Final Report End line Survey on the Radio Program – Bini Shutor Mala Under the project Nirapod-Saving Women from Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe MR
Supported by
Submitted To:
Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC) House # 13/3 (3rd Floor), Road # 02, Shamoli, Dhaka-1207.
Funded by:
Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Submitted By: Mohammad Kamruzzaman
January, 2015
Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. i Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1
Background of the project ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1.1
Main objective of the project .......................................................................................... 1
1.1.2
Specific Objectives ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1.3
Outcomes ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.2
Objective of the Survey........................................................................................................... 2
1.3
Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1
Study Area ...................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.2
Study Approach............................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 2: Findings ................................................................................................................................. 3 2.1
Basic Demographics of the Respondents ................................................................................ 3
2.2
Information as a Listener of Community Radio ..................................................................... 3
2.3
Preference about the Radio Program ...................................................................................... 5
2.3
Knowledge about Child Marriage ........................................................................................... 6
2.5
Knowledge about health rights ............................................................................................... 7
2.6
Knowledge about HIV/AIDS .................................................................................................. 9
2.7
Knowledge about Adolescence Reproductive Health and Puberty ....................................... 11
2.8
Knowledge about STI/STDs ................................................................................................. 13
2.9
Knowledge about Adolescent friendly health care services.................................................. 14
2.10
Obstacles to get health services ............................................................................................ 15
Chapter 3: Conclusion and Recommendations ..................................................................................... 21
List of Tables Table 1 Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Their Demographics Characteristics ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Table 2: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents source of known about Community Radio ......... 3 Table 3 Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Preference of Programs by Radio Channels ................................................................................................................................. 5 Table 4: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by the programs they want to listen by Radio Channels ................................................................................................................................. 5 Table 5: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by Knowledge about Child Marriage by Radio Channels (Need to check data and change the knowledge level of CM)................................ 6 Table 6: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Perception on the Preventive Measure of child Marriage by Radio Channels ......................................................................................... 7 Table 7: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about the mode of transmission of HIV and AIDS by Radio Channels ............................................................... 9 Table 8: Percentage distribution of the respondents based on their knowledge about protective measures against HIV and AIDS .......................................................................................... 11 Table 9: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about the Physical changes in Adolescence by Radio Channels ...................................................................................... 11 Table 10: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about the Mental Changes in Adolescence by Radio Channels ...................................................................................... 12 Table 11: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their perception about the care during menstruation by Radio Channel............................................................................................ 12 Table 12: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about Transmission of Sexual Diseases .................................................................................................................... 14 Table 13: Knowledge about prevention from STD ............................................................................... 14 Table 14: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about Adolescent friendly health care services by Radio Channel ................................................................................. 14 Table 15: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by the Obstacles of Receiving Service ........... 15 Table 16: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by Reason for listing Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio................................................................................................................................ 16 Table 17: Liking part of the Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio ....................................................... 16 Table 18: Positive opinion from respondents on Bini Shutor Mala ...................................................... 17 Table 19: Preferred Information sources on Health Related issues ...................................................... 18 Table 20: Effectiveness of the Bini Shutor Mala Program ................................................................... 19 Table 21: More information what to get from Bini Shutor Mala Program ........................................... 19 Table 22: Suggestion to make Bini Shutor Mala more effective .......................................................... 20
List of Figures
Figure 1: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents known Community Radio ............................... 4 Figure 2: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their frequency of listen to the radio programs by Radio Channels ................................................................................................ 4 Figure 3: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their participation at Radio Program .......... 5 Figure 4: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their knowledge about the way to prevent Child Marriage ...................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 5: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about Health Rights by Radio Channels ..................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 6: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their initiative against violation of Health Rights by Radio Channels .................................................................................................... 8 Figure 7: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by the knowledge about Help Line by Radio Channels................................................................................................................................ 9 Figure 8: Percentage distribution of the respondents by their knowledge about transmission of HIV and AIDS .............................................................................................................................. 9 Figure 9: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about prevention of HIV and AIDS by Radio Channels ............................................................................................. 10 Figure 10 Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about the Physical changes in Adolescence ...................................................................................................... 11 Figure 11 Source of knowledge about adolescent reproductive health and puberty ........................... 13 Figure 12: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about Sexual Diseases .. 13 Figure 13: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Experience of Problems to Receive Health Care Services by Radio Channel ............................................................................. 15 Figure 14: Listing habit of Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio ......................................................... 16 Figure 15: Reasons for Liking the part of the Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio ............................ 17 Figure 16: Negative opinion from respondents on Bini Shutor Mala ................................................... 17 Figure 17: Reasons for Preferred Information sources ......................................................................... 18 Figure 18: Negative opinion from respondents on Bini Shutor Mala ................................................... 19
