USO0RE41279E

(19) United States (12) Reissued Patent McSherry et al. (54)

(10) Patent Number:

US RE41,279 E

(45) Date of Reissued Patent:

ACIDIC AQUEOUS CHLORITE TEAT DIP WITH IMPROVED VISUAL INDICATOR STABILITY, EXTENDED SHELF LIFE,

4,258,056 A 4,330,531 A 4,376,787 A

SANITIZING CAPACITY AND TISSUE

g

3/1981 Lentsch 5/ 1982 Alliger 3/1933 Lentseh et a1~

1g;

‘13%

,

(75)

lger

PROTECTION

4,891,216 A

1/1990 Kross et a1.

Inventors: David D. McSherry, Minneapolis, MN _ _ _ (US), Francis L. Richter, Hugo, MN

4’945’U0 A 4,986,990 A 5,017,369 A

7/1990 Broliken et a1‘ 1/1991 Davldson et al. 5/l99l Marhevka

5,185,161 A

2/1993 Davidson et a1.

(Us) _

5,196,200 A

(73) Asslgnee: Ecolab Inc., St. Paul, MN (US)

5,252,343 A

3/1993 Wilson et a1.

10/1993 Kross

5,503,838 A

(21) Appl. NO.Z 11/366,988 (22)

Filed:

Mar. 2,2006

Reissue of. .

Patent_NO" Issued‘

6’699’510 Mar‘ 2’ 2004

Appl. NO.Z

10/224,300

Filed:

Aug. 19, 2002

U.S. Applications: (63) Continuation-in-palt of application No. 08/938,653, ?led on Sep. 26, 1997, now Pat. No. 6,436,444.

(51)

(52)

4/1996 Schmidt et a1.

5,597,561 A

Related US. Patent Documents (64)

Int- Cl' A01N 59/00 A01N 59/26 A01N 25/00 A01N 25/24

(2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01)

A01N 37/00

(2006.01)

1/1997 KYQSS

5,616,347 A

4/1997 Alllger et a1.

5,641,498 A

6/1997 Loosemore

5,776,479 A

7/1998 Pallos et a1.

6,039,934 A 6,123,966 A

3/2000 Alliger 9/2000 Kross

6,203,812 B1

3/2001

6,379,685 B1 * 6 524 624 B1

4/2002 Richter et a1. ............. .. 424/405 2/2003 Morelli et al.



Ehrhard et a1.



FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS CA DE

660515 4/1963 28 00 896 7/1978 (Continued)

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

“Germicidal Activity of a Chlorine Dioxide Containing Teat Dip”, from the 78th Annual Meeting of the IAMFES (Inter national Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sani

tarians), Louisville, KY, UsA, Jul. 1991, Journal OfFOOd Protection, vol. 54, p. 814 (Oct. 1991).

US. Cl. ...................... .. 424/665; 424/405; 424/407;

424/409; 424/7802; 424/78.07; 424/601;

(58)

Apr. 27, 2010

(Commued)

424/605; 424/661; 514/553, 514/557, 514/558; 514/560; 514/568; 514/570; 514/574; 514/576; 514/578; 514/588; 514/708; 514/709, 514/710, 514/711, 514/769; 514/770, 514/7721, 514/7722, 514/777; 514/782; 514/887; 514/944; 514/964;

Primary Examineribhn pak (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiAndrew D. Sorensen; Amy J_ Hoffman

514/970; 510/160; 510/383; 510/419

The mastitis control teat dip composition having a visible

Field of Classi?cation Search ............. .. 424/7802,

indicator aspect of the invention provides a Softening’

424N807: 405: 407: 409: 601’ 605’ 661’ 424/665; 514/553: 557*558’ 560’ 568’ 570’ 514/574’ 576’ 578’ 708*711s 769: 770: 7721’ 514/7722’ 777: 782: 887s 944’ 964’ 970’

soothing, smoothing, relaxing property, a rapid initial kill, a useful highly pseudoplastic rheology, a barrier/?lm-forming capacity, a unique antimicrobial composition that is stable

514/588; 510/160> 383> 419 See application ?le for Complete Search history (56)

2,806,789 3,082,146 3,123,521 3,141,821

ABSTRACT

over an extended period of time, and unexpected long term microbial control When compared to the prior art materials disclosed in patents and used in the marketplace. The indica tor aspect provides ease of visually detecting the material on

References Cited

the animal skin and can indicate ef?cacy of the material. The compositions of the invention are made by combining an

US‘ PATENT DOCUMENTS

aqueous liquid composition containing the visual indicator

A A A A

combined With the organic components Which can be com bined With a simple aqueous solution of a salt of chlorous acid, preferably an alkali metal chlorite. The materials after they are combined and blended into a smooth viscous mate

3,147,124 A 3121614 A 3’728’449 A 3,912,450

(57)

A

3,993,777 A

4,025,628 A 4,084,747 A 4,199,602 A

9/1957 3/ 1963 3/ 1964 7/1964

Kiser et 31, Wentworth et a1. Wentworth et a1. Compeau

9/1964 Wentwor?l V1966 Scheuer 4/1973 Cantor et a1‘ 10/1975

Boucher

11/1976 Caughman et 31‘ 5/1977 Dewey et 31‘ 4/1978 Alliger 4/ 1980 Lentsch

rial containing an emollient package generates active antimi crobial chlorine dioxide and can be immediately contacted With the target animals. The compositions of the invention .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

provide stable visual indication, rapld 111111211 k1ll,'c~ons1stent long term kill with chemical and rheological stablllty. 21 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets

US RE41,279 E Page 2

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS EP EP EP EP EP GB WO W0 W0 W0

0 0 0 0 0

287 074 473 395 530 861 904 693 914 833 464330 WO81/01516 WO 89/10747 WO 96/18300 WO 99/16418

A2 A1 A2 A1 A2

10/1988 3/1992 3/1993 3/1999 5/1999 4/1937 6/1981 11/1989 6/1996 4/1999

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Flett et al., “pH Affects Bactericidal Action of Detergent”, The American Perfumer & Essential Oil Review (Dec.

1946). Flett, L.H., “The Antiseptic Properties of Surface Active Agents”, Oil & Soap, pp. 2454249 (Oct. 1945). Gershenfeld, L. et al., “Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Prop erties of Surface Tension Depressants”, Amer J. Pharma. ,

pp. 3064326 (Aug. 1941). KiSAN Product Literature, manufactured by KlenZade Products, Division of Econmomics Laboratory, Inc. (date not available). Oliver, S.P. et al., “Prevention of Bovine Mastitis by a

Bennett, R. H., “Teat Dip As A Component Of Coliforrn

Premilking Teat Disinfectant Containing Chlorous Acid and

Mastitis Control”, Dairy and Food Sanitation, 2(3):11(¥114

Chlorine Dioxide”, J. Dairy Sci., 76(1):287*292 (1993).

(Mar. 1982). Dychdala, G.R., “AcidiAnionic Surfactant Sanitizers”, Dis infection, Sterilization and Preservation, Second Edition, pp. 2534256 (1977).

Schmidt, A. et al., “Evaluation of experimental teat dip cont taining sodium chlorite and lactic acid by excised teat assay,” J. Dairy Sci., vol. 67, No. 12,Abstract, 1 pg. (1984).

LoW Prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylo

STN Online, American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio, Database File: Registry, Registry No. 384444549 (FD&C

coccus aureus Mastitis”, J. Dairy Sci., pp. 139041395

Blue No. 1), Retrieved on Dec. 12, 2003.

(1983).

The Merck Index, “TetraZolium Blue,” Merck & Company Incorporated, 1 pg. (2001).

Eberhart, R. J . et al., “Germicial Teat Dip in a Herd With

Elvanol Technical Information Bulletin and Material Safety Data Sheet, manufactured by E. I. duPont deNemours & Co.

(Date unavailable).

