G67 - Northwest Iberian supra-Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica-forests with Genista falcata
Distribution | Scientific names | Community structure | Dominant species | Diagnostically important species | Ecological variants | Geographical variants | Natural accompanying vegetation | Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation | Land use | Site conditions | Nature protection | Loci typici | Literature | Compiled by |Pictures • Title Northwest Iberian supra-Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica-forests with Genista falcata
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Geographical distribution
• Country/territory North-eastern Portugal: Trás-os-Montes, Serra de Estrela; Spain: province Salamanca, Castilian-Leon; sector Orensano-Sanabriense and Salmantino
• area covered 13760 km²
• area frequency 14 polygons. Scientific names of main plant communities and their most common synonyms (with author citation) Genisto falcatae-Quercetum pyrenaicae Penas & Díaz 1985. •
• Structural feature of the main community(ies) (layers, life-forms, etc.) Three-layered Quercus pyrenaica forests of average height with numerous acidophytic species.
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Dominant and most frequent species in different layers
• Tree layer Quercus pyrenaica
• Shrub layer Genista falcata, Halimium umbellatum, Erica arborea
• Lianas No details
• Herb layer Melampyrum pratense, Viola riviniana, Festuca elegans, Helictotrichon sulcatum, Luzula forsteri, Teucrium scorodonia, Pteridium aquilinum
• Moss layer (incl. lichens) No details • Diagnostically important species Quercus pyrenaica; Genista falcata; Festuca elegans
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Ecological variants
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Geographical variants (geogr. differential species)
No details
No details
Natural accompanying vegetation (most important units in complex with the name giving mapping unit, scientific names) Alluvial forests: Galio broteriani-Alnetum glutinosae, Salicetum lambertiano-salviifoliae, Fraxino angustifoliae-Quercetum pyrenaicae. •
• Adjoining climax and permanent vegetation (with numbers of mapping units) acidophilous oak forests (F23), Quercus pyrenaica-forests (G65, G70), Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia-forests (J5, J9), cork oak forests (J23, J24, J25), lowland and alluvial forests (U29).
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Land use, substitute communities
• forestry (substitute communities, plantations of economic tree-species, scrub) Pine-forestry; Retama and broom scrub (Genestion floridae) as degradation stages of oak forest: Genisto hystricis-Cytisetum multiflori with Cytisus scoparius, Cytisus multiflorus, Genista hystrix, Pteridium aquilinum; degraded scrub: Genisto hystricis-Echinospartetum lusitanici on rocky soils with Echinospartum ibericum, Cistus laurifolius, Calluna vulgaris, Santolina rosmarinifolia.
• grassland (meadows, pastures, herb-rich communities) Heath scrub (Genistello tridentatae-Ericetum aragonensis) and Cistaceae scrub (Cistion laurifolii) on soils tending to podzolise; pastures: Triseto ovati-Agrostietum truncatulae; Corynephoro canescentisLeucanthemopsietum pulverulentae with species such as Agrostis castellana, Dactylis glomerata subap. hispanica, Aira praecox.
• arable land (characteristic weed communities) Only on deeper soils.
• settlements (typical ruderal vegetation) No details •
Site conditions of the mapping unit
• Landscape type, geomorphology mountainous country
• Altitudinal belt and/or altitudinal range supra-Mediterranean; 600-1200 m
• Geology (bedrock) base-deficient siliceous rock; (Palaeozoic, Precambrian)
• Soil conditions •
soil type, also the depth of fine textured earth (soil), stone content; (international nomenclature) acidic, base-deficient brown soils; (stony humic and lithic dystric cambisols; lithic leptosols)
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soil texture stony, loamy-sandy
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soil moisture, water balance moderately dry to dry
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soil reaction strongly to moderately acidic
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soil fertility oligotrophic
• Climate incl. local climate
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climate type (following Walter & Lieth) IV(VI)
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average annual temperature 8-12 °C
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average annual precipitation 600-1000 mm
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average temperature of the warmest month 20-22 °C
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average temperature of the coldest month 3-5 °C
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local climate or other climatic peculiarities subhumid climate.
Importance for nature protection
• Present state and development trend of natural vegetation (degree of endangerment) No details
• endangered communities, species worthy of protection in natural vegetation No details
• causes of endangerment Fires, plantation with pine.
• required measures for protection and restitution No details •
Localities of representative stands (loci typici) with state of protection
• of the natural vegetation Portugal: Parque Natural de Montesinho, Reserva Natural da Serra da Malcata and Serra da Nogueira, Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela.
• of characteristic substitute communities worthy of protection --• Most important references (author, year) Díaz González & Penas Merino 1984; Fernández-González 1988; Navarro Andres, Sánchez Anta, Gonzáles Zapatero, Gallego Martin, Elena Rosello & Valle Gutierrez 1987; Peinado Lorca & Rivas-Martínez (Ed.) 1987; Penas Merino, García González & Herrero Cembranos 1995; Rivas-Martínez 1987
• Compiled by A. Penas Merino and L. Herrero Cembranos; C. Pinto Gomes; V. Voggenreiter based on documents by S. Rivas-Martínez
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Pictures
No pictures available