Executive Summary Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC) has been implementing a short term project– Bini Shutor Mala under the project Nirapod-Saving Women from Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe MR. Main objective of the project is to improve Sexual and Reproductive health status of young people of Bangladesh and to popularize the project activities Nationwide. To assess the program result and progress (pre and post) of the status of FP (Family Planning), ASRHR (Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Rights), VAW (Violence Against Women), RBA (Right Based Approach) and MR (Menstrual Regularities) of selected CR Station a baseline survey had been conducted with the listeners of community radio stations broadcasting area prior to the start of the project. The study was conducted in the 7 areas where seven (7) Community Radio Stations directly broadcasted the project will be implemented. Primary data had been collected using the quantitative data collection approach of face-to-face interview with 105 community people covering the areas in 7 radio channels (15 each). Average age of the respondents was just above 18 during the survey among the respondents both married and unmarried male and female from different occupation. All of the respondents from endline and from baseline seventy eight percent are aware about the community radio activity through different sources highest by radio people (34.3%), relatives (31.4%). Form the listener entertains or magazine type programs are the highest and health (26%), educational programs (21%). All of the respondents from endline and from baseline around 68% of the respondents know about the child marriage and 77% are not aware about the punishment of child marriage. Prevention way of child marriage 85% suggested to raising awareness to prevent child marriage and increasing access to education 50%. All of the respondents from endline and from baseline knowledge about the Help Line is also found poor 8%. Among all the respondents none can correctly answered all modes of transmission and way of transmission of HIV/AIDS. Comprehensive knowledge is essential to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS is found absent in the area and recommended as the area of concentration for the intervention. All of the respondents from endline and from baseline knowledge about the physical changes in adolescent period physical growth 83%, and the mental changes in adolescence period 58% “Feeling Confused”. During menstruation 61% mentioned self-cleanliness and 52% of the respondents said about using sanitary pad/dry and clean cloth or tissue. All of the respondents from endline and from baseline about STDs/STIs, 58% of them aware about sexual diseases and mode of transmission and 55% mentioned about unsafe sexual activities 32.4% followed by unsafe blood transfusion 31.4% sharing Middles and Syringe 24.8%. Almost all of the respondents from endline and from baseline around 28% claimed that they experienced some kind of problem to avail the health care services half of them mentioned reasons of obstacles to getting the health services feeling shame or was afraid to take the services they need. Compare to baseline and endline findings it is reviles that Bini of the baseline survey BTL communication of Community Radio activity in the community to increase awareness about Community Radio, participatory programs – Quiz competition and/or Reality shows to increase regular listenership, ensure the message should be developed considering the entertainment first, broadcasting programs related with the child marriage and consequences could be a good initiative to prevent child marriage in the community, communication regarding the help line could be done through the radio channels as well, comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and other STDs/STIs ground absent among the respondents. It is found that ‘Bini Shutor Mala’ community radio program is an effective medium to easily accessible to community people for increasing their knowledge, awareness, perception and attitudes on Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe MR. i
Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1
Background of the project
Survey on the Radio Program – Bini Shutor Mala under the project Nirapod-Saving Women from Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe MR of Marie Stopes was established in April 2000 as per Article 19 charter of UN bill of rights and registered as trust in the Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. BNNRC is an NGO in Special Consultative Status with the UN Economic and Social Council from 2010. The organization is promoting the advocacy with the government in relations to community radio with other organizations since its emergence from 2000. BNNRC has been addressing the community radio and community TV access issue for over a decade, helping to bridge the information gap of rural Bangladesh. Presently BNNRC has been implementing a short term project Named "NIRAPOD-Saving Women from Unwanted Pregnancy and Unsafe MR"- Supported by: Marie Stopes Bangladesh. 1.1.1
Main objective of the project
To improve Sexual and Reproductive health status of young people of Bangladesh and to popularize the project activities Nationwide. 1.1.2
Specific Objectives
The specific objective of the project is: 1. To create awareness amongst the young community people to help them having answers for their day to day quarries on FP (Family Planning), ASRHR (Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Rights), VAW (Violence Against Women), RBA (Right Based Approach), and MR (Menstrual Regularities). 2. To ensure the best use of resource. 3. To reach to the maximum community People with the massages in an innovative and interesting way. 4. Health Right establishment of Listeners. 1.1.3
Outcomes
The outcomes of the project are: 1. 80% of the community people are well – aware about FP (Family Planning), ASRHR (Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Rights), VAW (Violence Against Women), RBA (Right Based Approach) and Safe MR (Menstrual Regularities) 2. 80% of the community people are motivated to choose the safe path for having a safe and planned reproductive life. 3. The community people feel free to share their Reproductive and Sexual health related issues with the right service providers.
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1.2
Objective of the Survey
The objective of the survey is to assess the status of the listeners of community radio stations broadcasting area prior to the start of the project and completion of the project in the field of FP (Family Planning), ASRHR (Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Rights), VAW (Violence Against Women), RBA (Right Based Approach), and MR (Menstrual Regularities) of selected CR Station broadcasting areas before starting the project activities and after completion the project activities.
1.3
Methodology
1.3.1
Study Area
The study was conducted in the 7 areas where the project will be implemented. The project activities (Radio Program) will be directly broadcasted by seven (7) Community Radio Stations i.e., Radio Padma (Rajshahi), Radio Nalta (Kaligonj, Satkhira), Radio Sagar Giri (Sitakunda, Chittagong), Radio Jhenuk (Jhinidah), Radio Naf (Teknaf, Cox's bazar), Radio Bikrampur (Munshigonj) and Borendro Radio (Naongaon). 1.3.2
Study Approach
Primary data had been collected using the quantitative data collection approach of face-toface interview with the community people covering the 7 intervention area. The sample size of the study was 105, which was equally distributed in 7 intervention area by radio channels. Following is the distribution of sample of the study: Radio Channels
Baseline Endline sample sample Radio Padma 15 15 Radio Nalta 15 15 Radio Sagar Giri 15 15 Radio Jhenuk 15 15 Radio Naf 15 15 Radio Bikrampur 15 15 Borendro Radio 15 15 Total 105 105 All seven have been covered by the study and the interviews took place in the catchment areas of the project. Seven catchment areas of the 7 upazillas were considered as the study area. Operational definition of the catchment area was finalized in consultation with BNNRC. Considering the population size, the catchment areas were divided into blocks. Each block contained 100-120 households. One block from each area was selected randomly. After selecting the PSUs, one staring point (SP) was selected for the ease of operation and allocation of job among the interviewers. Each alternative household were selected from the SPs. In the last stage, 15 respondents were selected from each catchment area from the randomly selected households.