* cited by examiner

US. Patent

Apr. 27, 2010

Sheet 1 of8

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US RE41,279 E 1

2

ACIDIC AQUEOUS CHLORITE TEAT DIP WITH IMPROVED VISUAL INDICATOR

sources such as cow feces, soil, plant material, bedding or water, and infect by casual opportunistic contact with an

STABILITY, EXTENDED SHELF LIFE,

animal during the inter-milking period. This distinction, although not exclusive, is of practical importance because

SANITIZING CAPACITY AND TISSUE PROTECTION

different dairy herd maintenance measures are needed for

the different groups of microorganisms. In all bovine masti tis cases, whatever the causal microorganism, the route of

Matter enclosed in heavy brackets [ ] appears in the original patent but forms no part of this reissue speci?ca tion; matter printed in italics indicates the additions made by reissue.

transmission of the invading pathogen into the inner gland of the udder is through the teat ori?ce and teat canal. Management of dairy herds focuses attention on treatment of both established mastitis and on prevention of new intra mammary infections. Therapy and hygiene are the two fun damental components of an effective mastitis control proto

RELATED APPLICATION

Notice: More than one reissue application has been ?led

col. Each is applied in concert, and each operates independently. The primary effect of therapy is to increase the rate of eliminating established infections; whereas,

for the reissue of US. Pat. No. 6,699,510. The reissue appli cations are application Ser. No. 11/366,988 (the present application) and Ser. No. 11/938,275,?led on Nov. 10, 2007,

hygiene reduces the frequency of infection by interrupting

now abandoned, which is a divisional application of the

present reissue application. This application is a continuation-in-part application of

transmission vectors. We cannot present all ancillary factors that may be employed for the elimination and prevention of 20

No. 6,436,444. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a visually indicating bovine teat

25

chlorite solution and an acid or acidulant formulation, to form a stable, effective composition that can be used in rou

mammary infections in lactating cows. Between 1955 to

tine dairy procedures. 30

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Bovine mastitis is the most common and most costly dis

milk sales with about two-thirds of this loss due to reduced milk production from infected cows. Mastitis is an in?am

521696; F. H. Dodd, D. R. Westgarth, F. K. Neave and R. G. 35

Kingwill, 1969, “MastitisiThe Strategy of Control”, J.

40

Dairy Sci. 52:689; and F. H. Dodd, and F. K. Neave, 1970, “Mastitis Control”, Proceedings, Nat’l. Inst. Res. Dairying, pp. 21460) conducted extensive epidemiologic investiga tions in commercial dairy herds. From this work, they devel oped the conceptual basis for modern mastitis control meth ods of which teat dipping is an integral component. The e?icacy and value of teat dipping has since been con?rmed in dozens of ?eld trials, and it is now accepted that an effec tive teat dip can reduce the incidence of new intramammary

one response of a tissue or organ to insult or injury. An injury

caused by physical, chemical or thermal trauma can produce an in?ammatory response. In the dairy cow, mastitis typi 45

invade the udder, multiply in the delicate milk producing tissues, and synthesize toxins, a by-product of bacterial

To reduce mastitis, commercial teat dips have been devel

swelling, heat, redness, pain and disturbed function. 50

(asymptomatic) and undetected unless diagnosed by labora tory testing. Sub-clinical mastitis can result in a reservoir of micro-organisms that leads to the infection of other animals

within the herd. More than 80 species of microorganisms have been identi?ed as causal agents, although approxi

mately 95% of mastitis is caused by four pathogens; Staphy lococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysagalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis. Mastitis causing pathogens fall into two categories namely contagious and environmental. Contagious bacteria, such as Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus, primarily colonize

55

commonly present within the cow’s surroundings from

acid anionics (e.g. alkylaryl sulfonic acids), and chlorine dioxide (from chlorite). These agents, which have varying degrees of effectiveness, limit the transmission of mastitis by also be divided into two broad classi?cations. The Class I type are antimicrobial and are applied to kill microorgan isms already present in the teat canal or on the surface of the

60

skin lesions etc. and are spread from one infected cow to

often streptococci, enterococci and coliform organisms, are

hypochlorites), oxidizing compounds (e.g. hydrogen peroxide, peracids), protonated carboxylic acids (e.g. heptanoic, octanoic, nonanoic, decanoic, undecanoic acids),

reducing pathogen populations on the teat. Teat dips, can

host tissue sites such as mammary glands, teat canals, teat

another during the milking process. Environmental bacteria,

infections at least 50% and often up to 90%.

oped containing a variety of antimicrobial agents including iodophors, quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexi dine salts, chlorine release compounds (e.g. alkali

metabolism. The characteristic features of in?ammation are

While the animal immune system can ?ght intramammary infections, many chronic infections remain sub-clinical

1970, Dodd and co-workers (F. K. Neave, F. H. Dodd, and R. G. Kingwell, 1966, “A Method of Controlling Udder Disease”, Vet. Rec. 781521; F. K. Neave, F. H. Dodd, R. G. Kingwell and D. R. Westgarth, 1969, “Control of Mastitis in

the Dairy Herd by Hygiene and Management”, J. Dairy Sci.

mation of the mammary gland. Similarly, in?ammation is

cally results from microorganisms, usually bacteria, that

Researchers agree, and an abundance of published evi dence supports the concept, that dipping teats into an effec

tive antimicrobial solution immediately after each milking is the single most effective procedure for decreasing new intra

dip composition that can be mixed using two parts, a simple

ease affecting dairy herds. Some estimates suggested at least half of the dairy animal population have some degree or form of mastitis. This condition results in lowered milk yield and reduced quality. Economic loss to mastitis in the US. is estimated at about $1.8 billion or approximately 10% of total

mastitis, however, the most effective therapy and hygiene practices are, respectively, antibiotic infusion treatment of the udder’s four quarters at the end of lactation; and, post milking teat antisepsis or “teat dipping” during lactation.

US. Ser. No. 08/938,653 ?led Sep. 26, 1997 now US. Pat.

teat skin. By design, their microbiological effect is immedi ate and their targets primarily the contagious organisms that are vectored between animals during the pre-milking, milk ing and post milking process. The Class II type teat dip, often referred to as a “teat sealer,” is a ?lm-forming or coat

65

ing composition which may or may not be antimicrobial; and, functions by developing a residual protective barrier on the teat thus providing prophylaxis by sealing the teat off

US RE41,279 E 3

4

from its environment. The ?lm Which forms on the surface of the teat serves as a physical barrier through Which mastitis

to retard the entrance of bacteria into the teat canal during

the intermilking period and provide no protection to the teat

causing pathogens cannot penetrate during the intermilking

from irritation caused by Wind, sun or contact abrasion. As

period.

disclosed in the art, attempts have been made to provide

General disclosures of teat dip technology are shoWn in: “Current Concepts of Bovine Mastitis.” 1996, Fourth Ed.

antimicrobial teat dips containing ?lm-forming materials designed to form protective barriers on the skins of the teats;

National Mastitis Council, Madison Wis.; P. A. Murdough

and, to afford continuous protection against mastitis causing pathogens, both contagious and environmental, and, from

and J. W. Pankey, 1993. “Evaluation of 57 Teat Sanitizers

irritation caused by exposure to adverse environmental ele

Using Excised CoW Teats”, J. Dairy Sci. 76z2033i2038; J. W. Pankey et al., 1984, “Uptake on Post-milking Teat Antiseptics”, J. Dairy Sci. 671133641353; R. J. FarnsWorth, 1980, “Role of Teat Dips in Mastitis Control”, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 76:1116*1118; W. N. Philpot, 1979, “Control of Mastitis by Hygiene and Therapy”, J. Dairy Sci. 62:168*176; W. N. Philpot and J. W. Pankey, 1978, “Hygiene in the Prevention of Udder Infections V. Ef?cacy of Teat Dips Under Experimental Exposure to Mastitis Pathogens”, J. Dairy Sci. 61:956*963; R. P. NatZke, 1977, “Role of Teat Dips and Hygiene is Mastitis Control”, J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1701119641198; W. N. Philpot and J. W. Pankey, 1975, “Hygiene in the Prevention of Udder Infections. III. Effectiveness of 59 Teat Dips for Reducing Bacterial Populations on Teat Skin”, J. Dairy Sci. 58:209*216; R. J. Eberhart and J. M. BuckaleW, 1972,

“Evaluation of a Hygiene and Dry Period Therapy Program for Mastitis Control”, J. Dairy Sci. 55:1683*1691; W. D. SchultZe and J. W. Smith, 1972, “Effectiveness of Postmilk ing Teat Dips”, J. Dairy Sci. 55:426*431; D. P. Wesen and L. H. SchultZ, 1970, “Effectiveness of a Post-Milking Teat Dip in Preventing NeW Udder Infections”, J. Dairy Sci. 531139141403; and British Pat. No. 1,144,637 (Kelco Chemicals Ltd.), published Mar. 5, 1969. US. Pat. No. 4,199,602 (Lentsch) issued Apr. 22, 1980, US. Pat. No. 4,258,056 (Lentsch) issued Mar. 24, 1981; and US. Pat. No. 4,376,787 (Lentsch) issued Mar. 15, 1983 disclose nitroalkanol, amino carboxylate/sulfonate, and sulfonate based compositions. US. Pat. No. 4,446,153 (Yang) issued May 1, 1984 discloses a benZyl alcohol/phenyl ethanol

based composition. Typical disclosures of intermilking or protective (barrier

ments.

