ASn-ÿm\]mTm-hen

aebmfw Ãm≥tU¿Uv X

tIc-fk - ¿°m¿

hnZym-`ym-k-h-Ip∏v Xbm-dm-°n-bXv

kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw 2011

tZio-b-Km\w P\-K-W-a-\- -A-[n-\m-bI Pbtl `mc-X -`m-Ky-hn-[mXm, ]©m-_-kn‘p KpP-dmØ admTm {ZmhnU DXv°-e- _w-Km, hn‘y-ln-am-N-e -b-ap\mKwKm, D—e Pe-[nX-cwKm, Xh-ip-`-\mta PmtK, Xh-ip` Bin-j -am-tK, Kmtl Xh- P-b- KmYm P\-K-W-aw-K-e-Zm-bI Pbtl `mc-X- `m-Ky-hn-[mXm. Pb-tl, Pb-tl, Pb-tl, Pb Pb Pb Pbtl!

{]Xn⁄ C¥y Fs‚ cmPy-am-Wv. F√m C¥y-°mcpw Fs‚ ktlm-Z-coktlmZc-∑m-cm-Wv. Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPysØ kvt\ln- ° p∂p; kºq¿Whpw sshhn- [ y- ] q¿W- h p- a mb AXns‚ ]mc- º - c y- Ø n¬ Rm≥ A`n-am\w sIm≈p∂p. Rm≥ Fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°-sfbpw Kpcp-°-∑m-scbpw apXn¿∂hscbpw _lp-am-\n-°pw. Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw Fs‚ \m´p-Im-cp-sSbpw t£a-Øn\pw sFiz-cy-Øn-\pw- th≠n {]bXv\n°pw.

Prepared by : State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala

Website : www.scert.kerala.gov.in e-mail : [email protected] Phone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax : 0471 - 2341869 First Edition : 2011 Typesetting : SCERT Lay out : SCERT Cover design : SCERT Printed at : KBPS, Kakkanad, Kochi © Department of Education, Government of Kerala

2

ASn- ÿ m\ ]mTm- h en

{]nb- hn-Zym¿Yn-I-tf, ae-bmf`mj-sbbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpw Ipdn®v IqSp-X¬ Dƒ°m-gvNt- bmsS ]Tn-°m≥ Ah-kcw \¬Ip∂ hn[-Øn-emWv ]Ømw ¢mknse ]mTy-]≤Xn Bkq-{XWw sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. {]tbm-K-k-µ¿`-ß-fn¬ \n∂v `mjmL-S-\-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dnbm\pw hyXy-kvX-am-\-Z-fi-߃ D]-tbmKn®v hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw \ap°p Ign-b-Ww. sshhn-[y-ap≈ cN-\-I-fn¬ ]cn-Nbw t\Sp-tºm-gmWv AXp km[y-am-hp-∂-Xv. Bi-b-hn\n-a-b-Øns‚ hyXykvXX ASp-Ø-dn-bm≥ Cu At\z-jWw klm-b-Iamhpw. \Ωp-sS kmwkvIm-cnI]mc-º-cy-Øns‚bpw aqey-k-¶ev]ß-fp-sSbpw thcp-Iƒ At\zjn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\v kmln-Xy-]-T\w hgn-sX-fn-°p-∂p. kaIm-enI kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-Ønse {]iv\-ßfpw {]Xn-k-‘nIfpw Cu ]mT]p-kvX-I-Ønse cN-\-Iƒ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. sshhn-[y-ap≈ cN-\-Ifpw {]h¿Ø\\n¿tZ-i-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈n-®psIm≠v cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønbn´p≈ Cu ]mT-]p-kvXIw hn]pehpw hnim-e-hpamb `mjm-]-T-\-Øn\p hgn-sbmcp-°p-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. kvt\lm-iw-kI - t- fmsS,

s{]m^. Fw.-F. -Jm-Z¿ Ub-d-IvS¿ Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn.

ae- b mfw

3

]mT-]p-kvXI cN\mkanXn AssUz-k¿

:

sI.]n. i¶-c≥, doU¿ (dn´.) doPn-b-W¬ C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v FUyq-t°-j≥ (F≥.-kn.-C.-B¿.-Sn), ssakq¿

sNb¿am≥

:

tUm. Un. _©-an≥, s{]m^-k¿ & slUv Hm^v Zn Un∏m¿´vsa‚v (dn´.) tIcf k¿h-I-em-ime

AwK-߃ AIv_¿ I°-´n¬, saº¿, AssUz-kdn t_m¿Uv, tI{µ- km-lnXy A°m-Zan

{]Im-i≥ ]n.]n., eIvN-d¿, Kh. tImtf-Pv, ]´m-ºn

AlΩZv sjco^v Pn.Fw.-B¿.-F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. t^m¿ tKƒkv, Imk-dt- KmUv

aS-hq¿ iin, So®¿ (dn´.) Pn.Fw.-_n.F®v.-F-kv.-Fkv ssX°m-Sv aWn-I-WvT-Zmkv sI.hn., F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. N´-©m¬

DΩ¿ Sn. sI, SmtKm¿ hnZym-\n-tI-X≥ Pn.F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. Xfn-∏-dºv ISm-t¶mSv {]`m-I-c≥, FUn-‰¿ (dn´.) tIc-f- km-lnXy A°m-Zan Nn{X kn.]n., Ub-d-IvS¿ (dn´.) lb¿ sk°-≠dn hnZym-`ymkw

taml-\≥ sI.hn., Pn.Pn.F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv., at©cn blnb ]n., Pn.hn.F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. ]øm-\-°¬ cma≥ ]n., Pn._n.-F®- v.F - k - v.F - k - v. s\∑md

Pnt\-jvIp-am¿ Fcaw, Pn.F®v.F - k - v.F - k - v., aSm-bn, ]g-bß - mSn ]n.H. tPmjn Sn.sI., Pn.F-®v.-F-kv. XS-Øn¬∏-dºv

t{]a-N-{µ≥ ]n., Pn.Pn. F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. ]ø-∂q¿

hnt\mZv sshimJn, P\m¿Z-\-]pcw F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv., H‰-ti-J-c-awKew {ioP B¿.-F-kv., hnIvSdn tKƒkv sslkvIqƒ, t\aw

Znt\-i≥ ]n., Pn.F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv., Fcp-a-s∏-´n.

tUm. kXy-t\-i≥ ]n., Akn.s{]m^-k¿ (dn´.) Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn.

\mcm-b-W-ta-t\m≥ ]n., s{]m^-k¿ (dn´.) tIc-fh - ¿a tImtf-Pv, Xr»q¿

kmln¿Pm≥ F., Pn.F-®v.F - k - v.F - k - v. ]mf-bw-Ip∂v

Nn{X-cN\ $ aZ-\≥, B¿´v FUn-‰¿, amXr-`qan. $ sI. jco^v, B¿´n-Ãv, amXr-`qan. $ cmP-N{µ≥, Kh. hn.F-®v.F-kv. h¿°e $ cta-i≥ ]n., Ccn-ß-∂q¿ lb¿ sk°≠dn kvIqƒ. $ Beo-kv, alm-ap-{Z, imkvX-aw-Kew

hnZKv[kanXn H.F≥.-hn. Ipdp∏v, s{]m^-k¿ & slUv Hm^v Zn Un∏m¿´vsa‚v (dn´.), Kh¨sa‚v hna¨kv tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw kpµ-cw [\p-h-®-]pcw, {]n≥kn-∏¬ (dn´.) bqWn-th-gvkn‰n tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw hn. a[p-kq-Z\≥ \mb¿, s{]m^-k¿ (dn´.) sk‚v tkthygvkv tImtf-Pv, Xpº, Xncp-h-\-¥]pcw tUm. Fkv.-sI.hk-¥≥, s{]m^-k¿ (dn´.), {ioi-¶c tImtf-Pv, ImeSn tUm. Fw.F≥. Imc-t»-cn, s{]m^-k¿, tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-ime tUm. _n.-hn.i-in-Ip-am¿-, doU¿, bqWn-th-gvkn‰n tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tUm. sI.F. hm-kp-°p-´≥-, s{]m^-k¿ (dn´.) Kh¨sa‚v hna¨kv tImtf-Pv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tUm. Fkv.-sI. A\n¬ , eIvN-d¿, tImgn-t°mSv k¿h-I-em-ime

A°m-Z-anIv tImUnt\‰¿ tUm. ]n.sI.XneIv, dnk¿®v Hm^o-k¿, Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn.

kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT) hnZym-`h≥, ]qP-∏p-c, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 012

t]Pv

1. hm°mw h¿W-°pS NqSn... ...............................................

07

Fs‚ `mj ................................................................................................ 08 hm°ns‚ IqsS-cn-bp∂p ........................................................................ 09 kuµ-cy-]qP.............................................................................................. 12 ae-bmfw ...................................................................................................... 14

2. thWaokvt\l-_-‘-ß-fq-gn-bn¬ ...............................

18

sIm®pZpxJß-fp-dßq! .... .................................................................... 18 {_“m-ebw Xpd-°-s∏´p...................................................................... 20 tXmcm-ag ..................................................................................................... 24 Fs¥m-s°tbm \jvS-s∏´ Hcmƒ ................................................... 25

3. Aebpw aebpw IS-∂-h¿ ...............................................

31

BSp-Po-hnXw ............................................................................................. 31 B mw]Wn-°m¿ ................................................................................... 36

ae- b mfw

5

`mc-X-Øns‚ `c-W-L-S\ `mKw

IV

I

auenI I¿Ø-hy-߃ 51 I.

auenI I¿Ø- h y- ß ƒ ˛ Xmsg- ∏ - d - b p- ∂ h `mc- X - Ø nse Hmtcm ]uc-s‚bpw I¿Øhyw Bbn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv ˛

(I)

`c-W-L-S-\sb A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ BZ¿i-ß-sfbpw ÿm]-\-ßsfbpw tZiob]Xm-I-sbbpw tZiobKm\-sØbpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI;

(J)

kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ \ΩpsS tZiobka-c-Øn\v {]tNm-Z\w \¬Inb al-\o-bm-Z¿i-ßsf ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]n≥Xp-S-cp-Ibpw sNøpI;

(K)

`mc-X-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw sFIyhpw AJ-fi-Xbpw \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI;

(L) cmPysØ ImØp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw tZiob tkh\w A\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ Bhiys∏-Sp-tºmƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI; (M)

aX-]-chpw `mjm-]-chpw {]mtZ-in-Ihpw hn`m-Ko-b-hp-amb sshhn-[y-߃°XoX-ambn `mc-X-Ønse F√m P\-߃°p-an-S-bn¬, kulm¿Zhpw s]mXp-hmb kmtlm-Z-cy-a-t\m-`m-hhpw ]pe¿Øp-I. kv{XoI-fpsS A¥- n\v Ipdhp hcpØp∂ BNm-c-߃ ]cn-Xy-Pn-°pI;

(N)

\ΩpsS kΩn{ikwkvIm-c-Øns‚ kº-∂-amb ]mc-º-cysØ hne-a-Xn-°pIbpw \ne-\n-dp-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI;

(O) h\-ßfpw XSm-I-ßfpw \Zn-Ifpw h\yPo-hn-Ifpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ {]IrXym D≈ ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Pohn-I-tfmSv ImcpWyw ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI; (P)

imkv{Xo- b - a mb ImgvN- ∏ mSpw am\- h n- I - X bpw, At\z- j - W - Ø n\pw ]cnjvIcWØn\pw D≈ at\m-`m-hhpw hnI-kn-∏n-°pI;

(Q) s]mXp-kzØv ]cn-c-£n-°p-Ibpw i]Yw sNbvXv A{Iaw Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI; (R) cmjv { Sw bXv \ - Ø n- s ‚bpw e£y- { ]m- ] v X n- b p- s Sbpw D∂- X - X - e - ß - f n- t e°v \nc¥cw Db-c-Ø-°-hÆw hy‡n-]-chpw Iq´m-b-Xp-amb {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ F√m afi-e-ß-fnepw D¬Ir-jvS-X-bv°p-th≠n A[zm-\n-°p-I. (S)

6

Bdn\pw ]Xn-\m-en\pw CSbv°v {]mb-ap≈ Xs‚ Ip´nt°m c£y-_m-e-I-t\m, AXXp kwKXn t]mse, amXm-]n-Xm-°tfm c£-mI¿Ømthm hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p≈ Ah-k-c-߃ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

ASn- ÿ m\ ]mTm- h en

A¥n-bn-cp-´n¬ Zn°p-sX-‰nb s]¨]£n Xs‚ IqSn-s\-s®m√n Xs‚ Ip™n-s\-s®m√n kw{`-an®p Ic-bp-∂p. F\n-°-Xns‚ IqS-dnbmw Ip™n-t\-bp-a-dnbmw F∂m¬ F\n-°-Xns‚ `mj-b-dn-bn-√t√m. hn[n

Iem-{]nb ]cn-`mj : B‰q¿ chn-h¿a

"F\n-°-Xns‚ `mjbdn-bn-√t√m' F∂ Ihn-bpsS thh-em-Xn-bpsS s]mcp-sf-¥mhpw? N¿®sNøp-I.

h≈-tØmƒ

an≠n-Øp-S-ßm≥

{ian-°p∂ ]n©nfw˛ Np≠n-t∑-e-Ωn-™-∏m-tem-sSm-∏w, AΩ-sb-∂p≈ c≠-£-c-a-√tbm ktΩ-fn-®o-Sp-∂-sXm-∂m-a-Xmbv a‰p≈ `mj-Iƒ tIhew [m{Xn-am¿! a¿Øy∂p s]‰Ω X≥`m-j-Xm≥. amXm-hn≥ hm’-ey-ZpKv≤w \pI¿∂mte ss]X-߃ ]q¿W-h-f¿® t\Sq. AΩ-Xm≥ Xs∂ ]I¿∂p-X-cp-sºmtg \Ωƒ°-ar-Xp-a-ar-Xm-bvtØm∂q! GsXmcp thZ-hp-ta-sXmcp imkv{X-hp˛ tasXmcp Imhy-hp-ta-sXm-cmƒ°pw lrØn¬∏Xn-tb-W-sa-¶n¬ kz`m-j-X≥ h{‡-Øn¬ \n∂p Xm≥ tIƒ°-thWw.

lrZyw kz`m-j-X≥ ioI-c-tam-tcm-∂p˛ apƒtØ-\mbvt®cp∂p NnØ-Xm-cn¬; A\y-_n-µp-°-tfm, X¬_-ln¿`m-Kta an∂n-®p-\n¬°p∂ Xqap-Øp-Iƒ. BZn-a-Im-hyhpw ]©-a-th-Zhpw \oXn-s∏m-cp-fp-ap-]-\n-jØpw ]mSn- kz-Io-bsc tIƒ∏n® ssIcfn ]mS-h-lo\-sb-∂m¿ ]dbpw? sIm≠mSn \m\m-hn-Nn-¥\X¥p-°ƒ sIm≠mfl`mjsb hmbv∏n-°m-bvIn¬ tIc-f-Øn-∂o-bn-cpƒ°p-≠n¬ \ns∂m∂p tIdm≥ ]nSn-°-b-sd¥p thsd? a‰p≈ `mj-Iƒ tIhew [m{Xn-am¿! a¿Ø-y-∂p -s]-‰-Ω -X≥`mj- Xm≥. (kmln-X-y-a-RvP-cn, Ggmw`mKw)

$ ""tIc-f-Øn-∂o-bn-cpƒ°p-≠n¬ \ns∂m∂p tIdm≥ ]nSn-°-b-sd¥p thsd?'' Fß-s\-bmWv amXr-`mj Ccpƒ°p-≠n¬\n∂p Ic-I-b-dm-\p≈ ]nSn-°-b-dmbn Øocp-∂Xv? $ ""a‰p≈ `mj-Iƒ tIhew [m{Xn-am¿! a¿Ø-y-∂p -s]-‰-Ω -X≥`mj- Xm≥.'' amXr-`mj s]‰Ωbv°p Xpey-am-sW-∂m-Wt√m Ihn ]d-bp-∂-Xv. amXr-`mj F∂ Bibw "Fs‚ `mj' F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I.