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Chapter 2: Findings 2.1
Basic Demographics of the Respondents
Average age of the respondents was just above 18 during the survey. The age of the respondents was high in the Radio Padma and Radio Naf areas (20) and lower Radio Bikrampur area (15). Among the respondents, 57% (baseline) 56% (endline) was female and 43% (baseline) 44% (endline) were male and 18% (baseline) 19% (endline) of them were married and 82% (baseline) 81% (endline) were unmarried. Table 1 Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Their Demographics Characteristics Indicators
Total B E
Padma B E
Average Age (in 18.5 18.4 20 years) Sex of respondents Male 43 44 53 Female 57 56 47 Marital status of respondents Married 18 19 Unmarried 82 81 100 N 105 105 15
2.2
Nalta B E
20
Sagar Giri B E
18.4 18.4
19
Jhenuk B E
Naf
18.4 18.9 18.9
B
E
Bikrampur Borendro B E B E
20
20
15.1 15.1 17.9 17.9
53 47
60 40
60 40
34 66
40 60
60 40
60 40
34 66
33 67
20 80
20 80
40 60
40 60
100 15
33 67 15
33 67 15
100 15
7 93 15
27 73 15
27 73 15
47 53 15
47 53 15
7 93 15
7 93 15
20 80 15
13 87 15
Information as a Listener of Community Radio
Seventy eight percent of the respondents are aware about the community radio activity at their area during baseline study whereas 100% of the respondents aware about the community radio in endline. About the source of awareness, 34% (baseline) 41% (endline) said that they have learned that from the radio people, 31% (baseline) 29% (endline) said that thy heard from relatives, 6% (baseline) 15% (endline) hard from neighbor 11% (baseline and endline) from the market place 7% (baseline) 5% (endline) from community radio poster and leaflet. Table 2: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents source of known about Community Radio Option
Total B E 34 41 31 29 6 15 11 11
Through radio people From relatives From neighbor From market place From the poster and 7 leaflet Not applicable 22 N 105
Padma B E 53 53 20 20 7 7 20 20
Nalta B E 33 33 40 33 13 14 20 14
Sagar Giri B E 73 32 27 18 0 7 13 25
5
0
-
7
5
27
105
0 15
15
13 15
15
0 15
Jhenuk B E 7 33 40 38 7 10 7 5
B 13 0 0 7
Naf E 50 23 23 3
Bikrampur B E 33 41 53 47 0 6 7 6
Borendro B E 27 43 40 29 13 24 7 5
18
13
5
0
-
0
-
0
-
15
27 15
15
87 15
15
7 15
15
20 15
15
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Figure 1: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents known Community Radio
*Multiple Responses Therefore, the main identified sources are – the activity from the people working in radio, relatives, local markets and from the poster and leaflets which is disseminated by the community radio. Frequency of listen to the radio programs Frequency of listening regularly of radio program in baseline 37% which is increased in endline 53.3% the same scenario seems in irregular listenership 55% in baseline and 46.7% endline. The respondents said that 92% of them are listening to radio and only 7.6% did not listen to radio. While they were questioned about the frequency of their listening, 37.1% said that they used to listening radio programs regularly. However, the rest 55.2% said that they used to listen to the programs infrequently. Figure 2: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their frequency of listen to the radio programs by Radio Channels
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2.3
Preference about the Radio Program
The respondents were then asked about the programs they like. Seventeen percent of the respondents in endline mentioned Bini Shutor Mala as their preferred radio program as well as most of the respondents said that they like the programs that entertains or magazine type programs in baseline (38%) and in endline (13%) followed by Songs (25% baseline and 10% endline), Health related Programs (24% baseline 6% endline), Educational Programs (20% baseline and 7% endline) and News (19% baseline and 7% endline). Table 3 Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Preference of Programs by Radio Channels Option Bini Shutor Mala Entertainment/ magazine program Song Health program Educational program News N
Total B E 17
Padma B E 1
Nalta B E 1
Sagar Giri B E 3
38
13
40
2
20
1
53
26 24 20 19 105
10 6 7 7 105
53 67 15
3 4 15
60 67 47 7 15
4 3 3 0.4 15
13 40 73 7 15
Jhenuk B E 2
B -
Naf E 4
Bikrampur B E 4
Borendro B E 3
2
40
2
27
1
7
0.4
80
4
2 3 15
13 20 13 15
1 1 0.4 15
7 7 15
0.4 0.4 15
33 40 7 15
3 1 0.4 15
7 47 15
0.4 3 15
*Multiple Responses. ** Top 5 Programs they want to listen by Radio Channels Answering the question about the programs they want to listen from the community Radio, the respondents also mentioned a long list of program names and type. Following is the top 5 list of the programs they want to hear from community radio. From the list it was found that they generally want listen entertainment programs. Table 4: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by the programs they want to listen by Radio Channels Option Cine Bangla Rajshahi Express Friends circle Entertainment/ magazine program Agricultural program News Drama N
Total B E 30 24 23 18 21 17
Padma B E 47 5 7 1 13 2
Nalta B E 40 6 60 9 7 1
Sagar Giri B E 27 0 33 0 27 0
Jhenuk B E 20 3 47 7 67 10
15
14
47
7
20
3
13
1
-
15 105
22 11 10 105
15
0 2 7 15
7 15
1 2 0 15
15
7 1 0 15
60 15
Naf
Bikrampur B E 27 4 0 20 3
Borendro B E 47 7 7 1 13 2
B 7 -
E 0 1 0
0
27
4
-
0
-
0
9 3 0 15
7 15
1 4 2 15
15
0 0 0 15
33 15
5 0 1 15
*Multiple Responses. ** Top 5 While asking their preference of their program, the respondents answered a long list of program and program names. Respondents ever participated in any radio program Ever participation in radio program is increased (around 22% in baseline and 35% in endline). Participation rate is higher among the audience of Radio Sagar Giri in endline 93%. At the same time, 93% of the Naf respondent never attends in any program in radio.
