Albanian Journal of Agricultural Sciences (2010), Nr2./Vol.10 © Agricultural University of Tirana

NANOTEHNOLOGY PRODUCTION SEEDS I.RUBAN1, N. VOROPAEVA1, M.ISTOMIN2, M.KAZAKOVA2, O. FIGOVSKY3 1

Plant Protection Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan,

Uzbekistan;

2BioNanoTex L Ltd, Russia; 3 Polymate Ltd.-INRC, Israel [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Contemporary agricultural production

to ensure steady seed production and plant

is conducted while being exposed to global

growth and to improve the agricultural

natural

industry in general.

and

anthropogenic

challenges.

Climate changes, environmental pollution

It is an object of the nanotechnology,

with ecotoxicants, emergence of large arid

to

areas, substrate salinization, and water

multifuctional nanochips and a method of

shortage result in a reduction in the

application for production of high-quality

agricultural planting footprint, lower plant

seed. It is another object to provide the

tolerance to adverse environmental factors,

aforementioned nanochips to be pretreated

and the emergence of new populations of

for

pathogenic microorganisms and cultural

nanotechnology that enhances seed and

plant

plant adaptability to real-life adverse

pests

along

with

their

rising

provide

physiologically

sowing

on

the

active

basis

of

a

aggressiveness. All of the above factors

environmental

result in decreased agricultural yields,

constructed as multifunctional nanochips

lower-quality produce, seed with short

that are integrated in the nanopores of the

shelf life and low germination, and price

seed cover. It is a further object to provide

increases in consumer markets. To improve

a method for presowing treatment wherein

adaptability of plants to adverse factors in

based on a prediction of adverse effects on

storage, to obtain full-value and healthy

plant

sprouts and good plant development, and to

properties

increase seed productivity and quality in

nanochips can be modified by populating

subsequent

pores

generations,

a

new

conditions

growing,

of

of

the the

to

composition biologically

carriers active

and

with

be

and active

appropriate

agrobiological nanotechnology has been

biologically

developed that features a composition with

phytosanitary nanoparticles, which enhance

properties, such as lability and mobility,

plant

that can be modified based on predictions

environmental

tolerance

nanoparticles to

new

factors,

and

adverse improve

Ruban et al

germination properties, and increase yield

50 nm and greater (macropores). Herein,

and productivity. Further objects are to

the prefix “nano” is used in view of nano

provide the aforementioned chips and

dimensions of the carrier pores.

method of application that will: extend seed

The biologically active nanochip of

dormancy; allow the planting seeds to be

the nanotechnology contains biologically

stored

without

active components that protect the plants

initialize

from unfavorable factors and increase

for

a

long

compromising termination

time

quality;

of

seed

under

production efficiency of agricultural goods.

changing environmental conditions by

Each biologically active nanochip has a

using variously composed and structured

carrier with nanopores penetrable by the

biologically active nanochips for seed

aforementioned

preparation before planting; enhance seed

substances. When, after sowing, the seeds

germination, enhance seed tolerance to

come into contact with moisture, the

pathogens, salinization, draught, frost, and

physiologically active substances that fill

other

effects;

the pores of the carrier are “sucked”

increase yield; improve produce quality;

through the pores of the seeds into a space

reduce

between the seed coat and seed embryo

adverse the

rate

dormancy

environmental of

consumption

of

biologically

active

physiologically active and phytosanitary

where

components; easily adapt to currently

According

existing technologies of seed preparation

nanotechnology, the carrier, which is

for planting [1-5].

preloaded with respective physiologically

they to

fulfill another

their aspect

functions. of

the

The biologically active nanochip of

active and phytosanitary substances, is

the nanotechnology comprises a carrier

ground to the dimension of the carrier

(such as mineral, clay, turf, or polymer and

pores, and then the finely ground carriers

others) having nanopore-filling molecules

with physiologically active components are

of physiologically active substances (such

incorporated into the nanopores of the seed

as plant development and growth control

cover by means of any conventional

components, micro- and macro-elements of

method, of presowing treatment of seeds

plant nutrition, phytosanitary substances,

(wetting, spraying, blowing, powdering,

etc.). Depending on the nature and structure

encapsulating, incrusting, etc.). The method

of the carrier, dimensions of biologically

and biologically active nanochips of the

active

several

nanotechnology apply to seed of various

microns to 1 to 2 mm, whereas pores of the

types, such as cotton seed, sugar-beet seed,

carrier may range from less than 2 nm

rice seed, soybean seed, wheat seed, etc.

nanochips

range

from

(micropores) to 2 to 50 nm (mesopores), or

2

Nanotehnology production seeds

The work relates to natural nano

development

of

plants.

Since

it

is

devices, such as seeds of various plants

impossible to predict or forecast all such

irrespective of species, varieties, and

unfavorable conditions with high accuracy

geographical

term

for massive growing of agricultural plants

“nanotechnology,” as used in the present

in actual field conditions rather than in

work,

laboratories,

spread.

covers

The

nanoparticle-control

nanochip

compositions

technology that is used as a basis for

disclosed herein and in the attached claims

developing new methods for processing,

are designed for anticipated and averaged

producing,

adverse

and

modifying states and

conditions.