$ 8

ASn- ÿ m\ ]mTm- h en

KqKn hm XnHmwtKm

ico-csØ

Iogvs∏-Sp-Ømt\ shSn-bp-≠Iƒ°m-hq. Bflobamb Iogvs∏-Sp-Ø-ens‚ am[yaw `mj-bm-Wv. `mj-bnepw kmln-XyØn-ep-ap≈ Fs‚Xs∂ hnZym-`ymkm\p-`-hß-fn¬\n∂v AXn\v Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃ \¬Imw. Rms\mcp henb I¿j-I-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-emWv P\n-®-Xv. A—≥, \mep `mcy-am¿, Ccp-]-Ønsb´p a°ƒ. A°m- e sØ coXn- b n¬ hf¿∂p ]¥-en®v Hcp kaqlw t]mep≈ IpSpw-_w. hb-ep-I-fn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-Øn-cp∂ R߃ KnIpbp kwkm-cn-®p. hoSn-\p-≈nepw ]pdØpw R߃ Cu `m-j-bmWv kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. XoIq´n Np‰pancp∂v IY tI´n-cp∂ A°mesØ kmbm-”-߃ Fs‚ Hm¿a-bn-ep-≠v.

apXn¿∂-h¿ Ip´n-Iƒ°mbmWv IY-Iƒ ]d™n-cp-∂-sX-¶nepw F√m-hcpw AXv BkzZn-®n-cp-∂p. R߃ ASpØ Znhkw a‰p Ip´nIƒ°v B IY- I ƒ ]d™psImSp- ° pw. bqtdm∏p-Imcp-sSbpw B{^n-°-≥ P∑n-I-fpsSbpw ]mSßfnepw ]qt¥m-´ß - fnepw ]Wnsb-Sp-Øn-cp-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p B Ip´n-Iƒ. KnIp-bp-hn¬ ]d-™p-X∂ an° IY-I-fnepw arK-ß-fm-Wv IYm-]m-{X-߃. sNdn-b-h\pw Zp¿_-e-\p-sa-¶nepw kq{X-im-en-bmb apb-embn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS \mb-I≥. knwlw, ]p≈n∏p- e n, Igp- X - ∏ pen XpS- ß nb {IqcarK߃s°-Xntc t]mcm-Sp∂ apb-ens\ \mbI-\mbn R߃ AwKo-Ic - n-®p. Ahs‚ hnPb-߃ Rß-fpsS hnP-bß - f - m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah\n¬ \n∂p R߃ Hcp ]mTw {Kln®p: i‡s\ Zp¿_-e\v _p≤n-sIm≠v tXm¬∏n°mw. hcƒ®, AXn-h¿jw, kqcy-Xm-]w, i‡-amb Im‰v XpS-ßn-bh t\cn-Sp∂ arKßsf R߃ ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p. {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambp≈ CØcw G‰p-ap-´¬ an°-t∏mgpw klI-c-W-Øns‚ ]pXnb hgn-Iƒ tXSm≥ IYI- f nse Zp¿_- e sc t{]cn- ∏ n- ® n- c p- ∂ p. Ah¿°n-S-bnse t]mcm-´-ßfpw Rßsf ckn-∏n-®p, {]tXy-In®v arK-ßfpw Cc-Ifpw XΩn- e p≈ t]mcm- ´ w. {]Ir- X n°pw arK߃°p-sa-Xn-tc-bp≈ Cc´t∏m-cm´w a\p-jytem-I-Øns‚ bYm¿Y Pohn-X-t∏m-cm-´-ß-sfbmWp {]Xn-^-en-∏n-®-Xv. a\p-jy≥ apJy-I-Ym-]m-{X-amb IY-Ifpw R߃ hn´p-I-f-™n-√. a\p-jy-s\ tI{µoI-cn-®p≈ IY-I-fn¬ c≠pXcw IYm-]m-{Xß-fm-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. [oc-X, Imcp-Wyw,

ae- b mfw

9

Xn∑-tbm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏v, klm-\p-`qXn XpSßnb kz`mhkhn-ti-j-X-I-fp-≈-hcm-bncp∂p Hcp hn`mKw. c≠m- a sØ hn`m- K Øn¬s∏- S p- ∂ - h ¿ B¿Øn, kzm¿Y- X , Rms\∂ `mhw, kl- I - c - W - t Øm- S p≈ shdp∏v F∂n-h-bp-≈-hcmbn-cp∂p. BXy-¥nI-amb \∑ kl-I-c-W-amWv; AXm-bn-cp∂p ÿnc-amb {]ta-b-hpw. cm£-k-∑m¿°pw CctX-Sp∂ arK-߃°p-sa-Xntc a\p-jy\pw arKßfpw H∂n-°p∂ IY-Iƒ. \∂mbpw tami- a mbpw IY- ] - d - b p- ∂ - h - ¿ AhnsS D- ≠ m- b n- c p∂p. Ah¿ t{imXm°ƒ°v ]pXnb A\p-`qXn ]I¿∂psIm≠ncn-°pw. a‰mtcm ]d™ IY Ah¿°v IqSpX¬ \mS-Io-b-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ign™p. hm°p-I-fp-sSbpw _nw_-ß-fp-sSbpw D]-tbm-K-Ønepw hnhn[ kzc-߃ krjvSn°p-∂- i_vZ{- I-ao-Ic - W - Ønepw Ah¿ hyXykvXX ]pe¿Øn. AXn-\m¬ R߃ hm°pI-fpsS A¿Y-Øn\pw Ah-bpsS hyXykvX am\-߃°pw henb aqeyw Iev]n-®p. hm°pIƒ shdpsX tIm¿Øn´ Nc-S√ `mj. hm°pIƒ sIm≠p≈ Ifn-I-fn-eqsS, IS¶-Y-I-fneqsS, ]g-s©m-√p-I-fn-eqsS, A£-c-ß-fpsS adn®psNm√-ep-I-fn-eqsS `mj-bpsS hio-IcWi‡n R߃°v {Kln-°m≥ Ign-™p. D≈-S-°-Øn-\∏pdw hnl-cn-°p∂ `mj-bpsS kwKoXw R߃ Aßs\ a\- n-em-°n. _nw-_-ß-fn-eqsSbpw {]Xo-I-ß-fn-eqsSbpw `mj R߃°v temI-Øns‚ ImgvN kΩm\n-®p. Ahbv°v Ah-bp-tS-Xmb kuµ-cyap- ≠ - m bncp- ∂ p. Aßs\ hoSpw hbepw R߃°v {]mY-anIhnZym-e-b-ß-fm-bn. ]ns∂ Rm≥ kv I qfn¬ tN¿∂p ˛ Hcp sImtfm-Wn-b¬ kvIqƒ. AtXmsS Cu kzct®¿® C√m-Xm-bn. Fs‚ hnZym-`ym-kØ - ns‚ `mj Fs‚ kwkvImc-Øns‚ `mj-bm-bn-cp∂n-√. kphn-ti-j-I¿ \S-Ønb Iam-¥-c-bnemWv Rm≥ ]Tn-°m≥ sN∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv Rm≥, KnIpbp kzmX-{¥y-hm-Zn-Ifpw IcnwK kv I qƒ Atkm- k n- t b- j \pw \S- Ø nb am≥KpK hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ tN¿∂p. F\n°v 1 0 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

BZy-ambn \o≠ ssIb-Sn-bn-eqsS AwKoImcw e`n-®Xv KnIpbp `mj-bn¬ Rm≥ FgpXnb cN-\bv°m-Wv. Cu ImeØv Fs‚ Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ `mjbpw en{ap I¿jIkaq-lØ - ns‚ `mjbpw XΩn¬ s]mcpØ-s∏´p. 1952 ˛¬ sI\n-b-bn¬ A[n-\n-thi`c-WIqSw ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ {]Jym-]n-®-tXmsS kzcmPykvt\ln-I-fmb tZio-b-hm-Zn-Iƒ \SØnbncp∂ hnZym-e-b-߃ Cw•o-jp-Im-cpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn-ep≈ hnZym-`ymkt_m¿Up-IfpsS Iogn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂p. ho≠pw Fs‚ Hu]- N m- c nI hnZym- ` ymk- Ø ns‚ `mj Cw•ojv Bbn-Øo¿∂p. sI\n-b-bn¬ Cw•ojn\v Hcp `mj-sb-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ henb {]m[m\yw D≠m-bn. kvIqƒ ]cn-k-cØv Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw h®v KnIpbp `mj-bn¬ kwkm-cn®p F∂ Ip‰Øn\v ]nSn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv G‰hpw Xcw-XmWXpw e÷m-h-l-hpamb A\p-`-h-ß-fn-sem∂mbn amdn. Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ°v imco-cnI]oU \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-]p-dsa HSp-°m≥ IgnbmØ ]ngbpw. A[ym-]-I¿ Fß-s\-bm-bncp∂p Cu Ip‰-hm-fn-Isf ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn-cp-∂Xv? BZyw Hcp Ip´n°v Hcp _´¨ kΩm-\n-°pw. amXr--`m-j-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂ Ip´n°v Ah\Xv ssIam-dW - w. Aßs\ Cu _´¨ e`n® F√m Ip´n- I fpw sshIp- t ∂cw Hcp- a n®v BcpsS ssIbn¬ \n∂mWv X߃°v _´¨ e`n-®Xv F∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. AtXmsS Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ apgp-h≥ ]nSn-°-s∏Sp-∂p. Cu {]{In-b- Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ip‰-hm-fn-Isf ]nSn-Iq-Sm-\p≈ Xmev]cyw hf¿Øn. IqSmsX cmPy- t {Zm- l n- b m- b m¬ h∂p- ` - h n- ° mhp∂ \jvS-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Ip´n-Iƒ°p t_m[ap≠m- h p∂p. Cw•ojv Fgp- X p- ∂ - X ntem kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xntem anIhp {]I-Sn-∏n-®m¬ AXn\v henb kΩm-\-߃, A`n-\-µ-\w, Ic-tLm-jw, Db¿∂ afi-e-ß-fn-te-°p≈ {]th-i-\m-\p-aXn XpS-ßn-bh e`n-®n-cp-∂p. _p≤n- i - ‡ n- b nepw Ie- b nepw imkv { XØnepw hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ F√m afi-e-ß-

fnepw Ign-hns‚ Af-hp-tIm¬ Cw•ojv `mjbmbnØo¿∂p. tImf\nhmgv N - ° m- e sØ hnZym-`ymkkwhn-[m-\-Øn\v h¿WhnthN\kz`mhw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {]mY-anIhnZym-`ym-k-Øn¬ \n∂v c≠mw-L´ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v hnZym¿Yn-Isf Xnc-s™Sp-Øn-cp-∂Xv ]co-£-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Fs‚ ]T-\I - m-eØv B ]co-£sb sI\nb B{^n°≥ {]mcw-`-]-co£ F∂p hnfn-®n-cp-∂p. B ]co- £ - b n¬ Pbn- ° p- ∂ - X n\v KWnX imkv{Xw apX¬ {]Ir-Xn-]-T-\w hscbpw Inkvhmlnen `mjbpw Dƒs∏sS Bdp hnjb-ß-fn¬ hnP-bn-°-Ww. F√m hnj-b-ßfpw Cw•o-jn¬ Fgp-X-Ww. Cw•ojv `mj-bn¬ tXm¬°p∂ B¿°pwXs∂ ]co-£-bn¬ Pbn-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. a‰p≈ hnj-b-߃°v F{XXs∂ am¿°v t\Sn-bmepw Cw•ojn¬ anI-hpIm-´n-bm¬ am{Xta _ncpZhnZym¿Yn AWn-tb≠ Nph∏v Ku¨ e`n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. Cw•o-jn\v hnPbw am{Xw t]mcm! Cw•o-jn¬ A\n-Xc km[m-cW hnPbw ssIh-cn-®m¬ am{Xta Cu ]nc-an-Uns‚ G‰hpw Akq-bm-h-l-amb ÿm\Øv FØn-t®-cm≥ Bhp-I-bp-≈q. Cw•o-jn¬ tbmKy-Xm-]{Xw e`n® hy‡nIƒt° hnin-jvS-amb ÿm\-߃ Ae-¶cn-°m≥ km[n-°p--I-bp-≈q. A[n-\n-thi

km{am-Py-Øns‚ D∂-X-ß-fn¬ FØm-\p≈ Htc-sbmcp D]mbw Cw•ojv `mj-bm-bn-cp∂p. Cu `mj B[n-]Xyw Dd-∏n-®-tXmsSm∏w kmln-Xy-]T - \w GXp-hn-[Ø - n¬ thW-sa∂v BXy- ¥ n- I - a mbn Xocp- a m- \ n°p∂ i‡n bmbpw AXv amdn. sI\n-b≥ hmsam-gn-Ifneq-sS-bp≈ `mjm-]-T\w \n¿Ø-em-°n. {]mYanI hnZym-e-b-Øn¬h®v {]ikvX BwKekmln-Xy-Im-c-∑m-cp-sS efn-X-am°nb IrXnIƒ hmbn°m≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n®p. Hen-h¿ SznÃv t]mep≈ IrXn-Iƒ `mh-\bpsS temI-Ønse Iq´p-Im-cmbn Znhkhpw Fs‚ IqsSbp≠m- b n- c p- ∂ p. sk°≠- d n kvIqfn¬ IqSp-X¬ Kuc-h-ap≈ Cw•ojv IrXn-Iƒ hmbn-®p. {ItaW kz¥w `mjbpw kmln- X yhpw R߃°v A\y- a m- b nØo¿∂p. A[n-\nthikwhn-[m\w F¥mWv Rß-sft∏m-ep≈ sI\n-b≥ Ip´n-I-fn¬ sNbvXXv? HcphiØv Rß-fpsS `mj-I-sfbpw kmlnXy- ß sfbpw ASn- ® - a ¿Øn. adp- h - i Øv Cw•ojv `mj- s bbpw kmln- X y- s Øbpw BIm-i-tØmfw Db¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXns‚ {]Xym-LmXw hep-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. UntImf-ss\-knMv Zn ssa≥Uv

hnh¿ØI¿: _nPp-cmPv, _n\p- C-S-\mSv $ \n߃°-dn-bm-hp∂ Hcp \mtSm-Sn-°Y ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I. Ah-XcWssien IY-bpsS `mh-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn N¿®-sN-øp-I. $ \nß-fpsS {]tZ-i-Øp -am{Xw {]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ GXm\pw hm°p-Iƒ Is≠Øn Ahbv°v A¿Y-hn-h-cWw \¬In Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I. $ ""ico-csØ Iogvs∏-Sp-Ømt\ shSn-bp-≠-Iƒ°m-hq. Bflobamb Iogvs∏-Sp-Øens‚ am[yaw `mj-bmWv'' ˛ Cu A`n-{]mbw hni-I-e\wsNbvXv Ip-dn-∏v Xbm-dm°p-I. $ kvIqƒ]cn-k-c-Øp-h®v KnIpbp `mj kwkm-cn-®m¬ in£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ A\p-`hw hmbn-®-t√m. kvIqfn¬ ae-bmfw kwkm-cn-®-Xn\v ]ng CuSm-°nb A\p-`hw tIc-f-Øn-ep-ap-≠v. \ΩpsS `mjsb A]-am-\n-°p-∂Xv \mw Xs∂-bt√? {]Xn-Ic-W-°p-dn-s∏-gp-Xp-I. $ ae- b mfw 1 1

]n.- Ip-™n-cm-a≥\mb¿

Ipfn®p

]qs∏m-en-∏m-´n¬ hnfn®p ae-\m-Sns\: Hfn®p ]q°-fw-Xo¿Øp Ifn® ]pe¿-th-f-Iƒ.

kXz-sh-◊-sbgpw I∂n hm\n¬®p-‰n-∏-d-°th, ]qa-Wn-®n-d-In≥Im-‰n˛ emSo kz¿Kobku`Kw!

]d-∂p-t]m-bv]-©-h¿W˛ °nfn-°q-´-߃t]m-eth, Ip∂n≥sN-cp-hn-tem-W-∏q˛ °pºn-tf-¥nb k‘y-Iƒ.

\ni-X≥ JWvU-Im-hy-߃ XncpØpw kpcy-c-ivan-Iƒ \n¿an®p Xqh-en≥Xp-ºm¬ `mh-\m-a-Wn-]-Ø\w!

Imhn-a-Æn-gp-Ip-wsImºp Ipep-°n-Øm-S-bm-´nbpw, IpXn-®p-]m™q Nnß-∏q˛ tØcn¬∏q´nb Imf-Iƒ.

kXy-{]Ir-XnZo-]-Øn¬˛ °Øpw s]m≥Xn-cn-t]m-e-th, Acn-hm-tf¥n\n¬°p∂q I∂n-˛-I¿j-I-I-\y-I.

IÆo-c-Wn™p Ip{Km-a˛ e£van-t\m-°n-bn-cn-°-sh, tIh-©n-tI-dn-t∏m-tbm-W˛ shÆn-em-h-Wn-cm-hp-Iƒ.

Ipfp-¿s°-b-hƒ t\m°p-tºmƒ ]qØq hn¨]n-®-I-s®Sn Ahƒ \ocm-Sth \oe˛ Z¿∏Ww ]mgv®-fn-°pfw!

IkvXq-cn-°p-dn-]q-ip∂ hc-ºn≥ h°n-sem-s°bpw Im¬sh-∏n-\m¬ ]q\n-cØo cay-im-c-Z-I-\y-I. 1 2 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

(]q°fw)

$

""]d-∂p-t]m-bv]©-h¿W˛ °nfn-°q-´-߃t]m-eth, Ip∂n≥sN-cp-hn-tem-W-∏q˛ °pºn-tf-¥nb k‘y-Iƒ.'' ""IÆo-c-Wn™p Ip{Km-a˛ e£van-t\m-°n-bn-cn-°-sh tIh-©n-tI-dn-t∏m-tbm-W˛ shÆn-em-h-Wn-cm-hp-Iƒ.'' {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ Ihn sXfn-bn-s®-Sp-°p∂ a\p-jy-`m-h-߃ Fs¥-√m-amWv? {]Ir-Xnh¿W-\-Isf Fß-s\-bmWv Ah Poh-Øm°p∂Xv?

$ ""Ipfn®p ]qs∏m-en-∏m-´n¬ hnfn-®p-a-e-\m-Sns\ Hfn®p ]q°fwXo¿Øp Ifn® ]pe¿th-f-Iƒ.'' ASn-h-c-bn´ ]Z-Øn-\p- ]-Icw as‰mcp ]Zw Is≠-Ømtam? \n߃ Is≠-Ønb ]Zw Ihn-X-bpsS Xmf-Øn\pw `mh-Øn\pw CW-ßp-∂-XmtWm? N¿®sNøp-I. $ tIc-f-Øns‚ {]Ir-Xn-ku-µcyw t]mse-Øs∂ `mj-bp-sS kuµcyhpw \in-®psIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmtWm? N¿®sNøpI.