Figure 3: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their participation at Radio Program
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2.3
Knowledge about Child Marriage
In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage for a Male is 21 years and for Female 18 years. Marriage before that age is called child marriage. It was found that knows about the child marriage is higher in endline compare to baseline (68% baseline, 100% endline). However, the knowledge about the punishment of child marriage also higher in endline is 81% and baseline is 33%. Table 5: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by Knowledge about Child Marriage by Radio Channels (Need to check data and change the knowledge level of CM) Option Knows about Child Marriage Knows about the Punishment N
Total B E
Padma B E
Nalta B E
Sagar Giri B E
Jhenuk B E
B
Naf E
Bikrampur B E
Borendro B E
68
100
93
100
73
100
80
100
73
100
87
100
13
100
53
100
33
81
67
100
53
87
13
100
33
87
20
87
7
40
40
67
105
105
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
The respondents were also asked about the way of prevention about the child marriage. In response, in baseline 85% and endline 96% of them said that making people aware about the issue is the key to prevent child marriage, raising awareness of guardian about the bad effect child marriage (baseline 56% and endline 70%), increasing the access to education (51%baseline and endline 79%). Figure 4: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their knowledge about the way to prevent Child Marriage
Similar findings had been observed in the different areas of the study. However, as to prevent child marriage, comprehensive knowledge is required; the programs of the channels need to be focused on every mode of prevention. Page | 6
Table 6: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Perception on the Preventive Measure of child Marriage by Radio Channels Option Make people aware Raising awareness of guardian about child marriage Increasing education facility Know about act Proper implementation of law/act Child marriage should be include in the academic book Taken initiative to remove poverty To ensure girls security everywhere Don't know N
2.5
Padma B E 85 13
Nalta B E 73 14
Sagar Giri B E 93 14
Jhenuk B E 80 14
Naf B E 100 11
56
10
67
12
67
51 43 33
13 10 5
73 33 47
7 6 5
21
5
7
13
8
2 15
Bikrampur Borendro B E B E 67 14 93 14
14
27
10
67
10
47
8
73
8
40 80 33
14 14 14
13 27 20
13 6 8
87 53 53
11 5 6
47 33 40
8 5 1
20 33 7
12 5 5
5
33
3
7
4
40
6
27
6
7
6
27
10
33
-
-
7
27
6
-
9
-
8
5
-
1
-
11
-
4
-
5
-
5
-
2
15
15
15
15
15
13 15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
Knowledge about health rights
Respondents said that they are aware about their own Health Rights (Baseline 60% and Endline 100%). This rate is higher in Endline compared to baseline. Figure 5: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about Health Rights by Radio Channels
Whether they have taken any initiatives if their health rights ever violated The respondents were further asked, whether they have taken any initiatives if their health rights have violated ever. Eight percent in baseline and 13% in endline of the respondents said that they have taken any action for the violation of the health rights.
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Figure 6: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their initiative against violation of Health Rights by Radio Channels
They had further asked about the points of communications they have used to report the violation of health rights. They have mentioned three points – they have reported to the respective higher officials and their own relatives and law enforcement agencies. This is to be noted that they did not mention any Humanitarian organizations or NGOs. Seeking help from local leaders and civil society is lower as well.
Knowledge about the Health Related Help Line The knowledge about the Help line regarding the health related services were extremely poor in Baseline survey. However, people in the intervention area were found 100% endline knowledge about the health related help line.