Early researchers discovered that incorporating a ?lm forming, protective barrier system into an antimicrobial teat

dip Was fraught With technical problems, either physico chemical problems With the composition or application/

performance problems in practice. The best prophylactic barriers, and most environmentally durable, are Water insoluble synthetic organics made up of homopolymers or heteropolymers of tWo or more different monomers. These 20

are applied either from volatile solvent based compositions or by ?lm-forming polymer latexes Which are suspensions of a Water insoluble polymer in Water. US. Pat. No. 3,066,071

typi?es the former type; and US. Pat. No. 4,113,854 dis closes compositions typical of the latter kind. Typically, bar 25

rier ?lms formed upon teats When applied from a volatile solvent based mastitis dip composition are not user, animal

or environmentally friendly. In practice, these materials sub ject the skin of the teat to the drying, irritating effects of

organic solvents. Compositions containing a ?lm-forming polymer latex overcome volatile solvent concerns as poly 30

mer latexes are most often suspensions of a Water insoluble

polymer(s) in Water; hoWever, commercial latexes necessar

ily include stabilizers, preservatives, suspending agents etc. 35

40

type) ?lm-forming teat dips or teat “sealers” can be found in

Which add complexity; and, as such are frequently incompat ible With the most preferred and most e?icacious antimicro bial agents. All Water insoluble polymeric ?lms, Which gen erally form a ?exible almost rubbery ?lm on the teat skin, must be removed by peeling. In practice, such mastitis con trol compositions have not received Widespread acceptance because of the inconvenient, time-consuming, often trouble some removal process prior to milking. US. Pat. No. 3,222,252 describes a bovine teat dip con

sisting of vegetable oils of the drying or semi-drying types

Akers et. al., US. Pat. No. 3,066,071, issued Nov. 27, 1962; Kraus, US. Pat. No. 3,222,252, issued Dec. 7, 1965 (but, see

and certain fatty acid esters. In concept, this disclosure

Philpot et. al., J. Dairy Science 58:205*216); Coughman and

bridges the gap betWeen synthetic polymer coatings and natural polymer coatings. In practice, oil based dips have

BroWn, US. Pat. No. 3,993,777, issued Nov. 23, 1976; Pugliese, US. Pat. No. 4,049,830, issued Sep. 20, 1977; and AndreWs et al., US. Pat. No. 4,113,854, issued Sep. 12,

45

proved to be ineffective in preventing mastitis, and they are dif?cult to remove from the teats. In fact, their use has

tended to increase the incidence of mastitis (see Philpot et.

1978. A teat sealer similar or identical to the AndreWs et. al.

?lm-forming composition is in commercial use and has been discussed in the dairy science literature. See, for example, R.

al, J. Dairy Science 58:205*216). 50

US. Pat. No. 3,993,777, referenced above, discloses an

J. FamsWorth et. al., 1980, “Use of a Teat Sealer for Preven

aqueous thickened quat based formulation of high viscosity

tion of Intramammary Infections in Lactating CoWs”, J. Am.

containing emollients such as lanolin and glycerin. The material forms a protective ?lm and bacteriostatic barrier

Vet. Med. Assoc. 177:441*444; and R. J. FarnsWorth et. al., 1981, “The Effect of a Teat Sealer on Coliform Mastitis”, The Bovine Practitioner, No. 16, pp. 28429. Still further examples of barrier-type ?lm-formers for bovine teats can be found in Silver et al., US. Pat. No. 4,199,564, issued Apr.

22, 1980; Dybas et al., US. Pat. No. 4,311,709, issued Jan. 19, 1982; Marhavka, US. Pat. No. 5,017,369, issued May 21, 1991; and Schmidt et al., US. Pat. No. 5,503,838, issued

55

practice are peeled from the teat to Water Washable ?lms.

HoWever, the shortfall of this teaching is the use of hydroxy ethylcellulose employed as a thickener (its most typical

function) in the preferred formulation Which, by chance, has 60

the characteristic of forming pliable non-brittle ?lms upon drying. In herd practice, such cellulosic thickeners seldom perform the dual-function role of providing a tenacious barrier, being too readily removed because of its Water sensitivity, Wherein the performance of the antimicrobial

65

barrier is lost. US. Pat. No. 4,311,709 also discloses a ?lm

Apr. 2, 1996. Persons skilled in the art of bovine mastitis treatment

knoW that antimicrobial teat dip compositions (Class I type) Which do not form protective ?lms With barrier properties have a shortened residual time on the teat and their ef?cacy

about the teat Which is easily removed by Washing; thus, transitioning from Water insoluble protective ?lms Which in

is quickly lost due to adsorption, ion-pairing, oxidation or

forming methycellulose having similar disadvantage as a

simply sloughing off. Furthermore, such teat dips often fail

teat dip barrier. US. Pat. No. 4,049,830 discloses a bovine

US RE41,279 E 5

6

teat dip composition Which delivers an oil-in-Water emulsion to the teat and, upon drying, forms an antimicrobial lipid

the chlorite part, hoWever, or in the combined materials, is often not fully effective. The oxidiZing nature of chlorite (ClO2_l) or chlorine dioxide (ClO2) can rapidly alter or bleach the typical added color. A substantial need remains after all these attempts, for

solids barrier Which remains soft and tacky for prolonged periods and is Water Washable. Herd experience has shoWn that soft barriers are too easily abraded or otherWise

sloughed off during the intermilking period With subsequent

long lasting protective, ?lm or shield forming barrier-type

reduction or loss of biocidal function. U.S. Pat. No. 5,017, 369 discloses antimicrobial mastitis treatment compositions

teat dip compositions having a visual indicator or unique

Which utiliZe a Water resistant ?lm-forming agent, polyvinyl

long lasting antimicrobial effect against a Wide spectrum of mastitis causing organisms. The visual indicator can also

color that can indicate the presence of an immediate and

alcohol. This art teaches aWay from incorporation and use of

thickener admixtures, suggesting that adequate viscosity can be obtained simply by adjusting the amount of polyvinyl alcohol in the composition. Such compositions are, in application, at commercial disadvantage because polyvinyl

indicate the presence of an active effective amount of ClO2. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE INVENTION

We have discovered a mastitis control treatment having

alcohol by itself does not provide effective teat cling nor

important functional properties that are uniquely combined

does it decrease the mobility of the dipping liquid Which is manifested by excessive drain-off and loss of product; and,

into one composition. The compositions of the invention can

therefore signi?cant reduction of barrier function and micro bial performance. U.S. Pat. No. 5,503,838 overcomes this

rial can be useful in blending the material to shoW the pres

disadvantage in disclosing antimicrobial teat dip composi tions containing polyvinyl alcohol in cooperation With thick ening agents such as a xanthan gum. Unfortunately, neither U.S. Pat. No. 5,017,369 Which typically embodies chlorhex idene gluconate or quaternary ammonium compounds as the antimicrobial; nor, U.S. Pat. No. 5,503,838 Which uses iodine as the preferred biocidal agent, address the issue of teat dermal irritation caused by residual barrier ?lms con

contain a visual indicator material. Such an indicator mate ence of an active chlorine dioxide component, can be used to 20

can be used as an indication of active chlorine dioxide in the material formed on the animal skin, or can be an indicator of

the presence of active material in the blended composition shoWing an extended shelf life after blending. Such a visual 25

taining resident, chemically aggressive, often toxic, antimi crobial agents Which remain on skin contact for extended

periods of time. Alliger, U.S. Pat. No. Re. 31,779, reissued Dec. 25, 1984;