$

ae- b mfw 1 3

k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

`qan-bpsS ]pg-Iƒ°pw I\n-Iƒ°pw aptº Fs∂ Aar-Xq-´n-bn-cp∂ s]m°nƒs°mSn thZ-\-bpsS [\y-aq¿—-bn¬ kzbw hf¿∂v Fs∂ Dep-h-bp-sSbpw shfp-Øp-≈n-bp-sSbpw Xo£vW kpK-‘-ß-fn-te-°m-\-bn-®-hƒ shfn-®-Øns‚ A∏q-∏≥Xm-Sn-IƒsIm≠v DÆn-bp-S-ense Cu‰p-tNmc XpS®v amºq-a-W-Øn¬ kv\m\-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-hƒ s]m∂pw- h-bºpw sIm≠v Fs‚ \mhn≥Xp-ºn¬ J\n-I-fpsS Bghpw h\-ß-fpsS km{µ-X-bpw ]I¿∂-hƒ Cc-bnΩs‚ Xmcm´pw DÆm-bn-bpsS ]Z-ßfpw sIm≠v Fs∂ kz]v\-ß-fn-te-°p-d-°n-°n-S-Øn-b-hƒ hnc¬Øp-ºn¬∏n-Sn®v aW-ens‚ sh≈n-s°m-ºn¬ lcn-{io-bpsS cmP-a-√n-Iƒ hnS¿Øn-b-hƒ A—-t\mSpw kqcy-t\m-Sp-sam∏w In-g-°p-]p-d-Øp-Zn®v hymI-c-Whpw Ihn-Xbpw Im´n

1 4 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

Fs∂ `b-s∏-SpØn {]tem-`n-∏n-®-hƒ Fs‚ kvsf-bv‰n¬ hnS¿∂ hSn-hp‰ ag-hn√v Fs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øm-fn¬ s]‰ps]cp-Inb abn¬∏oen Fs‚ Np-≠p-I-fnse a[p-c-®-h¿∏p‰ Ce-™n-∏gw hgn-b-cn-In¬ Rm≥ tI´p-h-f¿∂ \nc-¥c Jc-l-c-{]nb kzc-ß-fn-eqsS tX\pw hyRvP-\-ß-fn-eqsS Ccp-ºp-sam-gp-°p∂ Aº-sØm∂p Iºn-I-fp≈ hoW Rm‰p-th-e-bn¬\n∂p Rm‰p-th-e-bn-te°p t]mIp∂ Infn-∏m-´ns‚ Ipep-ßp∂ Xq°p-]mew Adnhpw BS-tem-S-Ihpw aW-°p∂ ]g-sam-gn-I-fpsS \nd-\n-emhv ]mºn≥-am-f-߃ \nd™ IS-¶-Y-I-fpsS \qWp-t]m-tI≠ ssaem-©n-h-gn-Iƒ k‘y--I-fn¬ A·n-hn-ip-≤-bmbn I\-I-{]` sNmcn™ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ koXm-am-Xmhv ]®bpw Inco-S-hp-a-Wn™v Aca-Wnbpw Nneºpw Inep°n R߃ t\Snb hmSmØ IeymWkuK-‘nIw D’-h-∏n-t‰-∂sØ ]pe-cn-a-b-°-Øn¬ tN¶n-e-ap-g-°-tØm-sSm∏w ImXp-I-fn¬ ]qØp-\n∂ kmay-a-I-t∂m-cp-Zym\w £oc-km-K-c-i-b-\s‚ \m`n-bn¬ apf-sb-SpØ kzmXn-bpsS kwKoXktcm-cplw Ben≥tNm-´n-se FÆ-a‰ taf-Øn-c-I-fn¬ Ben-e-bn¬ s]m¥n-°n-S∂ ssNX\yw tkmf-as‚ Xmgvhc-bnse lwk-ip-{`-bmb en√n tami-bvs°m∏w {]h-Nn-®-hƒ, Zmho-Zn-t\m-sSmØv Imf-°q-‰-∑m-cpsS sImºn¬\n∂p Ic-™-hƒ, ]pd-s∏-´-hƒ, {Iqin-°-s∏-´-hƒ, Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰-hƒ, ae-bm-fw. "ae-bmfw' F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS BZy-Jfiw (sXc-s™-SpØ Ihn-X-Iƒ 1965 ˛ 1998)

$ ""Fs‚ kvsfbv‰n¬ hnS¿∂ hSn-hp‰ ag-hn√v Fs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øm-fn¬ s]‰p-s]-cp-Inb abn¬∏oen'' amXr-`mj ]I¿∂ A\p-`q-Xn-bmWv Ihn ChnsS Bhn-jvI-cn-®-Xv. \ap°v kz¥w `mj {]nb-¶-c-am-hp-∂-Xns‚ Imc-W-߃ hni-I-e\w sNøp-I.

ae- b mfw 1 5

$ ""Adnhpw BS-tem-SIhpw aW-°p∂ ]g-sam-gn-I-fpsS \nd-\n-emhv ]mºn≥am-f-߃ \nd™ IS-¶-Y-I-fpsS \qWpt]mtI≠ ssaem-©n-h-gn-Iƒ'' ]g-sam-gn-I-fp-sSbpw IS-¶-Y-I-fp-sSbpw Fs¥√mw {]tXy-I-X-I-fmWv ASn-h-c-bn´ ]Z-߃ sIm≠p kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv? \n߃°p ]cn-N-b-ap≈ ]g-sam-gn-Ifpw IS-¶-Y-Ifpw DZm-l-cn®p hnh-cn-°p-I.

$ ""A—\pw AΩbpw {]W-bn® `mj ae-bmfw Ipºn-fn¬ I™n, hni-∏m-‰p-hm≥ hm°pX∂ ae-bmfw s]ß-tfm-sS√mw ]d™p Xfn¿°p-hm≥ h∂ ae-bmfw Iqen t]msc-∂-X-dn™p ]nW-ßp-hm≥ Bbp[w X∂ ae-bmfw.''

(AΩae-bmfw˛Ipco∏pg {ioIp-am¿)

$ ""Fs∂-bp-d-°m≥ InS-Øp-sºmgpw sas√˛ sas√-bn-cp-´n∂pa∏pdw {]f-b-Øn˛ sem∂m-b-en-bn-s®-Sp-°p-sºm-gpw, ]ns∂ Rm\dnbmsX hnfn-®p-W¿Øp-sºmgpw F¥n-s\-∂n-√m-sX-bp-Z-b-KXn hne-b-߲ sf∂n-eq-sS-∂p-am-h¿Øn-®n-Sp-sºmgpw hms°s‚bΩ-bp-a-—-\p-am-Ip∂p hm°n≥ hnc¬ Xqßn-bt√m \S-°p-∂p.''

(hm°v˛hn. a[p-kq-Z-\≥\mb¿)

$ ""A—-t\mSpw kqcy-t\m-Sp-sam∏w In-g-°p-]p-d-Øp-Zn®v hymI-c-Whpw Ihn-Xbpw Im´n Fs∂ `b-s∏-SpØn {]tem-`n-∏n-®-hƒ''

(ae-bm-fw-˛-k-®n-Zm-\-µ≥)

Ihn-Xm-`mK߃ hni-I-e\w sNbvXv `mj-tbmSv Ihn-Iƒ°p≈ ho£Ww hne-bn-cpØpI. $ ""tN¶neapg-°-tØm-sSm∏w ImXp-I-fn¬ ]qØp\n∂ kma-y-a-I-t∂m-cp-Z-ym\w'' tN¶n-e-bpsS apg°w F∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw "tN¶n-e-ap-g°w' F∂v Ihn ChnsS {]tbmKn-®-sX¥psIm-≠mhmw? N¿®sNøp-I. kam-\-amb {]tbm-K-߃ Is≠Øn {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-I. $

""BZw \osb-hn-sSsØ'∂cpƒ sNbvX \mZwtI´p Ipepßn ]dp-Zok BZ-hp-a-g-tI-dnb `mcybpw `oXn-]q≠p {`an®phnd-®p-S≥ ssZhIev]\m\mZ-߃ tI´-t∏mƒ ssZhn-I-ap-≈n¬ ]p°p-S-\m-Zhpw

1 6 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

ssZh-\ymbw IS-∂Xp Nn¥n®p ssZhta! ]ng-s®-∂-h≥ tXdn-\m≥ \mW-sa-s¥-∂-dn-bmØ am\p-j¿ \mWn®p ]{X-hkv{Xw [cn-®p-S≥ sNbvX-tZm-j-Øn-∂p-Ø-c-a-s∏mtg kpXm-]-tØm-S-\p-`-hn-®m-c-h¿ hºp-tam-ln-®-kp-c-t\m-sSm-∂n®p ]mºp-am-\p-jsc NXn-sN-bvI-bm¬ ]mºns\ kI-te-i≥ i]n-®p-S≥ h≥]I am\p-j¿°m°n Iev]n®p.'' 18˛ mw \q‰m-≠n¬ tIc-f-Øn-se-Ønb P¿a≥ anj-\-dn-bmb A¿tWm-kp-]m-Xn-cnbpsS "IqXm-i-∏m\' F∂ IrXn-bnse Hcp `mK-amWv apI-fn¬ tN¿Øn-´p-≈Xv. CXnse `mjm-coXn C∂sØ `mjm-co-Xn-bp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn-s∏gpXp-I.

$

ae- b mfw 1 7

H.F≥.-hn. Ipdp∏v

{imh-W-]p-jv]-߃

ImtXm¿Øp \n¬°p-s∂m˛

coh-gn-Øm-c-bn-eqtS, H°-Øp-]m-´ns‚ tX≥Ip-S-ta¥n \o˛ sbØnbn√;¥n abßo!... s]¨sIm-So, \o aWnØw_pcp-hm-°p-am˛ a¨Ip-S-an-∂m¿°p hn‰q? \mthdpw ItÆ-dp-ta¬°m-sXbo ae˛ \mSn-s\-t∏m-‰p∂ Km\w \mK-^Ww hnXn¿Øm-Snb ]p≈p-h˛ hoW-bn-s∂t¥ abßo?

1 8 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

""]mSpI ho≠p'' sat∂m-Xp∂p ho¿∏n-´p ]mXn-cm-∏q-hns‚ au\w. \o´p∂p cmhp-Iƒ shÆn-em-hn-∂n-f-˛ -∂o¿°pSw: ""samØn-°p-Sn°q!'' sXm´p-W¿Øo-Sp∂p ]ns∂-bn-fw-sh-bn¬ sam´p-I-fn-°n-fn-Iq-´n. sX®n-∏-g-ß-fn-dp-Øp-sIm-t≠m-Sp∂ sX°≥a-Wn-°m-‰p-tamXo: ""]mSpI ho≠pw...'' kph¿W-i-e-`-߃ ]mdn-∏-d-°p∂p Np‰pw! sIm°p hnS¿Øp∂nsX∂nsetbIm¥˛ X]vXamw \oUØn-\p≈n¬ As°m®p imcnI!˛`qanI\ybvs°gpw ZpxJ߃ ]mSnb Xø¬˛ \mSp shSn™pt]mw \∑IƒX≥ IY* ]mSnb ss]¶nfnss∏X¬ sIm°n¬ Npc∂ \dp-t¥≥ \pI¿s∂s‚ sIm®pZpxJßfp-dßq! \n߃X≥ IÆo¿ Ie-cm-Xn-cn-°s´˛ bns∂-¶nepsas‚ ]m´n¬! (A·n-i-e-`-߃)

*ssItIbn cmas\ Im´n-te-°-b-∏n®p; ]ns∂, B cma≥ Xs∂ koX-sb-bpw.

$ \∑-Iƒ - \mSp-sh-Sn-™p-t]m-Ip-∂Xns\-°p-dn®v ss]¶n-fn-ss∏-X¬ ]mSp-tºmƒ IhnbpsS sIm®pZpxJ߃ Dd- ß p- ∂ p. "\n߃X≥ IÆo¿ Ie- c m- X n- c n- ° s´ bns∂-¶nepsas‚ ]m´n¬!' F∂v Ihn B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Ihn-Xsb kw_-‘n® F¥p ImgvN-∏m-SmWv CXn-\p-]n-∂n-ep-≈Xv? $ \mtSm-Sn-kw-kvIr-Xn-bpsS \miw Hcp-`m-KØv `oj-Wn-bmbn \n¬°p-∂p. {]Ir-XnbpsS cay-`m-h-߃ adp-`m-KØv Ihnsb \nc-¥cw {]tem-`n-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu sshImcnI {]Xn-k‘n Ihn-X-bn¬ Fß-s\-bmWv sXfn-bp-∂Xv? $ sshIm-cn-I-X, kwKo-Xm-fl-I-X, sshb-‡n-IX XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv `mh-Ko-X-ßfpsS khn-ti-j-XIƒ. "sIm®pZpxJ-ß-fp-dßq...!' F∂ IhnX hni-I-e\w sNbvXv khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-I.

$ ae- b mfw 1 9

hn.Sn. `´-Xn-cn-∏mSv

sIm√w,

amkw, Znhkw Cs∂-\n-t°m¿abn-√. Hcp-\mƒ AkvX-a-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn c≠]-cn-Nn-X-∑m¿ Fs‚ ]Sn-°¬ h∂v Fs∂ At\z- j n®p˛ Hcmƒ {io. kn.F- k v. tKm]mepw at‰-bmƒ At±-l-Øns‚ Hcp kvt\ln-X\pw. Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{X-{]-thi\{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Xo®qf {io. sI. tIf-∏s‚ akvXn-jvI-Øn¬ \odn-∏p-I-bp∂ Ime-am-bncp∂p AXv. Fs‚ \m´nse kh¿W-cn¬ A\p-Iq-en-Isfbpw {]Xn-Iq-en-I-sfbpw aWØ-dn™v kwL-S\ ]pjvSn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ DZyan-°-W-sa-∂p≈ {io. tIf-∏s‚ A`n-emjadn-bn-°-emWv Ah-cpsS BK-a-t\m-t±-iyw. GsXm- c - h ¿W\pw, Abm- s f{X alm- \ mbmepw icn, GXp kh¿W-k-t¶-X-Ønepw {]th-i\w \ntj-[n-®n-cns° Hcp \ºq-Xncn Kr-l-Øn-te°v Ah-sc-ßs\ Ib-dn-hcpw? Rm\-hsc ]qap-J-tØ°p sIm≠p-t]mbn ka-cymZw kzoI-cn-®p. Hc-ca - W - n-°q-dn-\p-≈n¬ R߃°p ]d-bm-\p≈Xv ]d-™-h-km-\n∏n-s®-¶nepw B sshInb thf-bn¬ Ahsc Rm≥ t]mhm-\-\p-h-Zn-®n-√. Aßs\ Rßf-hnsS sskzc-ambn skm≈n-°q-Sn. A∂v A—-\p≈ Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p. {]mbw Adp-]-Xn-ep-a-∏p-d-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw At±lw A\p-h¿Øn®pt]m∂n-cp∂ Xt]m-\n-jvTa - mb Zn\-N-cy°p bmsXm-cbhpw _m[n-®n-cp-∂n√. shfp-∏m≥ImeØv aWn aq∂p ap´n-bm¬ DW¿s∂- g p- t ∂- ¬ °pw. Fs‚ hmk- ÿ eØp \n∂p kpam¿ Hcp \mgnI Zqc-ap-≠v `mc-X-∏p-g-bn-te°v. Ahn-sS-bmWv At±-lØns‚ Ipfn. ]pg-h-°-Øp≈ bt⁄-izcw t£{X-Øn¬ ]I¬ apgp-h≥ `P-\-an-cp∂v Ign-®p-Iq-´pw. cm{Xn F´p-a-Wnt° Xncn-s®2 0 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

Øp- I - b p- ≈ q. XhnSp If- b msX thhn® \nthZyw kar-≤-amb hn`-h-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn hnkvXc - n-®n-cp∂v DuWp Ign-°pw. Fs‚ `mcy {ioa-Xn hn. Sn. {iotZhn A¥¿P\w ]nXr\n¿hn-ti-j-amb `‡ym-Z-c-ß-tfmsS ]cn-Ncn-°pw. DuWn-\n-S-bnse "shSn-h´'Øn¬ \n∂v A∂-∂sØ kmap-Zm-bnI˛cmjv{Sob kmº-ØnI kwK-Xn-Isf kw_-‘n® hnhc-߃ At±lw At\z-jn-®d - n-bpw. Xo{h-amb {hXw aqew ipjvI-i-co-c-s\-¶nepw shÆodn¬ I\-se-∂-t]mse Hfn-™p-In-S-°p∂ IpSpw-_-kvt\lw B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ At±l- Ø n¬ kap- ÷ zen- ° m- d p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. GXm≠v Hcp aWn-°q¿ \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ Cu "Xncp-h-Ømgw' Hcp sshZnI I¿a-Øns‚ at´m-Sp-IqSn ]cy-h-km-\n® DSs\ At±lw kz¥w apdn-bn¬ sN∂p InS°pw. 24 aWn°q-dn-\n-S-bn¬ Cl-tem-I-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w Cu Hcp aWn-°q¿ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cßs\- b m- b n- c p∂p At±- l - Ø ns‚ \ntXy- \ bp≈ Pohn-XN - c - y. Znh-kØn-sem-cq-Wv, FÆ tXbv°n-√, £uc-an√, H‰apt≠ DSp-°q, AXe-°p-I-bn-√, Iodn-bme√msX am‰p-I-bp-an-√. taem-k-Iew `kvaw ]qipw. Npcp-°-Øn¬, C{µn- b - ß - s f√mw _em- e - a ¿Øn- s °m≠v CW-°n-»o-en® B {_“-Nc - y-Po-hnXw im¥am-sbm-c-·n-]¿h-X-Øns‚ {]Xo-Xn-tbmsS \o≠p-t]m-hpIbmbn-cp-∂p. AXn-Yn-Ifpw Rm\pw-IqSn ]qap-J-Øn-cp∂p shSn-]-d-bp-I-bm-Wv. cm{Xn aWn F´-Sn-®p. Hcnfw\nemhv Krlm- ¶ - W - Ø n¬ ]c- Ø ns°m≠p ]©-an-®-{µ≥ Z£n-W-N-{I-hm-fØn¬ Ncn™pXqßn-\n-∂p. hnim-e-amb hb-en¬ Hcp ioX-°m‰p h´wNp‰n-°-fn-®p.

B \nio-Y-\n-»-_vZ-Xsb t`Zn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ at{¥m-®m-cWw C√sØ ]qap-JsØ apJcn- X - a m°n. Aº- e - ° p- f - Ø n¬ \n∂p≈ A—s‚ hc-hm-bn-cp∂p AXv. AXn-Yn-I-fmb Cu Ah¿W¿ A—-\p-ambn t\cn-´m¬ D≠mtb- ° m- h p∂ B]¬^- e - ß sf `b- s ∏´p Rms\mcp kq{X- ∏ Wn sNbv X p. A—≥ A¥∏p-c-Øn-e-W-bp-∂Xn\p apºmbn Rm\hsc Ipfn- ° m≥ Iq´ns°m≠p- t ]m- b n. A—s‚ AØmgw Ign™v Dd-ßm≥ t]mb ka-bw-hsc Rm\-hsc Ipf-°-S-hn¬ Xmakn-∏n-®p. At±lw DuWp-I-gn™p InS-∏msb-∂-dn-™-tijw Rm≥ AXn-Yn-Isf Iq´ns°m-≠p-t]mbn AØm-g-am-cw-`n-®p. Aßs\ Hcp henb \ne-hn-f° - ns‚ apºn¬ Htc ]¥n∏m-b-bn-en-cp∂v R߃ DÆp-∂p. A¥¿P\-߃ Nm¿®-°m-cmb \ºqXn-cn-am¿s°-∂t]mse bmsXmcp ]cn-{`-ahpw IqSmsX hnfºp-∂p. tXm´-Øn-en-S-Xq¿∂p-\n¬°p∂ Ihpßn≥\nc-I-fn¬ ]pXp-Xmbn hncn™ ]q°pe-bpsS t\cnb aWw ]c-Øn-s°m≠v aµ -am-cp-X≥ Rßsf hoin-°p-fn¿∏n-°p-∂p. "F\n- ° n- h sc a\-   n- e m- b n√'˛ A—s‚ i_v Z w tI´p Rm≥ hmXn¬°- t e°p t\m°n. lc! lc! NI- e m- k p- s Im≠v Htc-dm-∏n´v c≠p ssIIfpw I´n-f-Øq-Wn-t∑e-a¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v sh≈-Øm-Sn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb apJw Rß-fp-Æp∂ Xf-Øn-te-°p-¥n-∏n-Sn®p-sIm-≠v A—-\ßs\ \n¬°p-∂p. Fs‚ DS-em-k-Iew Np´p-\o-dn. Rm≥ hnb¿sØmen-®p. Dcp-´nb Dcpf ssIbn¬Øs∂ ]nSn®p-sIm≠v Hcp inem-{]-Xn-a-t]mse Rm≥ \nt›-jvS-\mbn Ccp-∂-pt]m-bn. sh≈-ØmSnbpw `kva-°p-dnbpw NI-emkp]pX-∏p-ambn apºn¬ s]s´∂p {]Xy-£-s∏´ A—-s\°≠v AXn-Yn-Iƒ A¥w-adn™n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. hnf-ºm≥ ImØp\n¬°p∂ A¥¿P-\߃ "tKmkmbn'sb°≠ s]¨In-Sm-ß-sft∏mse ASp-°-f-ap-°n¬ sNs∂m-fn-®n-cn°p∂p!

