Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(4): 572-576 (July 2010)

Research Article

Promising medium duration multiple resistant rice culture CB 05 022 R. Pushpam,S. Robin, S.Rajeswari, K. Mohanasundaram and K. Thiagarajan

Abstract CB 05022, the medium duration rice culture with the parentage of CO 43/ ADT 39 was developed at Department of Rice, TNAU, Coimbatore. The culture was evaluated at station trials and it gave 21.8% increased yield over ADT (R) 46. This culture was evaluated under AICRIP in irrigated transplanted low land ecosystem as IET 20884 for two years 2006-2008. Under IVT-IM the culture recorded a mean grain yield of 5485 kg/ha which was 21, 22% increase over the checks Jaya and Triguna respectively. Again the culture was tested under IVT-L during kharif 2009 wherein it recorded a mean grain yield of 5551 kg/ha which was 11.4% increase over Savitri. In the region wise performance, this culture ranked first in Eastern region and fifth in Western region. In overall basis, it ranked second among all entries. The culture was also tested under Disease Screening Nursery during 2009 and it showed multiple disease resistance again leaf blast, neck blast and brown spot. The culture is having good quality characteristics of intermediate amylose and GT, soft GC, high milling (70.7%) and head rice recovery (60.6). The culture is now under third year of testing under AICRIP. Owing to high yielding, multiple resistance to major diseases, this culture has great scope for exploitation under our varietal improvement programmes. Key words: Rice Breeding , Quality, Multiple resistance

Introduction The ultimate goal of crop breeding is to develop varieties with high yield potential and desirable agronomic characteristics. In rice breeding, the most important qualities sought by breeders have been high yield potential; resistance to major diseases and insects; and improved grain and eating quality. However, there seems to be some conflict between these aims. Emphasis on high grain quality tends to result in unstable yields. Conversely, too much emphasis on disease and insect resistance and stable yields leads to poor grain quality. Hence, breeding efforts should concentrate on varieties with the potential to minimize yield losses under unfavorable conditions, and to maximize yields when conditions are favorable (Khush and Aquino 1990). Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore

Improvements in rice quality are very important in meeting the demands of consumers for healthy, high-quality food. Most rice breeders feel that popular rice varieties in recent years are possessed with premium quality in terms of grain size, shape, appearance and palatability. There are many difficulties in evaluating consumer preferences, which vary widely from country to country and from person to person. However, consumers generally feel that even the best quality grain of improved high-yielding varieties is not as good as the best quality traditional varieties. Many traditional varieties in both the tropics and the temperate zone have excellent cooking and eating quality, but a low grain yield (Khush and Juliano 1985). For many years, breeders have focused their attention on simultaneous improvement of yield and quality, but with limited success. There seems to be some unknown genetic barrier to incorporating these traits into single cultivar. At present, it is not possible to be very optimistic that we shall be able to develop high-yielding varieties with quality as good as that of traditional varieties, but our efforts continue, as does our work to develop high-yielding varieties with various grain characteristics suitable for processing (Kim and Virmani, 1989).

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Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(4): 572-576 (July 2010)