30

Alliger, U.S. Pat. No. 4,330,531 (Alliger) issued May 18, 1982; Kross et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,891,216, issued Jan. 2, 1990; Davidson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,986,990, issued Jan. 22, 1991; Davidson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,185,161, issued Feb. 9, 1993; and Kross, U.S. Pat. No. 5,597,561 disclose technology embodied in a commercial composition sold as

35

an antimicrobial barrier teat dip under the name UDDER 40

generated by chemical reaction of I-hydroxy-benZene-acetic acid (mandelic acid) and sodium chlorite present in ?rst and second gels respectively. The second gel can contain a thick

45

ener. Later patents disclose a homopolymer of

2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (polysulfonic this composition has proven effective, it is not Without prob

cally approximately 2.7, While the pH of the blended part is 50

for only one herd milking, discarding any extra. This attribute is likely a consequence of chlorine dioxide loss (hence, loss of antimicrobial ef?cacy) either from chemical 55

and signi?cant drippage/Waste occurs. U.S. Pat. No. 5,597, 561 teaches that polysulfonic acid has proven problematic because of its strong a?inity to the dermal tissue and ten

blending. A further embodiment of the invention involves dispersing a dye or pigment in an oil phase. The oil phase containing the dye can maintain the dye in a separate phase apart from the oxidative material in the aqueous blended phase. One aspect of this embodiment involves the use of a

dency to form a solid matrix Which is dif?cult to remove by

Washing.

typically greater than 3.0. Such a color change can be help ful. Such a color change can be produced using a single stable dye or a stable dye blended With a relatively unstable

dye effectively shoWing a visual dramatic color change upon

incompatibility and/or off-gassing. The polysulfonic acid “gelling agent” does not immobiliZe the treatment on the teat

skin. A second embodiment of the invention involves a dye or combination of dyes that shoW that the sodium chlorite part is blended With the acid part and has been blended to a uniform active composition. A dye or blend of dyes can be used to produce a color change in the resulting blended material. In one embodiment, a pH sensitive dye can be included in the acid part that is converted to a different color

by the change in pH as the sodium chlorite part is blended With the acid part. The pH of the original acid part is typi

acid) Which forms a protective ?lm over the teat. Although lem. The herdsman is advised to mix and use the admixture

indicator material can be prepared using one of a number of

options. First, urea has been found to stabiliZe the dye blended into the overall composition or included in the acid or organic phase of the composition. The urea material used to stabiliZe the dye has also been shoWn to modulate the production and/or release of chlorine dioxide by the blended material. The teat dip material provides a reduced rate of release of the chlorine dioxide into the active blend, thus someWhat reducing the effective concentration of the chlo rine dioxide in the material but greatly extending the lifetime of the material having an effective concentration of chlorine dioxide. In this Way, Wasteful production of chlorine dioxide does not occur While the delayed production of the chlorine dioxide maintains a loWer, but more e?icient concentration of chlorine dioxide in the material formed on the animal

GOLD PLUS (Alcide Corp., Redmond, Wash.). The patents disclose tWo aqueous solutions, described as gels, adapted to be mixed in a 50/50 proportion Wherein (according to patent and product literature) chlorous acid/chlorine dioxide are

demonstrate the location of the material on the animal skin,

60

“drying oil” that, in the presence of oxidative systems, can crosslink to substantially increase the viscosity of the oil

phase, thus substantially reducing the tendency of the dye to

Richter, U.S. Ser. Nos. 08/038,064 and 08/038,553, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,379,685, disclose basic teat dip technology.

be leached from the oil phase into the aqueous phase. Main

These systems are tWo part chlorite and acid materials that

taining the dye in the oil phase protects the dye from aque

When blended form a protective layer or coating. The utility or effectiveness of these systems can be enhanced by the presence of a marker dye shoWing the location of the treat ment on or adhering to the animal. Simply including a dye in

65

ous oxidation by the oxidative systems. A last embodiment of the visual indicator of the invention is a chemiluminescent material that can be used. The chemiluminescent material involves materials that can be blended to produce the charac

US RE41,279 E 7

8

teristic soft glow produced by chemiluminescence. The

compositions have little or no viscoelastic character Which thus alloWs the treatment to How and to coat the teat

compositions Would be formulated such that the chemilumi

nescent glow is produced only upon blending and Would

smoothly, forming a continuous ef?cacious layer over the

continue to gloW only as long as an effective concentration

skin of the teat Without formation of mucilage streamers as

of oxidant remained in the composition. Such a gloW Would

the applicator is WithdraWn. The compositions ?oW slightly

provide an indication to the blender that the composition Was

doWn the teat folloWing application to form a thicker layer or “plug” across the ori?ce of the teat canal; and, thus cause a

uniformly blended and that the composition maintained a high level of activity for an extended period of time. The gloW Would tend to subside as the active material dropped in concentration upon storage. The ?rst embodiment of the invention provides a stable

the teat canal.

visual indicator or color using a dye or a mixture of dyes.

polyvinyl alcohol. Carefully composed polyvinyl alcohol

The dye color is maintained by one of the disclosed stability systems. The dye stability can be the result of the use of

compositions of this invention provide to the mastitis control treatment, after drying, a balanced barrier layer Which remains pliable and maintains integrity on the teat; Which can be rendered antimicrobial by envelopment of biocidal agents; Which does not cause irritation; and, Which provides

more effective prophylactic barrier against bacteria entering

An occlusive polymeric barrier/?lm-forming attribute is contributed by inclusion of intermediate or fully hydrolyZed

either a stabiliZing amount of urea, the use of chemilumines cent systems that are activated by an oxidant or the dye can

be incorporated into a non-aqueous phase and maintained apart from the oxidative nature of the chlorine species in aqueous solution. The stable indicated materials of the

invention also provide a soothing softening emollient

signi?cantly improved and prolonged protection to the teat

during the intermilking period by structured adherence, yet 20

character, rapid initial kill, long lasting antimicrobial

A unique preferred antimicrobial composition is accom

activity, a stable chemistry and rheology. The blend of lano

plished that can contain one fugitive biocidal agent, chlorine dioxide, and one or more non-fugitive acid biocidal agents

lin composition and polyhydroxy emollients provide enhanced softening, smoothing, soothing character to treated skin. The compositions of the invention possess

25

favorable rheology that promotes cling and immobiliZes the mastitis treatment on the teat. The composition develops a

barrier giving prophylactic protection and containing at least one resident agent for continuous biocidal protection. The composition does not cause dermal irritation and, is remov

30

able by a simple Water-Washing technique. The barrier has suf?cient adherence to Withstand premature loss of integrity due to abrasion of environmental conditions. Compositions of this invention are mastitis control and prevention treat ments often described as “teat dips,” though of course meth ods of topical aseptic application other than immersion or

drying. Chlorine dioxide, formed in situ by reacting ingredi 35

40

preferably one-half to three-fourths of the distal teat has

been coated With treatment. After application (by Whatever 45

chlorine dioxide upon initial application; and, as treatment

55

drying occurs With subsequent barrier formation, become resident Within the prophylactic coating Wherein the agents provide continuous and ef?cacious antimicrobial protection from mastitis causing environmental organisms. After the chlorine dioxide component, made in situ by the combina

rier or medium. The components of the compositions

organic ?lm-forming agent, rheology modifying materials, a

tion of the aqueous acidulant part With the aqueous chlorite part, becomes volatiliZed and is thus removed from the

hydrotrope, an emollient, a surfactant, a buffer if needed, a

composition, the composition maintains extended antimi 60

als such as a xanthan gum and polyvinyl alcohol composi

dipping), product viscosity is reduced alloWing easy and

almost instantaneously immobiliZing the coating, providing cling and assuring little Waste by drippage. Further, said

crobial activity and the composition maintains an effective barrier, including a milk duct plug, to environmental patho gens and soils.

