2012

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT Abstract In this report, there have been reports on industry training that I undergo for 10 weeks. This report contains introduction, background of the company, summary of weekly, technical report, finding and recommendations, conclusion and references.

MUHAMMAD FAHMI BIN MUSTAFA SBJ BINAJAYA DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD 10/13/2012

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING BACHELOR IN CIVIL (HONORS) ENGINEERING (INFRASTRUCTURE)

MUHAMMAD FAHMI BIN MUSTAFA 2010952959 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT 9 JULY 2012 – 16 SEPTEMBER 2012

SBJ BINAJAYA DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD 5400 E & F, BANGUNAN SBJ JALAN SULTAN YAHYA PETRA

15200 KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN

1

ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS Bismillahirrahmanirrahim……. I am grateful to the Almighty by His grace I managed to undergo industrial training in SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn Bhd for ten weeks starting from 9 July to 16 September as required by the faculty for students with a Bachelor of Civil Engineering (infrastructure) sessions July 2012. First of all I would like to thank goes to all energy, guidance, encouragement, advice and ideas that have been poured out to me during my practical training in companies. Indeed, all the knowledge that was given to me will I utilized wisely for my future to face the working world soon. I also wish to express our appreciation to thank Mr. Rosdi bin Che Busu as site supervisor who has care, educate and provide guidance to me during my stay there. Not forgetting the other staff as Pn. Nita, Pn. Salina, Meeling for their willingness to give instruction and guidance to me in carrying out their duties and help me solve all the problems facing this industry during the training session. I would also like to express our sincere thanks to all the sub-contractors involved in the construction of this project, which has provided teaching me the opportunity to learn something new. Finally, do not forget, I want to thank the supervisor from the Faculty of Civil Engineering, En. Rohamizan for their willingness to take the time he came to visit me and give me suggestions and views during the training industry.

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MY PERSONAL PROFILE

NAME

: MUHAMMAD FAHMI BIN MUSTAFA

I/C NO.

: 890816-03-6055

MATRIX NO.

: 2010952959

PROGRAMME

: BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS) CIVIL (INFRASTRUCTURE).

SEMESTER

:7

HOME ADDRESS

: KG TELAGA LANAS, PENGKALAN KUBOR, 16080 TUMPAT, KELANTAN.

PHONE NUMBER

: 013-9913520

COMPANY

: SBJ BINAJAYA DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD.

SITE ADDRESS

: TAMAN FIRDAUS, SEKSYEN 45, MUKIM TELUK, 15200 KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN.

SITE SUPERVISOR

: ROSDI BIN CHE BUSU.

DURATION OF TRAINING: 10 WEEKS (9 JULY 2012 – 16 SEPTEMBER 2012)

3

TABLE OF CONTENT BIL

TITLE

PAGE

1.0

Chapter 1 : Introduction

2.0

Chapter 2 : Background of the Company

6

2.1 Organization profile

8

2.2 Quality Policy

9

2.3 Directors

9

2.4 Management And Employees

10 11 – 16

2.5 Completed Project 2.6 New Project

17

2.7 Office Organization Chart

18

2.8 Site Organization Chart

19

2.9 Period of Employment

19

3.0 Nature of Appointments

20

3.1 Details of Job Locations

20

3.2 Details of Immediate Superior

21

3.3 Project Where Student Directly Involved

22

3.0

Chapter 3 : Summary of Weekly

4.0

Chapter 4 : Technical Report

23 – 29 30

4.1 Method of Construction

30 30 – 31

4.1.1 Earth Work 4.1.2 Mackintosh Probe Test

32

4.1.3 Sand Replacement Test

33 34 – 35

4.1.4 Anti Termite

4

4.2 Structure Works

36

4.2.1 Damp Prove Membrane 4.2.2 Formwork

37 – 40

4.2.3 Steel Reinforcement

41 – 47

4.2.4 Concreting

48 – 55

4.2.5 Slump Test

56 – 57

4.2.6 Cube Test

58 – 59

4.3 Architectures Work

60

4.3.1 General

60 60 – 61

4.3.2 Brick Laying 4.3.3 Brick Laying Process

62

4.3.4 Work Plastering Wall

63

4.4 Problem Encountered and How Overcome It 5.0

6.0

36

Chapter 5 : Findings and Recommendations

64 – 67 68

5.1 Experience Gained

68

5.2 Recommendation

69

Chapter 6 : Conclusion

70

Chapter 6.1: References

71

Chapter 6.2: Appendices

72-77

5

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Industrial Training is a compulsory component of the curriculum which aims to expose students to the real nature of the engineering works and to get them involved in civil engineering projects. The technical and non-technical outcomes of the course may be assessed and evaluated through this industrial training. Industrial Training can only be done for students from Semester 6 and 7. Duration of the training was for 10 weeks from 9th July till 16th September 2012. Students can undergo the industrial training whether at government organization or private company that accepts the practical trainees to join them. There is a various type of industry that related to civil engineering course such as design and built company, developer, surveyor or Consultant Company. After I sent the application to 10 companies to conduct the training industry, only two companies only accept my application is already one of the companies is SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn Bhd based in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Working hours are from 8.00 am to 5.00 pm with one hour break time begins 1:00 pm and worked for 5 days a week. To fulfill the requirement of the subject (ECM598), I joined SBJ Binajaya Developement Sdn Bhd Company. I was sent to undergo my practical training at one of their construction site for the project they currently undertake which is the project to build the residential housing in Taman Firdaus, Mukim Telok, Daerah Panji. The sequence in completing the block is classified into several phase. When I reached that site for my industrial training, they are on the beginning construction of the Phase 3 and Phase 4. Phases 3 are the construction of the Storey Terrace House. There are 4 block of terrace house. They are Block L, M, N and O. Phases 4 is the construction of the Double Storey Terrace House. There are 4 block of terrace house that involves in Phase 4. They are Block H, I, J and K. My role at this site is to work as technical assistant to help my site supervisor to check the correct material used and its measurement. Throughout the training period, I was exposed to construction site works where most of the works currently being done are the foundations work and finishing work.

6

7

CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY 2.1 ORGANIZATION PROFILE COMPANY NAME

: SBJ BINAJAYA DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD

OFFICE ADDRESS

: 5400 E & F, BANGUNAN SBJ JALAN SULTAN YAHYA PETRA, 15200 KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN.

CHAIRMAN

: MR.TAN HUAT @ TAN LIANG CHONG

DIRECTORS

: MR.TAN HUAT @ TAN LIANG CHONG : MR. TAN CHEE LIM, SMK : MR. TAN WEI LIM, AK : MR. TAN CHEE SENG

COMPANY SECRETARIE : KHIDMAT SETIA SDN BHD AUDITORS

:MESSRS

CHIANG

&

RESOURCE OFF

CHIANG

10A,

INDUSTRIAL JALAN

KELANG

JALAN

2/137B CENTRE LAMA

58000 KUALA LUMPUR. DATE OF INCORPORATION: 24thJANUARY 1994 REGISTRATION NO

: 287963-U

NATURE OF BUSINESS

: HOUSING DEVELOPER & CONTRACTOR CIDB GRADE G7

AUTHORIZED CAPITAL

: RM5, 000,000.00

PAID-UP CAPITAL

: RM2, 040,001.00

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2.2 QUALITY POLICY We, SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn Bhd, a provider of property development, design and construction of buildings and infrastructure works are committed to comply to customer, statutory, regulatory, ISO 9001 requirements and in line with our Quality Policy of “SBJ” as follows: SUPERIOR IN QUALITY, SAFETY, HEALTH