"Fhn-Sp-∂mWv? F¥m-Wn-√-t∏cv? Ft∏mtg h∂Xv?'˛ AXn-Yn-Iƒ \ºq-Xn-cn-am-cm-bn-cn°p-sa∂ [mc-W-bn¬ ssI∏Sw s\‰n-Ø-SØn-e-a¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm≠v A—≥ ho≠pw Ipi-ea - m-cw-`n-®p. Ch¿ c≠o-gh - c - m-sW-∂p≈ ]®-∏-c-am¿Yw sh´n-Øp-d-∂p ]d-™mtem Fs∂m-cm-temN\ CSnan∂¬ t]mse Fs‚ Xe- b n- e - S n- ® p. AsXs‚ hmbn¬\n∂p hotg≠ Xma-kw, ""^! i∏! I≠ ]m°t\bpw t]m°- t \bpw {_“m- e - b - Ø n¬ sIm≠p-h∂p Np´p-s]m-´nbvt°y?'' F∂-´-lkn-®m-esØ ÿnXn-tbm¿Øp Rm≥ \Spßn. "Ch¿ Xncp- h n- X mw- I q- d n¬ \n∂p hcp∂ t]m‰n- a m- c m- W v . As√- ¶ n¬ Acn- { ]- t °mesØ c≠p Xºp-cm-°-∑m-cmWv' Fs∂mcp ]®-°≈w X´n-hn-´mtem? DØ-c-£-W-Øn¬ AXmbn Fs‚ Nn¥. "Xncp- h n- X mw- I qdnsehnsS-bmWv? F¥m-Wn-√-t∏cv? Fhn-sSbm-W-ΩmØv?' CØcw tNmZy-߃°v "\ºqXn-cn-`mj-bn¬' adp-]Sn ]d-bm≥ AXn-Yn-Isf- s °m- ≠ m- h msX ]´- s ]m- f n- ™ mtem F∂mbn ]n∂sØ `bw. kmh[m\w Nn¥n®v kam- [ m\w I≠p- ] n- S n- ° m- \ p≈

ae- b mfw 2 1

kaban-√. A—≥ tNmZyw Bh¿Øn®p XpSßn. s]s´-s∂s‚ Xe-bvs°mcp shfn]m-Sp-≠m-bn. hn]-Zn-ss[cyw Fs∂ c£n-®p. ""Ch¿ Gß-≠n-bq-cp≈ c≠o-g-h-cm-Wv. Kpcphm-bqcv t£{X-{]-th-i\w kw_-‘n® Nne Imcy-ß-ƒ°mbn tIf-∏≥ Ab-®n-cn-°-bmWn-hsc''˛ Cu hmN-I-߃ Rm≥ ]d-bp-Ib-√, Fs‚ a\- n¬\n∂v s]m´n-sØ-dn-°pI-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. `qan ]nf¿∂p R߃ aqhcpw ]mXm-f-Øn-te-°m-≠p-t]m-bmepw icn, kXyw ]d-™p-ht√m F∂ IrXm¿YX-tbm-Sp-IqSn IÆpw-NnΩn Rms\m-cn-cp-Øan- c p- ∂ p. sX√nS \o≠p- \ n∂ \n»_vZXbv°ptijw {_“-tem-IØ - p-\n∂p `qanbn-te-s°mcp ktµ-iw-t]mse ]cn-]m-h-\-amsbmcp t{]a- k z- c - Ø n¬ A—s‚ Xncp- a pJØp\ns∂mcp KoXm-]-Zy-i-Iew samgn-™nd-ßn: ""am tX hyYm, am N hnaq-V-`mthm, ZrjvSzm cq]w tLmc-ao-Zr-Mva-taZw hyt]-X`ox {]oX-a\mx ]p\kvXzw XtZh ta cq]-anZw {]]-iy''*

sNøp∂ tkh\w {_“- ⁄ m- \ - Ø n- t e°p≈ cmP-ho-Yn-bm-Wv. Cu {]]-©w apgph≥ Cuiz-c-a-b-am-Wv. Poh-Pm-e-Øn¬ C∂Xp¬Ir-jvSw, C∂-X-]-I-rjvSw F∂p ]cn-t—Zn-°m-\m¿°pw Ah-Im-i-an-√. F√mw Cuizcs‚ Awim-h-Xm-c-ß-fm-Wv. PmXn, AbnØw, aXw CsXms° kwkvIm- c -t`-ZsØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ hyXym-k-ß-fm-Wv. ⁄m\w- s Im≠pw I¿aw- s Im≠pw hnizt{]aw t\Sp-∂-Xmtcm, Ah-\mWv Znhy≥. Fs‚ apjn™ ]qWqepw `kva-°p-dnbpw I≠v \n߃ `b- s ∏- t S- ≠ . F\n°o {]ÿm\w CjvS-am-Wv. \n߃s°-t∏mgpw ChnsS hcmw. BIm- h p∂ klmbw ChnsS\n-∂p-≠m-hpw.'' Cßs\ A©p- a n- \ n- ´ p- t \- c - t Ømfw Hcp thZm-¥-{]-kwKw sNbvXp. HSp°w "\n߃ ]Xps° Ccn-°n≥. Rm\n-Øncn InS-°s´' F∂p ]d™v t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

B Km\am[pcn hmSnb Xpf-kn-∏q-hns\ ]®sh≈w Xfn-®p-W¿Øp-∂-t]mse Rßsf ]p\¿÷o-hn-∏n-®p.

Rm≥ BÀm-Zw-sIm-≠v aXn-a-d-∂p. ka-Xzkpµ-c-amb Hcp \h-tem-I-Øn-se-Øn-t®¿∂ kwXr]vXn tXm∂n Rß-ƒ°v. hr≤\pw hnin-jvS-\p-amb Hcp {_m“-Ws‚ a\- wkvImcw I≠v AXn-Yn-Iƒ A`n-am-\-]p-f-InX-cm-bn.

""\n߃ ]cn-{`-an-t°≠. Krl-ÿ\v GXXn-Ynbpw {_m“-W-Xp-ey-\m-Wv. IpSp-abpw ]qWqep-a√ {_m“-Wy-Øns‚ e£-Ww; {_“- ⁄ m- \ - a m- W v . Cuiz- c m- ` n- a p- J - a mbn

Cu kw`- h - Ø n- \ p- t ijw Fs‚ hkXn BcpsS t\scbpw Zp¿apJw ImWn-®n-´n-√. AsX-√m-h¿°p-ambn Xpd-°s - ∏-´p. B ]Xnhv C∂pw \ne-\n-∂p-h-cp-∂p. (I¿a-hn-]mIw)

* Fs‚ Cu tLmc-cq]w I≠n´p \n\-°p- hyY th≠. au-V-yhpw th≠. \n¿`-b\pw kw{]o-X\p-am-bn´v Fs‚ Cu kuay-cq-]sØ (IrjvWs‚ kzcq-]-sØ) Øs∂ \o I≠p-sIm-≈q.

$ ""A—s\ th≠-Xp-t]mse a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bm-sX-t]mb Hcp aI\pw aIs\ \∂mbn a\- n-em-°nb Hc-—\pw Cu A\p-`hIY-bv°I - Ø - p-≠v''˛ ]mT-`m-KØ - nse sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ N¿®sNøp-I. $ ""B Km\-am-[pcn hmSnb Xpf-kn-∏q-hns\ ]®-sh≈w Xfn®pW¿Øp-∂-t]mse Rßsf ]p\¿÷o-hn-∏n®p''. A—s‚ hm°p-Iƒ tI´ hn.Sn-bp-sSbpw kplr-Øp°-fp-sSbpw am\-knI`mh-ß-fmWv Cu hcn-I-fn¬ {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂Xv. i‡nbpw kuµ-cyhpw XpSn-®p-\n¬°p∂ CØcw hmIy-߃ Is≠Øn KZy-`m-j-bnse Imhym-fl-I-Xsb°pdn®v Ipdn∏p Xbm-dm-°p-I. 2 2 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

$ Np´p-s]m´n°pI, ]´s]mfn-bpI XpS-ßnb {]tbm-K-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw kµ¿`ßsf A¿Y-k-ºpjvSam-°p-∂-Xn\v F{X-tØmfw klm-b-I-amWv? IqSp-X¬ DZml-c-W-߃ Is≠Øn hni-I-e\w sNøp-I. $ ka-Xz-kp-µ-camb Hcp -tem-I-Øn\mbn hn.Sn `´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S∂ {]h¿Ø-\߃ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv? eLq]-\ymkw Xbm-dm-°pI. $ IpSpw-_-Øn-sebpw kaq-l-Øn-sebpw _-‘-ßsf P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-chpw kvt\l_≤-hp-am-°m-\mWv \thm-∞m\ {]ÿm-\-ß-sf√mw {ian-®-Xv. AXv hen-sbm-cf-hn¬ hnP-bn-°pIbpw sNbvXp. C∂v tIc-fobkaqlw Fhn-sS-bmWv FØn\n¬°p-∂Xv? \nßfpsS \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ Iq´p-Im-cp-ambn ]¶p-h-bv°p-I.

$

ae- b mfw 2 3

d^o°v Al-ΩZv

DΩp-°p-epkp

acn-®∂p cm{Xn-bn¬ DΩ X\n®p ]pd-Øp-\n-∂p. D‰-h-scm-s°bpw t]mbn-cp∂p ap‰tam iq\y-ambv Xo¿∂n-cp-∂p. hmS-I-bv°m-sb-Sp-Øp≈ Itk-c-Iƒ, Kymkv sse‰v, ]mb-Iƒ sIm≠p-t]m-bn. then-°¬ ]≠-hƒ \s´mcp Nº-I˛ t®mtSm-f-a-t∏m-fn-cp-´p- h-∂p,

NnΩn-\n-s°m-®p-hn-f-°ns‚ t\cnb IÆo¿shfn®w XpS®p \n∂p. DΩ-d-°¬∏-Sn-t®m-´n-e-h-f-gn˛ ®n´ sNcn-s∏m-∂p-cpΩn t\m°n ]p≈n-°p-dn™n \n w-K-bmbv ]n∂nse I√p-sh-´mw-Ip-gn-°p-≈n-te-dn. sXt°-∏p-d-Ø-b-t°m-en-e-h-fpsS CØn-cn-∏n™nb Ip™p-Sp-∏n¬ Np‰n-°-dßn \S-°p∂ Ims‰m∂p X´n-t\m-°n, ac-s°m-ºn-te-dn. DΩp-°p-epkp acn-®∂p cm{Xn-bn¬ DΩ ]pdØp X\n®p \n¬s° s]s´∂p h∂q s]cp-a-g, DΩtbm Nns°-∂-IØp Xnc-™p-sN∂p hns√m-Sn-s™∂p NnWp-ßn-Sm-dp-s≈mcm ]p≈n-°pS sNs∂-SpØp ]m™p ]≈n-∏-d-ºn¬ ]pXp-Xmbv Ipan-®n´ aÆ-´n-tase \nh¿Øn-sh-®p. DΩp-°p-epkp acn-®∂p cm{Xn-sXm˛ ´nt∂m-fam ag tXm¿∂p-an-√.

$ DΩp-°p-ep-kphns‚ th¿]m-Sn¬ DΩbv°pw {]Ir-Xn-°p-ap-≠mb Xocm-timIw IhnX-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\? ZpxJ]q-cn-X-amb A¥-co-£hpw am\kn-Im-h-ÿbpw {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°m≥ Ahbv°v Ign-bp-∂pt≠m? N¿®sNøp-I. $ ""DΩp-°p-epkp acn-®∂p cm{Xn-sXm˛ ´nt∂m-fam ag- tXm¿∂p-an√' F∂ hcn-Iƒ \¬Ip∂ A¿Y-hym]vXn Is≠Øn hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I.' $ ÿe-Im-em-Xo-X-amb am-XrZpxJamWv sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS "amº-g-'Øn\pw d^o°v Al-Ω-Zns‚ "tXmcm-a-g'bv°pw Akp-e-`-amb `mh-`wKn \¬Ip-∂-Xv˛ Ihn-X-Iƒ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I. $ 2 4 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

C. lcn-Ip-am¿

Ahƒ Iptd t\c-ambn Ah-cpsS ]n∂mse \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ft∏m-gmWv IqsS IqSnb-sX-∂-dn-bn-√. Hcp kmcn-°-S-bn¬\n∂v ]pdØn- d - ß n- b - t ∏mƒ Ahƒ ASp- Ø p- h - ∂ psIm≠v ]d-™p: "\√ k©n'. Hcp s]¨Ip- ´ n. Btdm Gtgm hb-   p -Im-Wpw. \c® t{^m°v, FÆ-a-b-an-√mØ Xe-apSn apI-fn¬ Hcp Nc-Sp-sIm≠v sI´n-h®n-cn-°p-∂p. Fb¿I≠o-j-≥ sNbvX IS-bn¬ \n∂v ]pdØn-d-ßn-b-t∏mƒ NpSp-Im‰v apJ-tØ-bv°-Sn®p. Ahƒ ]d-™Xv icn-bm-Wv. k©n \√ `wKn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Nph∏p\nd-Øn¬ kmcn°-S-bpsS t]cv hep-Xmbn Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. adp-`m-KØv kpµ-cn-bmb Hcp kv{XobpsS Nn{X-hpw. ""Rm\n-hsf sImtd t\c-mbn {i≤n-°p∂p.'' caWn ]d-™p. ""\Ωfv Imdo∂v s]md-sØ-dßy-s∏m-sXm´v Cu s]Æv ]n∂m-se≠m-bncp∂p.'' Abmƒ {i≤n-®n-cp-∂n√. Im¿ tPmkv PMvvj-\-SpØv ]m¿°vsNbvXv Ah¿ \S-°p-I-bmbn-cp-∂p. BZyw ca-Wn°v Hcp hf hmßm\mbn B`-c-W-°-S-bn¬ Ib-dn. icn°pw ]d™m¬ aq∂v B`-c-W-°-S-bn¬ Ib-dnb tij-amWv Ahƒ°v CjvS-s∏´ hf In´n-bXv. AXp-I-gn™v aq∂v kmcn-°-S-bn¬ Ib-dn°-gn-™p. CXv \mem-asØ IS-bm-Wv. I≠t∏mƒ CjvS-s∏´ Hcp kmcn-sb-SpØp F∂√msX t\m°n-s°m-≠n-cp∂ kmcn Ct∏mgpw In´n-bn-´n-√. \me-cbv°p XpS-ßnb \S-Øam-Wv. At∏mƒ apX¬ B Ip´n Xßsf ]n≥Xp-S-cp-I-bm-bncps∂t∂m?

IuX-pI-ap≈ apJØv Ahn-S-hnsS sNfnbp≠v. ssIbn¬ c≠p Ip∏n-h-f-Iƒ. IgpØv \·-am-Wv. sNcn-∏n-√mØ Imen¬ s]mSn ]nSn®n-cn-°p-∂p. Abmƒ Ioi-bn¬ X∏n Hcp cq]-sb-SpØv Ahƒ°v t\sc \o´n. Ahƒ Xe-bm-´n-s°m≠v ]d-™p: "Duw Dw'. "tht≠?' "Duw Dw.' Abmƒ \mWbw Xncn®v t]m°- ‰ n- e n- ´ p. Ah¿ ASpØ IS-bn-te°p \S-∂p. Dt±-in® \nd-ap≈ kmcn In´msX \o\-bpsS IeymW-Øn\v t]mIp∂ {]iv\-ta-bn-s√∂v caWn ]d-™n-cp-∂p. "\ns‚ kz¥w A\p-P-ØnbpsS aI-fmWv \o\.' Abmƒ ]dbp-∂p. AXp-sIm-s≠m∂pw Imcy-an-√. Hcp hminbpsS IY-bm-Wv. Fhn-sSbpw In´mØ B \ndw X\n°pw In´ptam F∂p t\m°-s´. ASpØ kmcn-°S Ipd-®-I-se-bmW.v Xncn®p-t]mbn Imsd-Sp-Ømtem F∂m-tem-Nn-®p. Imsd-Sp-°m≥ Ipd®p ]n∂n-te-°p \S-°W - w. AXp Ign™v ap°m¬ Intem-ao-‰¿ HmSn-®tijw AhnsS ]m¿°v sNøm≥ ÿew In´ptam Fs∂m∂pw Adn-bn-√. \S-°m≥ Xs∂ Xo¿®-bm-°n. \S-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ GsX-¶nepw IS I≠m¬ Ibdn t\m°p-Ibpw sNømw. henb IS-I-fn¬ am{X-a-√t√m \√ kmcn In´pI. kmcn-°S- b - n¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øn-dß - n-bt- ∏m-gmWv I≠-Xv, B s]¨Ip´n. Ahƒ \S-∏m-X-bn¬ ImØp-\n¬°p-∂p. Ahsc I≠-t∏mƒ AhfpsS apJw hnS¿∂p. Ahƒ tNmZn-®p: "thsd kmcn hmßote?' ae- b mfw 2 5

ca-Wn-bpsS ssIbn¬ t\ctØ I≠ k©n am{Xta D≈q F∂v Ahƒ {i≤n®p. Abmƒ shdpsX Nncn-®p. Ahƒ ho≠pw Ah-cpsS ]n∂mse \S-∂-t∏mƒ Abmƒ°v Hcp h√m- b v a - b p- ≠ m- b n. F¥n- \ mWv Hcp sXcphpsX≠n s]¨Ip´n Ah- c psS ]n∂mse IqSn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv? ]t£, caWnsb AsXm∂pw kv]¿in-°p-∂n-√. Ahƒ Ipd®p hnj- a - Ø n¬ Bbn- c n- ° - b m- W v . ""ChnsS B \ndw In´n-bn-s√-¶n¬ \ap°v Xriqcpw IqSn H∂v At\z-jn-°mw. AhnsS In´n-bn-s√-¶n¬ tImb-ºØ - q-cn¬, As√-¶n¬ sNss∂-bn¬Øs∂ t]mtI-≠n-h-cpw. HcmgvNsb D≈q Ieym-W-Øn-\v. AXn-\n-Sbv°v ªu v Xp∂n-°-Ww. tPmk-^ns‚ ASpØv sImSp-Øm¬ ka-b-Øn\v In´n-√. Abm-fpsS Ãn®nMv \√-Xm-Wv. ]t£, \msf-Øcmw \msf-Øcmw F∂p ]d™v C´p Ifn-∏n-°pw.'' Abmƒ Xncn™pt\m°n. B s]¨Ip´n Xs∂ t\m°n Nncn-°p-∂p. ssZhta, F¥mW-h-fpsS Dt±iyw? ""t\m°q, Cu IS-bn-sem∂v tIdn-t\m-°mw. Ign- ™ - s Im√w HmW- Ø n\v Fs‚ kvssIªq kmcn-sb-Sp-ØXv Cu ItS∂m.''

