-cn-®p. F\n°v c≠m¨Ip-´n-I-fp-≠v. ]sØm-ºXv hb- mb Cf-b-h≥ F©n\ob-dnwKv ]Tn°p-∂ p. Ccp-]sØm∂ p hb- mb aqØ-h≥ ^ntem-k^n ]Tn-°p-∂ p. F©n-\o-b-dnwKmbmepw saUn-kn-\m-bmepw F¥ m-bmepw {^©p`mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw ]Tn-°msX AhnsS _ncp-Z-sa-Sp-°m≥ ]‰n-√. \oN-`m-j-Iƒ°v temI-im-kv{X-ß fpw hn⁄m-\-ß fpw Dƒs°m-≈m-\m-hn√ F∂ p Xpd∂ v ]c™-Xm-Wt√m sa°mtf ChnsS Cw•ojv hnZym-`ymkw Bcw`n®Xv. ]t£ _p≤n-am-∑m-cmb \ΩpsS 129

]q¿∆n-I¿ Cu hntZ-i-`mj \∂ mbn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn. kz¥ w `mj-Isf hf¿Øm≥ Cw•ojv hn⁄m\w Ah-cp-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn. Cw•o-jn¬ At\Iw t\mh¬ _p°p-Iƒ hcp-∂ p. AXp-t]msem∂ v ae-bm-f-Ønepw D≠m-h-W-sa∂ v tXm∂ n-bm-Wt√m {io. N¥ p-ta-t\m≥ Cµp-teJ Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. hntZi `mj-I-fnse hninjvS kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß -fpsS amXrI-bn¬ kz¥ w `mj-bn¬ krjvSn \S-Øn-bXns‚ ^e-ambn ChnsS KoX-I-ß ƒ, hnem-]-Im-hy-ß ƒ˛ Aß s\ ]e-Xp-ap-≠m-bn. kº-∂ -amb \ΩpsS sNdp-IYm kmlnXyw ]›mXy amXr-I-I-fn¬ \n∂ v [mcmfw {]tNm-Z\w Dƒs°m-≠n-´p-≠v. _wKm-fnbpw C•ojpw C•ojv ]Tn-°p-tºmgpw kz¥ w `mj-tbmSv BZ-c-hp-≠m-bn-cp∂ p F∂ XmWv kzmX-{¥ y-\p apºp≈ Ah-ÿ . kzmX-{¥ y-Øn\v -ti-jhpw CXv XpS¿∂ p. tIc-f-Øn-semgn-sI, _wKm-fnse CS-Ø-c-°mcpw kº∂ kaq-lhpw F∂ pw Cw•ojv hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v {]m[m\yw I¬∏n-®-h-cm-bn-cp∂ p Cw•-≠n-te°v Ip´n-Isf Ab®p ]Tn-∏n°pI F∂ -Xv. `{Z-tem-I-Øns‚ Ãm‰kv knw_-fm-bn-cp-∂ p. ]t£ hntZ-iØv t]mbn ]Tn-®mepw henb _ncp-Z-ß -sf-Sp-Ømepw _wKmfn `mj-tbmSv c‡_‘w ]pe¿Øp∂ Xn¬ Ah-sc∂ pw \njv°¿j ImWn-®p. _wKmfn kmln-Xyhpw Ipd®v cho{µ kwKo-Xhpw Adn-bp-∂ Xv F{X ]Tn® s]¨Ip-´n-bm-bmbepw Ieym-Wm-tem-N-\-bpsS ka-bØv AhfpsS ap≥Xq-°-ambn A∂ pw IW-°m-°-s∏-´p, C∂ pw Chn-sStbm? ""Ahƒ tIm¨sh‚n¬ ]Tn-®-h-fmWv ae-bmfw Adn-bn-√''˛ F∂ p ]d-bp-∂ -XmWv tIaØw F∂ ]ecpw [cn-°p-∂ p. Cu \ne-h-∂ ptN¿∂ Xv kzmX-{¥ y-Øn-\p-ti-j-am-Wv. ae-bm-fn-IƒXs∂ `cn-°m≥ XpS-ß n-bt∏m-gmWv ae-bm-f-tØmSv Ah⁄ tXm∂ n-∏n-°p∂ kwhn-[m\w D≠m-b-Xv. H∂ mw `mj-bpsStbm c≠mw `mj-bp-tStbm {]iv\-a√ Chn-sS. ae-bm-f-`m-j-tbm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS at\m-`m-h-Øn-emWv am‰w htc≠-Xv. Fs‚ Ip´n°p Xan-g-dn-bn√, admØnb-dn-bn-√, sXep-¶-dn-bn√ _wKm-fn-b-dn-bn√ F∂ v s]mß -®tØmsS ]d-bp∂ c£n-Xm-°sf Xangv \m´ntem alm-cm-jv{S-Øntem, B{‘-bntem, _wKm-fntem ImWptam? C√. `c-W-`m-jbpw tImS-Xn-`m-jbpw t_m[-\-`m-jbpw (B-[m-c-`m-j-bpw) aebmfam-°n-bXpw sIm≠mbn-√. kaq-l-Ønse Nne anYym-[m-c-W-I-fmWv BZyw amt‰-≠-Xv. ]{X-ta-J-e-bpsS hmgvN Zqc-Z¿i≥ {]N-cn-®-tØmsS lnµn ta[m-hnXzw h¿≤n®phcp∂ p F∂ Xpw kXy-am-Wv. Hcp `mjbv°pw ae-bm-fn-Iƒ FXn-c√. ae-bm-fn-Iƒ `mj-]-Tn-°p-∂ -Xn¬ hnZ-Kv[-cp-am-Wv. lnµn-°-∏p-dØpw C¥ ym-cm-Py-Øns‚ Nne-`m-j-I-fp-s≠-∂ v -C¥ y `cn-°p-∂ -h¿°v [mc-W-bpt≠m F∂ XmWv {]iv\w. apim-bn-c-Ifpw lmky-I-hn-k-tΩ-f-\-ß fpw a‰v `mj°mcpsS ta¬ Zqc-Z¿i≥ ASn-t®¬∏n-°p∂ {IqcXbv°v \mw F∂ pw aqI-km-£n-bmbn \n¬t°-≠n-h-cp-∂ p. sX°≥ kwÿ m-\-ß -fnse apgp-h≥ `mj adm-Tn-bm-sW∂ v hniz-kn-°p∂ henb Hcp P\-hn-`mKw Ct∏mgpw DØ-tc-¥ ybnep-≠v. ae-bm-fn-I-fmb \Ωƒ a\- ns‚ hmXn-ep-Ifpw Pme-I-ß fpw Xpd-∂ n-Sp-∂ -h-cm-Wv. k¿°m¿ ÿ m]-\-ß fpw BZm≥ {]Zm-\p-sams° hcp-∂ -Xn-\p-apºpXs∂ ChnsS hy‡n-Iƒ Xangpw lnµnbpw _wKm-fnbpw adm-Tn-bp-sams° ]T-®n-cp-∂ p. B `mj-I-fnse IrXn-Iƒ hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXn-cp-∂ p. AXnhnsS Bkzm-Z-I¿ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Hcp hgn]m-Spt]mse \mjW¬ _p°v {SÃpw kmln-Xy-A-°m-Z-anbpw a‰pw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ \n∂ pw lnµn-bn-te°pw DØ-tc-¥ y≥ `mj-I-fn-te°pw hnh¿Ø\w sNøm-dp-≠v. Cu ]pkvX-I-ß ƒ hn¬°mdn-√. k¿°m-cns‚ tKmUu-Wp-I-fn¬ InS∂ v NnX-ecn-°pw. kmwkvIm-cnI cwKØv lnµn ta[m-hnXzw Ds≠-∂ Xv kXy-am-Wv. C¥ y-bnse {]apJ kwKo-X⁄-∑m-sc-∏‰n tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°m≥ \mjW¬ ^nenw Uh-e-]vsa‚ v tIm¿∏-td-j≥ Xocp130