& ENVIRONMENT

BUILT TO PURCHASERS SATISFACTION JUSTIFIED TO STRIVE FOR CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT 2.3 DIRECTOR  Mr. Tan Huat @ Tan Liang Chong, aged 67, is the Executive Chairman of the Company. He was appointed to the Board of SBJ on 24th January 1994. Prior to his appointment in SBJ, he was the main partner of Syarikat Binajaya Enterprise since 1976. He is the main shareholder of the company by having 70% if the issued paid up capital of Company.  Mr. Tan Chee Lim SMK, aged 41, is the Director of the Company. He was appointed to the Board of SBJ on 20th December 1994. He is the eldest son of the Executive Chairman of SBJ and having 15% of the issued and paid-up capital of the Company.  Mr. Tan Wei Lim AK, aged 40, is the Director of the company. He was appointed the Board of SBJ on 31th May 1994. He is the second son of the Executive Chairman of SBJ and having 15% of the issued and paid-up capital in the Company. Mr. Tan Chee Seng, aged 33, is the Director of the company. He was appointed the Board of SBJ on 13th March 2006. He is the fourth son of the Executive Chairman of SBJ

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2.4 MANAGEMENT & EMPLOYEES MANAGEMENT  Mr Mat Zaki Yaacob, aged 50 is our General Manager. Prior to joining SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn Bhd, he was attached to few financial institution and housing development companies. He has wide experience in financial institution as well in construction line.  Madam Chang Yee Siew, aged 45, is the Personal Assistant/Secretary of the Company. Prior to joining SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn Bhd on 16 March 2005, she was attached with Am Finance Berhad for about 14 years.  Madam Owe Sok Wah, aged 46, is the account Executive of the Company. Prior to joining SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn Bhd on 2.3.1991, she was attached with various firm in Kota Bharu in charge of accounting Department.  Madam Angie Ng, aged 55, is the Sales Manager of the company. Prior to joining SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn Bhd on 16 September 2001, she was attached with Vimaco Enterprise Sdn Bhd for about 23 years. EMPLOYEES  As at 1st July 2010, SBJ has a total strength of 66 personnel including its Directors, all of whom are Malaysian citizens.

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2.5 COMPLETED PROJECT 1) Taman Sri Aril 

51 units single storey terrace houses on Lot Pt 54, 61, 66, 74, 76, 80-87, 89-96, 98-102, 105-106, 108-113, 118-122, 125, 127, 129-131, 134, 138-140, 144-146, 1 unit of single storey semi detached on lot 154 & 4 units single storey shop houses on lot 147, 151-153, Mukim Badak Mati, Daerah Banggu, Kota Bharu Kelantan.

2) Taman Murni 

11 units of abandoned shophouses (15% completed) at Mukim Beting District of Kota Bharu For RM1, 120,000.00 from Hj. Othman B. Abdul Razak.

3) Projek Desa SBJ Putra 

623 units of mixed residential which comprises of 26 units of Double Storey Shophouse (Type A), 26 units of Double Storey Terrace (Type B), 47 units of Double Storey Terrace (Type C), 152 units of Single Storey Terrace (Type D), 140 Units of Single Storey Terrace (Type E), 190 units of Single Storey Terrace (Type F – Low Cost), 27 units of Single Storey Terrace (Type K), 8 units of Double Storey Semi-Detached (Type L), 5 units of Double Storey Bungalow (Type M) on lot 691, 2214 & 2215 Mukim Pasir Pekan, Daerah Wakaf Bharu Kelantan ( Projek Desa SBJ Putra). Worth of RM50,000,000.00.

4) Taman Guchil Baru, Daerah Kubang Kerian 

18 units of single storey bungalow houses on lot Pt 913 to Pt 930, Section 52, Mukim Teluk Baru, Daerah Kubang Kerian, Bandar Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The sales of this project are RM2, 468,000.00.

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5) Taman Sabariah 

20 units of single storey terrace, 3 units of single storey semi-D and 2 units of double storey bungalow houses on lot 1746, 1748, 1750-1758, 1760, 1762-1771, 1773, 1775, 1777 & 1779 Mukim Beting Daerah Panji Kota Bharu worth RM2,073,000.00. The Certificate of Fitness (CF) was issued on 16/05/99.

6) Taman Jaya 

20 units of double storey terrace, 6 units of single storey terrace, 4 units of single storey semi-D, 4 units of double storey semi-D, 1 units of single storey bungalow and 4 units of double storey bungalow houses on lot worth RM5.025 million known as Taman Jaya.

7) Taman Pasir Permai 

45 units of single storey terrace and 9 units of double storey shophouses on lot 1851 to 1895 and lot 1896 to lot 1904 Mukim of Pasir Putih District of Limbongan known as Taman Pasir Permai. The total sales revenue under this project is RM3.2 Millions.

8) Desa Chendana, SBJ 

81 units of mixed residential houses (47 units single storey terrace, 13 units of double storey terrace, 13 units of single storey semi-D and 8 units of single storey bungalow on lot Pt 592 to Pt 672 Mukim Telok Daerah Panji known as Desa Chendana SBJ. The Sales from this project are RM7.3 Millions.

9) Desa Kujid Phase I 

28 units of single of single storey terrace and 24 units of double storey terrace on lot Pt 397 to Pt 411, Pt 426 to Pt 440 and Pt 472 to Pt 495 Mukim Telok Daerah Panji known as Desa Kujid Phase I worth RM5.1 Million and was complete in 1992.

10) Desa Kujid Phase II 

52 units of single terrace and 10 units of double strorey terrace on lot 505 Mukim Telok Panji Kota Bharu Kelantan also known as Desa Kujid Phase II worth RM2.4 Million and was complete in 1992. 12

11) Desa Kujid Phase III 

40 units of single storey terrace houses on lot Pt 227 to Pt 248 & Pt 246 & Pt 275 to Pt 294 Mukim Telok Panji also known as Desa Kujid Phase III worth RM2 Million.

12) Mukim Patek Daerah Kadok (Phase I) 

26 units of single storey terrace houses on lot Pt 141 to Pt 166 Mukim Patek Daerah Kadok (Phase I) worth RM739 Thousand.

13) Mukim Patek Daerah Kadok Kota Bharu 

6 units of bungalow (low cost) on lot Pt 167 to lot Pt 172 Mukim Patek Daerah Kadok Kota Bharu. Sale revenue of RM318 Thousand generated from this project.

14) Mukim Tanjung Chat Daerah Panji 

49 units of single storey terrace houses on lot 1237 to lot 1260 to lot 1286 Mukim Tanjung Chat Daerah Panji known as Desa Binajaya Phase I. Sales revenue under this project are RM2.5 Million.

15) Mukim Tanjung Chat Daerah Panji 

1 units of single storey bungalow and 4 units of single storey semi-D on lot Pt 875 to Pt 881 Mukim Tanjung Chat Daerah Panji worth RM470 Thousand.

16) Mukim Tanjung Chat 

22 units of single storey terrace houses on lot 1176 to lot 1179, lot 1232 to lot 1233, lot 1287 to lot 1300 and lot 1303 to lot 1304 Mukim Tanjung Chat known as Desa Binajaya II worth RM1.473 Million.

13

17)

CONDOMINIUM PERMAI  Proposed 72 units Project Condominium Permai at Jalan Kuala Krai, Kota Bharu, Kelantan.  PROJECT VALUE : RM 13.0 million  STATUS : Completed ( with CF)  COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT : Condominium

Unit,

Swimming

Pool,

Sauna/Squash/Gym/Play Ground 

18)

DEVELOPER : SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn. Bhd

TAMAN SRI IMAN  Proposed 276 Unit Project Taman Sri Iman at Mukim Telok Panji, Kota Bharu, Kelantan.  PROJECT VALUE : RM 42.0 million  STATUS : Completed  COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT : Single Storey Bungalow, 1½ Storey Bungalow, Double/ Single Storey Semi-D, Double/ Single Storey Terrace 

DEVELOPER : SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn. Bhd

14

19)

TAMAN DAMAI PERDANA  Proposed 86 Unit Project Taman Damai Perdana SBJ at Jalan Kuala Krai, Wakaf Che Yeh, Kota Bharu, Kelantan.  PROJECT VALUE : RM 32.0 million  STATUS : Completed  COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT : 3 Storey Shop- Office, Double/ Single Storey Bungalow, Double Storey Semi- D, Double 

DEVELOPER : SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn. Bhd

20)

CROWN GARDEN HOTEL 

Proposed 1 Unit of 7 Storey Hotel on Lot 140 & Pt 141, Seksyen 8 Bandar Kota Bharu, Kelantan.

