World Cultures 9 - Africa

Introduction to SubSaharan Africa So far, we have learned that:

• Many Americans know little about Africa • The people of Africa generally have the same stereotypes about them • Sub-Saharan Africa is made up of many cultures, not one • Selected geography of sub-Saharan Africa • “Africa is a continent, not a country” 1

Sub-Saharan Africa “Toolkit Themes…” Geography Political Systems The impact of imperialism on sub-Saharan Africa The impact of Civil Conflict Case study: Rwanda Economics Analyzing standards of living Case study: The Economic impact of AIDS in African nations Cultural and Religions Traditions (your AMAZING projects!) Stories of Hope and Change: Apartheid in South Africa

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World Cultures 9 - Africa

Unit II: Sub-Saharan Africa*

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Imperialism Defined (EQ1) * Aggressive extension of authority over a weaker nation 1870 to 1914 is known as the “Age of Imperialism”

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World Cultures 9 - Africa

Imperialism Defined * Aggressive extension of authority over a weaker nation 1870 to 1914 is known as the “Age of Imperialism” Causes of Imperialism (The 3 P’s) Profit – forcing people to work as cheap labor; finding raw materials; establishing new markets for goods

Political Power - competing with other nations for control of a region Piety - spreading religious beliefs to an “uncivilized” group; encouraging adoption of western culture

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Age of Imperialism

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World Cultures 9 - Africa

Why Africa? (EQ2)* Profit Africa had natural resources (example: cotton, rubber, ivory, and hardwoods ) needed by European factories African societies were potential markets for goods (what does this mean?) Political Power Nationalism, or pride and loyalty to one’s country, was growing in Europe European countries were competing for the largest/strongest empires Piety Christians wanted to spread their “superior” religion and civilization 7

Imperialism in Africa (EQ3)* Keys to European success: • Had technology (ex. early machine gun, handguns) which Africans did not have • Pitted “Africans against Africans” • Exploited tribal differences/rivalries

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World Cultures 9 - Africa

Painting by C. E. Fripp, depicting Lieutenants a British battle with Zulu soldiers at the Battle of Isandlwana. NWW 9

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Imperialism in Africa (cont.)* Keys to European success: • Had technology (ex. early machine gun) which Africans did not have • Pitted “Africans against Africans” • Exploited tribal differences/rivalries

The “nail in the coffin” • 1884 Berlin Conference: • 14 European nations, but no African leaders, to negotiate treaties and ownership of Africa • All of Africa except Ethiopia and Liberia was colonized by the start of WWI (1914) 10

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Imperialism in Africa (cont.)*

Why a Conference? • • •

To set rules on colonizing Africa To relieve tension among European nations A reason for the nations to draw boundaries on colonies World Cultures 9

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World Cultures 9 - Africa

World Cultures 9

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Now, show me you get it: 1. Paste in your “partition map” *it’s OK if there are a few notes on the page!

2. Next, design your own political cartoon (don’t just copy ones I showed you)

of the “slicing up” or Imperializing of Africa in pen/pencil in your notes. 3. Explain your cartoon in one sentence either above or below your drawing.

Ms. Anderson

Berlin conference (1884). Most powerful countries: Germany, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Belgium & GB “slice up” who owns where in Africa

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World Cultures 9 - Africa

Imperialism to Independence (EQ4)* Imperialism: African people treated poorly Example: King Leopold II of Belgium required each community to produce a set amount of ivory (for no $) Africans who resisted this were severely punished Difficulty standing up against European weapons

Imperialism

to

Independence

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To the right, a man who was a victim of Belgian Imperialism

What message were the Belgians sending to the Congolese?

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World Cultures 9 - Africa

Imperialism to Independence (cont’)* Imperialism: African people treated poorly Example: King Leopold II of Belgium required each community to produce a set amount of ivory (for no $) Africans who resisted this were severely punished Difficulty standing up against European weapons

Independence But…Africans developed a sense of nationalism after WWI Africans won independence through nonviolent and violent means in the 1950s and 1960s (most in 1960s) Imperialism

to

Independence

Kwame Nkrumah Leader of Ghana Independence Movement First President of 17 Ghana

Why Independence? (EQ5)* $$$$: • Countries became too expensive to run • Natural resources used up • Uprisings of Africans “not worth the trouble” to stop (point of view?)

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World Cultures 9 - Africa

Legacy of Imperialism (EQ6)* Benefits Infrastructure created Schools and hospitals Better farming techniques

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Legacy of Imperialism (EQ7)* But... (disadvantages) Euro. gave little political experience: some new governments had problems (corruption) Euro. favored certain groups or tribes, causing future rivalries within nations (ex. Belgians in Rwanda) Border disputes developed High expectations of African peoples after independence not met Led to disappointment/despair Some African Nations became economically dependent on European ones

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World Cultures 9 - Africa

HW : Like many African nations, the United States was once a British colony. Use a Venn Diagram to explain some of the similarities and differences that exist between the two experiences.

Differences

Differences

Similarities 21

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World Cultures 9

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European Imperialism in Africa - 1415.pdf

5. Age of Imperialism. 6. Page 3 of 12. European Imperialism in Africa - 1415.pdf. European Imperialism in Africa - 1415.pdf. Open. Extract. Open with. Sign In.

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