am-\-sa-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ DØ-tc-¥ y≥ DkvXm-Zp-am-cn¬ AXv HXp-ß n-\n-∂ p. Fw. Un. cma-\m-Y-s\-t∏mse Z£n-tW-¥ y≥ kwKo-X-⁄≥am-sc-∏‰n Ah-c⁄-cm-bn-´mtWm? Cw•o-jp-Im-c≥ `cn-®-t∏mƒ kz¥ w `mj {]N-cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂ Xv \m´p-`m-j-Isf sIm∂ n-´m-bn-cp-∂ n√. lnµn-°m-c≥ `cn-°m≥ XpS-ß n-b-t∏mƒ kw`-hn-®Xv AXm-Wv. C¥ ybnse tdUn-tbm-˛-Zq-c-Z¿i≥ {]t£-]W ka-b-Øn¬ lnµn°v F{X-i-X-am\w In´p∂ p? Bsc-¶nepw IW-s°-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. F√m `mjIfpw hc-W-sa∂ v hnNm-cn-°p-∂ -h-cm-sW-¶n¬ F¥ psIm≠v ae-bm-f-I-hnXIfpw sXep-¶p-I-hn-X-Ifpw Zqc-Z¿i-\nepw tdUn-tbm-bnepw h∂ p-IqSm! A¿∞ w a\- n-em-bn-s√- -¶nepw Cß -s\bpw Nne-`m-j-Iƒ Chn-sS-bp-s≠∂ v Hcp {ihW ]cn-N-b-sa-¶nepw \S-°s´. lnµn-°m-cs‚ lky-I-hn-Xbpw, apim-cn-b∑m-tcbpw Iem-Im-cn-I-tfbpw _lp-am-\n-®n-´mWv. taem-f∑m-tcbpw DS-a-I-tfbpw I≠n-´-√., ho¿∏-S-°n-∏n-Sn®v ImtW-≠, Ahsc Rm≥ BZ-c-]q¿∆w t\m°n-°mWp-∂ p.- s\m-Sn-bn-S-sIm≠v b{¥ -Øns‚ `mK-ß ƒ t]mse cwK-k-÷o-I-c-W-ß ƒ am‰p∂ dnß vt_mbvkv AS°w anI® Iem-Im-c-∑m-cmWv \nß ƒ°v a\- n-em-bmepw Cs√-¶nepw A¬]w ⁄m\w ]d-b-s´. imco-cn-I-amb ]q¿Æ -X-bmWv k¿°- nse Iem-Im-c≥ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂ Xv. ]cn-io-e\wsIm≠v B ]q¿Æ X t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂ p.- \n-c-¥ -c-amb ITn-\-amb ]cn-io-e\w sIm≠v B ]q¿Æ X t\Sn- -bmte ASpØ "Ifn'°v Abmƒ°v {]Xy-£-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bq. Ah¿ Pohn-°q, am\-knI {]]-©-Ønse IemIm-c-∑m-¿ Hcn-°epw ]q¿Æ X t\Sp-∂ n-√. "^nkn-°¬ s]¿^-£≥', "C‚-e-Iv®¬ s]¿^£≥' F∂ nhsb Xcw-Xn-cn®v BƒUkv lIvknen Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. ]t£ F{X ]cn-io-e-\w-sIm≠v ]q¿Æ X t\Sm-\m-hmØ a\- ns‚ If-cn-bnse Ifn-°m¿ F∂ pw ]q¿Æ X t\Snb ImbnI cwKsØ hnZ-Kv[-tc°mƒ kwkvImc Ncn-{X-Øn¬ apº¥ -n-bn-embn-cn°p-sa∂ p ]d-bp-∂ p. Rm\√ BƒUkv lIvkn-en. IØn-tb-dp-Im-c-t‚bpw `mcy-bp-tSbpw B {]i-kvX-amb sNdp-IY Hm¿Ωn-°p-I. Xs∂ h©n-°p∂ p-sh-∂ -dn-bp∂ `mcy t_m¿Un¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ IØn-I-fp-ambn Fdn-bm≥ Abmƒ IÆ p-sI´n \n¬°p∂ p. Htc-dn\v Ah-fpsS lr-Zbw Xpf-bv°-W-sa-∂ p-≠v. AXn-\-bmƒ {ian-°p∂ p F∂ pw. AX-hƒ°p-a-dnbmw. F¶nepw Adn-bmsX F∂ pw IØn-Iƒ h¿j-ß -fmbn Fdn™ _nµp-°-fnte sN∂ p-X-d-bv°p-∂ pf-fq. Abm-fpsS \n -lm-bX Ie¿∂ tcmjhpw Ah-fpsS \nµ kv^pcn-°p∂ apJsØ Nncnbpw Hmtcm cm{Xn-bnepw c≠p-X-hW G‰p-ap-´p-∂ p. hntZ-i-Øp-sh®v k¿° v s]mfn™v DS-a-Iƒ ÿ ew hn´-t∏mƒ tIc-fo-b¿ tN¿∂ v ]Ww ]ncn®p≠m°n A\m-Y-cmbn ]m¿∏n-Shpw `£Whpw aSß nt∏mIm≥ hgn-s®-ehpw ImWmsX {]⁄b-‰p-\-S∂ Iem-Im-c-∑m-cpsS kwLsØ \m´n-te-°-b® hm¿Ø C¥ y≥ ]{X-ß -fn¬ apgp-h≥ h∂ Xv ad-°m-dm-bn-´n-√. \ΩpsS k¿°- p-Iƒ hf-c-Ww. DS-bmS-I-fpsS `wKnbpw kwhn-[m-\hpw {]th-i-\-Ønepw ]n≥hmß -en-ep-ap≈ \mS-Io-b-Xbpw am‰n-\n¿Øn-bm¬ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ Im´p∂ {]I-S-\-ß ƒ {]kn-≤-amb djy≥ k¿°- n-t\-°mƒ F{Xtbm Db¿∂ -Xm-Wv. ]Xn-\m-bncw t]¿°n-cn-°m-hp∂ ÿ ncw k¿°kv ku[Øn¬ Sn°-‰n-\p-th≠n tamkvtIm \nhm-kn-Iƒ BgvN°p-aptº Iyq \n¬°-Ww. ImgvN-°m¿°v ChnsSbpw \ΩpsS \m´nepw Hcn-SØpw Ipd-hn-√. aq∂ p kvXw`ß fp≈ IqSm-c-ß ƒ. aq∂ p dnß p-Iƒ, k¿®v sse‰p-Iƒ, Ccp-∂ qdp arKß ƒ, A™qdp a\p-jy¿-˛-\-√Xv kplrtØ \√-Xv. ]n∂ nse Xºp-I-fn-se-Øp-tºmƒ Iº-\n-bp-Sp-∏p-Iƒ am‰n \n¬°p∂ a\p-jysc ad-°-cptX F∂ p-am-{Xta ]d-™p-≈q. \nß ƒ Fgp-Xnb hnem-k-Øn-ep≈ Bfm-sW-¶n¬ B ]cn-k-c-Øn-sem-∂ -t\zjn-°q. apsº∏tgm _mdn¬ \nt∂ m s{S∏o-kn¬ \nt∂ m hoWv Ifn°p ]‰m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v I¨sUw sNbvX-b® Nne Pohn-X-ß ƒ Ahn-sS-sb-ß m≥ Npcp-≠p-IqSn InS-∏p-≠m-hpw. sUUvsse-‰¿ Hm^o-kn¬ \n∂ v h∂ IØpIƒ t]mse. AsXm∂ p I≠-tijw aXn-bm-bn-cp∂ p B¿t°m th≠n ISw hmß n Dƒs°m≠ Cu tcmjw.