 PROJECT VALUE : RM 15.0 million  STATUS : Complete (with CF)  COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT : 7 Storey Hotels  CLIENT :

Crown Garden Hotel (SBJ Hotel Sdn Bhd)

15

21)

TAMAN FIRDAUS (PHASE 1 & 2)  Proposed 230 Units Project Taman Firdaus SBJ at Mukim Telok, Daerah Kemumin, Jajahan Kota Bharu, Kelantan.  PROJECT VALUE : RM 5 million (Phase I) RM 16.4 million (Phase II)  STATUS : Complete (with CF)  COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT : Single Storey Terrace, Double Storey Terrace, Double Storey Bungalow, 2½ Storey Terrace, Double Storey Semi- D  DEVELOPER : SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn. Bhd

16

2.6 NEW PROJECT 1)

TAMAN IMAN JAYA  Proposed 134 Units Project Taman Iman Jaya at Wakaf Che Yeh, Mukim Pintu Geng, Seksyen 64, Daerah Kota Bharu, Jajahan Kota Bharu, Kelantan.  PROJECT VALUE : RM 35,000,000.00  STATUS : New Project – Coming soon  COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT : Double Storey Shop Office, Four Storey Shop Apartment (Medium Cost), 5 Storey Low Cost Apartment  DEVELOPER : SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn. Bhd

2)

BAYAN RESIDENCY  Proposed 80 Units Apartment at Seksyen 50,

Mukim

Bayang,

Daerah

Panji,

Jajahan Kota Bharu, Kelantan.  . PROJECT VALUE : RM 15,000,000.00  STATUS: New Project – Under Construction  COMPONENT OF THE PROJECT : Medium Cost Apartment  DEVELOPER : SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn. Bhd

17

2.7 OFFICE ORGANIZATION CHART

18

2.8 SITE ORGANIZATION CHART

2.9 PERIOD OF EMPLOYMENT The industrial training period is 10 weeks. The training started from the 9th of July 2012 to 16th September 2012. The working hour is starting 8.00 am to 5.00pm from Sunday to Thursday.

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3.0 NATURE OF APPOINTMENTS During my practical training, I had given the responsibility as a technical assistant by this company. My job is to supervise the progress of the Phase 3 and Phase 4 construction project which is still in the preliminary stage of construction. Other than that, I also do a clerk work for a while to substitute the site office clerk that is on leaving. I am dealing with the supplier of the material used at site such as sand and crusher run.

3.1 DETAILS OF JOB LOCATIONS Site Taman Firdaus SBJ, Seksyen 45, Mukim Telok, Daerah Panji & Daerah Kemumim, Jajahan Kota Bharu, Kelantan Darul Naim.

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3.2 DETAILS OF IMMEDIATE SUPERIOR NAME

: ROSDI BIN CHE BUSU

DATE OF BIRTH

: 7 FEB 1983

MARITAL STATUS

: SINGLE

POSITION

: SITE SUPERVISOR

COMPANY

: SBJ BINAJAYA DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD

WORKING STATUS : PERMANENT EMPLOYEE YEAR OF EXPERIENCE

: 2 YEARS

STUDY QUALIFICATION: 1) POLITEKNIK SHAH ALAM (SIJIL) 2) POLITEKNIK KOTA BHARU (DIPLOMA) WORKING EXPERIENCE : 1) EKO UNIUM SDN BHD 2) INTAN SURIA SDN BHD 3) UP POLIMER SDN BHD 4) SYIDEX COOPERATION SDN BHD PROJECT INVOLVED

: 1) QUEENSPARK SPORTZCITY AND BOULEVARD (SITE SUPERVISOR) 2) TAMAN FIRDAUS PHASE4 (SITE SUPERVISOR)

H/P

: 012-9849609

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3.3 PROJECT WHERE STUDENT DIRECTLY INVOLVED The construction project that I had only involved is the construction of residential housing for the Taman Firdaus Phase 3 and Phase 4. The project involves the construction of various type of terrace housing such as Single Storey, Double Storey, Bungalow and Semi-D houses. In Phase 3, the progress is construction of the finishing work, check defect and outstanding work, install cover drain, repair crack, and install fence and gate. Majority in Phase 4, the progress is construction of the footing, excavation, ground beam, column, roof beam and surveying.

22

CHAPTER 3: SUMMARY OF WEEKLY WEEK 1 (9 JULY 2012 – 12 JULY 2012) Briefing about project and study detail plan architect and plan structure. Block K: Excavation for base footing using backhoe. Filling sand for base footing and install formwork for footing. Compact sand and install plastic sheeting and install cover (50mm). Install reinforcement for footing and stump. Make formwork to beam and column. Size footing : i.

FT A – 900mm x 900mm

ii.

FT B – 1200mm x 1200mm (8Y12 B/W)

iii.

FT C – 1500mm x 1500mm (10Y12 B/W)

iv.

FT D – 1800mm x 1800mm (12Y12 B/W)

v.

FT E – 2100mm x 2100mm (14Y12 B/W)

(6Y12 B/W)

Block L: Open formwork for column and install new place column. Install reinforcement for column and concreting column (4 m3). Install formwork for roof beam and Install Toto ‘T’ (support roof beam). Block M: Check defect (crack) and outstanding work. Install drain 9 inch front building (repair). Block N: Repairing curve drain and drain to straight. Block J: Work to make side rail. Bungalow: Install main hole Infra: Fabricate formwork for cover drain and concrete precast cover drain.

23

WEEK 2 (15 JULY 2012 – 19 JULY 2012) Block K: Install reinforcement for footing and stump. Before concreting, check grid line (formwork and reinforcement). Calculating concrete for footing (70 m3). Concreting for footing and stump. Open formwork for footing and stump. Back filling earth to close base footing. Filling sand for base footing. Make formwork to beam and column. Slump test and cube test. Block L: Install formwork for roof beam and slab water tank. Install Toto ‘T’ (support roof beam). Fabricate reinforcement for roof beam and Install reinforcement for roof beam. Block M: Plastering curve drain at rear building and side left building. Block O: Check defect (crack) and outstanding work. Repairing drain 9 inch (front building). Plastering curve drain. Bungalow: Check frame size. Infra: Fabricate formwork for cover drain and concrete precast cover drain.

WEEK 3 (22 JULY 2012 – 26 JULY 2012) Block K: Fabricate reinforcement for footing and stump and then install reinforcement for footing and stump. Before concreting, check grid line (formwork and reinforcement). Install formwork stump and concreting stump. Concreting for footing (50m3). Open formwork for footing and stump. Back filling earth to close base footing. Block L: Install formwork for roof beam and slab water tank. Install Toto ‘T’ (support roof beam). Install reinforcement for roof beam and concreting for roof beam and slab water tank (12m3). Open formwork for column and install new place column. Excavation earth at rear building and install slab and then septic tank. Block M: Install sand and granite gravel in drain. Hacking curve man hole at rear building (repair). Install cover drain and cover man hole. Block O: Install cover drain. 24

Block N: Repairing drain end curve. Rendering apron slab at rear building. Check defect (crack) and outstanding work. Block H: Install formwork for footing and same level base with sand. Excavation earth and filling sand.

WEEK 4 (29 JULY 2012 – 2 AUGUST 2012) Block K: Back filling earth to close base footing. Block L: Open formwork for roof beam and install Toto ‘T’ (support roof beam). Fabricate reinforcement for roof beam and install for roof beam. Block M: Install naco mirror. Block O: Install aluminium door for window at water tank area and install naco mirror. Install cover drain. Block N: Install aluminium door for window at water tank area and install naco mirror. Plastering curb drain 9 inch at rear building. Rendering apron slab at rear building. Brickwork curb drain 9 inch. Block H: Install formwork for footing. Install reinforcement for footing and stump. Before concreting, check grid line reinforcement (spacing). Structural work checklist (pilecap and stump). Concreting for footing and stump. Open formwork for footing and stump. Filling sand for base foundation. Infra: Fabricate formwork for cover drain and concrete precast cover drain.