Ah¿ IS-bn-te°v Xncn-™p. hmXn¬ IS°p-∂X - n-\p-ap≥]v Abmƒ Xncn™p t\m°n. B s]¨Ip´n \S- ∏ m- X - b n¬ Ccp- º gn sIm≠p-≠m-°nb {Kn√n-t∑¬ ]nSn®v Nncn®p-sIm≠v Ahsc t\m°n \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. F¥m-W-h-fpsS a\- n¬? IS-bn¬ \nd-ßfpsS XpSn-∏n¬ Abmƒ Ahsf ad-∂p. ]´pkm-cn-I-fpsS ]f-]-f-∏v, AsX-SpØv Hcp No\he Fdn-bp-∂-t]mse \ΩpsS ap≥]n-te-°nSp∂ kpµ-cn-If - mb sNdp-∏° - m-cn-If - psS {]kcn-∏v, F√mw Abmƒ°n-jvS-am-bn-cp-∂p. AhcpsS hn¬]-\-X-{¥-ßfpw t\m°n-\n¬°pI ck-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. ""t\m°q, Cu kmcn tN®n°v F¥p am®m-Wv, As√So _ot\...'' s]s´∂v Abmƒ°v ]pdØv \S-∏m-X-bpsS {Kn√n¬ t\m°n \n¬°p∂ s]¨Ip-´nsb Hm¿a-h-∂p. Abmƒ Fgp-t∂-‰p. ""\o t\m°n-sb-Sp°v.'' Abmƒ ]d-™p. ""Rms\m∂v ]pd-Øn-dßn \n¬°s´.'' IS-bn¬ NqSm-bn-cp-∂p. DSp-Øn-cp∂ kmcnbpsS A‰-sa-SpØv hoin-s°m≠v caWn ]d™p: ""icn, Fs¥mcp NqSv.'' Abmƒ ]pd-Øn-d-ßn. Abmsf I≠-tXmsS B s]¨Ip´n A\- ß n. Ahƒ C\nbpw ]pd-tØ°v hcm- \ n- c n- ° p∂ ca- W nsb At\z-jn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ Ah-fpsS ASpØp sN∂p. Ahƒ Aev]w e÷tbmsS Abmsf t\m°n. "F¥m \ns‚ t]cv?' "dmWn.' IS-bpsS hmXn¬°te°pw Abm- f psS apJtØ°pw amdnamdn t\m°ns°m≠v Ahƒ ]d-™p: ""\ns‚ hoSv Fhn-SymWv?''

2 6 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

""F\n°v hoSn√ym.'' Ahƒ Nncn-®p-sIm≠v ]d-™p. Abmƒ h√m-Xm-bn. sX≠n-\-S°p∂ Hcp Ip´n-tbm-SmWv Ah-fpsS hoSns\-∏‰n tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv. hoSv F∂ k¶ev]Øn¬ sI´n-bn-S-s∏-´-Xn¬ Abmƒ°v hnja-ap-≠m-bn. Hcp]t£, Ahƒ Hcn-°epw Hcp ho´n¬ Xma-kn-®n-´p-≠m-hn-√. sXcp-hm-bn-cn°Ww Ah-fpsS hoSv. Ah-fpsS A—≥, AΩ? ""\ns‚ A—\pw AΩbpw Fhn-SymWv?''

Nmbv]n¬ Npcp-≠p-IqSn Dd-ßp-∂p. Ahƒ°v `£Ww FhnsS \n∂p In´p∂p? ""\o F¥n-\mWv RßsS ]n∂mse \S-°WXv? shi-°Wvt≠m?'' ""Duw D.'' ""]ns∂?'' Ahƒ H∂pw ]d-™n-√. a\- nse apdn-hn¬ \n∂v c‡w Nn¥p- I - b m- W v . F¥n- \ mWv Cßs\ Hcp Ip´nsb Xs‚ apºn¬ FØn®Xv?

""A—≥ C√y.'' "AΩ?'

IS-bpsS hmXn¬ Xpd∂v caWn Abmsf hnfn-®p.

"sacn-®p, c≠okw apsº.' a\- n¬ Fhn-sStbm Hs° apdn-hp-I-fp-≠mhp-I-bm-Wv. A—≥ C√ F∂m-W-hƒ ]d™-Xv. Hcp]t£, Ahƒ A—s\ I≠n-´p≠m-hn-√. As√-¶n¬ A—-\m-cm-sW∂v AhfpsS AΩ-bv°p-t]mepw Adn-hp-≠m-hn-√. AΩ acn-®p. c≠p Znhkw apsº.

""t\m°q, F\n°v AtX Ifdv kmcn In´n, sIt´m.'' ca-Wn-bpsS apJØp kt¥mjw. Abmƒ AI-tØ°p t]mbn. c≠m-bn-cØn FÆqdp cq]. kmc-an-√. FhnsSbpw In´mØ \nd-am-Wv.

""As∏m s\s‚ tN´\pw tN®ow Ct√?''

""Rm≥ ]d-™n-t√, Cß-\sØ jm∏n-emWv F∏gpw \ap-°m-h-iy-ap≈ Ifdv In´zm.'' caWn°v kt¥m-j-am-bn, ""C\n \ap°v Xncn®p t]mhmw.''

""C√y''

Ah¿ ]pd-Øp IS-∂p.

""thsd Bcpw Ct√?'' ""Duw Dw.''

""Cu s]Æn\v thsd ]Wn-sbm∂pw Ct√. C∏gpw \Ωsf ImØp \n¬°zmtWm?''

""As∏m \o Ign™ c≠p Znhkw FhnSymWv Hd-ßoXv?''

""AhfvsS AΩ c≠p-Zn-hkw ap≥]v acn-®p. Ct∏m Ahƒ°v Bcqw-√ym.''

""Hcp ItSsS apºn-ev.'' F¥m C{X tNmZn°m-\p-≈Xv F∂ a´n¬ Ahƒ ]d™p. ""Rm≥ AtΩsS H∏w AhnSym sIS-°m-dv.''

""Atøm ]mhw.''

""H‰bv°p t]Sn-bm-hnt√?''

""\ap-s°-s¥-¶nepw XWp-ØXv IpSn-°mw.'' caWn ]d-™p.

""AΩ Fhn-Sp-∂mWv acn-®Xv?'' ""Bip-]-{Xo∂v''

Ahƒ H∂pw ]d-™n-√. Ft¥m Hm¿Øv Ah- f psS IÆp- I - f n¬ `oXn \nd- b p- ∂ Xv Abmƒ I≠p. AXp tNmZn-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂ns√∂v Abmƒ°p tXm∂n. cm{Xn-sb-∏‰n Hm¿°mXncn-°m≥ {ian-°-bmhpw Ahƒ. Bcp-an-√mØ Bdp hb- mb Hcp Ip´n, cm{Xn H‰bv ° v GsX- ¶ nepw IS- b psS

dmWn Nncn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ \S-∂t∏mƒ Ahfpw ]n∂mse \S-∂p.

sXm´-Sp-Øp-Xs∂ Hcp sFkv{Iow ]m¿e-dp≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ""\ap°v ChnsS Ib-dmw.'' Ah¿ ]m¿e-dn-te°p Xncn-™p. s]s´∂v B Ip´nsb Hm¿Ø- t ∏mƒ Abmƒ ae- b mfw 2 7

Xncn™p t\m°n. Ahƒ Ah- s cbpw t\m°n \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. Abmƒ tNmZn®p: ""\o hcpt∂m? sFkv{Iow Xn∂mw.'' Ahƒ \c®p apjn™ kz¥w DSp-∏n-te°p t\m°n; apºn-ep≈ IdpØ Nn√p-hm-Xn-ense kz¿W-\n-d-Øn-ep-f-f Nn{X-∏-Wn-I-fn-te°pw. ]ns∂ ths≠∂p Xe-bm-´n. Xm≥ \n¬t°≠-Xv Fhn-sS-bm-sW-∂-dn-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se. "AXn-s\-sbm∂pw hnfn-°≠'. caWn ]d™p. "\Ω-tfw-IqSn tI‰n-√. \ap°v hcptºm Fs¥-¶nepw hmßn-s°m-Sp-°mw.' Dt±-in® \nd-Øn-ep≈ kmcn In´nbt∏mƒ caWn Ipd®v DZm-c-a-\-kvI-bm-bn-cn°p-∂p. Abmƒ ca- W n- b psS ]n∂mse ]m¿e- d nte°p Ib- d n. Ahƒ°p th≠n Fs¥¶nepw hmßq-sh∂v dmWn-tbmSv ]d-bm-ambn-cp-∂p. C\n Ahƒ ImØp\n¬°msX t]mbmtem? tImIv s S- b n¬ {^q´v P qkv sFkv { Iow C´v IpSn- ° p- ∂ - X n- \ n- S - b n¬ Abmƒ Fgp-t∂‰p Nn√p-`n-Øn-bn-eqsS ]pdtØ°p t\m°n. Ahƒ Ahn-sS-Øs∂ \n¬°pIbm-Wv. Ahƒ Xe Xncn-°p-tºmƒ Xe-bn¬ sI´nb apSn BSn. acn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv AΩ sI´n-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. B Ip´n°v Aß-s\-sbmcp sI´p sI´m≥ F¥mbmepw km[y-a-√. Ah-km-\sØ Xh-WbmWv aI-fpsS apSn sI´p-∂-sX∂v B AΩ Adn™n´p-≠m-hptam? a\- nse apdn-hp-Iƒ ho≠pw Xpd-°p-I-bm-Wv. F¥n-\mWv Cu Ip´n ]n∂mse \S-°p-∂Xv?

sFkv{Iow Xocm-dm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. sXcp-hn¬ shfn®w Ipd-™p-h-∂p. \nc-Øns‚ \Sp-hnep≈ tkmUnbw th∏¿ emºp-Iƒ aSn-®psIm≠v IÆp Xpd-∂p. Ccp-h-i-Øp-ap≈ ISI-fn¬ hnf-°p-Iƒ sXfn-™p. Ae-¶-cn® Nn√p tjmt°-kp-Iƒ i‡n-bp≈ hnf-°pI-fm¬ {]Im-in-®p. cm{Xn hcn-Ib - m-Wv. cm{Xn, \nc-h[n Ae-¶m-c-hn-f-°p-I-fpsS h¿W-∏-Int´msS Fgp-∂≈n hcp-tºmƒ ChnsS Hcp Bdp hb- p-Im-cn, GI-bmbn AXns\ t\cnSm≥ t]mIp-I-bm-Wv. Hcp cm{XnIqSn, Ccp≠ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Bi-bpsS aßnb hnf-°p-Iƒ am{X-ap≈ Hcp cm{Xn-Iq-Sn. Abmƒ Imdns‚ hmXn¬ Xpd∂v Ibdn. adph-iØv caWn°v Ib-dm≥ Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-Øp. Xpd- ∂ n´ hmXn- e n- ∂ - c nsI dmWn \n∂p. Abmƒ ]d-™p: ""tamfn\n s]mbvt°m.'' Ahƒ tNmZn®p: ""Ft∂w sIm≠p-t]mt∆m?'' ""Ftßm´v?'' ""\nßsS ho´nte°v?'' ""RßsS ho´n-tet°m?'' Ahƒ Xe- b m- ´ n. Abmƒ `mcy- b psS apJØp t\m°n. ""t\m°q. Ahsf Fs¥-¶nepw sImSpØv ]d-™-b-bv°q. ]ns∂ i√ym-hpw.'' caWn ]d-™p. ""Ahƒ°m-cpw-√ym.'' Abmƒ ]d™p.

tIm¨ sFkv{Iow In´n-b-t∏mƒ Ahƒ°v kt¥m-j-am-bn. s]mXn™ Kn¬´v- IS-emkv s]mfn®v sFkv{Iow Xn∂p-sIm≠v Ahƒ Ah- c psS ]n∂mse \S- ∂ p. Abmƒ ]d™p:

""AXn\v \Ω-sf¥m sNøym?''

""tamƒ C\n s]mbvt°m, F¥n-\mWv RßfpsS ]n∂mse hc-WXv?''

Ahƒ amdn\n∂p. Abmƒ hmXn-e-S®v Im¿ Ãm¿´m-°n. Ah-fpsS apJw hmSn-bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ ]gvkv Xpd∂v Hcp ]Øp cq] t\ms´SpØv Ahƒ°p- t \sc \o´n. Ahƒ ths≠∂v Xe- b m- ´ n. Imsd- S p- ° m≥

Ahƒ H∂pw ]d-bmsX Nncn-°pI am{Xw sNbvXp. Ipd-®p Ign™v Xncn-™p -t\m-°nb- t ∏mƒ Ahƒ ]n∂n¬Øs∂- b p- ≠ v . 2 8 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

Abmƒ dmWnsb t\m°n. Ahƒ {]Xo-£tbmsS \n¬°p-I-bmWv. Abmƒ ]d™p: ""AsXm∂pw ]‰n√ tamsf, tamfv amdn\n¬°v.''

kuIcys∏-Sp-amdv Ipd-®p-IqSn amdn \n∂psIm≠v Ahƒ Abmsf t\m°n. Abmƒ Nncn-°m≥ {ian-®p. Imtdm-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cns° Abmƒ ]d™p: ""\ap-°-hsf H∏w Iq´m-am-bn-cp∂p.'' ""C\n AXpw-IqSntb th≠q, _m°n-sbm-s°bm-bn-.'' Ahƒ Ipd®p Im¿°-iy-tØmsS ]d™p. _m°n-sbms° F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv Fs¥ms°- b m- s W- ∂ - b mƒ°p a\-   n- e m- b n- √ . Abmƒ Cu Adp-]-Xmw-h-b- nepw amkw ]¥o- c m- b ncw cq]- b p- ≠ m- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v. t_mws_-bn-ep≈ aIs‚ iºfw F{XbmsW∂v Abmƒ°-dn-bn-√. Adp-]-Xn-\m-bn-cØn\pw Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn\pw CS-bn¬ BsW-∂-bmƒ Duln-®n-cp-∂p. Hcp sIm®pIp-´n-bpsS sNehv F¥p hcpw? ho´n¬ Xmakn-∏n-°m≥ ]‰n-s√-¶n¬ Ahsf GsX-¶nepw A\m- Y m- e - b - Ø n¬ tN¿°m- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. sNehp sImSp-Øm¬ aXn-bt- √m. Xm≥ H∂pw sNbvXn-√. sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-sa∂ {]Xo-£-bp≠m- b n- c p∂p B ]mh- Ø n- \ v . Hcp]t£, Ign™ c≠p Znh-k-ambn Ahƒ Hmtcm-cpØ-cpsS ]n∂mse \S-∂n-´p-≠m-hpw, H∏w sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-sa∂ {]Xo-£-bn¬. Bcpw sIm≠pt]mIm- X n- c p- ∂ - t ∏mƒ cm{Xn- b n¬ {]m¿Yn- ® n- ´ p- ≠ m- h pw. \msf Bsc- ¶ nepw sIm≠p-t]m-tW. ho≠pw H‰bv°v Hcp cm{Xn. C∂v Xm\pw Ah-fpsS {]Xo-£-Isf X´nam‰n. Ct∏mƒ Ccp-´n¬ ]cp-°≥ sXcp-hns‚ {Iqc-X-bn¬ Ahƒ ho≠pw H‰-s∏-´n-cn-°pIbm-Wv.

sKbv ‰ n\p apºn¬ Im¿ \n¿Øn. caWn Cdßn sKbv‰v Xpd-∂p. Im¿ AIØp IS-∂tijw Ahƒ sKbv‰-S®p Ip‰n-bn-´p. Ahƒ ssIk-©n-bn¬ \n∂v Xmt°m¬ FSpØv hmXn¬ Xpd-°p-∂Xv Abmƒ Imdn¬ Ccp∂psIm≠v t\m°n. Abmƒ°v Cd- ß m≥ tXm∂n-bn-√. Abmƒ Btem-Nn-°p-I-bm-bncp-∂p. Ip´n-°m-e-Øv, \mentem A©ntem ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ, Hcp Znhkw kvIqfn¬ \n∂p hcp-tºmƒ Hcp ]q®-°p´n ]n∂mse IqSn. sh≈bn¬ Idp-∏p-]m-≠p-I-fp≈ IuXp-Iap≈ Hcp ]q®-°p-´n. H∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ a‰p Ip´n-Iƒ hnfn-s®-¶nepw AXv Xs‚ ]n∂n¬ \n∂v Hgn-™n-√. ]t£, ho´n¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ ]q®sb hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v B¿°pw tbmPn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xs‚ {]Xn-tj[w hI-h-bv°msX Ah¿ AXns\ Fhn-sStbm sIm≠p-t]mbn hn´p. ]ns∂ Ah≥ AXns\ ImWp-∂Xv GtXm hml-\Ø - n-∂S- n-bn¬s∏´v NX™ a´n-em-Wv. Abmƒ°v ho´n-∂p-≈n¬ Ib-dm≥ tXm∂nbn-√. Abmƒ Imdn¬ \n∂n-d-ßn sKbv‰v Xpd∂p. caWn ]pd-tØ°p h∂p. "Ft¥?' "Rm≥ Ipd®p s]t{Sm-f-Sn-®n´p hcmw.' Abmƒ Im¿ ]pd-tØ-s°-Sp-Øp.