131

a‰p `mK-°m¿ kln-°p-∂ Xv A¿∞ w a\- n-em-°n-bn-´mtWm? C¥ y F∂ m¬ ]ip-ta-Je (Cow belt) am{X-a√ F∂ v t_m[w hcp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Fs‚ `mj temtIm-Ø-c-am-Wv. F√mw ChnsS Bcw-`n-°p-∂ p. Ah-km-\n-°p∂ p F∂ s]m≈bmb Zpc-`n-am\w ae-bm-fn-°n-√. ]t£ hnime lrZ-b-\mb ae-bm-fnbpw lnµn-hn-cp≤ {]t£m`-Øn\v Xøm-dm-tb-°mw, C∂ sØ DØ-tc-¥ y≥ ta[m-hnXzw XpS¿∂ p-t]m-bm¬. Cw•ojpw lnµnbpw Hs° Ip´n-Iƒ ]Tn-°-s´. A]m-I-X-bn-√. Fgp-Ø-—-t‚tbm Bim-t‚tbm h≈-tØm-fn-t‚tbm Ihn-X-Iƒ \mep-hcn sNm√m-\-dnbpw F∂ Xv A`n-am-\-ambn IW-°m-°p∂ Hcp at\m-`mhw IqSn AtXm-sSm∏w hf¿∂ p-h-cm-\p≈ kml-N-cy-ap-s≠-¶n¬ CsXms° \√-Xp-X-s∂ . ic-XvN{µ IrXn-hm-bn-°p∂ _wKmfn bph-Xn-tbbpw bp-hm-hn-t\bpw ]pXnb _wKmfn IrXn-Ifn¬ ImWw. Pm\-In-cm-as‚ t\mh¬ N¿®- sNbvXp sIm≠mWv Hcp ]pXnb Xangv t\mh-ense IYm\m-b-I\pw \mbn-Ibpw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂ -Xv. _wKmfn bph-Xn°p c_o-{µ-kw-KoXw Adn-bp-∂ p-sh-¶n¬ Ahƒ kwkvIr-X-Nn-Ø-bmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂ -Xp-t]mse Xncp-°p-d-fnse \mep-h-cn-Iƒ D≤-cn-°m≥ Ign-™m¬ Xan-g-IØv Hcp s]¨Ip-´n°v AXv henb tbmKy-X-X-s∂ -bm-Wv. ChnsS Bims‚ c≠p-h-cn-Iƒ Hcp Ip´n D≤-cn-®m¬ Aht\m Ahtfm \mS≥, I¨{Sn, A]-cnjvIrX hkvXp! B at\m-`m-h-Øn\v FXn-cm-bn-´mWv Hcp kPoh {]ÿ m\w ChnsS cq]w sImt≈-≠-Xv.

Xe-t®m-dnsemcp G®p-sI´v k°-dnb ae-bm-fn°p ae-bm-f-tØmSv F¥ m-Wn{X ]p—w? a°ƒ ae-bmfw ]Tn-°-cp-sX∂ v ae-bmfn amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v F¥ m-Wn{X \n¿_-‘w. aI≥ lcn{io F∂ v Cw•o-jn¬ Fgp- Xn- bmte Ah-k m\w GsX-¶ n- ep-s amcp sshZypXn t_m¿Unse Agn-aXn ]pc≠ F©n-\o-b-dmIq F∂ tXm∂ ¬ \ap-s°-ß s\ D≠mbn? F¥ p-sIm≠mWp \mw \ΩpsS a°sf aq∂ mw hbknepw \memw hb-knepw Hcp Cw•ojv Ipcn-in¬ Xd-bv°p-∂ Xv? temI-Øn-semcp cmjv{Shpw kzt_m-[-ap≈ Hcp kwkvIm-chpw sNømØ Cu lnam-e-b≥ A_≤w tIc-fo-b¿ F¥ p-sIm≠psNøp∂ p? C∂ sØ temI-Ønse kmº-Øn-I-˛-km-t¶-XnI taJ-e-I-fpsS D®-tIm-Sn-bn¬ \n¬°p∂ P∏mt\bpw P¿Ω-\n-tbbpw t]mse-bp≈ cmPy-ß -fn¬ \n∂ p≈ kµ¿i-I¿ \ΩpsS aq∂ pw \mepw hb p≈ Ip´n-km-bv]-∑m-sc-°≠p kvX_v[-cmbn \n¬°p-∂ Xp Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≠v. Ah-cpsS Szn¶nƒ, Szn¶nƒ tI´p≈ AXn-ibw sIm≠-√; {]_p-≤-sa∂ p kzbw hnh-cn-°p∂ Hcp kap-Zmbw C{X \njv°cp-W-ambn kz¥ w `mhn-X-e-ap-d-bpsS hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ \mcm-b-th-cp-Iƒ apdn-®p-I-f-bp-∂ Xp ImWp-tºmgp≈ sR´¬s°m-≠v. Adn-hn-√m-bva-bmemtWm \manXp sNøp-∂ Xv? F¶n-e-sXm-c-Zv`pXw Xs∂ . Imc-Ww, hntZi am[y-a-ß ƒ-˛-Sn. hn.bpw ]{X-am-kn-I-Ifpw kn\n-a-bpw-˛-\-ΩpsS kwkvIm-csØ Xmdp-am-dm-°p-sa∂ p ssZ\w-Zn\w {]kw-Kn-°p-∂ -h-cmWv \Ωƒ. Ah-sb-∏‰n kz¥ w Ip´n-I-fpsS kz`mh cq]-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°mØ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fn-√. ]e hoSp-I-fnepw Ip´n-If-p-sS taep≈ Cu "sshtZ-inI Zpkzm-[o-\w' `b∂ p tI_nƒ Sn. hn. FSp-°m-dn-√. ]t£ AtX hoSpI-fnse ]n©p-Ip-™p-ß ƒ Hcp hntZi am[ya-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv Xß -fpsS kz`mh cq]-h¬°-c-W132