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WEEK 5 (5 AUGUST 2012 – 9 AUGUST 2012) Block L: Install formwork roof beam, porch car and slab water tank. Install Toto ‘T’ (support roof beam). Calculate brick for roof. Install reinforcement for roof beam, porch car and slab water tank. Install conduit cable electrical. Install support formwork for column and concreting column. Block M: Install covers drain. Plastering curbs drain 9 inch at rear building. Block N: Plastering curb drain 9 inch at rear building. Plastering man hole. Block H: Back filling sand for base foundation and same level with backhoe and lorry. Install formwork for ground beam. Fabricate reinforcement for ground beam and install for ground beam. Block I: Make side rail. Excavation for footing using backhoe. Bungalow: Calculate ceramic tiles. Infra: Fabricate formwork for cover drain and concrete precast cover drain. Install formwork culvert cross road ( block M and block O). Concrete connecting drain block M and block O.

WEEK 6 (12 AUGUST 2012 – 16 AUGUST 2012) Block L: Open formwork for column, porch car and roof beam and then mark level at column. Install Toto ‘T’ (support roof beam). Block M: Repair curve drain 9 inch at front building. Repair crack using L-crack filla. Install cover drain at right building. Plastering curve drain at rear building. Block N: Install cover man hole and repair man hole. Plastering curve main hole. Block H: Install reinforcement for ground beam. Install support formwork ground beam. Concreting ground beam (35m3). Test cube and slump test. Open formwork ground beam and clear formwork from ground beam.

26

Block I: Excavation for footing using backhoe. Filling sand for base footing and install formwork for footing. Block O: Repair wall crack. Bungalow: Plastering internal wall.

WEEK 7 (19 AUGUST 2012 – 23 AUGUST 2012) (AIDILFITRI HOLIDAY) Week 8 (26 AUGUST 2012 – 30 AUGUST 2012) Block L: Install formwork for roof beam, porch car and slab water tank and then install Toto ‘T’ (support roof beam). Install formwork column roof beam. Excavation earth at rear building and install slab and then septic tank. Filling water in septic tank to fix position of septic tank and land fill sand. Block M: Install cover drain at rear and front building. Plastering curve drain. Block N: Plastering curve drain at right and rear building. Install cover drain at rear building Block H: Open formwork for ground beam. Install piping waste drainage and water pipe at toilet and area base slab. Block I: Install formwork for footing and compact. Install plastic sheeting then cover (50mm) and install reinforcement footing and stump. Check grid line reinforcement (structural work checklist – pilecap and stump). Concreting for footing (70m3) - G25. Block O: Repair wall crack. Block K: Install sand to same level stump before install formwork ground beam. Block N, O and M: By using theodelite to marking point for separate building with another building.

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Week 9 (2 SEPTEMBER 2012 – 6 SETEMPEMBER 2012) Block L: Install formwork for roof beam, porch car and slab water tank and then install Toto ‘T’ (support roof beam). Install formwork for slab septic tank. Concreting roof beam, column roof beam and slab septic tank. Open formwork roof beam, column roof beam and slab septic tank. Block H: Open formwork for ground beam. Install piping waste drainage and water pipe at toilet and area base slab. Block I: Install reinforcement for footing and stump. Check grid line reinforcement (structural work checklist – pilecap and stump). Concreting for footing (70m3) - G25. Open formwork for footing and mark level stump. Concreting for stump (5m3). Block O: Concreting cover drain and hacking drain. Install gate. Block K: Install formwork for ground beam. Block M: Install cover drain at front building and concreting cover main drain. Plot 111 and plot 96: Make side rail and mark footing. Infra: Fabricate formwork for cover drain and concrete precast cover drain. Excavation earth and install pipe cable electrical (TELEKOM).

Week 10 (9 SEPTEMBER 2012 – 13 SEPTEMBER 2012) Block L: Install formwork for column roof beam. Brickwork wall above roof beam. Install steel mesh ‘exment’ every four brick layer. Block H: Make same level gravel slab ground beam. Compact gravel sand at slab using compact machine. Spray anti terminate. Install plastic sheeting and cover (50mm). Install BRC and concreting slab ground beam. Block I: Concreting stump. Back filling earth and sand to close base footing Block J: Install formwork for footing. 28

Block O: Install stick fence. Block K: Install formwork and reinforcement for ground beam. Install support formwork for ground beam and concreting ground beam. Open formwork for ground beam. Block N: Install gate (2 units). Plot 96: Excavation footing and install plastic sheeting and cover (50mm). Install reinforcement for footing and concreting for footing and stump. Water Tank: Pilling driving record (24m). Size 150mm x 150mm. Infra: Fabricate formwork for cover drain and concrete precast cover drain.

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CHAPTER 4 : TECHNICAL REPORT 4.1 METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION 4.1.1 EARTH WORK When one project being introduced, first of all works for construction thus absolutely will concern with the earth work. Needless to say, earth work therefore was one of the most important criteria in construction. However, before any earth work being carried up, one research named Site Investigation(SI) which then determine how the earth work being carried up, need to be launched first. Normally, Site Investigation will carry up by a group of Geologies specialist. Through this research, we thus have can have the adequate information for site assessment, safe and economical designs of temporary and permanent works. We too, can have the adequate information in planning and assessment of the best method of construction, foresee construction difficulties and finding ways to mitigate the problem that might delay the construction and installation. Thus, it then wills easier us to make the choice of site and layout arrangement. Besides, before any site clearing work started, a group of land surveyor will appoint to check for the level of the proposed site area, marked it and lastly came out with the plan which its level was refer the TBM nearby. Only after these entire tasks, a contractor can launch their site clearing job according to the plan. In this case, different plant will be use for different condition, but somehow, excavator still was the best choice in most condition as it can change the condition of earth surface in very short period. In most case, stripping of top soil and filled back with approved soil need to be done too if the level of stiff soil only can obtain far from the top surface of earth.

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In this case, all backfilling need to be done in layers according to specification and programmed. For the backfilling work where was around the structure, all debris prior to excavation need to be clear and all excess water had to pumped out first before any backfilling work can start. The suitable soil which mean the soil which free from organic matter and construction rubble then will be transport to site and spread and leveled into loose layer by a combination of backhoe, backpusher and man power. The soil thus will compact by either plate compactor or small double drum roller depending upon the working room available. The thickness of the loose layer will vary from 100mm to 200mm depending on the type of plant used. For the backfilling work done in open areas, the process will same as above going on but for this time, 10 tonne single drum roller had being chosen when doing soil compaction. The thickness of each loose layers however, can maximum to 250mm. For ground beam construction, the soil below it need to be well compacted, backfilled with suitable material and lastly a layer of crusher run need to be laid before any construction work can start. Of course, to determine the degree of compaction (DOC) can achieve the specified value, a test named Field Density Test(FDI) need to be done on both layer of backfilled material and crusher run. This method will then same applied in construction of non-suspend slab. While for suspend slab, however, test needless to be done on both layer of backfilled. It is because all the loading later from slab will be transfer ad resist by beam which it’s loading do not supported by ground. Generally, in the process of soil compaction, test just as I mention above, Field Density Test (FDI) need to be done and passed on each well-compacted loose layer before backfill of next layer can going on. Normally, achievements of 95% compaction need to be reach in order to have next layer of soil backfill and compaction. Well, in order to know the bearing capacity of new backfilled soil before any construction work started, Mackintosh Probe Test had to be carry out. This test somehow will discuss further in following section. Earth work cannot consider be finish unless all the excavation, cut and filled work had finished.

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4.1.2 MACKINTOSH PROBE TEST 4.1.2.1 General The main objective of this test to be carried out was to determine the bearing capacity of the soil to withstand the loading and thus deciding either the use of deep foundation or shallow foundation technology. This test however too, can give us the approximate deep of foundation need to be achieved in order to withstand the applied load. 4.1.2.2 Apparatus The apparatus of this test consists of fix important elements which are cone penetrometer, coupling, drive head, 5 kg drop hammer ad stop which all sit on guide rod. Each guide rod has diameter of 12,,, with 120cm long and having the marks which each of them has different distance of 300mm. 4.1.2.3 Method This test was started with raising and then releasing of the 5 kg drop hammer which sit on one end of the rod from specified height, 280mm after cone penetrometer at the other end of guide rod had pointed to proposed test location. The process of raising and releasing of drop hammer will repeat and the number of blow will record as the guide rod had immersed every 300mm. This test will end as if it had achieved its maximum blow which decided by consultant with three times continuously for following every 300mm.

