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Good Animal Husbandry Practises (GAHP)  Animal husbandry is the science of taking care of

Good Animal Husbandry Practices Lecture 11

domestic animals that are used primarily as food or product sources.  In many places throughout the world, people are essentially specialists in animal husbandry by means of being farmers, ranchers, sheepherders, or anyone who takes care of a variety of animals. Anyone who takes care of domesticated animals, especially in large groups, is practicing animal husbandry.

Good Animal Husbandry Practises (GAHP)  Global awareness on food safety and quality is becoming increasingly important.  Good animal husbandry practices (GAHP) has been identified as one of the approaches in ensuring the production of wholesome quality meat and meat products.  Farmers should aim in achieving a high standard in livestock production and disease control.

What is GAHP ?

 Procedures to ensure animals are farmed to meet a certain quality and safety requirements  Procedures describe the methods, equipments, facilities and controls for all farmed animals

Good Animal Husbandry Practises (GAHP)  A second definition of animal husbandry is that it is a subject that can be studied, often in the college environment. People who take undergraduate degrees in animal husbandry may be less interested in caring for a flock of animals and more likely to specialize with graduate degrees in veterinary medicine, pharmacy degrees specializing in animals, or in managing large companies that produce products for animals like feed.  In general, many of the practices involved in learning animal husbandry come naturally from being raised on farms where large numbers of animals are raised.

GAHP

 Prerequisite program for food quality and safety plans  Develop, implement, review and verify for effectiveness of the program  Ensure HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) plans focus on CCP to produce safe food

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Benefits of GAHP

Procedure Attitude for GAHP  Understand what is done on farm can effect product to

 To improve management practises  To avoid violative drug residues  To decrease production cost  To expand market for animal products  To trace animal products from production sources

consumers  Food Supply Chain  Cannot rely solely on drugs to maintain herd health or production  No substitute for good sanitation practises, sound preventive medication program, good nutrition program and proper environmental conditions  Reason for drug usage on farm : prevent or control disease  treat disease  improve weight gain  improve feed efficiency

Objectives of GAHP Certification

Compliance Criteria for GAHP

 To increase the market access of animal products both in the local and foreign markets;  To empower farmers to respond to the demands of consumers that specific criteria in the trade of goods to achieve food safety and quality be met;  To facilitate farmer adoption of sustainable agricultural practices;  To uplift GAHP-agricultural farm operators profile as member of the nationally recognized list of animal industry producers who are setting the benchmark for the production of safe and quality meat and meat products;  To enable consumers exercise the option of buying quality meat and meat products from traceable and certified sources.  To support and facilitate disease control program.

 The awarding of GAHP Certification is based upon compliance set in the Code of Practice for Good Animal Husbandry (GAHP) pertaining to farm structure, environment and maintenance, farming practices and farm management during farm checks and the diligent observation of the regulations of GAHP certification. The compliance criteria include:  Compliance to the Code of Practice for Good Animal Husbandry (GAHP)  Implementation of biosecurity measures and transparent and traceable systems to keep track of safe and quality meat and meat products  Documentation of farm management to help trace the history of farm produce.  The farm must also identify a coordinator to represent the farm in the certification matters.  The farm records must be kept for two (2) years.  New farm applying for certification must have six (6) months of farm records.

Procedure Attitude for GAHP

 Important to have veterinarian involvement in medication decisions  Feed Act : regulate quality of animal feed  Vet Surgeon Act : animal health  Animal Ordinance : animal disease  Food Act : safe animal products  Industry’s goal to have no violative residues in products

Management Responsibilities

 Understand the benefits of GAHP, its implementation and coordination  Know the difference between GAHP and HACCP  Know the consequences of not having a good QAP (Quality Assurance Program)  Ensure workers and personnel are knowledgeable and well trained  Facilities improvements  Total commitment and involvement

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Food Safety

Efficient Production of Quality Products

 Identify and track all treated animals  Maintain medication and treatment records  Properly stored, label and account for all drug products and medicated feeds  Personnel – movement in farms  Use drug residue test when appropriate

Maintain Medications & Treatment Records

 Record vaccination practises and farm

medication

plan  Animal treatment, dates, who administered the drugs ? , withdrawal time  Records : Complete, Accurate & Useful ?