Surprising and unexpected long term chlorine dioxide residence and chemical stability results in practice Which is

tions. When shear stress is applied to the composition (i.e.,

rapid application to the teat; and, upon the release of shear (i.e., removal of source), total viscosity recovery occurs

might result from this very reactive chemical; and, for any incidental residuals in the producers milk. Heptanoic acid or nonanoic (pelargonic) acid, Which are preferred antimicro bial agents Within compositions of the present invention, and/or dodecylbenZenesulfonic acid, all being of non volatile character, augment the biocidal performance of

50

prise components dissolved or suspended in an aqueous car

colorant and other optional materials. A pseudoplastic aqueous rheology is effected in the com position of the invention by admixtures of polymeric materi

herdsman, i.e., the contagious mastitis causing organisms already on the teat and in the distal teat canal ori?ce; but, once applied, chlorine dioxide dissipates and thus removes the potential for severe teat skin irritation Which otherWise

present invention; Whereupon, the source is removed, and,

include a chlorine dioxide generating chemical such as sodium chlorite, an acidulant that can contain a protic acid component and an active antimicrobial acid component, an

ents Within the composition, is present only during the initial application of treatment onto the teat and can off-gas during treatment dry-doWn. This effect is advantageous because the superior antimicrobial properties of chlorine diodide are uti liZed to destroy the pathogens of greatest concern to the

spraying, brushing, sWabbing or foaming onto the teats.

Which provides an antimicrobial barrier and prophylactic shield thus protecting the teat from pathogens and adverse environmental factors. The mastitis control compositions of the invention com

antimicrobials and mixtures thereof. Such admixtures pro vide superior cooperative antimicrobial effect. The com bined agents provide an immediate, additive biocidal action to contagious mastitis causing pathogens present on the teat

When the composition is ?rst applied. A continuous, longer

When employed as a teat dip, Which is a particularly effec

method), the resident treatment adheres onto the teat until drying occurs and development of a protective ?lm results

such as a C6_l2 carboxylic acid, including heptanoic acid, pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), etc.; an anionic sulfonate, including dodecylbenZenesulfonic acid, and other acidic

term antimicrobial action is afforded by the non-volatile agents Which become enveloped into the barrier ?lm upon

“?ooding” might be used by the herdsman; for example, tive practice of application, the teats of the animal are dipped into a reservoir or receptacle containing a composition of the

does not sacri?ce ease of removal prior to milking.

in distinct contrast to commercial embodiments of prior art, 65

speci?cally and particularly the commercial antimicrobial teat dip sold under the name UDDER-GOLD PLUS (Alcide

Corp. Redmond, Wash.), having af?xed use instructions

US RE41,279 E 9

10

Which advise the user to blend, in equal proportions, only

(III)/chlorite occurs With a measured rate of formation of

suf?cient admixture of cooperative parts (UDDER-GOLD

chlorine dioxide. Because this reaction begins immediately and because only very small quantities of chlorine dioxide are required for pronounced microbiocidal effect, the thus prepared mastitis control treatment is ready for application

PLUS BASE and UDDER-GOLD PLUS ACTIVATOR) for one herd milking4discarding any remainder. We have discovered that preferred mastitis treatment com positions of this invention, once having formed chlorine dioxide in situ from chemical reactants blended together by

as soon as needed.

Commercial compositions of the invention are held Within

the herdsman in preassigned proportion, retain this antimi crobial agent and associated antimicrobial property Within

a user friendly dual or “duet” packaging combination

designed to contain and transport parts A and B of these

the admixed teat treatment for extended periods of time. A

compositions together in predetermined and premeasured

typical useful application life span of such product being approximately one month folloWing preparatory blending.

proportions and to be cooperative in the blending process Wherein the user pours or otherWise causes the entire con

We believe this unusual chlorine dioxide stability is an addi

tents of package B, an equal or minor proportion, to be dis

tional consequence of the [Theological properties] rheology of the preferred compositions, i.e., that the rheology of the

charged into package A, an equal or major proportion, Which then becomes the container and holding device for the

inventive compositions entrap [Whereby] the chlorine diox ide gas [is entrapped and held] and hold it homogeneously

admixture or ?nal mastitis control treatment. The unique visual indicator or color stability maintains effective anti

dispersed throughout the [product] composition. [Such] This attribute [has] provides many practical advantages [for] to the herdsman including, the convenience [of] provided by the ability to [preblending] preblend large [mixtures] quan

mastitis protection by maintaining ClO2 activity While also maintaining a visual indicator or color. 20

BRIEF DISCUSSION OF THE DRAWINGS

tities of teat treatment [and eliminating] as well as the con

current elimination of the need [for] to repeatedly [prepar ing] prepare the exact quantity to be applied at each milking, [reducing Wasteful and costly disposal] the reduction in

25

waste of unused, but unstable product Which cannot be saved for next milking; and, enhanced safety for the user Who Would otherWise be exposed to off-gassing chlorine dioxide

Example II using the food contact sanitiZing protocol. FIG.

fumes during the milking process. The compositions of the invention comprise an admixture

comprised of tWo cooperative parts: The ?rst part, of major or equal proportion, having, in aqueous liquid mixture, an acid component and the plurality of components used in the mastitis control compositions of this invention and including all ingredients of organic structure including rheology modi ?ers and thickeners; emollients, humectants, conditioners and medicaments; surfactants and hydrotropes; antimicro bial agents and preservatives; buffers, acidulants; chro

30

35

40

speci?cally, an alkali metal chlorite; being of aqueous liquid, particulate-poWder, or compressed or cast molten solid

form; and, generally in practice, added to the ?rst part of the admixture. Further, the aforementioned second part must, if liquid, be readily miscible or, if solid, be easily soluble Within the ?rst part to effect rapid homogeneous blending Which is of particular importance When large quantities of

ordered structure, i.e. no thickened or gelled character; and, by solids of the second part having large surface area. In practice, this means liquids having ?uid characteristics simi lar to Water, and solids having particulate form. The primary function of the second part is to carry the chlorine dioxide release agent into the admixture of this mastitis control treatment; hoWever, lesser adjuvants may be

skin test protocol. FIG. 3 is a graph shoWing the change in viscosity With changing shear of tWo exemplary teat dips, Examples II and IX, of the application compared to the UDDER GOLD PLUS formulation.

45

FIG. 4 is a graph shoWing the color stability of FD&C blue dye number 1 (using conventional colorimetric spectro scopic absorbance measurement). FD&C Blue #1 is a dye that is particularly unstable in the presence of oxidative chlo

rine species.

this admixture are prepared on site by the herdsman. Experi ence has taught that favorable admixture blending is best

accomplished by liquids of the second part having no

1B is a four Week biocidal ef?cacy analysis of Example II using the food contact sanitiZing protocol With a 10% milk challenge. FIGS. 1C and 1D detail four Week biocidal bio cidal e?icacy analyses of the UDDER GOLD PLUS formu lation obtained under similar conditions as the data in FIGS. 1A and 1B respectively. FIG. 2A is a graph shoWing the four Week e?icacy analy sis of the UDDER GOLD PLUS formulation using the [por cein] porcine skin test protocol. FIG. 2B is a four Week

e?icacy analysis of Example II using the [procein] porcine

mophores and the like: The second part, of equal or minor proportion, being a chlorous acid or salt thereof, more

FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2A and 2B are graphical represen tations of the test data and comparisons shoWn in the tables of data in the application. FIG. 1A is a four Week biocidal ef?cacy analysis of

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 50

Components Used in the Mastitis Control Compositions of this Invention

Dyes useful in formulating the antimastitis compositions of the invention include both Water soluble and Water 55

insoluble dyes. Water soluble dyes can be formulated easily in the aqueous systems of the invention. Water insoluble dyes can be included in an oil phase that can be dispersed or

included Within, e.g., alkali metal carbonate salts added to

suspended in either of the parts of the antimastitis materials

commercial chlorite solutions to improve stability. Such lesser adjuvants must not alter, to any appreciable degree, rheology properties of the second part other than character istic of the aqueous carrier itself. Once joined, the alkaline chlorine (III)/chlorite composition of the second part is blended into the acidic solution of the ?rst part With resulting admixture having a buffered pH of approximately 3.0; Whereupon, and by chemical reaction Well knoWn in the sci enti?c art and literature, the disproportionation of chlorine

of the invention, hoWever, preferably the oil is dispersed in 60

the acid part and maintained separate from the chlorite part until use. Useful dyes for the purpose of this invention are

typically organic compounds that absorb visible light result 65

ing in the appearance of a detectable color. Such organic dyes are useful in the teat dips of the invention but should have minimal toxicity since they are in contact With milk producing organs of the dairy animals. In this regard, com mon FD&C approved dyes are used since these materials are