The

nanochip

properties of raw materials, materials, or

compositions presented herein are based on

semiproducts.

was

the applicants’ experiences and are most

“supramolecular

optimal for treating seeds of specific

previously

“Nanotechnology”

known

as

architecture” and later as control of

agricultural

“ultradispersive

or

claims and for growing plants under

of

anticipated

and

biotechnology, manipulations with DNA,

conditions.

In

in view of DNA dimensions, were also

performance and enhance yield and quality,

referred to as “nanotechnology.”

seeds should be additionally provided with

particles”

“nanoparticles.”

In

the

field

Given the fact that seeds are now produced

under

environmental prevalence

harshly

exposures, of

negative

mentioned

in

averaged order

the

adverse

to

improve

physiologically active compounds and

changing with

plants

phytosanitary substances that improve seed

the

tolerance to adverse exposures.

exposures,

Phytosanitary

substances

comprise

subsequent seed generations do not always

insectofungicides, bactericides, herbicides,

meet

nematocides,

the

required

planting

seed

acaricides,

antiviral

preservation criteria and demonstrate poor

preparations and substances that induce

field

protective

germination

conditions

adverse

performance.

in

plants,

immunomodulators, elicitors, desiccants,

of

etc. Phytosanitary measures are aimed at

agricultural plants comprise diseases of

revealing and eliminating contamination of

agricultural plants, attacks from various

soil with weeds, as well as treating the soil

insects, violation of balance between useful

affected

and “harmful” microflora and insects, as

Nanotechnology

well

environmental

allows use of natural seed adaptation

temperature and humidity that often do not

systems and biologically active nanochips

coincide

in seed cover pores, is the most effective

as

and

variations with

normal

functions

seed

germination

for

Other

development

in

optimal

environmental

conditions, which in turn weaken early

3

by

“diseases”

and

development,

pests. which

Ruban et al

way to enhance seed reliability and

tolerance to salinization and other adverse

resistance to adverse environmental factors.

environmental factors, activation of growth

Nanotechnology

of

the

above-

processes, immunity enhancement, yield

described type allows for modifying the composition

of

active

The biologically active nanochips are

phytosanitary

constructed according to several methods

substances, and altering their character

(synthesis and modification) based on the

based on specifics of nanosystem formation

following:character

and

components; functional tasks of the chip,

substances,

on

physiologically

increase, and improved quality of produce.

including

interactions

(nanoparticles)

on

of

components

molecular

and

of

nanochip

such as shelf life; seed and plant protection

supramolecular levels within biologically

against

active nanochips, depending on specific

enhanced

soil/climatic conditions of cultivation of

environmental effects (plant salinity and

various plants, specifics of diseases caused

draught, and the like), enhancement of

by microorganisms and soil-based and

growth processes, and the like; production

other pests, and extending planting seed

of subsequent seed generations that have

shelf life without compromising planting

high planting properties; increased yield;

properties.

conditions under which seeds are produced

As mentioned above, biologically

phytopathogens tolerance

and to

pests; adverse

and used.

active nanochips are based on the use of

The composition and quantity of the

carriers such as minerals, clay, peat, soot,

biologically active nanochips to be applied

products of modification thereof, and other

to the seeds depend on the results of the

systems

contain

monitoring of agricultural plant cultivation

stabilizers, ionogenic and nonionogenic

conditions, environmental statistics, and

surfactants, emulsifiers, various natural and

also predictions of the following indicators

synthetic

for the coming year: soil and ambient

that

additionally

oligomers

and

polymers,

homopolymers and copolymers and their

temperatures,

derivatives, as well as mixtures thereof in

pathogenic

various

diseases,

proportions.

In

addition,

humidity,

attacks

microorganisms, seed

types,

true

nature or

of of light

biologically active nanochips incorporate

dormancy, as well as seed size and seed

molecules

active

potentials such as germination energy and

substances and phytosanitary substances,

germinating capacity. In addition, the

which ensure preservation of the planting

biologically active nanochip composition is

seeds and their properties for a long time,

defined with consideration of availability

seed and plant resistance to pathogens,

of

of

physiologically

4

digestible

forms

of

potassium,

Nanotehnology production seeds

phosphorus, nitrogen, and various nutrient

with reference to anticipated adverse

trace elements such as zinc, copper, cobalt,

factors such as cold weather, salinization of

iron, lithium, manganese, molybdenum,

soil, and emergence of new populations of

and other nutrient micro- and meso-

pathogenic microorganisms and cultural

elements in the soil. For this reason,

plant

nanochip components vary within the very

aggressiveness, etc. The biologically active

broad range of 1 10-10 % to 100%. Trace

nanochips may be produced either as

quantities of nanochip components are used

vendible products as agents, as dry or

for steeping plant seeds, macro quantities

liquid substances, or in the form of a

are used for dusting seeds, and intermediate

preparation.