Host plant resistance to various biotic stresses is a very important aspect of high yields, and can be expected to play a significant role in sustainable rice production. Intensive efforts have been made over the years to incorporate resistant gene(s) into improved varieties, and there are now numerous varieties resistant to rice blast, bacterial blight, RTD and plant hoppers. Some varieties possess multiple resistance to diseases and insects. But resistance in most varieties is controlled by a single gene and lasts only a few years, after which they become susceptible to serious disease or pest outbreaks. Resistance is often controlled by a single gene (vertical resistance) and lasts only a few years, after which they become susceptible through evolution of diverse races/ biotypes (Khush and Virmani 1985). With the objective of development of high yielding, multiple resistant rice variety, CB 05022, the medium duration rice culture with the parentage of CO 43/ ADT 39 was developed at Department of Rice, TNAU, Coimbatore. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted at Department of Rice, TNAU, Coimbatore. The material used for this study included the popular rice varieties CO 43 and ADT 39. Hybridization was effected during 2000 and true F1 was fixed during 2001. F2 was raised during 2002 and promising plants were selected and forwarded to further generations. Homozygosity was attained during F4 generation and the culture was named as CB 05022. Further the culture was tested under station trials, Multilocation trials and Adaptive Research Trials. Results and Discussion The culture CB 05022 is a medium duration culture, derived from the cross CO 43 / ADT39 with 109 cm plant height and 130-135 days duration, showed high yield potential and multiple resistance to major rice diseases. This culture was evaluated as IET 20884 under All India Coordinated Rice Improvement programme for two years from 2008-2009 across the country in Initial Varietal trial Irrigated Medium and IVTLong. Under AICRIP-IVT-IM, this culture CB 05022 recorded an overall mean grain yield of 5485 kg/ha which was 21 and 22 percent increase over the National check Jaya and Regional check respectively (Table 1). Under AICRIP-IVT-Long, this culture recorded a mean grain yield of 5551

which was 11 and 21 per cent increase over the National check (Savithri) and regional checks respectively (Table 2). In the region wise performance, this culture ranked first in eastern region and fifth in western region. In overall basis, under AICRIP it ranked second among all entries (Table 3). The culture was tested in the station trials for 3 years during 2005-2007, wherein it recorded a mean grain yield of 7160 kg/ha which was 13% and 21 % increase over the local checks CO 43 and ADT (R) 46 respectively. Under Multi location trial, this culture was tested in 9 locations during 2009, wherein it recorded 6076 kg/ha with 9.50, 24.10 and 42.70 per cent increase over the checks ADT (R) 46, I.W. Ponni and BPT 5204 respectively (Table 4). The culture was evaluated in ART during 20082009, in 25 districts wherein the culture out yielded the checks in many districts. The culture was tested under DSN during 2009 and it showed multiple resistance against blast, neck blast and brown spot (Table 5). The culture is having good quality characteristics of Intermediate Amylose (22.4%) and GT, soft GC, high milling (70.7%) and Head rice recovery (60.6). This culture is now under third year of testing under AICRIP. Owing to high yielding, good quality and multiple resistance to major diseases this culture has great scope for exploitation under our varietal improvement programmes. References Khush, G.S., and R.C. Aquino. 1990. Breeding for high yielding potential in rice: Focus on irrigated rice. Paper presented at IRRC, Aug. 27-31, Seoul, Korea. Khush, G.S., and B.O. Juliano. 1985. Breeding for highyielding rices of excellent cooking and eating qualities. In: Rice Grain Quality and Marketing, International Rice Research Institute, College, Laguna, Philippines, pp. 61-69. Kim, C.H., and S.S. Virmani. 1989. Korea- IRRI high yield rice program. Research Report RDA (R) 4: 20-26.

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Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(4): 572-576 (July 2010)

Table 1. Performance of CB 05022 (IET 20884) in AICRIP: IVT IM - Kharif 2008 (kg/ha)

Sl. No

Location

1

CRRI

2

Chiplima

CB 05022

Regional check*

6900(3)

Jaya (National check) 4900

5555

3888

4222 3851

3724

3

Jeypore

4009

2824

4

Sabour

6166(1)

4083

4583

5

Chinsurah

4608

3472

3977

6

Masodha

4787

5452

5651

4812

5125

5625

7

Varanasi

8

Warasoeni

5172(7)

4111

3812

9

Raipur

5357(1)

3645

3571

10

Jagdalpur

6509(2)

5488

5196 5750

11

Lakhoati

4575

6240

12

Karjat

4166

4270

4010

13

Sindewahi

5504

4651

3622

14

Maruteru

4899

3950

5250

5639 4992

4477

5833

3784

3857

15

Warrangal

16

Bapatla

17

Coimbatore

6759(1)

5450

5226

18

Tirur

4538(3)