Øns‚ ASn-°-√p-I-fn-sem-∂ mb hnZym-`ymkw Xs∂ Bcw-`n-°p-∂ -Xv. \ΩpsS I]-S-\m-Sy-ß -fpsS hnNn{X-amb Hcp apJ-am-Wn-Xv. Iym≥k-dns‚ P\n-X-I-ß sf Ad-∏p-c-bv°p-≈n¬ hf¿Øn-s°m≠p hntZisØ ss{^Uv Nn°s\ i]n-°p-∂ -Xp-t]m-se-bp≈ Hcp Zpc-h-ÿ . CsX√mw Ign™p \ΩpsS Ip´n-Iƒ°v \tΩmSp kvt\l-an-√, BtcmSpw kvt\l-an-√, Ah¿ ab-°p-a-cp∂ v tXSp-∂ p. Ah¿°v BtcmSpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-an-√. Imins‚ Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-sem-gnsI as‰m-cp-I-e-bnepw Ah¿°v Xm¬]-cy-an√ F∂ p \mw ]cm-Xn-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. F¥ p-sIm-≠mWp Cu ISpwssI sNøp-∂ Xv? Ncn{Xw \ap-s°m-cp-Øcw Xcp-∂ p-s≠∂ v Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂ p. Ct∏m-gp≈ Cw•ojv {`m¥ v ChnsS Bcw-`n-°p-∂ Xv Fgp-]-Xp-I-fn-em-Wv. kzmX{¥ yw t\Sn Im¬ \q‰m≠v Ign-™-t∏mƒ. AXn-\p-tijw B {`m¥ v Iq´tcmK-ambn amdn. kaq-l-Ønse i‡n-tb-dnb ÿ m]-\-ß ƒ AXns\ Gs‰-Sp-Øp. H∏w ]Ws°mXn-b-∑mcpw I≈-\m-Sy-°mcpw hnl-cn-°p∂ Itºmf-ambn AXp Xo¿∂ p. tIcf kaq-lsØ _m[n® Cu _u≤nIØI¿®-bpsS kºq¿Æ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw Rm≥ Is≠Øp-∂ Xv Cu \mSv `cn-®-h-cn-em-Wv. Ah¿ tIc-fo-b-c-t∏mse Hcp hn[w kmam-\y-_p-≤n-bp≈ Hcp kapZm-b-sØ-t∏mepw Xß -fpsS `mhn-bnepw kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ B[m-c-in-e-I-fnepw hnizm-k-an-√m-Ø-hcm°n Xo¿Øp. kzmX-{¥ y-Øns‚ Im¬\q-‰m-≠n-\p-tijhpw BsI _m°n \n∂ Xv BI-am-\-amb A]-I¿j-Xmt_m-[hpw ]cm-P-b-t_m-[hpw H∂ pw-sIm≠pw c£-bn√ F∂ hnizm-k-hp-am-bn-cp-∂ p. C∂ p-a-ß s\ Xs∂ . \ΩpsS Ip´n-Iƒ°v Chn-sSmcp `mhn-bn-√, CXp Pohn-°m≥ sIm≈p∂ \mS-√ Fs∂ mcp \ncmim-]q¿Æ -amb hnizmkw \ap-°p-≠m-bn. Ip´n-Isf Fs¥ -¶nepw tImtam-fn-thjw sI´n®v te_¬ H´n®v kmbv]ns‚ `mj ]d-bn-∏n®v Chn-Sp∂ p \mSp-I-S-ØpI am{X-amWv c£m-am¿§sa∂ p \mw hniz-knt°-≠-nh-cp-∂ p. AXp-sIm-≠mWp {]_p-≤cpw ka¿∞ -cp-amb \Ωƒ C{X-Z-b-\o-bhpw `oI-c-hp-amb coXn-b-n¬ (]≠p ln‰ve¿ blq-Z-Ip-™p-ß -fpsS Xe-t®m-dp-Iƒ Xpd∂ p \S-Ønb G®p-sI-´p-Iƒ t]mse) \ΩpsS kz¥ w Ip™p-ß -tfmSp alm-{Ip-cX ImWn-°p-∂ -Xv. H∏w \ΩpsS `c-W-h¿§-ß fpsS I]S c‡-km-£nXz-ß fpw Ah-cpsS {]Xn-a-I-fpsS hwihpw s]cp-Ip-∂ p. Cuiztcm c£Xp!

ae-tbmfw Db-c-Øn-se≥ ae-bmfw Fw. ]n. A_vZp- -aZv ka-Zm\n temI-sØ-hn-tSbpw amXr-`m-jbv°v am\-h-kw-kvIm-c-hp-am-bp≈ s]m°nƒsImSn _‘w kphnZn-X-am-Wv. amXmhpw amXm-hn-s‚-`m-jbpw a\p-jy-kz-`m-h-Øns‚ cq]-I¬]-\-bn¬ hln-°p∂ AXn-{][m-\-amb ]¶n-\p-]-Icw as‰m-∂ n-√.- am-XrXzw am\-h-Xz-Øns‚ BZn-a-amb Bfl-hn-Zym-e-b-I-am-I-bm¬ amXr-`mj Bflm-hns‚ `mjbpw kzX-Øns‚ Bhn-jv°-c-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-∂ p. F∂ m¬ D◊-bpsS ASn-ÿ m-\-Øn¬ \n∂ v Dbn¿s°m-≈p∂ GXv thcpw ]ngp-sX-dn-bm≥ [rjvS-\m-bn-Xo¿∂ ]pXn-b-Im-e-Øns‚ ]p{X-∑m¿ AΩsb \ntj-[n-°p-∂ -Xp-t]mse AΩ-bpsS `mjsb Xa-kvI-cn-°m\pw XpS-ß n-bn-cn-°p-∂ p. hr≤-k-Z-\-ß -fn¬ amXm-sh-∂ -t]mse C∂ sØ Nne hnZym-e-bß -fn¬ amXr-`m-jbpw t¢i-ß ƒ kln-°m≥ hn[n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂ p. F∂ m¬ temI-saß pw CXmWv 133