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Figure 7: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by the knowledge about Help Line by Radio Channels
2.6
Knowledge about HIV/AIDS
All of the Endline respondents were mentioned about that they know at least 1 right ways of getting infected by HIV whereas in Baseline 92%. However, it is positive that 9% of the respondents from Endline mentioned correctly answered at least 6 modes of transmission of HIV and AIDS. Most important observation is that none of them mentioned all the correct mode of transmission of HIV and AIDS in baseline and only 9% can mentioned in endline. Figure 8: Percentage distribution of the respondents by their knowledge about transmission of HIV and AIDS
Among the mode of transmissions, the respondents are more aware about unsafe sex (42% baseline and 78% endline) and unsafe blood transfusion (87% baseline and endline). Comprehensive knowledge is essential to prevent the transmission of HIV and AIDS. Table 7: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about the mode of transmission of HIV and AIDS by Radio Channels Option Unsafe sex with the affected person Taking drugs using same needle & syringe Replace part of the body from affected people Through affected blood transmission Using unsterilized surgical
Total B E
Padma B E
Nalta B E
Sagar Giri B E
Jhenuk B E
B
Naf E
Bikrampur Borendro B E B E
42
78
73
80
60
87
13
100
33
60
53
60
20
80
40
80
30
68
27
33
27
60
67
100
40
67
27
53
-
93
20
67
-
20
-
-
-
7
-
100
-
20
-
-
-
13
-
-
87
87
100
100
93
94
80
100
100
80
73
73
67
67
93
94
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
100
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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Option
Total B E
instruments after using for an affected Child of an affected 2 10 pregnant mother Don't know 8 N 105 105
Padma B E
Nalta B E
Sagar Giri B E
7
7
-
-
-
15
15
15
15
7 15
Jhenuk B E
B
Naf E
Bikrampur Borendro B E B E
60
-
-
7
7
-
-
-
-
15
15
15
20 15
15
20 15
15
7 15
15
The right knowledge of protecting oneself from HIV and AIDS includes using condom, testing blood before receiving, using sterilized medical equipment’s, using sterilized disposable injection syringe, staying loyal to spouse, and staying away from illegal relation. However, 9% in endline respondents reported to know all the measures to protect oneself from HIV and AIDS. Figure 9: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about prevention of HIV and AIDS by Radio Channels
The right knowledge of protecting oneself from HIV and AIDS includes using condom, testing blood before receiving, using sterilized medical equipment’s, using sterilized disposable injection syringe, staying loyal to spouse, and staying away from illegal relation. However, no respondents reported to know all the measures to protect oneself from HIV and AIDS. Source of Knowledge about Prevention of HIV/AIDS Community radio program Bini Shutor Mala comes first in endline 100% regarding the source of knowledge about prevention of HIV/AIDS whereas friends only 7%. Mode of Prevention of HIV and AIDS TV Radio Community Radio Friends NGO worker Health Worker Doctor News Paper Poster Community Radio Bini Shutor Mala N
Total
Padma
Nalta
95 96 96 7 97 95 95 92 92
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sagar Giri 67 73 73 47 80 67 67 47 47
100
100
100
105
15
15
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Bikram pur 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Borendr o 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100
100
100
100
15
15
15
15
Jhenuk
Naf
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 15
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Table 8: Percentage distribution of the respondents based on their knowledge about protective measures against HIV and AIDS Option Stop unsafe sexual relation Husband-wife should be faithful to each other Avoid sexual relationship before getting marriage Using condom in case of multiple sexual relation To avoid gay & polygamy Blood should be HIV tasted before transmitted Avoid same needle Blood should be tested before getting marriage Following social & religious norms Don't know N
2.7
Total B E 17 55
Padma B E 53 60
Nalta B E 20 47
Sagar Giri Jhenuk B E B E 7 100 27
Naf B E 27 33
Bikrampur Borendro B E B E 7 67 7 53
9
23
7
7
13
13
7
100 -
-
27
27
-
7
7
7
5
19
-
-
7
7
-
100 -
-
20
20
-
-
7
7
12
27
7
7
20
20
7
100 7
7
33
33
-
7
13
13
2
15
-
-
-
-
7
100 -
-
7
7
-
-
-
-
68
72
40
40
87
87
67
100 100 100 27
27
66
67
87
87
44
75
53
60
60
87
53
100 73
100 20
27
7
67
40
87
1
15
7
7
-
-
-
100 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
39
47
53
53
47
47
47
100 40
40
47
47
13
13
27
27
8 7 105 105 15
15
15
15
7 15
15
15
20 15
20 15
20 15
20 15
7 15
7 15
15
Knowledge about Adolescence Reproductive Health and Puberty
In response to the knowledge about the physical changes in adolescent period of boy and girl, the respondents mentioned about the physical growth (83%) followed by vocal sound change (67.6%), start of menstruation and wet dreams (63%) and some other changes. This is to note that, the respondents mention more about the visual changes, but rate of response about the Pubic Hair Growth (47%) and Sexual Sensation (45%) is lower. However, only 1.9% of the respondents did not mention any physical changes, on the other hand all of the respondents from endline survey have 100% knowledge about the adolescent reproductive health and puberty, whereas the baseline response on knowledge was poor. Figure 10 Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about the Physical changes in Adolescence
Table 9: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about the Physical changes in Adolescence by Radio Channels
Page | 11
Physical Changes in Adolescence