2973

2893

9262(2)

7335

4695

5485

4533

4492

19

Mandya Mean

21 % increase over check *Regional check- Pooja -Eastern; Salivahana -Western; Samba Mashuri - Southern

22.1

574

Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(4): 572-576 (July 2010)

Table 2. Performance of CB 05022 (IET 20884) in AICRIP: IVT L - Kharif 2009 (kg/ha) Location

Sl. No

CB 05022

Savitri (NC)

(RC)*

3611

3148

1

Bhubaneswar

4944 ( 5)

2

Chiplima

5000(1)

3888

2333

5236

5067

3

CRRI

4459

4

PTN

7060(1)

5208

2893

5

Bankura

6250

4006

5384

6

Chinsurah

5230(3)

4950

4850 4380

7

Raipur

5448 (2)

3151

8

Titabar

4807

5322

5494

9

Pondaghat

3787

4403

4261

10

Nawagam

8066 (2)

5232

4287

6029

5914

5070

11

Maruteru

12

Rajendranagar

6184(4)

5480

5649

13

Ragolu

9117 (8)

9705

6029

14

Bapatla

4020

5513

6666 3859

15

Nellore

6017(2)

4938

16

Thirupathisaram

4393(7)

4204

4204

17

Mudigere

3548

3972

3982

Mean

5551

4984

4562

11.4

21.7

% increase over check

*Regional check- Pooja -Eastern; Salivahana -Western; Samba Mashuri - Southern

Table 3. Performance of CB 05022 (IET 20884) in AICRIP: IVT L - Kharif 2009- Regional Means (kg/ha)

Regions

CB 05022

Savitri (NC)

(RC)*

1

Region 3

5402(1)

4421

4194

2

Region 4

4876(5)

4336

4236

3

Region 5

4870 (8)

5376

4719

Mean

5074(2)

4864

4450

Sl. No

% increase over check 4.2 *Regional check- Pooja -Eastern; Salivahana -Western; Samba Mashuri - Southern

14

575

Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(4): 572-576 (July 2010)

Table 4. Performance of CB 05 022 in Tamil Nadu (MLT - III – 2009) (kg/ha) Location CB 05 022 ADT (R ) 46 I. W. Ponni Aduthurai

6112

6210

4686

BPT 5204 4864

Ambasamudran

6292

6123

5618

4045

Coimbatore

7272

5671

6354

5314

Madurai

3888

4167

3883

3888

Killikulam

7142

5249

5848

5022

Tirupathisaram

5080

5239

3855

4877

Trichy

7800

5900

5200

2600

Thanjavur

4833

4583

3750

2777

Pondicherry

6263

6819

4875

4944

Mean

6076

5551

4897

4259

9.50

24.10

42.70

Per cent increase over check

Table 5. Resistance reaction of CB 05022 (IET 21502) against major rice Diseases (2009) Sl. No.

Culture

Blast

Sheath rot

Sheath blight

BLB

Brown spot

RTD

1

CB 05022

4.0

7.0

7.0

5.0

3.0

7.0

2.

ADT ( R) 46

4.0

7.0

7.0

9.0

7.0

9.0

(Department of Rice, 2008) Sl. No.

Culture

Blast

Neck blast

Brown spot

Sheath rot

Sheath blight

GD

RTD

Leaf blight

1

CB 05022

4.0

2.0

4.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.0

2

TN 1

6.0

4.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

5.0

7.0

7.0

(AICRIP, 2009) Table 6. Resistance reaction of CB 05022 (IET 21502) against major rice Pests (2009) Sl. No.

Culture

BPH

WBPH

GLH

1

CB 05022

5.0

5.0

5.0

2

ADT (R ) 46

7.0

5.0

5.0

576

Promising medium duration multiple resistant rice ... - Semantic Scholar

The culture is having good quality characteristics of intermediate amylose and GT, soft GC, high milling ... Host plant resistance to various biotic stresses is a.

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