ÿ nXn-sb∂ v ]d-bp-∂ Xv sX‰m-bn-cn-°pw. amXr-`m-jsb amtdmSv tN¿Øp-sh®v kvt\ln-°p∂ P\-k-©b-ß ƒ ]e-bn-S-Øp-ap≠v. amXr-`m-jsb ssIsh-Sn-bp-∂ -Xp-sIm≠v kz¥ w `mj am{X-a√ \jvS-am-Ip-∂ -Xv. kz¥ w kwkvImc-tØbpw AXv inYn-e-am-°p-∂ p. Pohn-X-Øn-t‚bpw s]cp-am-‰-Øn-t‚bpw coXn-im-kv{X-ß -sf-sb√mw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ -Xn¬ amXr-`m-jbv°v A\-ev]-amb ]¶p-≠v. ae-bm-fsØ Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂ Xn\v henb hne sImSp-t°-≠n-h-cp-sa∂ ]mTw A`n-\-h-a-e-bmfn kaq-lsØ ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. \ΩpsS ss]XrIhpw Hm¿a-Ifpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Nmen-®-Xm-Wv. Krl-hp-ambn lrZ-b-_‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂ -h¿°v am{Xta Krlm-Xp-c-Xz-Øn\v t]mepw Ah-Im-i-ap-≈q. ASpØ-Im-e-Ømbn ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ ae-bm-f-tØm-Sp≈ A\m-`n-apJyw hf-¿∂ p-h-cp-∂ Xv Bi-¶m-P-\-I-am-Wv. Cfw Xe-ap-dsb amXr-`m-j-bn¬ \n∂ -I-‰p-∂ -Xn¬ Zriy-am-[y-a-ß ƒ hln-°p∂ ]¶pw DXvI-WvT-bp-≠m-°p-∂ p. ae-bmfw hnIrX-am°n kwkm-cn-°p∂ coXn an\nkv{Io-\n¬ krjvSn-°p∂ sshIr-X-ß ƒ \mSn\p Xs∂ A]-am-\-I-c-am-Wv. ae-bm-fn-bm-sW-¶nepw Nne¿°v "ae-bm-fØn¬ sFUnbmkv FIvkv{] v sNøm≥ hey Un^n-°¬‰n' BWv. Nne-cm-Is´ ae-bmfw "Ipc®p Ipc®p Acn-bp∂ -'Xn¬ A`n-am\w sIm≈p-∂ h-cm-Wv. tIgpI ae-bm-f-\mtS F∂ p hne-]n-t°-≠ Ah-ÿ -bn-emWv `mjm kvt\ln-Iƒ. GXp hntZ-iØp-h∂ mepw kz¥ w `mjsb Xd-hm-´-Ω-bmbpw A\y-`m-j-Isf hncp∂ p-Im-cn-bmbpw IW-°m-°-W-sa∂ v h≈-tØmƒ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-®Xv C∂ v Gsd A\z¿∞ -am-bn-cn-°p-∂ p. (ssN-\-°m¿ amXr-`m-jsb Gsd kvt\ln-®-Xp-sIm-≠mWv ssN\okv temIØv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ t]¿ kwkm-cn-°p∂ `mjbmbn Xo¿∂ -Xv. a‰p-≈-h¿ \ΩpsS `mjbv°v \¬Ip∂ ]cn-K-W-\-t]mepw Nne -a-e-bm-fn-Iƒ ae-bmf-Øn\v \¬Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂ Xv A]-I¿j-Xm-t_m[w sIm≠p-am-{X-am-Wv. ]e Kƒ^v cmPy-ß -fnepw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ t_m¿Up-Iƒ ÿ m]n-°m≥ Ahn-SsØ k¿°m-cp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-bncn-°p-∂ p. JØ-dn¬ ]e-ÿ -eØpw KXm-K-X-kq-N\m t_m¿Up-Iƒ ae-bm-f-Øn-em-Wv. ae-bmfw kpµ-c-am-sW∂ kXyw ]pXnb Xe-ap-dsb ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. cmPy-k-`-bn¬ aebm-f-Øn¬ {]Xn⁄ sNbvX-t∏mƒ ae-bm-fw tIƒ°m≥ ck-ap≈ `mj-bm-sW∂ v ]d-™p-sIm≠v DØ-tc-¥ y≥ Fw. ]n. am¿ {]I-Sn-∏n® A`n-{]m-b-ß ƒ a\- n¬ A¤p-Xhpw A`n-am-\hpw krjvSn-®tXm¿°p-∂ p. ae-bm-f-Øn\v CXc `mj-°m-tcbpw BÀm-Zn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂ ]mTw A∂ p ]Tn-°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂ p. \ΩpsS Nn¥ -Xs∂ ae-bm-f-Øn-em-I-bm¬ Nne-Im-cy-ß ƒ \ap°v CX-c-`m-j-I-fn¬ ]d-bm\pw {]bm-k-am-Wv. amXr-`mj A{X-tØmfw lrZ-b-tØmSv tN¿∂ p-In-S-°p-∂ p. A√, AXp lrZ-b-Øn¬ \n∂ p-Xs∂ \n¿K-fn-°p-∂ p. F√m A`n-am-\hpw amXr-Xz-Øn-se-Øp-∂ p. amXmhv c≠v Aar-XmWv \¬In-b-Xv. AΩn-™-∏mepw amXr-`m-jbpw ape-∏m-ens‚ cpNn Fs∂ ∂ pw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-I-bm-sWs‚ ae-bm-fw. GXv Pohn-X-bm-{Xbpw Ahn-sS-Xp-S-ß p-Ibpw Ahn-sS-s®∂ -h-km-\n-°pIbpw sNøp-∂ p.

amXr-`m-jsb ]pd-Øm-°p-∂ -sX-ß s\ hn.-\n-tXjv ae-bmfn ae-bmfw ad-°p∂ p F∂ bmYm¿∞ ysØ Xncn-®-dn-™p-sIm≠v henb coXn-bn-ep≈ kwhm-Z-ß fpw Iq´m-bva-Ifpw cq]-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv ae-bm-fw tI{µo-Ir-X-amb Hcp k¿∆-I-em-ime \n¿Ωn-°-W-sa∂ Bhiyw Db¿∂ v h∂ -Xv. Hmtcm tIc-fo-b\pw ae-bmfw ad°m\pw Cw•ojv `mjsb tN¿Øp-]n-Sn-°m\pw a’ -cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. \ΩpsS amXr-`mj ae-bmfw BWv. temI-Øn¬ Ccp-]Øn Bdm-asØ ÿ m\-amWv ae-bm-f-`m-j-bv°p-≈-Xv. F∂ m¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ s]mXpa-fi-e-Øn¬ aebmfw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂ p. Hcp `mKØv ]m›m-Xy-`m-jbmb Cw•ojns\ Bth134