Abmƒ Ah-fpsS AΩsb Hm¿Øp. Bip]- { Xn- b n¬ h®v acn®p F∂mWv dmWn ]d™Xv. F¥m-bn-cn°pw Akp-Jw? C\n h√ A]-I-S-hp-amtWm? acn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-apºv aIsf Bscbpw G¬]n-°m≥ Ign-™n-´p≠m- h n- √ . As√- ¶ n¬ Bsc G¬]n- ° m\mWv? AΩ C\n D≠m-hn-s√∂ bmYm¿Yyw a\- n-em-b-t∏mƒ Ahƒ H‰bv°v Bip-]{Xn-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-b-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. ae- b mfw 2 9

t\ctØ ]m¿°v sNbvX ÿeØv Imdp-Isfm∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Imdn-\p-≈n¬ Ccp∂psIm≠v Abmƒ Np‰pw t\m°n. \Kcw t\ctØ Dd-ßp-∂p. \S-∏mX Hcp-am-Xncn Hgn™pInS-°p-I-bm-Wv. \c® t{^m°pw D®n-bn¬ Nc-Sp-sIm≠v sI´n-h® Xe-ap-Snbpw sNfn ]nSn- ® - s X- ¶ nepw ssNX- \ y- a p≈ apJØv Xnf-ßp∂ IÆp-I-fp-ap≈ Hcp Ip´n°p-th≠n Abmƒ Np‰pw t\m°n. Ipd-®Ise j´¿ XmgvØnb Hcp IS-bpsS HXp°p-I-√n¬ Ahƒ Npcp≠p InS-°p-∂p. Dd°-am-Wv. Abmƒ ]pd-tØ°v Cd-ßm-\mbn hmXn¬ Xpd-∂p. At∏m-gm-W-bmƒ I≠-Xv, Hc-—\pw AΩbpw aI\pw IqSn \S-∂p-h-cp∂p. ]mh-s∏-´-h¿, Iqen-the sNbvXp Pohn°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww. sXm´p-apºv Ah¿, I®-hSw aXn-bm°n t]mIm-\mbn Hcp-ßp∂ Hcp hgn-hm-Wn-`-°m-cs‚ ssIbn¬ \n∂v aI-\p≈ Hcp j¿´v ]niIn hmßp-∂Xv

Abmƒ I≠n-cp-∂p. AΩ-bpsS ssI]n-Sn®p \S-°p∂ aI\v Gsg´p hb- m-bn-´p-≠m-hpw. Ah¿ dmWn InS-°p-∂n-S-sØ-Øn-b-t∏mƒ s]s´∂p \n∂p. c≠p-t]-cpw-IqSn ASpØp sN∂v Ahsf t\m°n Ft¥m kwkm-cn°p-Ib - m-Wv. ]pcp-j≥ Ahƒ InS-°p-∂n-SØv ap´p-IpØn Ccp∂v Ahsf hnfn-®p-W¿Øn. Ahƒ Dd-°-®-S-thmsS Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp∂v AhcpsS tNmZy-߃°v adp-]Sn ]d™p. ]ns∂ Fgp-t∂‰v Abm-fpsS ssI]n-Sn®v H∏w \S∂p-t]m-bn. sXcp-hns‚ Hc-‰-sØØn-b-t∏mƒ Abmƒ Ahsf FSpØp \S- ° pIbmbncp∂p. Ahƒ Ah-fpsS sIm®pssI Abm-fpsS Igp-Øn-eqsS C´n-cp-∂p. Abmƒ Imdns‚ hmXn-e-S-®p. Iptd t\cw Ãnb-dnMv hoen-t∑¬ ssIh®v A\-ßm-\mhmsX Ccp-∂p. Abmƒ°v Fs¥m-s°tbm \jvS-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. (A\n-X-bpsS hoSv)

$ A\m-Y-bmb s]¨Ip-´nsb Hgn-hm°n ho´n-se-Ønb IYm-\m-b-I≥ Ip´n-°m-eØv sXcp-hn¬\n∂v ho´n-te°v FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-h∂ ]q®-°p-´nsb°pdn®v Hm¿Øpt]m-Ip-∂p. IYm-\m-b-Is‚ Cu Hm¿abv°v IY-bn¬ F¥p {]k-‡n-bm-Wp-≈Xv? ]cn-tim-[n-°pI. $ ˛

hgn-hm-Wn-`-°m-c-\n¬ \n∂p aI-\p≈ j¿´v ]ni-In-hm-ßp∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ.

˛

]´p-km-cn-I-fpsS ]f-]-f-∏n-eqsS CjvSs∏´ \nd-ap≈ kmcn tXSn-t∏m-Ip∂ ca-Wn.

˛

\c® t{^m°v [cn®v A`-b-Øn\v bmNn-°p∂ dmWn.

CØcØnep≈ hncp≤ PohnXmh-ÿ-I-fpsS Nn{X-ß-fmWv Cu IYbpsS `mh-XesØ i‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. IY hni-I-e\w sNbvXv kzm`n-{]mbw ÿm]n-°p-I. $ IY-bpsS io¿jIw IYm-\m-b-Is‚ \jvS-ß-fn-te-°mWv hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂-Xv. Fs¥m-s°-bmhmw Abmƒ°v \jvS-s∏-´-Xv? IY hni-I-e\w sNbvXv IYm]m{X\ncq-]Ww Xbm-dm-°p-I. $ kz¥w Zu¿_-ey-ßsf A\y-cn¬ Btcm-]n®v IYm-\m-b-I\v c£-s∏-Sm-\m-hptam? {]iv\-ß-fn¬ CS-s]-Sm-sX, sNtø-≠Xp sNømsX Hgn-™p-am-dp∂ Pohn-X-k-ao]- \ w kaq- l - Ø n¬ hym]- I - a m- h p- ∂ pt≠m? ka- I m- e nIkw`- h - ß ƒ hni- I e\wsNbvXv {]`m-jWw Xbm-dm-°p-I.

$ 3 0 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

s_\ym-an≥

Rm\pw Hcp A¿_m_pw Iptd BSp-Ifpw am{X-ap≈ Hcp A\y{K-l-Øn-emWv Fs‚ Xmakw F∂ Fs‚ hmNIsØ h√-t∏m-gp-sa-¶nepw apdn-®p-I-f-bp-∂Xv BgvN-bn¬ c≠p-{]m-hiyw hcp∂ sh≈wh≠nbpw BgvN-bn¬ Hcn°¬ hcp∂ t]m®-°®n s{Sbn-edpw amk-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ hcp∂ tKmX-ºp-tem-dn-bp-am-Wv. Rm≥ hkn-°p∂ temIØns\ {]]-©-Øns‚ CX-c-`m-K-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°m\p≈ GI-h-gn-bmWv Cu h≠n-Iƒ. AXn¬ hcp-∂Xv apgph≥ ]mIn-kvXm\n ]´m-Wn-I-fm-Wv. Ah-cp-ambn _‘w ÿm]n-®m¬ F\n°p ]pdwtemI-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Smw. Rm≥ ChnsS Hcn-SØp Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂p Fs∂-¶nepw Ahsc Adn-bn-°mw. Ah¿ hgn-bmWv F\n°v Fs∂¶nepw Hcn-°¬ c£-s∏-Sm-\p≈ am¿K-hpw. Aßs\ Fs¥¶nepw Hcp km[yX Fs∂-¶nepw Hcp Znhkw hoWp-In´pw F∂ {]Xo£ Fs‚ D≈n-se-hn-sStbm ab-ßn-°n-S-∏p≠v. ]t£, Fs‚ F√m km[y-X-I-sfbpw Ah-km-\n-∏n®p- s Im≠v Ah¿ hcp∂ Znhkw A¿_m_v Fs∂ t\ctØ acp-`q-an-bn-te°p ]d-™p-hn-Spw. Ah¿ aS-ßn-t∏mbn-°g - nt™ BSp-If - p-ambn aS-ßm≥ ]mSp-≈q. Ah¿ h≠nbn¬ h∂p Sm¶n¬ sh≈w \nd-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw I®nbpw

ae- b mfw 3 1

t]m®bpw tKmXºpw Hs° A´n-bn-d-°p-∂Xn\pw klm-bn-°m≥ am{Xta F\n°p hn[nbp-≈q. F∂mepw B h≠n-Iƒ ak-d-tbm-SSp-°p-tºmƒ Fs‚ a\ v Fs¥-∂n-√mØ Hcp kt¥m- j w- s Im≠p ]nS- b pw. Fs‚ Btcm {]nb-s∏-´-h¿ Fs‚ ho´n¬ hncp∂n\p h∂-Xp-t]mse F\n-°-t∂cw Hcp kt¥m-j-am-Wv. Rm≥ BSp-I-tfmSp ]Xnhne-[nIw k√-]n-°p-Ibpw Ah-I-tfmSv D®Øn¬ h¿Ø-am\w ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøpw. ]t£, Fs∂ AI-e-Øm°n B h≠n-Iƒ s]mSn-]-dØn Zqtc°v HmSn ad-bp-tºmƒ F∂n¬\n∂v Hcp temIwXs∂ HmSn ad-bp∂-Xm-bn-´mWv F\n°p tXm∂p-I. At∂cw lrZbw hm¿s∂m-gp-In-t∏m-b-Xp-t]mse Hcp Xf¿® Fs∂ _m[n-°pw. bmZr-—n-I-ambn Hcp Znhkw Npa-Sn-d-°m≥ Bfn-√m-sX-bmWv Hcp s{Sbn-e¿ h∂-Xv. \nhr-Øn-bn-√msX A¿_m_v Fs∂ acp-`qan-bn¬ \n∂pw Xncn-®p-hn-fn-®p. AXns‚ ss{Uhdpw Hcp ]mIn-kvXm-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F{Xtbm Ime-Øn-\p-tijw aq∂m-aXv Hcp a\p-jys\ Rm≥ A{Xbpw ASp-Øp-Im-WpI-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Abm-fpsS hnb¿∏n\p-t]mepw Hcp aW-ap-s≠∂v F\n°p tXm∂n-t∏m-bn. Rm≥ Xma-kn-°p-∂Xv GXp-Xcw Zp¿K-‘Øn-\p-≈n-em-sW∂v t\¿Ø Hcp tXm∂¬ At∏mƒ am{Xw F\n-°p-≠m-bn. Hcp a\pjys\ I≠ kt¥m-j-Øn¬ Rm\bmsf H∂p sXmSp-I-t]mepw D≠m-bn. At∏mƒ Fs‚ D≈n-eqsS Bfl-\n¿hrXn-bpsS Hcp Ipfn¿tcJ IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂Xp Rm≥ hy‡-ambpw A\p-`-hn-®p. Npa-Sn-d° - p-∂X - n-\nsS F\n-°d - n-bm-hp∂ F√m `mjbnepw Fs‚-bp-≈nse F√m k¶-Shpw \nd®v Rm\-bm-tfmSv Fs∂ Cu \c-I-Øn¬ \n∂pw Fß-s\-sb¶nepw c£n-°Ww F∂p sI©n-∏-d™p. ]t£, Abm-fpsS apJØv BsI \nd-™p-\n-∂Xv I\Ø \n¿hn-Im-cX

3 2 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ Fs∂ H∂p Ku\n°p-I-IqSn sNbvXn-√. F\n-°-t∏mƒ D≠mb k¶-Sw! s{Sbn-e-dn-\-Sp-tØ°v A¿_m_v Fs∂ ssIbm-´n-hn-fn-®-t∏mƒ k¿h BSpI-sfbpw Dt]-£n®p Rm≥ HmSnb Hcp Hm´ap-≠v. Pohn-X-Øns‚ {]Xo-£-bn-te°pw shfn-®-Øn-te-°p-ap≈ {]Xymi \nd® Htcm´-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. CXm, B \nanjw h∂ncn- ° p- ∂ p F∂m- b n- c p∂p At∏m- g sØ hnNmcw. ]t£, Abm-fpsS Hscm‰ \n w-Kt\m´w sIm≠v B {]Xo-£-sb√mw F∂n¬ \n∂v A∏msS hm¿s∂m-gp-In-t∏m-bn. I®nbp-sSbpw t]m®-bp-sSbpw sI´p-Iƒ Xe-bn¬ Xmßn Cd- ° p- t ºmƒ Zbm- ] q¿hw Rm≥ Abmsf t\m°pw. Fs¥-¶nepw Hcp AwKhn- t £- ] - Ø n- e qsS Abm- f psS {i≤ BI¿jn-°m≥ {ian-°pw. hfsc bmZr-—n-Isa-t∂mWw Abm-fpsS Acn-In-eqsS \S∂v Fs∂ Chn-S∂p c£n-°Ww F∂p ]d-bpw. CS-bvs°mcp h´w bmZr-—n-I-sa-t∂mWw Hcp I®n- s °´v Xmsg- b n- S p- I bpw AsX- S p- ° ms\∂ a´n¬ Ip\n™v Abm-fpsS Imen¬ Rm≥ ]nSn- ° p- I bpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒt∏mepw Abm-sfs‚ IÆn¬ H∂p t\m°p-I-IqSn sNbvXn-√. IjvSw! Fs‚ s\©v XI¿∂p-t]mb hn[w... km[-\-an-d°n Ft∂m-sSm∂p ]p©n-cn-°p-I-

t]mepw sNømsX Abmƒ h≠n-tbm-Sn-®p t]mbn. F∂nse {]Xo£ A‘-Im-c-Ønte°p hoW-Sn-bp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\-t∏mƒ Abmsf i]n® hn[w! Ct∏m-sg-\n-°Xv Btem-Nn-°pIIqSn hø. temI-sØm-cmfpw Hc-]-cn-Nn-Xs\ C{X-b[nIw i]n-®p-Im-Wn-√, tZzjn®p ImWn-√. BSp-Isf XSp-Øp-Iq-´m≥ acp-`q-an-bn-te°p Xncn®p \S- ° p- t ºmƒ Fs‚ s\©n¬ B™v c≠nSn CSn-®mWv Rm≥ B tZjyw Iptd-sb-¶nepw Ie-°n-°-f-™-Xv. h¿j-ß-fmbn Fs‚ A¿_m-_ns\ ASpØ- d n- b m- h p∂ Abm- f psS At∏m- g sØ \n -lm-bm-hÿ F\n-°n-t∏mƒ Duln°m≥ Ign-bpw. Abmƒ Ft∂mSv kwkm-cn°m≥ apXn¿∂n- c p- s ∂- ¶ n¬ A¿_m_v F¥mWv Abm-tfmSp sNøpI F∂p ]dbm-\m-hn-√. ]ns∂ Hcn-°¬ tKmX-ºn-d°m≥ h∂ Hcp h≠n- ° m- c ≥ Ft∂msSt¥m kwkm- c n- ° m≥ {ian- ® Xpw A¿_m_v tXm°pambn NmSn h∂Xpw H∂n-®m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]m-se-Øs∂ Hcp sh≈w-h-≠n-°m-c≥ Ft∂mSp kwkm-cn-®Xn\v A¿_m_v Abmsf tXm°ns‚ ]mØn-sIm≠v ASn®p \ne-Øn-´Xpw F\nt°m¿a- b p- ≠ v . F\n°p aptº Fs∂t∏mse F{X "BSp-Iƒ' Cu ak-d-bn¬ s]´p-t]m-bn-´p-≠m-h-Ww. Hcp-]t£, Ah-

cn¬ Nne-sc-sb-¶nepw c£-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ {ian®-Xns‚ Xn‡-^ew ]mIn-kvXm-\n-bpsS a\ n¬ XnI-´p-∂p-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Hcp-]t£, Fs∂ Aßs\ \njvI-cpWw Dt]-£n-®Xns‚ thZ-\-bn¬ Abmƒ h≠n-bn-en-cp∂p s\©p-s]m´n Ic™p ImWn-s√∂v Bc-dn™p! As√-¶nepw Abmƒ Fs∂ Dt]£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂p hniz-kn-°m\mWv F\n-°n-jvSw. A∂p-Xs∂ Gsd sshIn-bX - n\p aptº Rm≥ Aßs\ Fs‚ a\- ns\ ]d™p ]Tn-∏n-®p. Rm≥ Fs‚ ]e thZ-\-I-sfbpw \o¥n-t∏m-∂Xv Aßs\-bm-Wv. Icp-Wm-a-b-\mb A√m-lp-th, \o F\n°p X∂ ITn\Znh-k-ß-fn-eqsS \S∂p-t]m-tI-≠Xv Fs‚ am{Xw hn[n-bm-bncp-∂p. AXns‚ t]cn¬ \nc-]-cm-[n-bmb Hcp a\p-jy-t\mSv tZzjn-°p-Ibpw a\- n¬ i]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\p \o Ft∂mSp s]mdp-t°-W-ta... BZyw F√m-Øn\pw ak-d-bn¬ Hcp apiSp hmS- b m- b n- c p- ∂ p; O¿±n°m≥ tXm∂p∂ Xcw hmS. BSp-I-fpsS aq{X-Øns‚ Nqcpw ImjvT-Øns‚ Nqcpw aq{Xw hoWp-\-\™ t]m®- b p- s Sbpw I®n- b p- s Sbpw hmSbpw

ae- b mfw 3 3

F√mw tN¿∂ Hcp AklyK‘w. AXn\v GI-tZiw kam-\-amb Hcp K‘w Rm≥ Fs∂-¶nepw A\p-`-hn-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXp k¿°kvIqSm-c-Øns‚ K‘-am-Wv. BSns‚ ]men-\p-t]mepw D≠m-bn-cp∂p B hmS. Jp∫q-kns‚ Hmtcm IjWw ]men¬ ap°p-tºmgpw Cu hmS-Iƒ F√mw Fs‚ aq°n-te°v ASn®pIb-dpw. BZysØ Znhk- ß - f n¬ Aßs\ F{X- h ´w Rm≥ O¿±n®pt]mbn-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]Xnsb ]Xnsb B hmS F∂n¬ \n∂v AI-∂pt]m-bn. As√-¶n¬ Aßs\ Hcp hmS-sb∏‰n ad-∂p-t]m-bn. ]ns∂ ]e-h´w B{K-ln®p-t\m-°n-bn´pw F\n-°Xv A\p-`-hn-°m≥ ]‰n-bn-t´-bn-√. Aßs\ Hcp hmS \ne-\n∂n-cp∂p F∂p hniz-kn-°m≥t]mepw Ignbm-\m-hm-Ø-hn[w AsX-∂n¬ ebn-®p-I-gn™n-cp-∂p. F∂p-am-{X-a√, BSpI-fpsS K‘ssh-Pm-Xy-߃ Xncn-®d - n-bm≥ Rm≥ {]m]vX\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXm-b-Xv, ap´-\m-SpIƒ°v Hcp {]tXyI aWw, sNΩ-cn-bm-SpIƒ°p thsdmcp aWw. sNΩ-cn-bm-Sp-Iƒ Xs∂ Hcp \qdp hn[-ap-≠v. AXn-s\√mw thsd-thsd aWw. K¿`n-Wn-bmb BSp-Iƒ°v Hcp aWw. {]k- h n- ° m- d mb BSp- I ƒ°v AXnepw hyXy-kvX-amb aWw. B aWw Adn™v BSp {]k-hn-°p∂ Znhkw IW°p-Iq-´m≥ t]mepw F\n°p Ign-bp-am-bn-cp∂p. C∂p {]k-hn-®p-hoW Ip´n°v Hcp aWw. apXn¿∂ Ip´n°p thsdmcp aWw. hmhp-Ime- a mb BSp- I ƒ°v Hcp aWw. CXn¬ \ns∂√mw hyXy-kvX-amWv H´-I-ß-fpsS aWw. H´-I-߃X-s∂ c≠p-hn-[-ap-≠v. Hcp]q- ™ - b p- ≈ Xpw Ccp- ] q- ™ - b p- ≈ - X pw. AXn\p c≠n\pw hyXykvX aW-ß-fmWv D≈-Xv. Hcp aWhpw C√msX Hcp Pohntb ak-d-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. AXp Rm≥ F∂ arK-am-Ip-∂p... Hcp Znhkw F\n°p s]s´-s∂mcp tamlap-Zn-®p. ssk\p-hn\v Hcp IsØ-gp-X-Ww. Fßs\ AXv Ah-fpsS ssIhiw FØpw 3 4 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