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4.1.3 SAND REPLACEMENT TEST 4.1.3.1 General As we know, Sand Replacement Test was one of the Field Density Test, which used for determining the degree of compaction for one compacted soil layer. This test too, can obtain the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OPC) of the sample and thus can achieve for maximum degree of compaction with known quantity of water being used when doing soil layer compaction. As mention above, normally the minimum degree of compaction need to be achieved was 95% for each layer. 4.1.3.2 Apparatus Filled calibrated sand density funnel cylinder, base plate with density ring, beg plastic, hammer, calibrated sand and ladle.

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4.1.3.3 Method This test was begun with the selecting sample and put sample at base plate on it. Then, the worker starts to dig the density hole with 100mm depth using the hammer and chisels through density ring on base plate. The sample which had taken out from density hole by ladle then being placed into the bed plastic for bringing back to lab for further testing. At the same time, one of worker at other side started to fill the calibrated sand into the cylinder and its initial weight being recorded. That cylinder thus later wills being placed on the base plate when the required depth for density hole had achieved. Cylinder only will be removed and its final weight recorded after the density hole fulfilled with calibrated sand. Levels the top surface of the density hole and the extra calibrated sand will take out by another ladle into another beg plastic. The beg plastic which with sample must be tied and sealed to avoid evaporation of water from sample. The degree of compaction (DOC) only will be know after a set of calculation using data taken from sample.

4.1.4 ANTI TERMITE 4.1.4.1 General Only for the area where below the building slabs, a layer of anti terminate need to be sprayed after a series of earth work and before any construction of structure going on. In this project, spraying of chosen Chlorpyrifos Ai 38.7% on anti termite pest control system had been applied to prevent infestation of termite into building. Besides, this pest control system needed too, applied on excavated earth surface prior to laying of sewer pipes and constructing manholes. All operators had to wear full PPE with the additional equipment of mount & nose filter, safety goggles, gloves and with nearby first aid case stand by. At the same time, no other people are to be within 5m of where the work is carried out.

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4.1.4.2 Work sequence flow Inspect area to be sprayed.

Mix sufficient chemical for the area.

Spray area.

Protect area from elements.

To lean concrete area sprayed.

Issue warranty when work complete.

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4.2 STRUCTURE WORKS 4.2.1 DAMP PROVE MEMBRANE After a layer anti termite had sprayed, one layer of damp prove membrane will be laid. This layer of membrane can have high pressure stability. It is highly resistant to water, alkalies, saline solutions and an organic acids and is not affected by mineral. It is also resistant to bacteria, fungi and other small organisms. But these all advantages too, depend on type and brand of membrane had being used. Its main objective was to prevent rising of oil, salts, acids etc from ground and thus cause the problem of annoying discolouration to surface plaster on decorations which not acceptable in living or storage accommodation.

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4.2.2 FORMWORK 4.2.2.1 General Part of the formwork for structure will started once fresh lean concrete had hardened. While remaining part of the formwork will be done once all reinforcement bars had installed. The formwork being used here were either plywood or steel metal faced was depending on the formwork design or where the structural member is in the building, and to the required final finish of the concrete, depending on the respective classes of finish (F1 and F2) as stated in Specifications. According to contract, formwork for class F1 finish shall be constructed of timber, sheet metal or any suitable materials, which will prevent loss of grout when the concrete is vibrated. While for formwork class F2 finish, it shall be faced with wrought tongued and grooved boards or plywood or metal panels arranged in a uniform approved pattern free from defects likely to detract from the appearance of the surface. In general, all formwork for square or rectangular column and beam needed been plywood faced, timber backed and tied and strutted. While for circular column, will be custom made by metal steel circular moulds tied, strutted and fixed. 4.2.2.2 Formwork Construction The construction of the formwork must at the correct position shape, profile and dimensions as design and approved by the consultant. It need carried out according to the requirements of the contract specification and drawings. The timber quality for the formwork should be free from eyes and knots. At the same time, the timber quality need be well seasoned. Formwork need to have included all temporary or construction required for their support. It held together by ties either internally or externally suing a “tie” & “cone” (form-tie) system. Where required ties will permanently being placed in concrete and the tie holes will be repaired/filled with non shrink grout accordance with the manufacturers and as per approval by E. R.

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The formwork was then ensured to be sufficiently rigid and tight to prevent loss of grout or mortal from the concrete at all stages of constructions and to maintain the forms in their correct position, shape, profile and dimensions. Form ties, of course needed to be inspected and approved b E.R before use for construction. For embedded items in walls such as dowel bars, pipes and cast in bolts, will have their positions marked on the formwork walls. Embedded item that protrude vertically from the structure will be held in position by additional timber struts or plates placed on the top of surface of the formwork. These struts or plate will act as a template for which the anchor bolts or embedded items will be secured to prior to casting. Prior to casting a survey check will be made on the built in items to make sure that they are in the correct position and elevation.

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4.2.2.3 Formwork Cleaning Before concreting, all forms need to have thoroughly cleaned out, free from sawdust, expect for permanent formwork be coated with approved non-staining form oil (usually black motor oil being used or compressed air or both when doing formwork cleaning. The type of treatment of any lining (plywood, metal, plastic, etc) of the forms need to be appropriated to the concrete finish required. At the same time, void formers must be secured and adequately anchored to prevent movement or flotation outside the limits specified, during the concreting operation. Formwork needed to be removed carefully so as not to damage the concrete. The awareness and agreement from S.O and site supervisor are needed when doing formwork stripping. No further loads can imposed to the structure until the concrete have attained sufficient strength to safety withstand such loads. In this case, the minimum periods between concreting and the removal forms need as per J.K.R Specification (Please refer to table below). Vertical faces of beams, wall columns, piles, 3 days foundation plinth and precast item. Under of slabs

14 days

Under of beams

28 days (minimum 21 days)

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4.2.3 STEEL REINFORCEMENT 4.2.3.1 General Normally, reinforcement work still starts as soon as lean concrete had hardened. But, before reinforcement being transport to site, it should under run a series of testing and approved by client. Reinforcement need to be placed and maintained in positions indicated in the drawing, to the required tolerances. According to the contract, all reinforcements binding wire were No. 16 gauge (0.16mm) son annealed iron wire to B.S. 1052 unless otherwise specified in drawing. All reinforcement needed stored in clean and dry conditions. Of course, when placed in the works, it shall be clean and free from loose rust, mill scale, oil, grease, paint and dirt. And all materials in his project are complying with the following requirements. 1. Hot Rolled Mild Steel and High Yield Bars to M. S. 146. 2. Cold Worked Steel Bars to B.S. 4461 3. Hard Drawn Mild Steel Wire to M.S. 144. 4. Steel Fabrics Reinforcement to M.S. 145. 5. Dowel Bars shall be plain round Bars to M.S. 146.

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4.2.3.2 Cutting and bending of Reinforcement Bars shall be of their correct lengths and bent to the exact shapes required before being fixed in the works. It shall out or bent cold on bar bending machine or bar cutting machine according to the length specified in drawing. Sometimes, the angle of bar bent would play the important role too especially when working with slope.

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4.2.3.3 Fixing of reinforcement Reinforcement need be secured against displacement. In a member where the nominal cover is dimensions to the links, spacer between the links and formwork need be the same dimension as the nominal cover. At the same time, all intersecting bars need be tied together with binding wires by using wire bender and the ends of the wire need turned into the main body of the concrete. Stirrups and distance pieces need be kept tight to the bars they embrace or support and all reinforcement need be kept away from the face of the concrete. “Ghaul” in construction site term which as in the “L” shape had been used when bending two or more reinforcement bar at the same time. The usage of this equipment really can boost up the reinforcement bending work if compare with usage of pliers. 4.2.3.4 Splicing Any laps and joints including bars, sleeving, threading and other mechanical connection need be made strictly in accordance with the drawings and specification and method approved by the S.O. Normally, the length of laps joint required in this project was 45 multiply to its diameter.