quantities are used for pelleting.

pests

along

with

their

rising

The following nonlimiting examples

From the processing point of view, the

demonstrate

practical

preparation

of

difference in the use of biologically active

biologically active nanochips for seed

nanochips for treating plant seeds having

germination.

different dormancy types consists of the

biologically active nanochip compositions

fact that seeds with light dormancy are

vary, depending on type of culture to be

treated without using additional steps,

grown

whereas seeds that have true dormancy are

adverse conditions that will affect the

subjected to scarification, i.e., mechanical

germination capacity and growth of the

damage to seed cover. Scarification allows

plant. Since it is impossible to precisely

the

forecast all specific external factors that

biologically

active

nanochips

to

and

In

these

anticipated

examples,

and

the

averaged

penetrate deep into the seed cover pores so

may

as to affect growth activation and to

germination and plant growth, as well as all

contribute to and induce the protective

attacks from the side of the pathogens

response of the plant to phytopathogens

along with variations in environmental

that cause diseases, as well as to stress

parameters that may be closely associated

conditions caused by soil salinization,

with

ecotoxicants, and shortage of molecules

pathogenic activity, the examples that

providing nutrition for the plants at the

follows

earliest stages of development (nutrient

nanochips maximally filled with substances

macro-, meso-, and microelements).

that cover a wide range of different

It follows from the above that a

simultaneously

activation disclose

or

affect

seed

suppression

biologically

of

active

biological activities for specific agricultural

biologically active nanochip in its simplest

plants.

form comprises only two components, i.e.,

Thus the increase in the productivity

at least one carrier and at least one

caused by use (nano) of systems for

biologically active substance, both selected

preseeding processing of seeds of a

5

Ruban et al

soybean, has made in separate variants of

pores

experience from 0,6 c/he up to 15,0 c/he

biologically

depending on structure and concentration

phytosanitary nanoparticles, which enhance

of used components in the developed

plant

multifunctional

environmental

nanochips.

Studied

of

carriers

with

active

appropriate

nanoparticles

tolerance

to

new

factors,

and

adverse improve

ecologically safe systems - physiologically

germination properties, and increase yield

active (nan ) the chips intended for

and productivity. The chips and method of

preseeding processing seeds of culture of

the

rice increased productivity of this culture in

dormancy; allow the planting seeds to be

comparison with the control and the

stored

standard by 26,9 c/he and 24,3 c/he

compromising

accordingly. The received effects are

termination

caused by joint action of all components

changing environmental conditions by

developed (nano) chips at their certain

using variously composed and structured

parity in structure of (nano) systems. Thus

biologically

the increase in the productivity caused by

planting, enhanced seed germination, and

use (nano) of systems for preseeding

enhanced seed tolerance to pathogens,

processing of seeds of a wheat has made in

salinization, draught, frost, and other

separate variants of experience from 1,6

adverse environmental effects, increase

c/he up to 25,8 c/he depending on structure

yield, improve produce quality, reduce the

and concentration of used components in

rate of consumption of physiologically

the developed multifunctional nanochips

active and phytosanitary components, and

Thus, the aforementioned nanochips

nanotechnology:

easily

for

technologies

nanotechnology that enhances seed and

planting.

environmental

conditions

and

seed cover. The method for presowing treatment of the seeds is based on a prediction of adverse effects on plant properties

of

the the

composition biologically

time

seed

active

to of

without initialize

dormancy

nanochips

currently

seed

under

before

existing

preparation

for

Voropaeva: Some particularities of the use herbicide in presowing nanotechnologies of preparation the seeds. In: International Workshop Bioencapsulation, Dublin, Ireland 2008: 98-100.

that are integrated in the nanopores of the

and

of

seed

References: 1. I.N. Ruban MS, K.M. Yusupov, N.L.

are

constructed as multifunctional nanochips

growing,

long

quality;

adapt

are pretreated for sowing on the basis of plant adaptability to real-life adverse

a

extend

and

2. I.N.Ruban: Theory and practice of seed covering by polymers. In: MACRO 2004: 2-65.

active

nanochips can be modified by populating

6

Nanotehnology production seeds

3. I.Ruban, N. Voropaeva, K. Yusupov: Prospects of the use new technology of the exfoliate of rice seeds. In: International Conference on Bioencapsulation, Nehterlands 2009: 102-103. 4. I.Ruban NV, M.Sharipov, O. Figovsky: The risks connected with use of polymeric nanostructures in technologies of seeds treatment before sowing. Scientific Israel-Technological Advantages 2010, 12(1): 99-119. 5. Ruban MS, N. Voropaeva: Native nanoobjects and technology of capsulation increasing their stability to environment unfavourable factors. In: International. Workshop on Bioencapsulation, Switzerland 2006: 435-437

7

figovsky et al

biologically active nanochips for seed preparation before planting; enhance seed germination, enhance seed tolerance to pathogens, salinization, draught, frost, ...

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