US RE41,279 E 11

12

typically approved for use as direct additives for food stuffs. The dyes typically useful in this invention are colorants

selected and is then dissolved into the non-aqueous phase. Such a colored phase is maintained in a separate “part 3” of the composition and is then blended after the acid part and

approved for use in foods, drugs, cosmetics and medical devices. Colorants currently in use and their status folloW. Colo rants permitted in foods that are (1) subject to certi?cation: FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Blue No. 2, FD&C Green No. 3, FD&C Red No. 3, FD&C Red No. 40, FD&C Yellow No. 5,

the chlorite parts are combined just before use. After addi tion to the combined parts, the material is agitated to ensure

that the oil or the non-aqueous phase is uniformly dispersed in a ?ne particle siZe throughout the teat dip composition, thus providing excellent marker properties for the combined

FD&C YelloW No. 6, Citrus Red No. 2, and Orange (B) (2) exempt from certi?cation: annatto extract, 6-apo-8'

material. Alternatively, the non-aqueous phase can be care

fully dispersed into the acid part such that it is present in a

carotenal, canthaxanthin, caramel, G-carotene, carrot oil,

?nely divided particulate form prior to combining the acid

cochineal extract (carmine), corn endosperm oil, dehydrated

beets (beet poWder), dried algae meal, ferrous gluconate,

phase With a chlorite part to form the ?nal material. The acid part can be agitated to ensure the uniform dispersion of the

fruit juice, grape color extract, grape skin extract, paprika,

colored non-aqueous phase throughout the acid phase before

paprika oleoresin, ribo?avin, saffron, synthetic iron oxide,

combination or the entire formulation can be carefully agi tated to ensure that the non-aqueous phase is uniformly dis

tagetes meal and extract, titanium dioxide, toasted partially defatted cooked cottonseed ?our, turmeric, termeric

persed throughout to provide an excellent marking property.

oleoresin, ultramarine blue, and vegetable juice. Colorants permitted in drugs (including colorants permitted in foods) that are (1) subject to certi?cation: FD&C Red No. 4, D&C Blue No. 4, D&C Blue No. 9, D&C Green No. 5, D&C Green No. 6, D&C Green No. 8, D&C Orange No. 4, D&C

Virtually any non-aqueous medium can be used as a 20

aqueous media of the acidulant or acid part and the aqueous chlorite part. Further, the non-aqueous material has to be a

Orange No. 5, D&C Orange No. 10, D&C Orange No. 11, D&C Red No. 6, D&C Red No. 7, D&C Red No. 17, D&C Red No. 21, D&C Red No. 22, D&C Red No. 27, D&C Red No. 28, D&C Red No. 30, D&C Red No. 31, D&C Red No. 33, D&C Red No. 34, D&C Red No. 36, D&C Red No.39, D&C Violet No. 2, D&C YelloW No. 7, D&C YelloW No. 8, D&C YelloW No. 10, D&C YelloW No. 11, and Ext. D&C YelloW No. 7. Additionally cantaxanthin, beta carotene, chlorophyllin, and other colors are knoWn. Often the process and use to formulate the antimastitis

substantial solvent for the colorant material. Such a non

aqueous phase must have the capacity to dissolve or suspend 25

Marmion, Handbook of US. Colorants, Foods, Drugs, Cos metics and Medical Devices, John Wiley & Sons Inc., NeW York (1991) and US. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, parts 70482.

position indicator for the combined antimastitis composi 30

35

40

can be substantially saturated or can have substantial unsat 45

50

period of time. In the absence of urea, typical organic dyes containing an oxidiZable structure having a number of aro 55

can be stabiliZed. We have found that using about 0.1 to about 5 Wt % of urea, in the acid part (about 0.1 to about 5 Wt

and synthetic drying oils typically comprise triglycerides the presence of unsaturated fatty acid esters having tWo or

60

mulated antimastitis composition. Alternatively, We have found that by incorporating the marker dye in a non-aqueous phase that is dispersed into the blending, can help maintain the color stability of the dye. A dye material that is soluble in the non-aqueous phase is

solid dry ?lm. Both synthetic and natural drying oils can be obtained, hoWever, natural oils are preferred. Both natural

unsaturated fatty acid. The reactivity of the oils results from

about 0.5 to 3 Wt % (about0.5 to about 3 Wt % based on the

acid part or into the ?nal combined teat dip material upon

comprising a substantial proportion of a drying oil. The use of a drying oil can aid in forming barrier layers in the inven tion since the drying oils can help form a ?lm When exposed to the air or upon exposure to oxidiZers present in the liquid phase, i.e. chlorite or chlorous acid. Drying oils oxidiZe upon exposure to the air from a liquid ?lm to a substantially

comprising one mole of glycerine and three moles of an

% of urea in the total formulated composition), preferably

total formulated composition) can provide excellent extended color stability for the marker dye in the fully for

uration. A preferred natural oil for use in forming a stable colorant

of the invention comprises forming the non-aqueous phase

urea is effective to maintain stable color for an extended

matic unsaturation and coordinated covalent unsaturation,

mers. Petroleum oils are typical oils derived from petroleum sources and re?ned leaving a substantially higher carbon material substantially free of Waxes but containing substan

tial proportions of hydrocarbon molecules. These materials

formulated With a color stabiliZing amount of urea in combi nation With an effective marking amount of dye to form an

acid part that has stable color. Further, When combined With the chlorite part to form a fully formulated composition, the

tions of the invention. Preferred non-aqueous materials for use in the invention are oily materials that have substantially limited aqueous solubility. Such oil materials can comprise both natural and petroleum oils. Such oils can be substantially saturated oils having little ole?nic unsaturation or can have substantial ole ?nic unsaturation. Natural oils that can be used include oily materials, substantial liquids at room temperature, derived from both animal and plant sources. Further synthetic and

petroleum oils can also be used. Synthetic oils typically comprise polyol esters of diacid materials, or ole?n oligo

We have found tWo mechanisms that can aid in the stabil

ity of the dyes used as marker indicators for the antimastitis compositions of the invention. We have found that the acid part of the antimastitis compositions of the invention can be

in an effective form up to 5 Wt % of the dye based on the non-aqueous phase. Such an amount Will be useful to act as a

compositions of the invention, the pH and other variables in the composition can have a large impact on color stability. Not only Will the oxidative effects of the chlorine species present in solution tend to reduce the color, but exposure to light, heat, air and other variables in the environment can also add to color instability. For a more detailed listing and/ or discussion on approved colors, please see D. M.

vehicle for the colorant. The important criterion for selection of the non-aqueous medium is its limited solubility in the

more non-conjugated double bonds separated by a single

methylene group:

combined With tWo or more other conjugated or non 65

conjugated double bonds. Typical compositions of some of the more important drying oils are shoWn in the folloWing table.

US RE41,279 E 13

14

TABLE 1

Preferred chemiluminescence systems including peroxy oxalate systems. In such systems, the excited species is acti vated through the reaction of hydrogen peroxide, a catalyst

Typical Fatty Acid Composition of Drying Oils From Seeds 3% Oil

Saturatedb

Oleic

Linoleic

Linolenic

linseed

10

22

16

52

perilla

7

14

16

63

saf?ower

10

13

77

soybean

16

24

51

sun?owerc sun?owerc

14 9

14 72

72 19

tungd

6

4

walnut

8

16

and an oxalate species. A proposed mechanism for such reaction is shown as follows:

9

72

“Proportions shown are approximate; actual compositions can vary greatly. bI’almitic and stearic acids. 6Examples of the especially large variations in composition of available sun

15

?ower oils. dAlso 82% I-eleostearic acid.