Fs∂m∂pw F\n-°-t∏mƒ Btem-N-\-bn-√. Fgp-XW - w. Fgp-XW - w. D® Jp∫q-kn\pw ]®sh-≈-Øn\pw tijw In´nb CØncn CSth- f - b n¬ Rm≥ I´n- e n- \ - S n- b n¬ \n∂pw Fs‚ _mKv hen-s®-Sp-Øp. AXn-\p-≈n¬ t_mws_- b n¬ \n∂p hmßnb Hcp se‰¿]mUpw t]\bpw D≠m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Rm\Xp ssIbn-se-Sp-Øp. HØncn IpØnh-c-®-ti-j-amWv t]\ CØncn sXfn-™-Xv. Rm≥ BZy-am-bn-´mWv Hcp IsØ-gp-Xp-∂Xv. Fßs\ Fgp-XWw Fs∂mcp ]nSnbpw C√mbn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw a\- nse hnNm-c-߃ kzcp-°q´n Rm≥ Fgp-Xn-Øp-S-ßn: Fs‚ F{Xbpw {]nb-s∏´ ssk\p, Rm\n-hnsS kpJ-ambn FØn-t®¿∂n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ tPmen-Øn-c-°p-Im-cWw F\n°v Hcp IsØ- g p- X m≥t]mepw ]‰n- b n- √ . \o AhnsS k¶-S-s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂v F\n°-dn-bmw. hnj-an-°-≠. \ns‚ C° ChnsS kpJ-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]mepw Iºn-fnbpw D≠m°p∂ Hcp henb Iº-\n-bn-emWv F\n°p tPmen. \√ tPmen-bm-Wv. \Ω-sfm∂pw sNø≠. F√mw anjy≥ sNbvtXm-fpw. F\n-°mWv Iº-\n-bpsS ta¬t\m-´w. Fs‚ A¿_m-_n\v Fs∂ henb CjvS-am-bn. Fs‚ tPmen CjvS-am-bn. F\n°v CS-bv°nsS \√ kΩm\߃ Xcm-dp-≠v. ChnsS hnim-e-amb Hcp ÿe-ØmWv Fs‚ apdnbpw Xma-k-hpw. Fs‚ I´n-en¬ Ccp-∂m¬ F\n°v ASpØ {]tZ-i-߃ apgp-h≥ ImWmw. A{X kpµ-camb ÿe-amWv. ]ns∂ Blm-cw. Rm\nXp-hsc Ign-®n-´n-√mØ Fs¥ms° Blmc-ßf - m-sWt∂m A¿_m_v F\n°p sIm≠pX-cp-∂-Xv. Ct∏m-Øs∂ Jp∫qkpw Nn°≥ Idnbpw a´≥ akm-ebpw Ign®v Hcp •mkv I´n-∏mepw IpSn-®-ti-j-amWv Cu IsØ-gpXm≥ Ccn-°p-∂-Xv. C{X Znh-kw-sIm-≠pXs∂ F\n°p h√msX XSn- h t®m Fs∂mcp kwi-bw. Ct∏m D®-bv°sØ hn{i- a - k - a - b - a m- W v . C\n Ipd- ® p- I - g n™v F\n°p tPmen-bn¬ {]th-in-®m¬ aXn.

AXp-hsc kpJ-ap≈ Imt‰‰v InS-∂p-d-ßmw. \ΩpsS \m´p-Im-cmb Ipd-®p-t]-scms° F\ns°m∏w Chn-sS-bp-≠v. dmhp-Ø¿, cmL-h≥, hnP-b≥, t]m°¿ F∂n-ßs\ Ipd-®p-t]¿. F\n-°-h-cp-ambn A[nIw kl-hm-khpw an≠m-´hpw H∂p-an-√. A¿_m-_n\v AXn-jvSa-√. A¿_m-_n\v lqdn-bmb Hcp aI-fp-≠v. sshIp-t∂-cØv Rm≥ Ah-tfm-sSm∏w \S°m≥ t]mIpw. Rm≥ Xs∂ sN√-W-sa∂v Ahƒ°p \√ \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. tacn-ssa-ap\ F∂mWv Ah-fpsS t]cv.

C{X-sbm-s°-bmWv Fs‚ hnti-j-߃. AhnsS \n\°pw DΩbv°pw kpJ-sa∂p hnNm-cn-°p-∂p. C\nbpw kabw In´p-tºmƒ Fgp-Xmw. F∂p \ns‚ kz¥w C° \Po-_v. Rm≥ t]∏¿ aS-°n. ]ns∂ IÆ-S-®n-cp∂p Iptd Ic-™p. B IØ-√, B Ic-®n-em-bncp∂p Fs‚ kXyw; Bcpw hmbn-°mØ kXyw. (BSp-Po-hn-Xw)

$ BSpkq£n-∏p-Imcs‚ Pohn-X-I-Ybv°v "BSp-Po-hnXw' F∂v io¿jIw \¬InbXv DNn-X-amtbm? N¿®sNøp-I. $ BSp-Po-hnXw Hcp {]hm-kn-bpsS bYm¿Y A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ \n∂v cq]wsIm≠ IrXn-bm-sW∂v t\mh-enÃv km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. ""bmYm¿Yy-߃ sI´p-I-YI-tf-°mƒ hnNn-{X-ß-fmWv'' F∂ \nco-£-W-hp-ambn tN¿Øp-h®v \Po-_ns‚ A\p-`-h-߃ hne-bn-cp-Øp-I. $ \Po_v Fgp-Xn-b- IØv hmbn-®t√m. ˛ IØv ta¬hn-em-k-°m-cn°v Hcn-°epw In´n-s√∂v Dd-∏mWv. ˛ A\p-`-h-߃ kXy-k-‘-am-b√ IØn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F¶n¬, \Po_v CØcw Hcp IØv Fgp-Xm-\p≈ t{]c-W-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmhmw? N¿®sNøp-I. $ Fs‚ s\©v XI¿∂p-t]m-b-hn-[w... Rm\-t∏mƒ Abmsf i]n® hn[w... CØcw A]q¿WhmIy-߃ IYm-k-µ¿`-Øns‚ `mh-]-c-amb ta∑bv°v klmb-I-am-hp-∂pt≠m? hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I.

$

ae- b mfw 3 5

sshtem-∏n≈n {io[-c-ta-t\m≥

P\n®

\mSphn,´-I-se-bm- m-an¬ ]Wn°p t]mbvhcpw ]cn-j-Iƒ R߃. IpXn®p Xoh≠n InX®p ]mbp-∂q, IpXp-Im¬ Nn¥-Iƒ IpXn-°p∂q aptº. ]e \mfmbv ]ncn-™n-cp∂ R߃°o ae-\m-sS-{X-ta¬ a[p-c-Z¿i\w! Xpcp-Xp-sc -sIm°p ]d°pw ]mS-߃, XpS-c-Wn-aWn Inepßpw taSp-Iƒ, apSn hnSp¿ØmSpw Ihp-ßp-sX-ßp-Iƒ˛ °nSbv°p ]p©ncn s]mgn°pw hoSp-Iƒ Icbv°p amºqhmw \nc-Øp-Iƒ, \m´n≥˛ ]pdsØ kz]v\w Is≠gpw \K-cn-Iƒ. DS-\p-S-t\m-Sn-b-Sp-°-t´, Np‰pw \S\w sNø-t´, ]gb Iq´p-Im¿! Hscm-‰-sØßp I≠n-S-Øn-sem-s°bpw kvacn®p Rß-fo-∏n-d∂ \mSn-s\; shfpØ hkv{X-sam-∂p-SpØp I≠n-S˛ Øen-shm-tSm¿ØnXo-b-a-e-\m-Sn-s\.

3 6 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

Adn-bpta Rß,-f-dn-bpao \mSp \c-I-am-°oSpw \c-Io-S-ß-sf. ]l-b-∑m-tcmSp ]Icw ho´t´ ]I-bn¬ \odp∂ hcp∂ Ime-߃. ChnsS R߃°o-∏-gb aÆn¬Øm˛ \n\nbpw PohnXw ]S¿Øp-In¬ t]mcpw. DZ-c-Øn≥ ]in sISp-Øm≥ t]mbv R߃; lrZ-b-Øn≥ hn-i-∏-S-°p-hm≥ t]m∂p. \nd-™n-cn-°nepw Zcn-{Zao cmPyw, \nd-∂n-cn-°nepw hnIr-X,-sa-¶nepw ChnsS kvt\ln-∏m,\nhn-sS-bm-in-∏m, \nhnsS ZpxJn-∏m≥ Ign-htX kpJw! (I∂n-s°m-bvØv)

$ ""\nd-™n-cn-°nepw Zcn-{Z-ao- cmPyw, \nd-∂n-cn-°nepw hnIr-X, sa¶nepw ChnsS kvt\ln-∏m,-\n-hn-sS-bm-in-∏m, \nhnsS ZpxJn-∏m≥ Ign-htX kpJw!'' Cu Imhy-`m-KØv GsXms° Xc-Øn-ep≈ sshcp-[y-ß-fmWv sXfn-bp-∂Xv? bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Ah sshcp-[yßfmtWm? N¿®sNbvXv \nK-a-\-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n°p-I. $ B mw-]-Wn-°m¿ F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS BZy-`m-KØph-cp∂ Cu hcn-Iƒ {i≤n°q: ""Adn-bpta Rß,-f-dnbpw \oXnbpw s\dnbpw sIs´m-co-∏n-d∂ \mSns\! AXn-Yn-Iƒs°-√m-aactemIao--˛ °nXhn R߃°p \c-I-tZ-ihpw.'' ]mT-`m-KØp \n∂p-X-s∂-bp≈ Cu `mK-ßfpw t\m°q. ""ae-\m-sS-{X-ta¬ a[p-c-Z¿i\w!'' ""Aen-shm-tSm¿Ø-nXo-b-ae\mSns\'' P∑-\m-Sn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ am‰w D≠m-b-sX-¥p-sIm≠v? N¿®sNøp-I. $ Cu bqWn-‰nse cN-\-I-sf "lrZb-Øn≥ hni∏v' F∂ s]mXp-io¿jIw sIm≠v \n¿h-Nn-°m≥ Ign-bptam? N¿®sNbvXv eLp{]_‘w Xbm-dm-°p-I.

$

ae- b mfw 3 7

A A´n-bn-d-°pI

˛

A[n-\n-thiw A\m-Zn-°S A\n-X-c-km-[m-cWw A\p-N-c-hrµw A\p-h¿Øn-°pI A¥w ad-™n-cn-°pI Aaew Ab-t°m¬ A¿_m_v (Ad-_n-hm-°v)

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

`mc-ap≈ hkvXp-°ƒ Db-c-Øn¬ \nc-bmbn h®Xv Xmsg Cd-°pI˛ A´n-adn IpSn-tb-‰w, tImf\nkwÿm-]\w ]e-N-c-°p-IS a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ ImWm-ØXv IqsS \S-°p-∂-hcpsS Iq´w A\p-I-cn-°p-I, I≠psNøpI A¥w hn´n-cn-°pI hnip≤w hkv{Xw DW-°m-\n-Sp∂ hSn c£n-Xm-hv, DS-a-ÿ≥

˛

Hcp Huj[kkyw

˛

Cu temIw

˛

{]k-h-k-a-bsØ c‡w

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

ASpØ \nanjw DZm-c-amb a\-t mSp IqSn-b-hƒ, Zbm-abn (kµ¿`-Øn¬) ]cn-{i-an-°pI DZ-b-Øns‚ KXn

Iam-¥c ItÆdv Im¿°iyw Ip°p-S-\mZw IpSpa

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

IpXp-Im¬ Ipan-®n-SpI tIh©n sImtfm-Wn-b¬ tImf-\n-hmgvN IrXm¿YX

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

hnZym-`ym-k-ÿm-]\w Icn-¶Æv X´pI ISp∏w, I¿°-im-hÿ tImgn-Iq-Ip∂ i_vZw ]pcp-j≥am¿ £ucw sNøp-tºmƒ BNm-c-]-c-ambn inc- n¬ _m°n \n¿Ønbncp∂ Xe-apSn D’m-l-Øm¬. IpXpIw˛ D’mlw Iq´nbn-SpI sNdnb h≈w tImf-\nsb kw_-‘n-®-Xv (Colonial) km{am-Py-i-‡n-I-fpsS `cWw sNbvX {]hr-Øn-bn-ep≈ Xr]vXn, IrX-amb A¿YtØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Ahÿ

B BS-tem-SIw

C Cl-temIw

Cu Cu‰p-tNmc

D DØ-c-£Ww DZm-c-a-\kvI DZy-an-°pI DZ-b-KXn

I

3 8 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

£oc-km-K-c-i-b-\≥

˛

]m¬°-S-en¬ ibn-°p-∂-h≥, alm-hnjvWp

˛ ˛ ˛

`fimcw, {Sjdn sdm´n, ]Øncn I¿Wm-S-I-kw-Ko-X-Ønse Hcp cmKw

˛

`n£ bmNn®v \S-°p-∂-bmƒ

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

Iºnfn∏pX∏v _‘p-°ƒ s]s´∂v NnØ-am-Ip∂ ]qhv, NnØw˛a-\ v

˛

kqcys‚ ÿnXn, kqcy≥ Hmtcm \£-{X-Ønepw \n¬°p∂ Imew, the ˛ thf

X]vXw Xt]m-\njvT Xø¬ Xn‡-^ew XssYh XpS-c-Wn-aWn

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

tXdn-\m≥

˛

X]n-°s∏´Xv, Np´ X]- ns‚ \njvT (\njvT ˛ Dd-∏v, IWn-iw) s]¨Ip´n Ibv]p≈ A\p-`hw (-I-bv]p≈ Imb) Aß-s\-Xs∂ Igp-Øn¬ sI´nb aWn (XpS-cv ˛ Nß-e)˛ XpS-cn¬ AWn™ aWn. "AWn'°p "kpµ-c-amb' F∂pw A¿Yap≠v. XpS-cnse at\m-l-c-amb aWn. Ah≥ hnizkn-®p, Ah≥ Adn-™p

˛

IÆm-Sn

˛

hf¿ØΩ

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

s]m°nƒ tZh\v A¿∏n-°m-\p≈ `£-W-hkvXp cm{Xn-bnse \n»-_vZX H∂n-t\mSpw tNcm-Ø Ahÿ, hnc‡n ]£n-°qSv

]®-∏-cam¿Yw ]®bpw Inco-S-hp-a-Wn™ ]©-a-thZw

˛ ˛ ˛

]´n-Wnbpw ]cn-h-´hpw

˛

]®-bmb kXyw apJØv ]® (a\-tbme) tX®v Inco-S-hp-a-Wn-™v. alm-`m-cXw˛ alm-`m-c-XsØ A©m-asØ thZ-ambn IW-°m-°p-∂p. Zmcn-{Zyhpw Zpcn-X-ßfpw

J JP-\mhv Jp_qkv (Ad_nhm°v) Jc-l-c-{]nb

K tKmkmbn

N NI-emkv Nm¿®-°m¿ Nns°∂v NnØ-Xmcv

R Rm‰p-the

X

Z Z¿∏Ww [[m{Xn

\ \m`n \nthZyw \nioY\n»-_vZX \n wKX \oUw

]

ae- b mfw 3 9

]´mWn

˛

]{X-hkv{Xw ]¥n-∏mb ]cn-t—-Zn-°pI ]cnj

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

]mS-h-lo\ ]nXr-\n¿hn-tijw ]ni-In-hm-ßpI ]qs∏m-en-∏m´v

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

]pjvSn-s∏-Sp-ØpI ]qapJw t]m® ({]mtZ-in-I]-Zw) t]mcpw {]XoIw {]Xym-LmXw {]tem-`n-∏n-°pI {]hmkn

˛ ˛ ˛

Hcp apkvenw hn`mKw ({]tZ-i-\m-a-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p≠mb hm°v) ]Tm≥ Ce-sIm-≠p≈ hkv{Xw ]¥n-bn¬ Ccn-°m≥ hn-cn-°p∂ \o≠ ]mb apdn-°pI, \n›-bn-°p-I Iq´¿, Iq´w (]cn-jXv F∂ kwkvIrX ]Z-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-b-Xv) kma¿Yy-an-√m-Ø-hƒ ]nXm-hn-t‚Xp-t]m-e-p≈ hne-t]in hmßpI HmW-°m-eØv ]q]-dn-°m≥ t]mIp-tºmƒ Ip´n-Iƒ ]mSp∂ ]m´v sa®-s∏-Sp-ØpI DΩ-dw, hoSns‚ ap≥hiw ]p√v

