Going DEEPER: Artificial Evolution in materio Julian F. Miller and Simon L. Harding School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT {J.Miller, S.L.Harding}@cs.bham.ac.uk
We discuss the view that material systems become more evolvable when there is a rich and varied embedded physics that can be exploited by the evolutionary process. In the research field of Evolvable Hardware researchers are using artificial evolution to construct electronic or electrical circuits. Generally they employ programmable circuits called Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) for digital circuits and purpose built reconfigurable arrays of analog components often referred to as Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA). Some researchers are using computers to 'wire-up' arrays of reed switches to perform as novel antennas. When actual circuits (rather than simulations) are evolved and tested the process is called intrinsic evolution. The FPGAs are designed as digitally reconfigurable devices: clean response, sharpness of switching signals. We argue that it is improbable that devices that man has designed for conventional electronic design are the most suitable platform for intrinsic evolution. One of the most outstanding results in this field was the discovery by Thompson [1] that when certain FPGAs were subjected to a process of intrinsic evolution (to create a square-wave frequency discriminator circuit) the evolved circuit was exploiting the resident physics of the device. Natural evolution has been building biological systems of exquisite complexity for millenia. It has been doing this at a molecular level. A research project called DEEPER aims to use artificial evolution to discover its own problem specific relevance criteria and to create electrical/electronic "circuits" at a molecular level using novel materials not normally associated with electronic circuits. Essentially the project is attempting to use artificial intrinsic evolution to configure materials directly for some useful purpose and it aims to see if artificial evolution can create entirely new technologies i.e. transistor-less circuits for sophisticated technological applications. Such direct physical exploitation may be useful in the construction of novel sensors or novel information processing systems. In the latter case the materials that are expected to be evolvable are likely to be mesotropic (existing in two or more phases) and whose physical properties can be controlled by a small applied voltage. We discuss some practical suggestions and candidate materials. [1] A. Thompson. "An evolved circuit, intrinsic in silicon, entwined with physics", in T. Higuch, M. Iwata, W. Liu (eds.), Proc. of The 1st Int. Conf. on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware, LNCS, vol. 1259, Springer-Verlag, pp. 390 - 405, 1997
Going DEEPER: Artificial Evolution in materio - Semantic Scholar
Hardware researchers are using artificial evolution to construct electronic or electrical ... electronic design are the most suitable platform for intrinsic evolution.
We discuss the view that material systems become more evolvable when there is a rich and varied embedded physics that can be exploited by the evolutionary ...
amphiphilic molecules: molecules with a hydrophobic part (water insoluble) .... control, control of a cyclotron beam [48], models of biological systems (in- ..... [38] Wright, P.V., Chambers, B., Barnes, A., Lees, K., Despotakis, A.: Progress in smar
The manipulation of a physical system by computer controlled .... other types. 46. Twisted nematic LC Display ... of eight points (or not connected - left to float).
The largest conference on evolutionary computation called GECCO has an annual session .... In 1996 Adrian Thompson started what we might call the modern era of evo- lution in ..... a current source to the other end of the bridge. Figure 2.
we demonstrate that it is also possible to evolve logic gates in liquid crystal. ..... It is possible that the liquid crystal has some sort of memory of previous ...
Department of Computer and Information Sciences. Temple University .... In the following, such a system is introduced. ..... rewritten as one of the following inheritance statements: ..... goal is a matter of degree, partially indicated by the utilit
flexible, and can use the other techniques as tools to solve concrete problems. ..... value in an idealized situation, so as to provide a foundation for the inference.
as the media for problem solving. However .... Evolvatron also has digital and analog I/O, and can be used to provide .... signal injection / monitoring. Three of the ...
Nov 17, 2006 - computer, and the set of differential equations and boundary conditions that ... Of course we cannot directly program the molecular dy- namics and we do not have ... tionary programming in an FPGA was described by [10] and [11]. ... be
3Physical Sciences Inc Andover, MA 01810, USA. E-mail: [email protected]. Received: August 10, 2007. Accepted: August 20, 2007. We describe several techniques for using bulk matter for special purpose computation. In each case it is necessary to us
the Internet via a wireless wide area network (WWAN) in- ... Such multi-path striping engine have been investigated to ... sions the hybrid ARQ/FEC algorithm, optimizing delivery on ..... search through all possible evolution paths is infeasible.
execution of the striping algorithm given stationary network statistics. In Section ... packet with di must be delivered by time di or it expires and becomes useless.
network [8]. ~V. R. R. C. G. Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit for LC. Figure 1 shows the equivalent electrical circuit for liquid crystal between two electrodes when an AC ...
(even in the 1000-class ILSVRC subset) as shown in Fig- ure 1. The other drawback of ... of filter-level sparsity, as suggested by the theory, but ex- ploits our current .... receptive field in our network is 224Ã224 in the RGB color space with zero
[email protected] e e4@163. .... too much control, we add the input value rin(t)'s squire in ..... http://www.engin.umich.edu/group/ctm /PID/PID.html, 2005.
[email protected] e e4@163. .... too much control, we add the input value rin(t)'s squire in ..... http://www.engin.umich.edu/group/ctm /PID/PID.html, 2005.
should it take an infinite amount of logic to figure out what one tiny piece of ..... represented as a 16-bit integer, the 65536 possible values map to the voltage.
LC is used to encode the weights in a neural network [3]. ~V. R. R. C. G. Figure 1. Equivalent circuit for LC. Figure 1 shows the equivalent electrical circuit for liq-.
Nov 17, 2006 - In summary, we have shown that we can use evolution to ..... spin state it acts essentially as a single giant classical spin system. Their quantum ...
Evolutionary algorithms are abstract formalisations of natural processes. In a sense they have been removed from their natural context and transplanted into the ...
the intuition of multi-scale processing. ... data sources were used, for example, by the top entries ... view the Inception model as a logical culmination of [12].
to program the substrate on which the computation is to take place. In addition ..... This is the highest voltage that TTL logic will register ... Miller suggested a good candidate for evolution in materio would ..... Magnetic domain âtransfer func