Such drying oils can be derived from ?ax seed in the form of

linseed oil, other drying oils can be obtained from soybean that can be modi?ed into a useful drying oil. Further, perilla,

20

ing oils but can be improved. Such oils can be converted or modi?ed into a drying oil by

heating with catalytic materials that can yield a polyunsatu 25

rately as a third oxidizing part (part 3). In use, part 1 contain ing the chemiluminescence species can be combined with part 2 containing the peroxide or the activating chlorite part

tacky, sticky or semi-solid ?lms. Non-drying oils undergo substantially no change in viscosity upon exposure to oxi 30

the number of methylene groups found between the double bonds in the molecule. The reactivity of these materials are well understood and form the basis of the reactivity of alkyd 35

position contains from about 1 to about 10 wt % hydrogen and contain from about 5 to about 15 wt % hydrogen perox ide can be used since they tend to be relatively storage stable for a su?icient period of time for use in these compositions.

light from chemical reactions at ordinary temperatures. or a product in an electronically excited state. With radiated

As discussed above, the present invention may generally

45

red radiation as well as visible light, however, the visible

mophore or colorant, and optional adjuvants. The preferred compositions of this invention comprise ingredients which 50

luminescence systems are selected such that the energy con tent of the 167 kJ-ein'l to 293 kJ-ein'l and an excited state where a visible light must have that same energy with

respect to its ground state. The excitation energy require ment is generally met by the sum of total reaction enthalpy and activation energy. Excitation appears to be general for this reaction but yields of excited products vary substantially with the substituents on the cyclic form. In liquid phase, chemiluminescence, two carbonyl groups are often formed by simultaneous decomposition of an intermediate yielding an excited species, carbon dioxide and other by-products. The excited species is often the source of visible light. In such reactions, substantial heat of formation of the carbonyl groups meets the energy requirement for the excited species. Substances that can provide the reaction including 1,2

dioxetanes, alpha peroxy lactones (1,2-dioxetanes), peroxy oxalate, luminol (phthalhydraZide) and organo metallic

compounds.

comprise in a mastitis control and prevention treatment com position a carrier, an acid part, an acidulant or admixture, an antimicrobial agent or admixture, a rheology modi?er or admixture, a ?lm-forming agent or admixture, a buffer system, a hydrotrope or admixture, an emollient or admixture, a surfactant or surfactant admixture, a chro

obtained. Electronically excited states can emit UV or infra

chemiluminescence is preferred. Because of the oxidative nature of the chemilumnescent reaction, the peroxide gener ated chemiluminescence is a preferred mechanism. Chemi

be included in the acid part or vice versa in an amount of about 0.1 to 10 wt %, preferably, 0.5 to about 5 wt %. The peroxide material is included in a chlorite part or vice versa in an amount such that the ?nal combined antimastitis com

peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide solutions that are stabilized

Chemiluminescent reactions produce a reaction intermediate

decay of the excited state, a quantum or quanta of light is produced resulting in the visible indication of the presence of the chemiluminescence system. When the excited state is a singlet, the radiative process is ?uorescent, when the excited state is a triplet, phosphorescent emission is

or vice versa or optionally such parts can be combined with a

third peroxide containing part. The luminescent species can

paints. Still further, a stable detectable indicator of the presence of the antimastitis compositions of the invention can be obtained by incorporating a chemiluminescent materials in the composition. Chemiluminescence is the emission of

rubrene or 5,12-bis(phenolethynyl)napthacene. In the antimastitis compositions of the invention, we believe that the organic chemiluminescent species can be included in the acid part while the peroxide materials can be combined in the chlorite part or vice versa or maintain sepa

air. Semi-drying oils come up on exposure to air can form

dating conditions. Reactivity of drying oils typically relate to

is a very e?icient non-enzymatic chemiluminescence. Quan tum ef?ciencies approach 27% for oxalate esters prepared

from 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 3-tri?uoromethyl-4-nitrophenol with ?uorescers including

saf?ower, sun?ower and walnut oil have limited use as dry

rated material. Such oils are classi?ed as drying oils through their capacity to form a solid ?lm upon oxidative exposure to

This system, peroxalate is converted to a dioxetanedione, a

highly unstable intermediate which decomposes into carbon dioxide and an activated ?uorescing species (?r*) that releases the visible light. Peroxy oxalate chemiluminescence

are generally regarded as safe, and are not of themselves or

in admixture incompatible with milk or milk by-products. Likewise, ingredients may be selected for any given compo sition which are cooperative in their combined effects

whether incorporated for antimicrobial ef?cacy, physical 55

integrity of the formulation or to facilitate healing and the health of the teat. Generally, the composition comprises a carrier which functions to dilute the active ingredients and facilitates application to the intended surface. The carrier is generally an aqueous medium such as water, or an organic liquid such as an oil, a surfactant, an alcohol, an ester, an ether, or an organic or aqueous mixture of any of these. Water is preferred as a carrier or diluent in compositions of

this invention because of its universal availability and unquestionable economic advantages over other liquid dilu 65 ents.

Acidulants are necessary ingredients within the mastitis control treatments of the invention to maintain the appropri

US RE41,279 E 15

16

ate pH for dissociation of the chlorite/chlorine dioxide release agent and to prevent dissociation of heptanoic,

tinued use of products With alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids levels beloW 10% has been shoWn to result in gradual reduc tion of ?ne lines and an improvement in skin texture through

octanoic, nonanoic, decanoic and undecanoic carboxylic

accelerated desquamation. Although conjecture at present, it

acids employed as non-fugitive antimicrobial agents. Car boxylic acids become increasingly biocidal as the pH falls

is believed that some, if not all of these advantages may also be transferred upon the bovine teat skin. By incorporating an

beloW their pKa value; consequently, for the carboxylic

alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid, healing may be accelerated; and, by “smoothing” the dermal surface, cleaning and asep

acids mentioned above, a pH ranging from about 2.5 to 5.5, preferably from about 2.5 to 4.5 and most preferably from about 2.5 to 3.5 is desirable. The acidic component used to prepare the acidic teat dip compositions of the invention Will comprise a Weak inorganic acid or a Weak organic acid Which can be dissolved in the aqueous system of the inven tion to produce an acidic pH. A pH substantially less than about 1 can result in substantial irritation, While a pH greater than about 5 can unacceptably reduce the ef?ciency of the

sis may be improved. The most preferred alpha hydroxycarboxylic acid for compositions of this invention is lactic acid.

composition. The term “Weak” as used in reference to an acidic component is intended to refer to an acid in Which the

Numerous inorganic and organic antimicrobial agents may be utiliZed in teat dip compositions including (but not limited to) chlorine and bromine release compounds (eg alkali and alkaline earth hypochlorites and hypobromites, isocyanurates, chlorinated derivatives of hydantoin, sulfamide, amine, etc.), iodine release complexes of surfac

?rst dissociation step does not proceed essentially to

tants or polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (termed

completion When the acid is dissolved in Water at ambient

iodophors), quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorhexi dine salts, peroxide and peroxyacid compounds, protonated

temperatures at a concentration Within a range useful to form 20

the present compositions. Such inorganic and organic acids

short chain carboxylic acids, acidi?ed anionic surfactants and chlorine dioxide. Of these typically applied antimicro bial agents Which have been investigated for control of

are also referred to as Weak electrolytes as the term is used in

Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, I. M. Kolthoff et al., eds., The Macmillan Co. (3d ed., 1952) at pages 34*37, the disclosure of Which is incorporated by reference

bovine mastitis, protonated short chain (C741) carboxylic 25

acids, acidi?ed alkylaryl sulfonates and chlorine dioxide are

herein. Most common commercially-available Weak inorganic and organic acids can be used in the invention. Preferred

proven ef?cacious against mastitis causing microorganisms;

Weak inorganic acids include phosphoric acid and sulfamic acid. Useful Weak organic acids include acetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and the like. Acidulants found useful include organic and inorganic acids such as citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid,

C7_ll carboxylic acids and chlorin dioxide are especially

and, are preferred in compositions of the present invention.

More speci?cally, dodecylbenZene sulfonic acid, protonated 30

The composition of the invention may also contain one or

more rheology modi?ers, to enhance viscosity, or thicken and cause the aqueous treatment to cling to the surface skin

adipic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, propionic acid, malic acid, alkane sulfonic acids, cycloalkane sulfonic acids, as

35

and resisting Waste because of excessive dripping. The rhe

40

examples of alpha-hydroxymonocarboxylic acids being glycolic, lactic and hydroxybutanoic acid; and, examples of hydroxydicarboxylic acids being malic and tartaric acids. We have found a surprising interaction betWeen the acidu lant material and a second antimicrobial acid composition.

