Crew Experience at the “Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station” During the 2003 Field Season Dr. Jan Osburg
[email protected] http://www.janosburg.net Mars Society Georgia Chapter Atlanta, Georgia, USA International Conference on Environmental Systems 2004 http://www.janosburg.net
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Outline ! Introduction " Analog research program objectives " Station design, location and operations " 2003 mission and crew
! Lessons learned " " " " "
General observations EVAs and exploration Habitability and HF Medical issues Engineering
! Conclusions
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Mars Analog Stations Program ! The Mars Society has built a number of Mars-analog stations in remote environments: " Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station, FMARS (2001) " Mars Desert Research Station, MDRS (2002) " European Mars Analog Research Station, EuroMARS (2005?)
! These stations will be operating for several more years ! Crews are volunteers with suitable professional and personal backgrounds ! “Mission Control” is performed by volunteers at Mars Society headquarters or Mars Society state chapters
Crew Experience at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station
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Mars Analog Stations Research Objective ! To provide an integrated simulation environment for testing and improving all human-related elements of a future Mars surface base: " Habitat external and internal design " Life support and communications technology " Mission support " Operational guidelines and organization
! Lessons learned by the crews living and working at those stations have the potential to benefit the first astronauts on Mars
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Elle sme re
FMARS Location
Greenland
Devon Resolute Bay (YRB) Ba ffin
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Floor Plan: Lower Deck
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Floor Plan: Upper Deck
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FMARS 2003 Mission Objectives ! Operations: " How can the crew maximize exploration and science accomplishments give limited resources? " How can the crew best use the expensive and limited satellite communications services?
! Human Factors: " How does station design influence crew productivity? How can it be improved? " How does the crew‘s cognitive ability develop?
! Biology: " What local organisms can be cultured from the soil? Can they be used to produce new antibiotics?
! Outreach " Generate newspaper and web reports and pictures " Establish Ham Radio contacts (call sign: KI4AGQ/VE8) " Do interviews with TV and radio stations
Crew Experience at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station
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FMARS Equipment (Sample) ! Science
! Exploration
" Microscope
" Mars suit simulators
" Autoclave
" All-Terrain Vehicles
" Bio/chem/geo lab supplies
" GPS
! Power
" Polar bear safety gear
" Diesel generator, 7 kW
! Crew and support systems
" Disposable batteries for handheld equipment
" Laptops, printer, LAN
! Communications
" Computer projector " Maps
" INMARSAT Storm (data)
" Toolkit
" Iridium (emergency voice)
" Duct tape
" Amateur radio (outreach) " FRS FM handhelds (EVA)
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FMARS 2003 Mission Timeline ! July 4: Crew arrives in Ottawa, Canada ! July 5: Crew travels to Resolute Bay ! July 6: Crew starts transfer to FMARS ! July 9 to 30: Full-scale simulation (crew “in sim”) ! July 30: Crew transfers back to Resolute Bay ! August 2: Crew travels back to Ottawa ! August 3: Crew arrives home
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FMARS 2003 Daily Life (Typical) ! Full crew:
! EVA team:
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0700 – 0800: wake, wash, breakfast
"
0900 – 1000: EVA prep
"
0800 – 0900: planning, briefing
"
1000 – 1800: EVA
"
0900 – 1800: EVA or IVA
"
1800 – 1900: post-EVA, debriefing
"
0900 – 1100: Hab maintenance
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1900 – 2030: dinner & cleanup
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1100 – 1200: lunch prep
"
2030 – 2200: report writing, research
"
1200 – 1300: lunch & cleanup
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2200 – 2300: pre-sleep, maintenance
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1300 – 1700: research, report writing
"
2300 – 0700: sleep
"
1700 – 1800: Hab maintenance, dinner prep
! Lunch and particularly dinner were welcome group activities
! IVA team:
! Housekeeping chores were rotated: "
Generator/water team, 2 crew (weekly)
"
Galley operations, 2 crew (daily)
"
General housekeeping, 1 crew (daily)
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FMARS 2003 Exploration Accomplishments ! Campaign to the Coast " Initial main objective of FMARS 2003 exploration activities " Staged approach: two “scout” EVAs of increasing distance before final push to FMARS Fjord 15 km to the North " More than doubled “furthest North” distance
! Expanding South " Encouraged by success of Campaign to the Coast " More than doubled “furthest South” distance
! Going West " Step towards exploring all cardinal directions " More than doubled “furthest West” distance