Total B
Physical growth 68 Vocal sound change 83 Menstruation/wet dream 63 Pubic hair growth 47 Sexual sensation 45 Did not mentioned 2 N 105
Padma
Nalta
E
B
E
B
E
100 100 100 100 100 105
87 93 93 87 67 0 15
100 100 100 100 100 15
33 93 33 33 40 0 15
100 100 100 100 100 15
Sagar Giri B E
B
E
B
E
B
E
B
E
80 60 80 60 47 13 15
87 93 60 53 47 0 15
100 100 100 100 100 15
33 73 60 7 33 0 15
100 100 100 100 100 15
67 73 47 13 20 0 15
100 100 100 100 100 15
87 93 67 73 60 0 15
100 100 100 100 100 15
100 100 100 100 100 15
Jhenuk
Naf
Bikrampur
Borendro
The respondents were also asked about their knowledge about the mental changes in adolescence period. In response, 58.1% of the respondents said that the adolescents are “Feeling Confused” in that special period, whereas, 52.4% mentioned about liberal attitude, curiosity about sex 51.4%. Knowledge about the mental changes is increase 100% in endline compare than baseline findings. Table 10: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about the Mental Changes in Adolescence by Radio Channels Mental Changes in Adolescence Feeling confused Liberal attitude Curiosity about sex Exhaustion Don't know N
Total
Padma
Nalta
B
E
B
E
B
E
58 52 51 30 8 105
100 100 100 100 105
87 73 80 27 0 15
100 100 100 100 15
20 47 53 33 0 15
100 100 100 100 15
Sagar Giri B E
B
E
B
E
B
E
B
E
47 53 60 33 27 15
80 27 33 40 13 15
100 100 100 100 15
73 47 33 20 7 15
100 100 100 100 15
33 60 40 13 7 15
100 100 100 100 15
67 60 60 47 0 15
100 100 100 100 15
100 100 100 100 15
Jhenuk
Naf
Bikrampur
Borendro
During endline survey all of the respondents having 100% knowledge about the care during menstruation. However, in response to the care during menstruation, in baseline 61% of the respondents were mentioned about the self-cleanliness as well as 52% were said about using sanitary pad/dry and clean cloth or tissue which is increased 100% in endline. Table 11: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their perception about the care during menstruation by Radio Channel Care Menstruation
During
Self-cleanliness Using sanitary pad/dry and clean cloth or tissue Eat all types of nutritious food including fish & meat Regular work Don't know N
Total B
E
Padma
Nalta
Sagar Giri B E
B
E
B
E
B
E
B
E
Jhenuk
Naf
Bikrampur
Borendro
B
E
B
E
61 100
87
100
33
100
67
100
67
100
73
100
53
100
47
100
52 100
67
100
53
100
53
100
80
100
40
100
20
100
53
100
49 100
27
100
73
100
40
100
80
100
47
100
40
100
33
100
24 100 18 105 105
13 0 15
100 15
7 20 15
100 15
27 33 15
100 15
33 7 15
100 15
40 13 15
100 15
33 7 15
100 15
13 47 15
100 15
Page | 12
Source of Knowledge about Adolescence Reproductive Health & Puberty
Only in endline it was asked that on their source of knowledge about adolescent reproductive health and puberty, however, community radio (100%), NGO workers (99%) and TV (89%) are the highest source of source of knowledge about adolescent reproductive health and puberty. However, poster, newspaper, doctor, health worker, relatives, friends, neighbor and radio all are equal percentage in terms of sources. Figure 11 Source of knowledge about adolescent reproductive health and puberty
2.8
Knowledge about STI/STDs
When the respondents were asked if they know about STDs/STIs, (baseline 58%, endline 100%) of them responds that they are aware about sexual diseases. The knowledge about sexual diseases is higher in Radio Padma (baseline 80% endline 100%), Jhenuk (baseline 80% endline 100%). Figure 12: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about Sexual Diseases
The respondents were further asked about the mode of transmission of STDs. In response, baseline 55% and endline 100% mentioned about unsafe sexual activities (baseline 32%, endline 100%) followed by unsafe blood transfusion (baseline 31% and endline 100%).
Page | 13
Table 12: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about Transmission of Sexual Diseases Care Menstruation
During
Through unsafe sex with an affected person Through transmission of untested blood Sharing same needle or syringe of an affected person Using unsterilized instruments after using for the affected person Child can be affected from a affected mother Through polygamy sex Not applicable N
Total B
Padma
E
Nalta
Sagar Giri B E
B
E
B
E
B
E
B
E
Jhenuk
Naf
Bikrampur
Borendro
B
E
B
E
55 100
87
100
73
100
13
100
67
100
53
100
27
100
67
100
32 100
47
100
47
100
7
100
67
100
13
100
13
100
33
100
31 100
47
100
53
100
7
100
60
100
7
100
13
100
33
100
25 100
40
100
7
100
0
100
67
100
13
100
13
100
33
100
18
99
33
100
13
100
0
93
33
100
7
100
13
100
27
100
22 100 42 105 105
40 13 15
100
33 27 15
100
7 87 15
100
33 20 15
100
0 40 15
100
7 73 15
100
33 33 15
100
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
Knowledge about prevention from STD All most all of the respondents from endline were mentioned about the Avoid polygamy sex (99%), Using condom for multiple sexual relation/ partner (100%), Maintain personal hygiene (99%) and Religious and social norms must be followed (100%). Table 13: Knowledge about prevention from STD Knowledge about prevention from TD Avoid polygamy sex Using condom for multiple sexual relation/ partner Maintain personal hygiene Religious and social norms must be followed N
2.9
Total
Padma
Nalta
Sagar Giri
Jhenuk
Naf
Bikrampur Borendro
99
100
100
93
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
100
100
93
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
105
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
Knowledge about Adolescent friendly health care services