itØmsS kzoI-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-hp-tºmmƒ adp-`m-KØv \mSns‚ ss]Xr-I-tØbpw amXr-`m-j-tbbpw A]-am-\n-°m≥ Xp\n-bp-∂ p. 1969 apX¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ `c-W-`mj ae-bmfw BWv. k¿°m¿ ÿ m]-\ß -fnse tcJ-Iƒ, ^b-ep-Iƒ k¿°m¿ ÿ m]-\-ß -fpsS t]cp-Iƒ F∂ nh Fgp-tX-≠Xv ae-bm-fØn¬ BsW-∂ mWv \nb-aw. F∂ m¬ Ch-sbm∂ pw ]men-°-s∏-Sp-∂ n-√ F∂ -XmWv bmYm¿∞ yw. kz]v\w ImWp-Ibpw Nn¥ n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂ Xv amXr-`m-j-bn-em-Wv F∂ Xv t_m[-]q¿∆w \mw ad-°p-I-bm-Wv. \ΩpsS \m´n≥]pdsØ IS-I-fpsS t]cp-Ifpw ÿ m]-\-ß -fpsS t]cp-Ifpw Fgp-Xp-∂ Xv Cw•o-jn-em-Wv. km[m-c-W-°m-cmb Bfp-I-fpsS hnhm-l-£-W-°-Øp-Iƒ t]mepw BwK-te-b-`m-j-bn¬ Xøm-dm-°p-∂ p. \m´n≥]p-dsØ ae-bmfw ao-Unbw kvIqfn¬ \n∂ pw henb coXn-bn¬ hnZym¿∞ n-Iƒ sImgn™pt]m-Ip-∂ p≠v. Cu A[y-b-\-h¿jw c≠p-e-£-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ hnZym¿∞ n-Iƒ k¿°m¿ kvIqfn-t\mSv hnS-]-d-™p, Cw•o-jvao-Unbw kvIqfn¬ tNt°-dn. ae-bmfw kvIqfp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-®m¬ H∂ n\pw sIm≈mØ-h-cm-sW∂ v {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂ p. C∂ v cmjv{So-b-cw-KØpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-cw-KØpw, sXmgn¬ taJ-e-Ifnepw G‰hpw henb ÿ m\-ß ƒ hln-°p∂ Bfp-Iƒ ]Tn-®Xv ae-bmfw aoUnbw kvIqfn¬ BsW∂ v bmYm¿∞ yw \mw t_m[-]q¿∆w ad-°p-I-bm-Wv. ae-bmfw aoUnbw kvIqfpI-fnse hym]-I-amb sImgn™p-t]m°v s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk ÿ m]-\-ß ƒ AS-®p-]q-´p∂ Ah-ÿ -bn-te°v sNs∂ Øpw F∂ -Xn¬ X¿°-an-√. Hcp {]tZ-isØ s]mXp-hn-Zym-ebw C√m-Xm-hpI F∂ p ]d-bp-∂ Xv B {]tZ-i-Øns‚ Ncn{Xhpw ss]Xrhpw C√m-Xm-hp-∂ -Xn\v Xpey-am-Wv. amXr-`m-jsb ad∂ v tIc-f-Øns‚ s]mXp-hn-Zym`ymk taJ-e-bn¬ Cw•o-jn\v Aan-X-{]m-[m\yw sImSp-°m≥ `c-W-Iq-Shpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-k-an-Xnbpw Xøm-dm-hp-∂ Xv ImWmw. Cu A[y-b-\-h¿jsØ 9˛mw ¢mknse lnµn ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ lnµn ]Zß -fpsS A¿∞ w Cw•o-jn-emWv sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂ -Xv. F¥ n-\mWv t_m[-]q¿∆w ae-bm-f-`m-jsb A]-am-\n-®p-sIm≠v ]mT-]p-kvX-Iß fn¬ Cw•o-jns\ Xncp-In-I-b-‰m≥ Xøm-dm-hp-∂ -Xv. I¿Æ m-SI kwÿ m-\Øv saUn-°¬ F©n-\o-b-dnwKv tImgvkp-I-fn¬ amXr-`mj \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂ v I¿Æ m-S-I-bn¬ t]mbn ]Tn-°p∂ hnZym¿∞ n-Iƒ Ahn-SpsØ amXr-`mj ]Tn-t°≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂ p. F∂ m¬ D∂ X hnZym-`ymk taJebn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ amXr-`mjm ]T\w F¥ psIm≠v \n¿_-‘-am-bn-°qSm F∂ Xv N¿® sNtø-≠XmWv tIc-fob hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn¬ ae-bmf `mjm-]-T\w \n¿_-‘-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. -aq-ey-t_m-[-ap≈ Hcp ]pXp-X-e-ap-dsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°p-∂ -Xn-\pth≠n amXr-`m-jsb \mw kwc-£n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. tIc-fob s]mXp-hn-Zy-`ymk taJe XI¿°p∂ hn[Ønep≈ Cw•ojv I®-hS hnZym-`ymk ÿ m]-\-ß sf \nb-{¥ n-°m≥ k¿°m¿X-e-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sep-Iƒ \S-°Ww. Ncn-{X-t_m-[hpw ]uc-t_m-[-hp-ap≈ Hcp ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-bmbn hf-cm≥ \ΩpsS Ip´n-Iƒ aebmfw am[y-a-am-bp≈ kvIqfp-I-fn¬ ]Tn-°-s´. tIc-fob hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn¬ ae-bmfsØ AI‰n \n¿Øm-\p≈ t_m[-]q¿∆-amb {ia-ß sf sNdp-Øp-tXm¬∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. tIc-f-Øns‚ k¿∆afi-e-ß -fnepw ae-bm-fsØ Ah-K-Wn-°m-\mWv \Ωƒ tIc-fo-b¿ Xøm-dm-hp-∂ -Xv. ae-bm-fnIƒ ImWp∂ ae-bmfw Nm\-ep-I-fn¬ ae-bm-fhpw Cw•ojpw Iq´n-°-e¿Øn Hcp Xcw k¶-c-`m-j-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ -Xv. "ae-bm-fn-bpsS kz¥ w Nm\¬' F∂ v Nm\¬ Xs∂ hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂ Gjym-s\‰n¬ kwt{]-£Ww sNøp∂ "sFUnb Ãm¿ knwK¿' F∂ kwKoX a’ c ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS Ah-Xm-cI D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ `mj GXmWv F∂ v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ {]bmk-amWv. ae-bm-fn-Iƒ ImWp∂ ]cn-]m-Snbn¬ F¥ n-\mWv ISn-®m¬ s]m´mØ Cw•ojv hm°p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ -Xv. XnI®pw ae-bm-fn-I-fmb Ne-Nn{X ]n∂ -Wn-Km-b-Icpw kwKoX kwhn-[m-b-Icpw hn[n-I¿Øm-°-fmbn FØp-∂ , ae-bm-fn-I-fmb a’ -cm¿∞ n-Iƒ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ ae-bm-fn-bmb Ah-Xm-cI B¿°pw a\-kn-em-ImØ ssien-bn¬ Cw•ojv kwkm-cn-°p-∂ Xv B¿°p-th-≠n-bmWv? Zriy-am[ya-cw-KsØ ]m›m-Xy-h¬°cWw {]Xn-tcm-[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. al-Ømb krjvSn-Ifpw, cN-\-Ifpw ]nd-hn-sIm≠ ae-bm-fsØ F¥ n-\mWv \mw Cß s\ A]-am-\n-°p-∂ -Xv. `c-Whpw, hnZym-`ym-khpw ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬ \S-°p∂ p F∂ p Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. tIc-f-Øn¬ ae-bm-f-`m-jsb hn]p-eo-I-cn-°m\pw ]T\w \S-Øm\pw Ign-bp∂ hn[-Øn¬ Hcp aebmfw k¿∆-I-em-ime \ne-hn¬ hc-Ww. F√m hnj-b-ß fpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]Tn°m≥ Ah-kcw D≠m-°-Ww. ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS Ncn{Xhpw hym]vXnbpw k¿∆-I-em-i-me-bn¬ ]T-\-hnj-b-am-°Ww. ae-bmfw k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bvs°-Xnsc hna¿i\w Db¿Øp-∂ -h¿ amXr-`m-j-tbbpw kwkvIm-c-tØbpw BWv hna¿in-°p-∂ Xv F∂ v \mw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. \mw t\Sn-sb-SpØ F√m \∑-Ifpw Ih¿s∂ -Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ h¿Øam-\-Im-eØv \ΩpsS amXr-`mjsb kwc-£n-°m\pw \ne135

\n¿Øm\pw th≠n tIc-f- -Øn¬ Hcp ae-bmfw k¿∆-I-em-ime \ne-hn¬ htc-≠Xv Ncn-{X]c-amb A\p-hm-cy-X-bm-sW∂ Xncn-®dnthmsS `mjm-]-fin-Xcpw `mjm kvt\ln-Ifpw _lp-P-\-ß fpw henb coXn-bn-ep≈ CS-s]SepIƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v.

ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS amXr-`qan \hw-_¿ 1 ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS Gsd \mfsØ B{K-l-Øn\v km^eyw \¬In-s°m≠v sFIytIcfw bmYm¿∞ y-ambn. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdpw sIm®nbpw ae-_mdpw Iq´n-t®-¿Øv ae-bmfw kwkm-cn-°p∂ -h¿°mbn tIcf kwÿ m\w \ne-hn¬ h∂ p. kwÿ m-\-ß ƒ `mjm-Sn-ÿ m-\-Øn¬ ]p\¿hn-`-Pn-°-W-sa∂ A`n-{]mbw 1927¬ C¥ y≥ \mjW¬ tIm¨{K v D∂ -bn-®n-cp-∂ p. 1928¬ Fd-Wm-Ip-fØv \S∂ \m´p-cmPy {]Pm-k-tΩ-f-\hpw AJn-etI-cf IpSn-bm≥ ktΩ-f-\hpw ]ø-∂ q¿ cmjv{Sob ktΩ-f-\hpw sFIy-tI-c-f-sa∂ Bhiyw D∂ -bn®p. 1938¬ Xncp-h-\-¥ -]p-cØv Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ tIm¨{K v IΩn-‰n-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ ]´m`n koXm-c-a-ø-cpsS A[y-£-X-bn¬ \S∂ ktΩ-f\w Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿, sIm®n, ae-_m¿ F∂ nh tN¿∂ Hcp D]-s^Ud¬ kwÿ m\w hn`m-h\w sNbvXp-sIm-≠p≈ {]tabw AwKo-I-cn-®p. sFIy-tI-cf {]ÿ m\w i‡-am-°p-∂ -Xn-\mbn 1946¬ sI. ]n. kn. kn. D]-k-an-Xn°v cq]w \¬In. CXns‚ Hcp tbmKw sI. ]n. tIi-h-ta-t\ms‚ A[y-£-X-bn¬ sNdp-Xp-cp-Øn-b¬ \S-∂ p. alm-Ihn h≈-tØmƒ Dƒs∏-sS {]apJ hy‡n-Iƒ ]s¶-SpØ tbmK Xocp-am\w A\p-k-cn®v 1947¬ Xr»q-cn¬ sh®v sI. tIf-∏s‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ sFIy-tI-cf alm-k-tΩ-f\w \S-∂ p. kmwkvIm-cnI kwL-S-\-I-tfbpw cmjv{Sob I£n-I-tfbpw {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNbvXv tIc-f-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß -fn¬\n∂ mbn \qdp-I-W-°n-\mƒ°m¿ ]s¶-SpØ Cu ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ sh®v sIm®n alm-cm-Pmhv tIc-f-h¿Ω sFIy tIc-f-Øn\v ]n¥ pW {]Jym-]n-®p. sFIy tIcfw F{Xbpw thKw ÿ m]n-°-W-sa∂ {]tabw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv C. sambvXp aue-hn-bm-Wv. {]tabw sFI-I-WvtT\ AwKo-I-cn-®p. {]h¿Ø-\-ß ƒ°mbn \qdwK kan-Xnsb sXc-s™-Sp-Øp. 1948-˛se sFIytIcf {]Xn-\n[n ktΩ-f\w Bep-hm-bn-emWv \S∂ -Xv. {]h¿Ø-I-k-an-Xn-bpsS sI´p-d-∏p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-\mbn AwK-ß -fpsS FÆ w \qdn¬ \n∂ v 15 B°n Ipd-®p. {]kn-U≠v sI. tIf-∏≥, sk{I-´dn sI. F. Zmtam-Z-ctat\m≥ C¥ y≥ `c-W-L-S\m \n¿amW kanXn kwÿ m\ ]p\¿ hn`-P\ {]iv\w ]Tn-°m≥ \ntbm-Kn® [m¿ IΩo-j\p apºmsI sFIy-tI-c-f-k-anXn ka¿∏n® \nth-Z-\-Øn¬ ae-_m¿, Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿, sIm®n, Iq¿Kv, \oe-Kncn KpU-eq¿ Z£n-W-Im-\-d, aø-gn, e£-Zzo]v F∂ o {]tZ-i-ß ƒ tN¿∂ tIcf kwÿ m\ cq]-h¬°-cWw Bh-iy-s∏-´p. ]´w XmWp]n-≈-bpsS t\XrXz-Øn-ep≈ Xncp-hn-XmwIq¿ k¿°m¿ [m¿ IΩo-j-\p-ambn kl-I-cn-®n-√. [m¿ IΩojs‚ ip]m¿i-Iƒ ]cym-tem-Nn-°p-∂ -Xn-\mbn tIm¨{K- ns‚ Pbv]q¿ ktΩ-f\w (1948) Ph-l¿em¬ s\lvdp, h√-`mbn ]t´¬, ]´m`n koXm-cm-aø F∂ n-hcSß nb D∂ -X-Xe kan-Xn°v (tPm. hn. ]n. IΩn‰n) cq]w \¬In. `mjm-Sn-ÿ m-\-Øn-ep≈ hn`-P\ \n¿±iw hfsc kq£n®p thW-sa∂ v IΩn‰n dnt∏m¿´v \¬In. 1949 Pqsse 1 C¥ y≥ bqWn-b-\nse ]m¿´v _n. kwÿ m-\-ambn Xncp˛-sIm®n cq]w sIm≠p tIcf kwÿ m\ cq]o-I-c-W-Øn-te-°p≈ Im¬sh-bv]m-bn-cp∂ p Cu ktbm-P-\w. kwÿ m-\-Ø-e-h≥ AYhm cmP-{]-ap-J-\mbn Hcp cmPm-hns\ \nb-an-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Xncp-˛-sIm®n cq]-h-Xv°-cWw P\-Iob tIcf kwÿ m-\-Øns‚ ]nd-hn°v klm-b-I-am-hn-s√∂ \ne-]m-tSmsS sI. tIf-∏≥ sFIy tIcf kanXnbpsS {]kn-U≠v ÿ m\w cmPn-sh-®p. sI. ]n. tIi-h-ta-t\m≥ {]kn-U-≠mbn {]h¿Ø\w XpS¿∂ p. 1949 \hw-_-dn-¬ ]me-°m´v \S∂ sFIy-tI-cf ktΩ-f\w cmP-{]-apJs\ Hgn-hm-°n-s°m≠p≈ tIcf kwÿ m\w ÿ m]n-°-W-sa∂ {]tabw AwKo-I-cn-®p. F∂ m¬ Xncp-˛-sIm-®nsb a{Zmkv {]h-iy-bn¬ ebn-∏n®v Hcp Z£n-W-kw-ÿ m\w cq]-h-Xv°-cn-°-W-sa∂ v ae-_m¿ {]tZiv tIm¨{K v 136

IΩn-‰n-bpw Xncp-˛-sIm®n k¿°mcpw sFIy tIc-fsØ A\p-Iq-en-®p. Z£n-W-kw-ÿ m-\ Bi-bsØ \ncm-I-cn-®p. `mjm-Sn-ÿ m-\-Øn¬ kwÿ m\ ]p\-kw-L-S-\m-{]iv\w ssIImcyw sNøp-∂ -Xn\v \nb-an® (1953Un-kw-_¿) køZv ^k¬ Ben A≤y-£-\mb IΩo-j≥ F√m hmZ-ß fpw hni-Z-ambn ]Tn® tijw Z£n-W-kw-ÿ m-\-hmZw \ncm-I-cn-®p. IΩo-js‚ \n¿t±-i-{]-Imcw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns‚ sX°≥Xm-eq°p-I-fmb tXmhm-f, AK-kvXo-iz-cw, I¬°pfw hnf-h≥tImSv F∂ n-hbpw sNt¶m-´bpsS Iptd `mKhpw Xan-gv\m-Sn-t\mSv (a-{Zm-kv) kwÿ m\w tN¿Øp-sIm≠pw Z£nW Im\-d-bnse Imk¿tKmUv Xmeq°v ae-bm-f-tZ-i-tØ°v Iq´n-t®¿Øp-sIm≠pw ]pXnb tIcf kwÿ m\w cq]-h-Xv°-cn-®p. sFIy tIcf kanXn ap≥]v Bh-i-y-s∏-´n-cp∂ KpU-√qcpw Iq¿Kpw aø-gnbpw e£-Z-zo]pw tIcfØns‚ `mK-am-bn-√. sX°≥ tIc-f-Øns‚ s\√-d-bmb \m©n\mSv ssIhn-´p-t]m-bn. tKmI¿Ww apX¬ I\ym-Ip-am-cn-hsc IS¬am-dn-bp-≠mb Ic-bmWv tIc-f-sa∂ ]c-ip-cma IY amdn I\ym-Ip-amcnbn√mØ tIcfw cq]w sIm≠p.