! Exploring the East " Benefited from experience with navigation and reading the land gained from previous long-range EVAs " More than quintupled “furthest East” distance Crew Experience at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station
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FMARS 2003 Exploration Accomplishments Furthest North: UTM 16 X E 424446 N 8387350
FMARS Fjord
Furthest South: UTM 16 X E 422933 N 8358961 Furthest West: UTM 15 X E 578507 N 8373883
Target Hill Peter’s Peak
FMARS 75 ° N, 90° W
Furthest East: UTM 16 X E 435035 N 8377633
South Point
10 km
FMARS 2002 “furthest” waypoints Crew Experience at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station
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Lessons learned ! General observations ! EVAs and exploration ! Habitability and HF ! Medical issues ! Engineering
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General Observations ! “Mission Control” becomes “Mission Support” ! Once the simulation phase is underway, crewmembers’ focus will be on day-to-day activities; time flies ! Crew needs to document workarounds and fixes for future use ! Chores, reporting and maintenance take up half the manpower ! Married couple on crew worked out very well
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EVAs and Exploration ! Crew must learn to read the land for efficient navigation ! Naming landmarks helps communication and motivation ! Major force multipliers: " Unpressurized ATV-style rovers " Electronic navigation and GIS
! Ability to scale near-vertical rock faces is needed ! EVAs are a near-daily event that dominates timeline ! Regular occasion to leave confines of hab boosts crew morale
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Habitability and HF ! FMARS design is very supportive of crew needs " Domed ceiling on upper floor provides both storage and visual spaciousness " Functional areas separated and arranged well
! EVA area must be large and allow for real exploration and discovery by crew ! HF testing seen as chore " Computer-based cognitive testing (cf. SAE-2004-01-2586, Human Factors session, Thu. 1330h) " Habitability questionnaires
! Stations enable HF researchers to gather first-hand data by participating in simulation as crewmembers
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Medical and Safety Issues ! Infectious respiratory disease contained through countermeasures ! Folding stretcher for transporting suited-up crewmember designed, built from available materials, and tested ! Improvised CPR mannequin for refresher training ! Local issues: " Medevac " Polar Bears
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Engineering ! Equipment was put to the test in unexpected ways ! Open systems allow improvised mix-and-match on site ! Dust contamination of suit and hab interior seems unavoidable ! ATVs should accommodate two crewmembers for contingencies, and have “follow me” mode ! Main airlock to double as garage for ATV maintenance ! EVA suit legs need heavy-duty replaceable protection (chaps) due to amount and nature of physical activities ! EVA suit gloves benefit from simple actuator tips
Crew Experience at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station
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Conclusions ! Planetary-base analog simulation facilities enable requirements analysis, testing and lessons-learned for disciplines related to human space flight: " Architecture " Engineering " Operations " Human Factors
! Mars Society stations already provide several years’ experience at volunteer/budget level ! New space exploration policy will benefit from nextgeneration simulation facilities
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Additional Slides
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FMARS 2003 Crew
Dr. Steve McDaniel CDR/BIO
Jody Tinsley XO/GEO
Ella Carlsson ENG
April Childress LOG/PAO
Peter Lee BIO/MED
Dr. Jan Osburg HF/COM/NAV/ENG
Digby Tarvin IT/ENG
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FMARS Interior (1)
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FMARS Interior (2)
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Cognitive Performance Test Screenshots Match-to-Sample
Code Substitution
Math Crew Experience at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station
Details: see Osburg/Sipes SAE-2004-01-2586 Human Factors session, Thursday 1330h
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Human Factors Research Questionnaire
PIs: Constance Adams,
[email protected] Jennifer Blume,
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“Network Enabling Device”
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EVA Glove Actuator
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Polar Bear Countermeasures Training
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Inside vs. Outside
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Midnight Sun
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Sampling
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Onwards – Upwards!
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Rappelling
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Vertical Ascent
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Art Inspiring Life
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STS-107 Columbia Memorial
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