In response to the answer regarding the location of the Adolescent Friendly Healthcare Services (AFHS), the respondents mainly mentioned the government facilities, community clinic and Marie Stopes Clinic (baseline in 22% endline 100%). Table 14: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Knowledge about Adolescent friendly health care services by Radio Channel Location of AFHS Upazila Health Complex Community Clinic Union Health Complex Marie Stopes Clinic Dist. Hospital Specific NGO Clinic Maternal and Child Welfare Center Medical College Hospital
Total
Padma
Nalta
Sagar Giri B E
B
E
B
E
B
E
B
E
Jhenuk
Naf
Bikrampur
Borendro
B
E
B
E
B
E
36 33 27 22 21 21
4 100 4 100 3 99
53 60 67 13 33 40
100 100 100
47 33 27 13 20 47
100 100 100
27 47 20 13 13 27
27 100 27 100 20 93
27 40 27 40 40 33
100 100 100
47 13 13 47 13 -
100 100 100
20 7 7 7 7 -
100 100 100
33 33 27 20 20 -
100 100 100
5
2
13
-
-
-
-
13
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
3
7
-
-
-
-
20
20
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
Page | 14
Don't know N
30 105 105
7 15
27 15
15
20 15
15
15
27 15
15
20 15
15
73 15
15
40 15
15
2.10 Obstacles to get health services The respondents of the survey also asked about whether they have faced any obstacles to receive the adolescent friendly healthcare services (AFHS). Around 28% of the respondents claimed in baseline that they have experienced some kind of problem to avail the AFHS whereas in endline everyone did not faced any obstacles to get AFHS services. Figure 13: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by their Experience of Problems to Receive Health Care Services by Radio Channel
To explain the reasons of obstacles to getting the AFHS, 9.5 of the respondents said that they were feeling shame or was afraid to take the services they need. The other mentioned reasons are basically leads to the fact that unawareness about the service and service providers and lack of knowledge were the factors of not getting the health services smoothly. Table 15: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by the Obstacles of Receiving Service
Location of AFHS Feeling shame or afraid Unaware about the disease and symptoms Not effectively aware of getting treatment Most of the cases they avoid as treated personal matter Didn't know the place of service Didn't get proper treatment / listening negative about the treatment Did not face any obstacles N
B
E
B
E
B
E
Sagar Giri B E
B
E
B
E
B
E
B
E
10
-
-
-
7
-
13
-
27
-
7
-
-
-
13
-
6
-
7
-
-
-
13
-
0
-
13
-
-
-
7
-
5
-
13
-
-
-
13
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
13
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
13
-
1
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100 15
67 15
100 15
Total
Padma
Nalta
Jhenuk
Naf
Bikrampur
72 100 60 100 93 100 60 100 53 100 73 100 100 105 105 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
Borendro
Listing habit of Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio All of the respondents in the endline survey are listing Bini Shutor Mala radio program regularly. Page | 15
Figure 14: Listing habit of Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio
Reason for listing Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio All of the respondents said that they are listing Bini Shutor Mala program regularly because they are getting health related message as well as 92% of them were mentioned that they are getting ‘life intimate information’ and ‘getting unknown information’ from this radio program. Table 16: Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by Reason for listing Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio Reasons for listing Bini Shutor Mala Program Life intimate information Getting unknown information Getting health related message Got information for adolescent aged 1024 years old N
Total
Padma
Nalta
92 92 100
100 100 100
100 100 100
Sagar Giri 47 47 100
14
-
-
105
15
15
Jhenuk
Naf
Bikrampur Borendro
100 100 100
100 100 100
100 100 100
100 100 100
100
-
-
-
-
15
15
15
15
15
Liking part of the Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio Seventy-two percent of the respondents liked the discussion session, 52% drama, 56% presentation, 55% question & answer session 48% explanation and only 18% liked what to do of the Bini Shutor Mala program. Table 17: Liking part of the Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio
Most Liking parts of the program Drama Discussion session Explanation What to do Presentation Question & answer session N
Total Padma Nalta 52 72 48 18 56 55 105
47 47 73 53 53 27 15
60 73 60 27 40 40 15
Sagar Jhenuk Giri 100 27 60 67 60 27 7 20 60 73 80 73 15 15
Naf Bikrampur Borendro 33 80 33 0 67 67 15
40 100 40 0 60 60 15
60 80 40 20 40 40 15
Reasons for Liking the part of the Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio
Page | 16
Thirty percent of the total respondents liking the part of Bini Shutor Mala program because it is educational and 26% liked cause of entertaining and life intimate information and 19% of them can avail lots of information from the program. However, it is noted that none of the respondents dislike any part of this program. Figure 15: Reasons for Liking the part of the Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio
Positive opinion from respondents on Bini Shutor Mala Thirty-eight percent of the respondent take this program positively cause of information 19% life based information, 17% raising awareness level 16% religious and social norms, 9% adolescent health related issues and only 1% cannot mentioned any positive side of this program. Table 18: Positive opinion from respondents on Bini Shutor Mala Positive Responses
Total Padma Nalta
Informative which increase knowledge Religious and social norms Awareness raising program Life based Adolescent health related issues Don't know N
38 16 17 19 9 1 105
33 20 20 20 7
33 20 20 20 7
15
15
Sagar Jhenuk Giri 60 47 7 13 7 13 20 13 13 7 15 15
Naf
Bikrampur Borendro
33 20 20 20 7
27 20 20 20 13
33 13 20 20 13
15
15
15