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4.2.3.5 Supporting Spacer Blocks In this project, supporting spacer blocks required for correctly positioned will be 50mm X 50mm in plan size and thickness in accordance with the required cover. Soft annealed tying wire will be placed in the spacer block. Spacer blocks will be made from the same grade concrete used in the works. For the supporting between two layer of reinforcement especially in slab, bar chair was needed with which bend by bar bending machine with its height in accordance with the drawing.

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4.2.3.6 Inspection Criteria The following instructions are serving as a guide for inspection for reinforcement but it is not exhaustive: A) Using of the following or specification to inspect the following items:o Number, sizes, spacing and type (low yield or high tensile of main and secondary bars). o Anchorage and lap length. o Location of lap. o Concrete covers to slab, beams, and columns. o Span of mesh main cross wire on the right side up and in the correct direction. o Number, sizes and type of links and stirrups. B) The following items are a guide for checking beam reinforcement. o The main bars shall not be sagging. o Spacer bars need to provide between main and secondary bars as required. o Longitudinal and transverse beams are to span in the correct direction with the secondary beam bottom rebar resting on the main beam bottom rebar. o Sufficient cover between reinforcement and box out or other devices used for forming openings to avoid exposure of steel upon stripping of box out. C) The followings items are a guide for checking slab reinforcement. o Mesh needed laid to structural fall for roof slabs, if indicated in drawing. o Mesh need laid at the correct level. o Bar chair used to support top mesh for the specified slab thickness is not too far apart or the mesh may sag. o Lapping of mesh is usually not allowed at beam for top mesh and at mid span of slab for bottom mesh. D) The following items are a guide in checking column and wall reinforcement. o Starter bars need to be installed for columns of which the sizes are reduced. o Lapping length needed be sufficient for starter bars. o All starter bars shall be endured that it have been tied in the correct location prior to concreting. 47

4.2.4 CONCRETING 4.2.4.1 General Normally, concrete are supply directly from batching plants. In this project, due to large amount of concrete needed from time to time, one batching plant which belonged to own company been near the construction site. Concrete which made from Portland Cement is somehow most widely used as a construction material nowadays because of its many favorable characteristics. For concrete, in general the aggregate shall comprise both fine and coarse aggregate where the maximum of the coarse aggregate shall be 20mm. the cement content shall not be below the minimum specified for the grade of concrete where as the maximum free water/cement ratio shall be the maximum water/cement ratio when the aggregate is saturated but surface dry. In addition, the mixes shall be designed to produce targeted mean concrete cube strength at 28 days after manufacture and shall be greater than the characteristics strength at 28 days by a margin of at least 7 N/mm2. Before any concreting, the proposed design mix of all grades of concrete to be used for the project is to be submitted by the concrete supplier to the design engineer for approval. Trail mix can be carried out after the approval and the design engineer has granted permission. Trial mixes for all relevant grades of concrete shall be produced and tested on accordance with the method described on BS 1881. The test cube samples obtained from the trial mix shall be tested for 7 days and 28 days strength before the concrete can be used for site casting. The grade of concrete used later on site must as specified as drawing and shall be conform to the requirements of the contract specification. The following instruction and codes serve as guide for the control of concrete quality but is not exhaustive: o BS 146

Portland Cement.

o BS 882

Specification for aggregate from natural resources for concrete.

o BS 5328

Methods for specifying concrete, including ready-mixed concrete.

o BS 1881

Methods of testing concrete.

o BS 812

Grading of fine and coarse aggregate.

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4.2.4.2 Placing of Concrete As just when ready-mixed concrete had arrived to site, the first two things must do on concrete was slump test and sampling for cube test. But before that, the grades of the concrete need to be check on the delivery order as if it is the grade which we order. As if in theory, the concrete slumps for each truck shall be checked within the tolerance failing with the concrete shall be rejected. But somehow, in practical, slump test did not done on each truck, it done more on to randomly selected truck. As in believe that batching plant can mixed concrete very well and precisely, it is practical too by applying this concept. For all concrete incorporated in the works each batch will be placed and compacted within 2 hours of adding the cement to the dry aggregates and within 45 minutes (or any other period time as approved by S.O if admixture is used) of adding water to the cement and aggregate.

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When preparing for concreting, all formwork and reinforcement will be clean and free from standing water immediately before the placing of concrete. Formwork surface is to be sprayed wet. Sometime, some cement will pour on standing water if those standing water are less in quality and hardly can remove. Concreting shall be carried out between and up to predetermined construction joints in one sequence of operation. Compaction will be achieved by internal mechanical vibrations (unless otherwise agreed before hand) and shall be thoroughly worked into the comers. In the event of unavoidable stoppage in position nor predetermined, the concreting shall be terminated on a horizontal plane and against vertical surfaces by the use of stopping off boards at a location agreed by the S.O. concrete shall be deposited in horizontal layers to a compacted depth not exceeding 450mm. The surface of the concrete will be maintained reasonably level during concreting. Concrete will be transport to the formwork generally by one of the following methods: a) By crane and skip. A suitable sized crane which normally was 25T for mobile crane with a bottom opening concrete skip will life the skip from the point of discharge of the concrete mixer truck to the location to be poured, whereupon the concretors will discharge the concrete into the formwork. Normally, the angel of swing for crane, the length from point concrete collected from mixer to concrete discharge point and skilled or the concretors will greatly influent the speed of concreting. For information, there are two type of skip which are usually used in concreting. The one which was most frequently being used have volume around 0.345m3 while the other one which only used when need to discharge a large amount of concrete and only can used on 45T crane to other more bigger crane around 0.5m3. b) By Pump. A suitable concrete pump will be used to pump the concrete from the point of delivery of the concrete mixer trucks by means of the appropriate concrete pump hydraulic booms and in static rigid and flexible hoses to the point of discharge, in the formwork. But normally, the slump value of this type of concrete will rather high, around 170-200mm.

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c) By bucket. Sometime, excavator or backhoe can use to discharge the concrete too. But in condition, their bucket must free from dust and was clean enough. Applying of excavator or backhoe in discharging concrete not only can save the cost for crane rent, but also can accelerate the concreting work since excavator or backhoe can work faster than crane. But this method only can apply if amount of concrete to be discharge are small.

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When concreting, concrete shall not be dropped into place from height exceeding 1.5m to avoid any segregation of concrete. For formwork higher than 1.5m, a chute or flexible tremie pipe system will be used down through the formwork so that the concrete is not dropped more than 1.5m. As the concrete level rises during the pour the tremie pipe system will raised accordingly and finally discarded when the concrete will drop is less than 1.5m. Sometimes, for construction of the column which always higher than 1.5m, several time of concrete casting may needed as if tremie pipe system hardly can use. Besides, one more method also can be applied when concreting column which had more than 1.5m height in which for this case temporary holes for discharging concrete into the formwork will be form on column formwork with condition, the height from ground to formation level of that holes cannot exceed 1.5m. That holes will then be sealed when concrete had achieve the formation level of holes and concreting will then continue discharge from top of the formwork with condition not exceeded 1.5m height. A steel fixer will be available at the site of reinforced works during the placing of concrete to reposition concrete works during the placing of concrete to reposition any reinforcement, which may be displayed. No concrete shall be placed in flowing or under water. Besides, the concrete needed to be placed direct in the position in which it remain and must not allowed to flow along the form especially using a vibrator to spread concrete over a larger area. Vertical and horizontal rate of placing concrete which will cause lateral pressure also need to controlled to avoid unbalanced loading on form. The vibration and shock of arising from the movement shall be minimized in which the consistency of the concrete have to be matched. In other word, the poker vibrator at vibration of 4000 to 7000 cycles per minute is to be applied at 0.5m to 1m centers for 5 to 30 seconds, depending on the consistency of the mix, for stiffer mixes up to 1 minute may be required. While using the poker vibrator, it is encourage that gradually withdrawal of the poker at rate of about 80mm per second so that the hole left by the vibrator closes fully without air trapped. The vibrator shall be immersed through the entire depth of the freshly deposited concrete and into the later below if it still plastic or can brought again to the plastic condition. With a lift of about 0.5m, the vibrator may not be fully effective in expelling air from the lower part of the layer.

