Heiser presentation Evolution, Plate Tectonics and NGSS.pdf

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Evolution, Geology and the Next Generation Science Standards iDigPaleo Resource Development Workshop Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History July 20-21, 2015

Evolution-related standards 3-LS3-1. Variation exists in a group of similar organisms. 3-LS4-1. Fossils provide evidence of organisms and their past environments. MS-LS4-1. Fossils (patterns in the fossil record) document evolution. MS-LS4-2. Anatomical similarities and differences between modern and fossil organisms helps infer evolutionary relationships. HS-LS4-1. Common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence. HS-LS4-5. Changes in environmental may result in the emergence of new species over time and the extinction of other species.

Microevolution vs. Macroevolution • shorter time scales • within a species

• longer time scales • at or above species level

A Short Review of Microevolution

Microevolution Changes in gene/allele frequencies that occur within a population over time Four processes: • Mutation • Genetic Drift • Gene Flow • Natural Selection

VARIATION! (discrete vs. continuous traits)

Deer mice Peppered Moths

Macroevolution changes that occur at or above the level of species, on geological time scales

Macroevolutionary Processes • Speciation • Adaptive radiations (e.g., the Cambrian Explosion) • Convergent/divergent evolution • Changes in biodiversity through time • Extinction (including mass extinction events)

(allopatric) speciation

adaptive radiation

convergent evolution

extinction

Evolution Resources Online • http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php • http://archive.peabody.yale.edu/exhibits/treeoflife /index.html

Geology-related standards 4-ESS1-1. Fossils in rock layers can reveal changes in a landscape over time. MS-ESS1-4. Fossils help us organize and understand Earth’s history. MS-ESS2-3. The distribution of fossils can provide evidence of past plate motions. HS-ESS2-7. Geoscience factors control the evolution of life, which in turn continuously alters Earth’s surface.

plate tectonics