Negative opinion from respondents on Bini Shutor Mala Sixty percent of the respondents did not have any negative comments on the Bini Shutor Mala program. However, 12% of them were mentioned MR related issues and 20% of the total were mentioned that it is difficult to listen with the family members. Figure 16: Negative opinion from respondents on Bini Shutor Mala
Page | 17
Preferred Information sources on Health Related issues Overall Community radio and TV comes first (99%) of the respondents most preferred source to get information about the health related issues. However, 90% like to get information from NGO workers and 62% from Health Workers. Table 19: Preferred Information sources on Health Related issues Preferred Source
Total
Padma
Nalta
TV Radio Community radio Neighbour Friends NGO worker Health worker Doctor News Paper N
99 3 99 2 2 90 62 6 1 105
100 100 87 47 7 15
100 100 93 73 15
Sagar Giri 93 20 93 13 13 87 60 13 7 15
Jhenuk
Naf
100 100 87 67 15
100 100 93 53 15
Bikrampur Borendro 100 100 93 73 7 15
100 100 87 60 13 15
Reasons for Preferred Information sources In total 89% of the respondents mentioned about the easy to access of the media 9% of them were mentioned that their reasons for preferred those media cause of they are friend and they are feel free to share with them, however, only 3% claimed that it is easy to understand for them, station wise data also similar. Figure 17: Reasons for Preferred Information sources
Effectiveness of the Bini Shutor Mala Program
Page | 18
All of the respondent said that Bini Shutor Mala program is helpful for them because of 94% mentioned life oriented information, 74% important message were presented easily and 36% mentioned that they can get important information at home. Table 20: Effectiveness of the Bini Shutor Mala Program
Was the program helpful for them
Sagar Jhenuk Giri 100 100
Total
Padma
Nalta
100
100
100
31 94
27 100
27 100
73 93
73
73
73
74 36 105
73 27 15
73 27 15
Bini Shutor Mala Program is helful Why Important message for all Life oriented information Adolescents (10-24 years old) personal health issue Important message were presented easily Can get important message at home N
Naf
Bikrampur Borendro
100
100
100
27 100
20 100
27 100
20 67
93
73
80
73
47
100 73 15
73 27 15
80 20 15
73 27 15
47 53 15
More information what to get from Bini Shutor Mala Program Future preferred information respondents are want to listen from the Bini Shutor Mala program is 42% of them want to know about Hygiene on puberty period, 36% on family planning, 28% AIDS related information, 23% First Aid and 22% on different family planning methods. Table 21: More information what to get from Bini Shutor Mala Program Information On family planning methods Hygiene on puberty period First aid AIDS related information Right age for intercourse How can a people affected through HIV/AIDS About STD Physical and mental change on puberty period Family planning Vaccination N
Total
Padma
Nalta
22 42 23 28 5
20 40 20 33 7
20 40 27 27 0
Sagar Giri 20 47 27 27 7
6
7
7
5
0
8 36 13 105
Jhenuk
Naf
Bikrampur Borendro
20 40 20 27 7
27 40 20 27 0
20 47 27 27 7
27 40 20 27 7
7
0
13
0
7
7
0
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
13
7
7
7
40 13 15
40 13 15
33 13 15
40 13 15
33 13 15
33 13 15
33 13 15
Negative opinion from respondents on Bini Shutor Mala In this connection 60% of the respondents are willing to listen the Bini Shutor Mala Program on Radio at 5:00pm 13% both want to listen at 6:00pm and 4:30pm. However, 7% of want to listen 5:30pm and 7:00pm.
Figure 18: Negative opinion from respondents on Bini Shutor Mala
Page | 19
Suggestion to make Bini Shutor Mala more effective In total 59% of the respondents want to broadcast Bini Shutor Mala Program everyday 20% mentioned about broadcast in holydays, 19% were mentioned duration of this program need to be extended and 10% of the total suggested top make it more interesting. However, only 2% of the respondent can’t say anything. Table 22: Suggestion to make Bini Shutor Mala more effective Suggestion s Everyday this program should be broadcast Make it more entertaining Program duration need to be extended Should be broadcast in holyday Can't say N
Total
Padma
Nalta
Sagar Giri
Jhenuk
Naf
59
60
60
60
60
67
53
53
10 19 10 2 105
40 15
27 13 15
7 13 7 13 15
20 13 7 15
20 13 15
33 13 15
27 20 15
Bikrampur Borendro
Page | 20
Chapter 3: Conclusion and Recommendations The respondents were found more aware in endline survey compare than baseline survey about the community radio network from the people of the radio channel and their regular practice of listening radio programs. Therefore, communicating the availability of community radio at their area increased the listenership. Posters and signboard in the broadcasting area, especially in the marketplace may bring good channels of communication. Frequency of listening radio channels also need to be taken care quiz competition and participatory reality shows could be options to increase awareness and listenership of community radio in the locality.
From the findings of the survey, the following recommendations have been made –
•
Bini Shutor Mala Program is highly effected media to aware Bangladeshi young people to improve Sexual and Reproductive health status
•
The radio channels need to give emphasis on communicating the complete knowledge about STDs/STIs including HIV and AIDS.
•
Frequent broadcast of programs about the Adolescents Sexual Reproductive Health Rights (ASRHR) can make the listener aware about the issue.
•
Communication about the Help Line could be ensured by the Community Radio Channels
•
The community radio channels need to communicate the availability, and
•
Attributes of AFHSs in the locality and can encourage the listeners to use the facility as well. ###
Page | 21
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