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Lastly, the formwork needs to be checked during and after concreting to detect abnormal deflections or signs failure. Any spillage found must be cleared up before concrete had hardened. 4.2.4.3 Temperature Requirements During hot weather, additional precautions shall be taken to prevent premature setting and loss of water during placing of concrete in the formwork. These precautions shall include: o No concrete having an internal temperature exceeding 33°C will be placed. o Concrete shall not be placed in formwork or around reinforcement whose temperature exceed 36°C. o Newly placed concrete will be protected from direct sunlight and from loss of moisture by covering and shading. o No concrete will be placed when the air temperature at the points of deposition exceeds 36°C. 4.2.4.4 Protection of New Concrete All concrete work will be protected from damage by shocks, overloading, falling earth or flowing water. 4.2.4.5 Curing Exposed concrete surfaces will be protected from the sun and rain after pouring by plastic sheets. The concrete will be kept continuously damp by covering with continually wet Hessian bags, or will have water impounded on them for not less than 5 days. Generally, the common methods for curing can applied are: 1. Maintaining formwork in place. 2. Covering the surface with an impermeable material such as polyethylene, which is to be well sealed and fastened. 3. Spraying the surface with an efficient curing membrane. 4. Covering the surface with damp absorbent material. 5. By continuously or frequently application of water to the surface of the concrete.

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4.2.4.6 Kiker Kiker is one of the important elements on constructions which applied on base of column. The purpose of this kiker to be formed was to act as guide to the sizes of column which will need to construct later. Its too, used to support the formwork for column and fixed it to specified sizes. Kiker also can let concrete will not leek out through base of the formwork of column when concreting later. Kiker is formed in square and constructed by 2” x 1” timber. The size of kiker was depend on the size of column. Generally, kikers will concrete along with beam and its also can use concrete which mixed by hand.

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4.2.5 SLUMP TEST Slump test is one of the important concrete test which need to do on site for every time of concrete delivering. The purpose of doing this test was to determine the slump of plastic concrete. Slump test too, can determine the workability of work. The concrete which do not have the proper slump value will be rejected. Generally, the value of slump is around 75mm and has the tolerances which depend on the grade of concrete. In this project, grade concrete of 35 was being use on reinforcement concrete work. Thus it has the tolerances value of ±25mm. In other case, such as for pump able concrete, it will have the higher value of slump which wills then up to 200mm. Generally, the equipment of this test are slump mold, tamping rod (5/8-in diameter) and shovel. And its method will just as following:1. Start the test within 5 min, after obtaining the final portion of the composite sample. 2. Dampen the mold and place it on a flat moist pan. 3. Hold the mold firmly in place during filling ( by standing on the two foot pieces). 4. Fill the mold in three layers, each approximately one-third the volume of the mold. 5. Rod each layer with 25 strokes of the tamping rod. In filling and rodding the top layer. Heap the concrete above the mold before rodding is started. 6. Strike off the surface by screeding and a rolling motion of the tamping rod. 7. Remove the mold immediately by raising it in a vertical direction. ( The entire test, from the start of the filling through removal of the mold, should be completed within 2½ min). 8. Place the empty mold (upside down) adjacent to the concrete sample and measure the vertical differences between the top of the mold and the displaced original center of the top surface of the specimen. And this is the slump value.

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4.2.6 CUBE TEST Cube test, also so call compression test is also an important test which always launched along with slump test. But its result only can obtain after 7 days and 28 days. The purpose of this test being carried up is to determine whether the concrete can achieve the minimum target strength in 28 days or not. In other words, concrete will need to hack and remove or doing repairing works as if compressive test and coring test for concrete had failed. As for information, coring test for concrete only will be done as if cube test for structure concrete had failed. Generally, three cubes shall be made from a single sample from randomly selected batch of concrete. One test cube from each sample shall be tested for the 7 days compressive strength of the sample. The sample shall be taken at the point of discharge from the delivery vehicle. All cubes shall be clearly marked with undeletable paint with date of casting and serial number relating to the part of the work from which they are taken. Technically, the methods of this compressive test are as just following: 1. Prepare three moulds of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm. 2. Thinly coat the interior surfaces of the assembled mould with mould oil to prevent adhesion of concrete. 3. Fill each mould with three layers of concrete, tamp each layer 35 times with a 25mm square steel rod. 4. Finish the top surface with a trowel and record the date of manufacturing on the surface of the concrete. 5. Store the cube undisturbed for 24 hours at a temperature of 18 to 22°C and a relative humidity of not less than 90%. To ensure this condition cover the concrete with wet gunny sacks. 6. After 24 hours, strip the mould and cure the cubes further by immersing them in water at temperature 19 to 21°C until the testing date. 7. Test the cube at the age of 7 days. 8. Position the cube in the compressive machine with the cast faces in contact with the platens. 9. Apply the load at the rate of 15 MN/m2/min. 58

10. Record the maximum load to the nearest 0.5 N/mm2. 11. Repeat the steps 8,9 and 10 at age 28 days for the remaining two cubes.

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4.3

ARCHITECTURES WORK

4.3.1 GENERAL The structure works for one building can consider finish after all beam, slab, concrete wall, column and stair concreting work had done. So, the following works which then involved most on architecture will more focus on the work inside the building. Architecture works will play the important role as it will determine the final appearance of the inside or outside of building. 4.3.2 BRICK LAYING As we know, wall can divided into load bearing wall and non bearing wall. But most of the time, brick somehow is still the most common material being applied no matter on load bearing wall or non load bearing wall due to its good fire resistance, highly compressive strength and economical. Before brick can be used on wall construction, there are two thing need to take into our precaution, the test for brick and the condition of brick. As just brick being delivering to site, it thus needs go through one simple test to determine whether the brick had enough strength or not. Although this test is simple enough but it is very important and those delivered brick will be rejected once if test had failed. This test started with placing of one brick vertically on ground. Then, take again another brick vertically by hand and let it drop freely upon the brick which placed on ground. This test soon will consider fail if got any one or both of those bricks had break after the test. Another thing which we also need to take into precaution on brick as I had mentioned above is its moisture content. Before brick can be used on wall construction, it need immersed into the water for a night and make sure it had achieve Surface Dry (SSD) condition. Through this, it thus can minimize the cracking plastering later.

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When doing brick laying, one brick wall can’t stand alone with more than 3m height and 4m width. Lintol need to construct for every 3m height of brick wall and stiffener need to supply for every 4m width of brick wall. Through lintol and stiffener, one brick wall will have more strength and will not easily being collapse. For the brick wall which sit on the ground slab or ground beam, a layer of damp prove membrane which coated with a layer of bitumen oil was needed at the base of the brick wall before wall was constructed. It used to avoid the uplift of moisture from slab to wall in future and then thus discoloring of wall in consequent. Besides, to have brick wall more static and rigid, thus some reinforcement needed applied between brick and also between brick and column. Mesh needed to be laid between brick for every four layer of brick while reinforcement bar which provided from column are also at every four layer of brick. Mortal is used as binder between brick in all case. After brick wall have constructed, it is time for let its having plaster to have better appearance. As same in brick laying, mortal still is the only and important material in completing this job. Generally, perfect plastering work will completed with three stages, base coat, secondary coat and finally, finishing coat. But somehow, still have contractor they done only in two coats, in which its base coat done same along with secondary coat and lastly finishing coat. This however, wills having many cracking plastering as the result. Moreover, some of this plaster will easily peel off pierces by pierces in future. For good practical, the second coat of plastering only can be done after one week of base coat being plaster. To make surface became more adhesive to plaster, some concrete surface may need being roughen before plastering for base coat. Besides, for brick wall those was too dry, it needed to wetted before plastering to minimize the cracking of plaster. Of course, each base layer needed to wet before having next layer of plaster.