       

Premise and environment Biosecurity Equipment and utensils Sanitation disposal and waste treatment Pest Control Program Supplies Storage Establish an efficient and effectives herd health management plan  Appropriate on-farm feed processing or purchase from approve feedmillers  Complete GAHP checklist annually and rectify every 2 years

Properly store, label and account for all drug products and medicated feeds

 Follow the label for storage & usage, cos’ temperature exposure in sunlight & other factors affects vaccine or drugs to become ineffective, use entire bottle after reconstitution  Proper usage : clean needles, dosage, disposal of syringes & needles  Keep medications out of reach from children

Identify and Track All Treated Animals

 Either individual or pens  Keep medication records for at least 12 months  Observe withdrawal period  Do not sell animals still under the withdrawal period

Personnel  Disease Control & Monitor    

written policy medication examination communicable diseases protective attire : clothing, boots, gloves  discourage visitor

 Personnel Hygiene  personal cleanliness  education & training  supervision : assign competent supervisors  workers movement within pens

 Education & Training  personnel in charge : education & experience  supervisors and workers : knowledge on GAHP Compliance by all personnel  educate all employees and family members on proper administration techniques and withdrawal times

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Premise and Environment    

Suitable location Adequate drainage General maintenance : shed, yard, store Building design: construction & maintenance  sufficient space for animals  adequate lighting  facilitate cleaning  adequate ventilation  adequate protection from pests  permit easy cleaning

Sanitation facilities and operation

Biosecurity

 Keeping herd safe from diseases from environment and other animals eg. quarantine new stock, fencing, farm distance, foot bath, vehicle dip, visitor bath, etc  Prevent entry of pests  Regulate visitor movement

Rubbish disposal and waste treatment

 water supply  sufficient, derived from clean source  chlorinated if required  conduct microbiology tests  planned cleaning schedule  completely clean & disinfect pen or building  have details, eg. Frequency, method, type of detergent & sanitizer, personnel,  person who check, record and verify  microbiology test

 good disposal system for litter and waste  rubbish, dead animals, waste disposal must be adequate and proper  meet DOE (department of environment)

Equipment and Utensils

 Proper equipment  Utilisation of equipment  Regular cleaning & disinfection of equipment  Storage of equipment

Pest Control Program  pests can be carriers of diseases  control of insects, rodents, birds or other vermin  effective, regular inspection  layout of bait or trap station  rodenticides, fumigants, insecticides approved by authority, instruction on usage, dosage, collection of dead pests  rodents control eg. cleaning of feed spills, replacing lids or covers for feeders, plugging holes in building walls & doors, use bait control weeds around building

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Supplies & Storage  Supplies  raw materials and other ingredients from approved source  supplier Quality Assurance (SQA) quality and safety  inspect, test (level of micro organism, chemical, physical ) and store  receiving area away from sheds  labeling and storage

 Storage  raw materials and other supplies inspected upon receipt  storage area  proper condition (temperature, humidity, shade)  appropriate stock rotation  pest control program  labeled  Toxic Material Storage  chemicals approve by authority  identified and stored properly  separate locked room

Follow appropriate on-farm feed processing or purchase from approved commercial feed millers  important of quality feed that meets nutritional composition, free from contaminants  Guidelines on GMP (Good Manufacturing Practises) for 4 major sections: building & grounds  workspace & storage  lab assays  equipment cleanout procedures

Establish an efficient and effective herd health management plan  Prevention is cheaper than treating it  Practice all-in & all-out system  Proper vaccination program & prophylactic treatment  Health problems can be controlled by management  Examine herd for present of disease  Serologically testing for diseases  Routine post-mortem examination & diagnostic procedures  Review production performance and financial records

Complete GAHP Checklist annually & Rectify every 2 years

Provide proper animal care

 good animal husbandry practises  facilities to protect and shelter animals from weather extremes  well-kept facilities to allow safe, humane and efficient movement of animals  personnel with training to care & no tolerance for mistreatment  access to quality water and nutritionally balanced diets for each class of animals  make sure basic needs for food and water are being met and to detect illness or injury  developing herd health program with veterinary advice  prompt veterinary medical care when required  use humane methods to euthanize sick or injured animals not responding to care or treatment & disposing them properly  transportation that avoids undue stress eg. Overcrowding, excess time in transit or improper handling during loading and unloading

Process Control

 all operations conducted in accordance with  review for possible cost saving areas, update on facilities design, new technology to improve production systems and health of animals

adequate sanitation principles  used feed, materials & animals from approved sources  farming procedures : do not contribute contamination from any sources  testing method : chemicals, microbiology & physical

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Documentation  define materials, operations  record and communicate information  detect product traceability  permit investigation  develop GAHP manual – quality manual  policy statements on the way a company intends to carry out its business – operating procedures  what a company does and how it achieves stated policies – support documents  how a company carries out what it says and what it does

Defect Action Level

 animal and product traceability : product coding, distribution records  means of notifying customers, retailers, wholesalers, etc  evaluate complaint  investigate  notify regulatory agency  regular analysis  take proper preventive measures  avoid recurrence

Conclusion

 The success of the GAHP depends on the strong commitment and involvement of all personnel involved in the industry. The application of GAHP will facilitate regular inspection and promote domestic and international trade.

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