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

aXn-bmIpw Bi-bsØ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Xncn-®Sn ({]Xn + BLm-Xw) tamln-∏n-°pI P∑-\mSv hn´v A\y-\m-´n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ Bƒ

_ln¿`mKw _nw_w

˛ ˛

{_“-⁄m\w {_“-temIw

˛ ˛

]pd-sØ -`mKw (× A¥¿`mKw) Bi-bØ - ns‚tbm hkvXphns‚tbm {]XoXn Df-hm-°p∂ {]XoIw (kmln-Xy-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ khn-ti-jamb A¿Y-Øn¬) hn{Klw F∂p ]Zm¿∞w {_“sØ kw_-‘n® Adnhv kXy-temIw

˛

`mh-\-bm-Ip∂ at\m-lc]´Ww

˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛

kpµ-c-amb ImgvN tIcfw, ae{ºtZiw Irjn-ÿ-ew, ta®n¬ÿew H®-s∏-Sp-∂Xv, i_vZ-tØmSp IqSn-bXv iey-ap-≠m-°p∂, Zp¿K‘w tamlm-ekyw (t_m[-t°-Sv) Ip∂v t\Xr-Xzw, ap≥ssI, B[n-]-Xyw kpµcn (sam©v˛ `wKn)

˛

\mWw

_

` `mh-\m-a-Wn-]-Ø\w

a a[p-c-Z¿i\w ae-\mSv akd apJ-cnXw apiSv aq¿— taSv ta¬ss° sam©Øn

e e÷ 4 0 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

h h{‡w h¿W-hn-th-N\w hmS hm’-ey-ZpKv[w hmbv∏n-°pI hnNn-¥\X¥p hnPm-Xobw hnPm-Xobam\w hn¨]n-®-I-s®Sn hn]-Zn-ss[cyw shSn-h´w

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hmbv, apJw sXmen-bpsS \nd-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ hnth-N\w Zpjn® -K-‘w, Nqcv hm’-ey-am-Ip∂ ]m¬, ZpKv[w ˛ ]m¬ h¿[n-∏n-°pI Nn¥mX¥p, X¥p ˛ \qev hyXykvX PmXn-bn-ep-≈Xv, a‰p-Pm-Xn-bn¬ s]´Xv hyXykvXXew BIm-i-Ønse ]n®-I-s®Sn B]-XvL-´-ß-fn¬ {]I-S-am-Ip∂ ss[cyw t\c-tºm°p]d-®n¬

˛ ˛ ˛

sh≈-Øp-≈n saen™-h≥ {imh-W-Ønse ]qhv, {imhWw ˛ HmWw ˛ Nnßw

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CS-Xq¿∂ Ahÿ acym-Z-tbm-Sp-IqSn \√ NqSv, henb ZpxJw GI-tZiw aX-{]-`m-j-I¿ t\c-tºm°p ]d-bpI kuµcyw kz¥w Bfp-Iƒ Bflm-hns‚ sh◊ H∂n-®pIq´pI ⁄m\-kv\m\w sNøn°pI

˛ ˛

kz¿K-Ønse kpµcn Ac-b-∂w-t]mse shfpØ

i ioIcw ipjvIico-c≥ {imh-W-]pjv]w

k km{µX ka-cymZw kpXm]w kpam¿ kphn-ti-j-I¿ skm≈n-°pI ku`Kw kzIo-b¿ kzXz-sh◊ kzcp-°q-´pI kv\m\-s∏-Sp-ØpI

l lqdn (Ad_n]Zw) lwk-ip{`

ae- b mfw 4 1

A¿tWmkv ]mXncn (1681˛1732)

hn.Sn. `´-Xn-cn-∏mSv (1896 ˛ 1982)

]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-Øn¬ tIc-fØn-seØnb ss{IkvXhanjW-dn. kztZiw P¿a-\n-bpsS hS-°p-]-Sn-™m-dp-`m-K-Øp≈ Hmÿ Imsπ≥. icn- b mb t]cv tPm¨ GWÃv lmMv k¬U≥. aX-{]-Nm-c-W-Øns\-Ønb ]mXncn kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ AhKmlw t\Sp-Ibpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ IhnX cNn°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ss__nƒ°Y-Iƒ BZyambn ae-bm-f-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂Xv At±-lam-Wv. IqXm-i-∏m-\, DΩmsS ZpxJw, tZham-Xm-hns‚ hymIp-e-{]-_-‘w, NXp-c¥yw F∂n-h-bmWv {][m\ Imhy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ.

kmln-Xy-Im-c\pw kaql]-cn-jvI¿Ømhpw. ]me-°mSp Pn√-bnse tag-Øq-cn¬ sh≈nØn-cpØnØmgØp a\-bn¬ P\n-®p. \ºqXncnkap- Z m- b - Ø nse ]cn- j v I - c W{ia߃°p t\XrXzw \¬In. kv{XoIƒ A\p`-hn-®p-t]m∂ Zpcn-X-߃s°-Xntc i_vZ-apb¿Øn. kap-Zm-b-Ønse BZysØ hn[-hmhn-hm-lØ - n\pw an{i-hn-hm-lØ - n\pw t\XrXzw \¬In. tbmK-t£-ak - `- b - nepw tZiob kzmX{¥y-k-ac {]ÿm-\-Ønepw {]h¿Øn®p. kaq-l]-cn-jvI-cWw e£yw hs®-gp-Xnb "ASp-°-f-bn¬ \n∂v Ac-ß-tØ°v' F∂ \mSIw {]i-kvX-am-Wv. "IÆocpw In\mhpw' F∂ Bfl-IY - bv°v tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Uv e`n-®p. cP-\o-cwKw (IY-Iƒ); kXy-sa-∂Xv ChnsS a\p-jy-\m-Ip-∂p, shSnh-´w, Ime-Øns‚ km£n, hn.Sn-bpsS D]\ym-k-߃ (D]-\ym-k-߃); I¿a-hn-]mIw (Bfl-I-Y) F∂n-h-bmWv a‰p {][m\ IrXnIƒ.

h≈-tØmƒ \mcm-bWtat\m≥ (1878˛1958) B[p-\nI Ihn-{X-b-Øn-sem-cmƒ. ae∏pdw Pn√-bnse tN∂cbn¬ h≈-tØmƒho´n¬ P\n-®p. tZio-b-t_m-[-Øn-s‚bpw {]Ir-Xnku-µ-cy-Øn-s‚bpw Ihn. {]Xn-]m-Zy-Øn¬ sshhn- [ yhpw {]Xn- ] m- Z - \ - Ø n¬ sshNn{Xyhpw ]pe¿Øn-s°m≠v `mh-Ko-X-߃ apX¬ alm-Im-hyw hsc cNn®v ae-bmfIhnXsb kºpjvS-am-°n. hmevaoIn-cm-am-b-Ww, EtKz-Zw, `mk-s‚bpw Imfn-Zm-k-s‚bpw \mSI-߃ XpSßn [mcmfw IrXn-Iƒ ae-bm-fØn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp. _‘\-ÿ\mb A\n-cp-≤≥, aKvZ-e-\-a-dn-bw, injy\pw aI-\pw, A—\pw aIfpw XpS-ßnb Jfi-Imhy-߃ Nn{X-tbmKw alm-Im-hyw, kmln-Xya-RvPc - n-sb-∂t- ]-cn¬ ]Xn-s\m∂p Ihn-Xm-kam-lm-c-߃ F∂nh-sbms°bmWv h≈tØm-fns‚ {][m-\ -Ir-Xn-I-ƒ. tIcf Iem-afiew ÿm]n-°p-∂X - nepw IY-Ifn{]ÿm\Øn\v {]Nmcw t\Sn- s °m- S p- ° p- ∂ - X nepw {][m\ ]¶p-h-ln-®p. ]fl-`q-j¨ _lp-aXn e`n-®n-´p≠v. 4 2 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen

]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥\mb¿ (1906 ˛ 1978) {]Ir-Xyp-]m-kI - \ - mb Ihn. Imk¿tImSv Pn√bn¬ Im™-ßmSv sh≈n-t°mØv ]\-b¥ - ´ ho´n¬ P\n-®p. A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. tIc-fØns‚ kmwkvIm- c n- I - s s]- X r- I hpw {]IrXnemh-Wy-hp-amWv At±-lØ - ns‚ IhnX-bpsS auenI`mh-߃. Ifn-b-—≥, kuµcy-]q-P, ]qsam-´ns‚ IWn, \c-_-en, B ae\m-S≥ a¶-am¿, N¥-]n-cn-™n-´pw, ]p≈p-hs∏¨sImSn, a¨Ip-SØ - ns‚ hne XpS-ßnb Ihn-X-I-sf√mw Gsd {]kn-≤-am-Wv. Xma-ctØm- W n, Xma- c - t Ø≥, hk- t ¥m- ’ - h w, ctYm-’hw, HmW-∏q-hv, \nd-]d (Ihn-Xm-kam-lm-c-߃); Fs∂-Øn-c-bp∂ Rm≥, Ihn-

bpsS Im¬]mSp-Iƒ, \nXy-I-\y-I-sb-tØ-Sn (Bfl-IY - I - ƒ) XpSßn Fgp-]X - n-tesd IrXnIƒ cNn-®p. tIcf-˛-tI-{µ- kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Up-Iƒ t\Sn-bn-´p-≠v. sshtem-∏n≈n {io[-c-ta-t\m≥ (1911 ˛ 1985) Imev]-\n-I-X-bn¬ \n∂pw ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xsb bmYm¿Yy-Øns‚ ]cp-°≥{]-Xe - ß - f - n-te°v \bn®hcn¬ {][m\n. Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√-bnse Ieq-cn¬ P\n-®p. imkv{Xm-[ym-]I - \ - m-bn-cp-∂p. amº- g w, klys‚ aI≥, IÆo¿∏m- S w, Du™m-en¬, ]¥-߃, tN‰p-]p-g, Im° XpSßn Ht´sd {]kn-≤I - h - n-XI - f - psS I¿Ømhv. I∂n-s°m-bvØv, {iotc-J, HmW-∏m-´p-Im¿, Ip∂n- a - W n- I ƒ, hnØpw ssIt°m- ´ pw, IS¬°m-°-Iƒ, Ipcp-hn-Iƒ, Ibv]-h-√-cn, hnS, aI-cs - °m-bvØv, an∂m-an-∂n, ]®-°p-Xnc, IrjvWarK-߃, A¥n-Nm-bp∂p XpS-ßn-bh Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-ß-fm-Wv. IpSn-sbm-gn-°¬ (Jfi- I m- h yw), Imhy- t em- I - k v a - c - W - I ƒ (Bfl-I-Y) F∂n-h-bmWv a‰p {][m\ IrXnIƒ. tIcf˛tI{µ kmlnXy A°m- Z an Ahm¿Up-Iƒ t\Sn. B‰q¿ chn-h¿a B[p- \ nI Ihn- I - f n¬ {]ap- J ≥. 1930˛¬ Xr»q¿ Pn√-bnse B‰q-cn¬ P\n-®p. A[ym]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. taL-cq-]≥, kw{I-a-Ww, Im≥k¿, \m´n¬ ]m¿°mØ C¥ym-°m-c≥ F∂nh At±-lØ - ns‚ {][m-\s - ∏´ Nne IhnX-I-fm-Wv. Ihn-X, B‰p¿ chn-h¿a-bpsS IhnX-Iƒ (c≠p `mKw) F∂n-h-bmWv Ihn-Xmk-am-lm-cß - ƒ. Xan-gn¬ \n∂p t\mh-ep-Ifpw Ihn-X-Ifpw ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn. tI{µ˛tI-cf -km-lnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Up-Iƒ e`n-®n´p≠v. H.F≥.-hn. Ipdp∏v ⁄m\-]o-T] - p-ck - vImcw t\Snb Ihn. 1931˛ ¬ sIm√w Pn√- b nse Nh- d - b n¬ P\n- ® p. \mS≥ioep-ItfmSp≈ B`n-apJyw, Km\m-flI-X, eb-`w-Kn, Bi-b-k-ºpjvSn F∂nh

H.-F≥.-hn. Ihn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ. Ne-®n{XKm\-c-N-bn-Xmhv F∂ \ne-bnepw {]ikv X - \ m- W v . HcpXp≈n shfn- ® w, abn¬∏oen, AKv\nie-`-߃, IdpØ]£nbpsS ]m´v, D÷-bn-\n, `qan-s°mcp Nc-a-KoXw, AKv\n-i-e-`-߃, A£-cw, D∏v, ss`chs‚ XpSn, kzbw-hcw XpS-ßn-bh {][m\ IrXn-Iƒ. tI{µ-˛-tI-cf kmlnXy A°mZan Ahm¿Up-Iƒ e`n-®n´p-≠v. KqKn-hm- Xn-HmwtKm 1938 ˛ ¬ P\n-®p. sI\n-b-bnse hnJ-ymX t\mh-enÃv, ap≥ cm-jv{SobØS-hp-Im-c≥, \mS-I-IrØv, A[ym-]-I≥. `mj-bpsS XeØn¬ A[n-\n-th-iØ - n-s\-Xntc [oc-amb ]co£- W - ß ƒ \S- Ø n. Cw•ojv Dt]- £ n®v kz¥w P\-X-bpsS `mj-bmb KnIp-bp-hn¬ cN-\-Iƒ \SØn. "F\n-°p-tXm-∂p-tºmƒ hnhm-ln-X-\mIpw' F∂ \mS-I-sa-gp-Xn-b-Xn\v 1980˛ ¬ XS-hn-e-S-bv°-s∏-´p. KnIpbp `mjbn¬ BZy B[p-\nI t\mh¬ "sIbvXm\n apXvl¿_-bn\n' {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. ho]v t\m´v ssN¬Uv, Z dn-h¿ _n‰vho≥, Z s{K-bn≥ Hm^v ho‰v, Zn ssSw Sp-tamtdm ko{I´v ssehvkv, s]‰¬kv Hm^v ªUv, IbvXm\n apXvl¿ _bn-\n, _mc¬ Hm^v F s]≥, UntImfss\-knMv Z ssa≥Uv, aZ¿ knMv t^m¿ an, hnkm¿Uv Hm^v F t{Im F∂n- h - b mWv {][m\- Ir-Xn-Iƒ. C. lcn-Ip-am¿ {]ikvX sNdp-I-Ym-Ir-Øv. 1943˛¬ s]m∂m\n-bn¬ P\n-®p. Iqd-Iƒ, Znt\m-kd- ns‚ Ip´n, Ej-`Ø - ns‚ IÆv, Ip¶paw hnX-dnb hgn-Iƒ, kq£n-®p-h® abn¬∏o-en, ]®-∏-øns\ ]nSn°m≥, \K-c-hm-kn-bmb Hcp Ip´n XpS-ßn-bh-bmWv IYm-k-am-lm-c-߃. {]W-b-Øns\mcp tkm^vSvshb¿, sIm®-{ºm´n XpSßnb t\mh-ep-Ifpw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. "Znt\m-kdns‚ Ip´n'°v tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Uv e`n-®p.

ae- b mfw 4 3

k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ B[p- \ nI Ihn- I - f n¬ {]ap- J ≥. 1946˛¬ Xr»q¿ Pn√-bnse sImSp-ß-√q-cn¬ P\n-®p. A[ym-]I - ≥, \ncq-]I - ≥, hnh¿Ø-I≥ F∂o \ne-I-fnepw {]i-kvX-\m-Wv. tI{µ-km-lnXy A°m- Z an sk{I- ´ - d n- b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. A©pkqcy≥, Fgp- Ø - — - s \- g p- X p- t ºmƒ, Ihn_p- ≤ ≥, ]oU- \ - I m- e w, hoSp- a m- ‰ w, Chs\°qSn, ae-bm-fw, tZim-S\w XpS-ßnbh {][m\ IrXn-Iƒ. temIIhn-X-I-fpsSbpw C¥y≥ Ihn-X-I-fpsSbpw ]cn-`m-jmk-am-lm-c-߃ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≠v. tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Uv e`n-®n-´p-≠v. s_\ym-an≥ t\mh- e nÃv , IYm- I rØv . P\- \ - ÿ ew ]Ø\wXn´ Pn√-bnse Ipf-\S. _lvssd-\n¬ tPmen sNøp-∂p. bqØ-t\-kn-b, s]¨amdm´w (IYm-ka - m-lm-c߃); {]hm-NI - ∑ - m-cpsS c≠mw ]pkvX-Iw, BSpPohn-Xw, A°-t∏mcns‚ Ccp-]Xv \{kmWnh¿j-߃, A_oi-Kn≥ (t\mh-ep-Iƒ); Ccp≠ h\-ÿe - n-Iƒ

(Ipdn- ∏ p- I ƒ) F∂nh IrXn- I ƒ. "BSp PohnXw' tIc- f - k m- l nXy A°m- Z an Ahm¿Uv t\Sn. Iem-{]nb Xan-gnse B[p-\nI Ihn-I-fn¬ {]ap-J≥. 1950˛¬ P\n-®p. bYm¿Y-t]cv Sn.sI tkmakp-µcw. Iem-{]nb F∂Xv Xqen-Im-\m-aa - mWv. _m¶v DtZym-Kÿ - ≥. sh≈w, Xo¿Y-bm-ss{X, F´m-b-]p-cw, Iem-{]nbmIhn-X-Iƒ F∂nh {][m\ Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-ß-fm-Wv. d^o°v Al-ΩZv ]pXp-Xe - a - p-db - nse {it≤-b\ - mb Ihn. 1961 ˛¬ Xr»q¿ Pn√-bnse A°n-°m-hn¬ P\n-®p. ]mcº-cyhpw ]pXp-abpw Iq´n-t®¿Ø-XmWv cN\m-co-Xn. ]md-bn¬ ]Wn-™-Xv, kz]v\-hm-Mv aq-ew, Bƒa-d, No´p-I-fn-°m¿, {Kma-hr-£Ønse h∆m¬, inh-Iman F∂n-h-bmWv IhnXm-k-am-lm-c-߃. Ne-®n-{X-Km-\-c-N-bnXmhv F∂ \ne-bnepw {]kn-≤-\m-Wv. tIc-fkm-lnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Upw Ne-®n-{XKm-\-c-N-\bv-°p≈ kwÿm\ Ahm¿Upw e`n-®n-´p-≠v.

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4 4 ASn-ÿm\ ]mTm-hen