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For base coat and secondary, cement mortal which mixed up with cement and wash sand will be used. For finishing coat, StoGrout which special ordered had been used in this project for better and smooth finishing surface. Sometime, a layer of skin coat will apply on finishing coat as if no painting on finishing surface. Actually, before plastering, there got leveling job need to do with in which they will mark the thickness of plaster need to be done later. So that, workers will know the thickness of plastering they need to do with. Usually, they will mark with several small square of cement mortal plastered on wall with smooth, specified thickness and flat surface. These all mark will then need inspected and approved by consultant before any plastering job can start. 4.3.3 BRICK LAYING PROCESS: 1. Yarn used to mark the brick ties. 2. Threads are nailed on the bottom floor and pulled the last thread on the measurements set with attached nails as reinforcement. 3. Brick bond is beginning work with bitumen casting horizontally by brick place later built. 4. Damp-proof layer is cut and placed on natural bitumen. 5. By using a spatula hands, bencuhan mortar will be paved over damp proofing layer. 6. Bricks are arranged lengthwise starting from the top last mortar. Connections between brick by brick pasted some brick mortar as binder. 7. Use string as an aid for the production of a truly wall straight horizontally or vertically. 8. Steel nets 'exment' installed every 4 brick layer that serves as a strengthening and consolidating the bond brick itself.

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4.3.4 WORK PLASTERING WALL Plastering work will be made when the work was completed bond brick work with. Here are the steps beginning plastering: 1. Cement used was ordinary Portland type that complies with British Standard BS 12. 2. Facilitator materials mixed together blended mortar mix.

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4.4

PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED AND HOW OVERCOME IT During the two months through SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn. Bhd. company for

industrial training, there are a number of problems faced by the company to complete the construction on time expected. The problem that occurs is due to the negligence of workers emphasizing important aspects during the construction process is made. In the absence of controlling and repair of the problem, the construction process for housing projects might be stunted and the problem is compounded. There are some list of problem encountered and the way they tackle that problem I had observe during my practical at the site project of the Taman Firdaus (Phase 3 and Phase 4). 1. Rain water in a foundation pit. -

There is rain falls right after the installation of the formwork and steel reinforcement for footing has been made. So the rain water keep collected in the foundation pits. Because of the humid weather that water takes time to dry. For further footing concreting as follow the project planning, that water was been pump out of the pits by using water pump. That water was been discharge to other places so that it will not bother the process of concreting.

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2. Mobile crane is not sufficient for concreting process -

This problem involves the inefficient company’s management who took care this facility. When there is no mobile crane at the site, the concreting process has been retarded for a while. The project progress will not follow the project schedule and out of track. To solve this problem, the sub-contractor have rent the mobile crane with the other company and the project back to the normal.

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3. Wall cracking at newly completing Single Storey Terrace House (Block M, N and O) -

When carried out the wall defect, I had observe many defect occur such as wall and floor cracking, improper installation of the window and door frame and so on. But the major defect is wall cracking. This happen because of low of workmanship quality among the workers. To solve this, the company has ordered 3 workers to plastering that crack. Plastering crack using L-Crack Filla.

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4. The incorrect position of manhole (Block M) -

Another case of low workmanship quality is the incorrect position of manhole at the back of the Block M. This incorrect position was not followed the guideline of Manual Saliran Mesra Alam (MSMA). So to pass the MSMA quality check, that manhole has been hack and construct it back at the correct position as in the architectural drawing.

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CHAPTER 5 : FINDING AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1

EXPERIENCE GAINED

After through 10 weeks of challenging Industrial Training, a lot of experience I had gained at SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn. Bhd. company. Such precious experiences consist of: i.

How to read a drawing plan. Since I had been exposed by this company to supervise the progress of the project at Taman Firdaus, I need to study in details the architect and structural drawing at first to know all the measurement that has been propose by an engineer.

ii.

Learn the way how to do technical test. During my industrial training at this site, I was given the opportunity such as to fabricate the steel reinforcement for footing, carry out slump test and cube test for the ready mix concrete. This opportunity gives me a lot of beneficial knowledge that I can applied to my career as a Civil Engineer soon.

iii.

Learn how to making an inspections. While walk around to see the project running, sometimes I and my practical partners doing an inspections for some civil structure such as footing. By doing this I had learned the right way how to measure the position of the civil structure whether it is follow the drawing plan or not.

iv.

Learn how to communicate with people from the various ranks. Last but not least, I can improve my communication skills through the industrial training; the communication with the staffs, persons from other high and low department and with the community is one of the important skills that an engineer should have acquire. After eight weeks of training, I’ve found myself are ready to face the real civil engineering world soon.

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5.2

RECOMMENDATION After through the challenges in completing the two months of the industrial training, I

had observed that there is some deficiency about this training. I would like to put some forward suggestion to Civil Engineering Faculty to modify some aspect so that industrial training students do not feel burden to do the training successfully. First of all I would like to suggest that the duration for the industrial training should be extended to longer duration. It is because students usually used first month of training duration to get to know the staff at the company and they still in the process to adapt theirself with the working environment. Moreover students also will not gain much experience at their practical company because of their short time industrial training. On my view, the suitable duration for student completing the industrial training is one semester. Although one semester duration equal to six month, I think five month is enough. The other remaining one month should be a break for us, so that we can finish our industrial training report during that time. Secondly, I am not satisfied with the arrangement of the date of starting and finishing the industrial training. The both starting and finishing date are much closed to the other semester session. My last examination paper for semester six was on 7/7/2012, while the industrial starts on 9/9/2012. I need to rush packing my stuff to get back to my hometown at Kelantan and the day after that my training was start. After that, the finishing date is also closed to the date of the new semester session. This training was finish on 9/9/2012, while the class starts on 10/9/2012. This situation gives us some burden because we don’t have enough time to take some rest. I hope that the Civil Engineering Faculty will rearrange the timeline for us to complete the training without feel overloaded. Last but not least, I want to suggest that our faculty should provide pocket money to the students who doing the industrial training. This is because most of the company at Kelantan who doesn’t give an allowances to the students. Including me and my practical partners .As we all know, normally the students already spend all their money loan at the end of the semester. So that the student are lacking of pocket money to go the industrial training. I think RM100 per month is enough to support our budget that will be spend for meals and transportation.

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CHAPTER 6 : CONCLUSION As the conclusion, the Industrial Training such as at SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn. Bhd. is very appropriate for those who are interested to undergo the challenges at the real world of construction site. By undergoing industrial training there, I gained a lot of experience and new knowledge. This industrial training will assist students to become more inspired to do our final year project in university. This gives an advantage to the student because they had experience in applying what they have learned. The most important benefit for a company is that it can use Industrial Training as the platform in recruiting graduate engineers. Students who have a positive experience with a company will be more likely to apply for a job there once they graduate, while the employers have an opportunity to follow the development and assess the professional qualities of a number of candidates who have worked in the company before offering a permanent position to the most suitable candidate. So I will get big chances to get a job in this company compare to other applicants to fulfill the job vacancies. In simple word, this industrial training had given me a lot of knowledge and new experiences towards my work after I finish my study afterwards. The valuable eight weeks of training was very meant to me as I had exposed to the real civil engineering works like preparing the reports, go to inspections, conducting the workers, and make order for construction materials. With the guidance from the site supervisor, I have learned many new technologies applied at the site that I can’t be found in the formal lectures at the university. With those experiences, I can share with my friends about new technologies in Malaysia. Last but not least, I can improve my communication skills through the industrial training; the communication with the staffs, persons from other department and with the community as this is one of the important skills an engineer have to acquire. After eight weeks of training, I’ve found myself are ready to face the real civil engineering world soon.

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CHAPTER 6.1: REFERENCES

1. Definition of Foundation, http://www.civilengineeringterms.com/civil-engg-constructionand-graphics/definition-of-foundation-purpose-of-foundation/ (26 August 2012). 2. Damp

Proof

Membrane,

http://www.sooperarticles.com/home-improvement-

articles/remodeling-articles/damp-proof-membrane-how-can-help-you-1018543.html (26 August 2012). 3. SBJ Binajaya Development Sdn Bhd book profile. 4. Log book Industrial training student handbook.

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CHAPTER 6.2: APPENDICES STEP CONNECTING WATER PIPE

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ANOTHER WORK AT SITE

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