\tSmSn kmln-Xyhpw ae-bm-fhpw sI. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿ \mtSm-Sn-km-lnXyw apJy-ambpw ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb Aen-JnX cN-\-I-fm-Wv. A⁄m-X-I¿Øp-Itam kaq-l-Øns‚ s]mXp krjvSntbm Bbn-cn°pw AXv. Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn sNm√n-t°m≠p \ne-\n-∂ p-t]mcp∂ Cu IrXn-Iƒ°v ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Zo¿Lhpw sshNn-{Xy-an-b-∂ -Xp-amb Hcp Ncn-{X-ap-≠v. Imem-Ime-ß -fn¬ CXn-hr-Ø-Ønepw `mj-bnepw hrØ-Ønepw am‰w h∂ n-´p≈ Cu Ir-Xn-I-fpsS Ime-\n¿Wbw Xptemw hnj-a-am-Wv. Ch-bn¬ Nne-Xn\v tZi-t`-Z-a-\p-k-cn®v hn`n∂ cq]-ß ƒ \ne-hn-ep-≠v. B \nebv°v B[n-Im-cn-I-amb ]mTw Is≠Øp-∂ -Xn\pw Ffp-∏a-√. AXp-sIm≠v km¿K-I-amb ]T-\-\n-cq]Ww sNøm≥ hnj-a-ap-≠v. kn. ]n. tKmhn-µ-]n-≈, tNe-\m´v ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥, sI. ]n. Idp-∏≥ apXemb A¿∏n-X-a-\-kvI-cmb Kth-j-I-t\Xm-°-fpsS {ia-^-e-ambn \mtSm-Sn-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ ]eXpw kºq¿Æ Xntcm-[m-\-Øn¬ \n∂ p c£ t\Sn-bn-´p-≠v. \mtSmSn kmlnXy Kth-j-W-Øn-¬ Kuc-h-]q¿∆w apt∂ m´p t]mbn-´p-≈-h-cpsS Iq´-Øn¬ Im™n-c-°pfw sIm®p-IrjvW \mSm¿, Pn. i¶-∏n-≈, Fkv. sI. \mb¿, Nnd-°¬ _me-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿ F∂ n-h-tcbpw FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. Pn. `m¿§-h≥ ]n≈, Infnam-\q¿ hnizw-`-c≥, hn. B\-µ-°p-´≥ \mb¿ F∂ n-hcpw \mtSm-Sn-I-hn-X-Ifpw \mSI-ß fpw kw`-cn®p {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-h-cm-Wv. \mtSmSn kmln-Xy-kw-`-cWw Bcw-`n-°p-∂ -Xn\p apsº Ign™ \q‰m≠p-I-fn¬ \jvS-s∏´ IrXn-I-fpsS IW°v Xn´-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[y-a-√. FÆ -a‰ ]m´p-Ifpw IY-Ifpw hoc-Km-Y-Ifpw C∂ pw kam-lcn-°-s∏-SmsX \m´n≥ ]pdsØ P\-ß -fpsS CS-bn¬ {]tXy-In®pw BZnhm-kn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ {]N-cn-°p-∂ p-≠m-hpw. HmWw-tI-dm-aq-e-I-fn¬ \nc-£-c-cmb km[-cm-W-°m-cpsS CS-bn¬ \mtSmSn kmlnXyw C\nbpw cNn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. AXp-sIm≠v GsX¶nepw Hcp {]tXyI Ncn{XL-´-Øns‚ am{Xw krjvSn-bm-Wv. \mtSm-Sn-km-lnXyw F∂ p ]d-bm-hp-∂ -X-√. AXpsIm≠v Xmsg tN¿Øn-´p≈ \nco-£-W-ß ƒ HSp-hn¬ {KŸ-kq-Nn-I-bn¬ sImSp-Øn-´p-≈, C∂ p e`yamb kam-lm-c-ß sf B{i-bn-®p-≈-h-bm-Wv F∂ p-IqSn ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂ p. ]T-\-ku-I-cym¿∞ w Cu IrXn-Isf Nne hIp-∏p-I-fmbn hn`-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂ p. (1) IYm-Km-\-ß ƒ (2) \mtSm-Sn-∏m-´p-Iƒ (3) IY-Iƒ (4) \mS-I-ß ƒ (5) ]g-s©m-√p-Ifpw kq‡-ß fpw (6) ISw-I-Y-Ifpw \¿tam-‡n-Ifpw

IYm-Km-\-ß ƒ ]Zy-Øn-ep≈ \mS≥ IY-I-fmWv IYm-Km-\-ß ƒ. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Ah apJy-ambn \men-\-Øn¬ s]Sp-Ømw. (1) ]pcm-W-I-Y-Iƒ (2) hoc-Km-Y-Iƒ, (3) I¬]-\n-I-Km-Y-Iƒ (4) sXcp-hp-Km-Y-Iƒ ]pcm-W-I-Y-Iƒ ]pcm-W-I-Y-Iƒ ]p\-cm-Jym\w sNøp∂ ]Zy-Ir-Xn-I-fm-W-h. t£{Xß -fntem aX-]-c-amb D’ 137

hm-h-k-c-ß -fntem Iq´p-tN¿∂ v ]mSp-∂ -Xn\v Ch D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. tZh-∑m-cp-tStbm hoc-\m-b-I-∑mcp-tStbm kml-kn-Im-\p-`-h-ß -fmWv {]mtbW Ch BJym\w sNøm-dp≈Xv. BJym\-ssien-bn¬ CXn-lm-k-ß -fp-tSbpw kwkvIr-X-]p-cm-W-ß -fp-tSbpw kzm[o\w ImWmw. inh-s‚bpw ]m¿h-Xn-bptSbpw hnhn[ thj-ß -fn-ep≈ ]cy-S-\m\p-`-h-ß sf h¿Æ n-°p-∂ -h-bmWv G‰hpw {]Nm-c-ap≈ IYIƒ. Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xn¬ KW-]-Xn-bp-tSbpw kp{_-“-Wy-t‚bpw P\\ IY-Iƒ BJym\w sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. CXn-lm-k-tØ-°mƒ Kuchw Ipd-™-e-fn-X-ssi-en-bn¬ cmam-b-W-`m-c-Xm-Xn-I-fnse IY-Iƒ ]p\-cmJym\w sNøp∂ IrXn-I-fp-ap-≠v. IrXy-ambn ]d-™m¬ Chsb IYm-Km-\-ß -fn¬ s]Sp-Ømtam F∂ p kwi-b-am-Wv. ]t£ IYm-Km-\-ß -fpsS kmam-\y-kz-`m-h-sa√mw Ch-bn¬ ImWmw.

138