45

colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate (VEEGUM®), col loidal clays (Bentonites), or silicas (CAB-O-SILS®) Which have been fumed or precipitated to create particles With large

acid composition can comprise a C7_l l carboxylic acid or a 50

tragacanth, karaya, and acacia gums; and extractives such as caragheenan, locust bean gum, guar gum and pectin; or, pure culture fermentation products such as xanthan gum are all 55

invention.

60

impact on skin treatment due to their ability to reduce cor

stimulate synthesis of collagen and mucopolysaccharides in derived through a continued pattern of product usage. Con

potentially useful in the invention. Chemically, all of these materials are salts of complex anionic polysaccharides. Syn thetic natural-based thickeners having application are cellu losic derivatives Wherein the free hydroxyl groups on the linear anhydro-glucose polymers have been etheri?ed or esteri?ed to give a family of substances Which dissolve in Water and give viscous solutions. This group of materials

includes the alkyl and hydroxyllalkycelluloses, speci?cally

neocyte adhesion and accelerate cell proliferation Within the basal layers. Though mechanism of action is not yet fully understood, alpha-hydroxycarboxylic also are thought to the dermis. At use levels under 10%, skin care bene?ts are

surface to siZe ratios. Natural hydrogel thickeners of use are

primarily vegetable derived exudates. For example,

Which effects initial kill from chlorine dioxide contributed by the acidulated chlorite and a long lasting kill in the barrier

Used in personal care products, alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids absorb moisture from the atmosphere and therefore, When applied topically, increase moisture content and plas ticity of the stratum comeum. They have had signi?cant

petroleum-based. Inorganic thickeners are generally compounds such as

hydroxy carboxylic acid in combination With a secondary antimicrobial acid composition. The second antimicrobial

layer from the carboxylic acid/sulfonic acid material. This cooperation of ingredients is an important aspect of the

ology modi?er may be a ?lm former or act cooperatively With a ?lm-forming agent to form a barrier that provides additional protection. Water soluble or Water dispersible rhe ology modi?ers that are useful can be classi?ed as inorganic or organic. The organic thickeners can further be divided

into natural and synthetic polymers With the latter still fur ther subdivided into synthetic natural-based and synthetic

Preferably, the acidulant material comprises the C2_6 alpha

hydrocarbon sulfonic acid composition. These materials Work together to provide a cooperative antimicrobial action

of the teat. Clinging enables the composition to remain in contact With transient and resident pathogenic bacteria for

longer periods of time, promoting microbiological e?icacy

Well as phosphoric acid and the like or mixtures thereof. Preferred acidulants are those commonly referred to as C2_6

alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids, that group of acids Which contain a hydroxy function in the alpha position directly adjacent to the carbon atom bearing the carboxyl function,

preferred antimicrobial agents.

65

methylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxybutylmethycellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose. Synthetic petroleum-based Water

US RE41,279 E 17

18

soluble polymers are prepared by direct polymerization of

Weak acid becomes a buffer When alkali is added, and the Weak base becomes a buffer When acid is added. Mainte nance of the pH of compositions described in the present invention is necessary to minimiZe undesirable chemical

suitable monomers of Which polyvinylpyrrolidone,

polyvinylmethylether, polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, and polyethylene

changes Which may inhibit the microbiological e?icacy of

imine are representative. All thickeners do not Work With equal effectiveness in this invention. Preferred aqueous thickening agents Which are

the antimicrobial agent or cause toxic or irritating effect

upon the teat. Any compatible organic or inorganic material

more useful in this invention are those Which are extremely

or mixture of materials Which has the desired effect of main

pseudoplastic (non-Newtonian, rapid relaxation), tend not to

taining the composition pH Within prescribed ranges can by

develop a rigid three-dimensional structure from interpoly

utiliZed as the buffering agent or system in the instant inven

mer interactions, have a loW or negligible viscoelastic char

tion. Of primary concern are pH shifts caused by naturally

acter and possess a high gel strength. Such rheological prop

occurring chemicals brought into the composition, after

erties are manifested in a teat dip composition Which has a

application onto the teat, by skin exudations, milk or envi ronmental soils; and, pH drifting Which sometimes accom

smooth ?oWing appearance, is easy to pour and apply onto

the teat, coats uniformly Without forming mucilage stream

panies chemical equilibriums established Within composi

ers as the applicator is WithdraWn and remains ?rmly in

tions as ingredients are changed or concentrations varied.

place Without signi?cant sag. Examples of preferred rheol

In general, the pH of bovine mastitis control treatments

ogy modi?ers are xanthan gum and the hydroxylalkylcellu loses. Generally, the concentration of thickener used in the

present invention Will be dictated by the ?nal composition any by the method of teat application. Spraying or misting requires a loWer composition viscosity for easy and effective application of treatment than dipping. Film-forming barrier

can vary from a loW of about pH 2.0 to a maximum of 20

because optimal e?icacy normally occurs With a speci?c, narroW, pH range. Therefore the buffering agent or system is

chosen accordingly. The preferred pH range of compositions

dips typically require high apparent viscosity necessary to form thick coatings on teats Which insures improved prophy lactic effect. For compositions of this invention designed to provide a

25

barrier for prophylactic protection, additional ?lm-forming agents are included Which typically Work in conjunction With thickeners. In fact, many of the aforementioned rheol

approximately 11.0 depending primarily upon the choice of antimicrobial agent being incorporated in the composition

of this invention is typically from 2.5 to 5.5 most preferably, about 2.5 to 3.5ithe loWer value being a limit to prevent excessive irritation on the teat surface; and, the upper limit set to enhance chlorine dioxide formation and maintain anti

microbial effect of the protonated carboxylic acid(s) and/or acidi?ed anionic surfactant. A typical and preferred buffer 30

system Would be citric acid and its alkali metal salt.

ogy modi?ers are themselves ?lm formers of greater or

HoWever, any acidulant and corresponding conjugate Weak

lesser effectiveness; hoWever, a preferred grade of polyvinyl

base could be used. SolubiliZing agents called hydrotropes or couplers may be generally used in compositions of the present invention to

alcohol When used With preferred thickeners such as xanthan gum or hydroxyalkylcelluloses affords particularly useful

properties to compositions of this teaching, most notably the

35

maintain physical single phase integrity and storage stability.

development of “balanced” ?lms on treated teats Which are

To this end, any number of ingredients knoWn to those

suf?ciently Water-sensitive to be stripped off With conven tional udder Washing, but capably adherent to the teat skin to

functional and polyfunctional alcohols. These preferably

Withstand premature loss of integrity betWeen milkings and intrinsically resistant to environmental exposure; and, in

skilled in formulation art may be employed, such as mono

contain from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and from 1 to 40

about 6 hydroxy groups. Examples include ethanol,

addition, are of such structure as to successfully occlude

isopropanol, n-propanol, l,2-propanediol, l,2-butanediol,

antimicrobial agents Within the ?lm matrix for continuing biocidal effect against mastitis causing organisms. The suc cess of the barriers thus formed by compositions of this

2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, mannitol and glucose. Also use

invention are, in part, a consequence of a hydrophobic

ful are the higher glycols, polyglycols, polyoxides, glycol ethers and propylene glycol ethers. Additional useful hydro 45

hydrophilic balance, caused When non-volatile ingredients, especially fatty acids, surfactants and hydrotropes, become

tropes include the free acids and alkali metal salts of sul fonated alkylaryls such as toluene, xylene, cumene and phe nol or phenol ether or diphenyl ether sulfonates; alkyl and

resident throughout the ?lm and Whose individual properties

dialkyl naphthalene sulfonates and alkoxylated derivatives.

become additive With those characteristics of the thickeners and ?lm formers. Such inclusions also plasticiZe the ?lm and

The most preferred hydrotrope for the most preferred

Polyvinyl alcohol compositions can be used as a ?lm

embodiments of this invention is l-octane sulfonate or mix tures of l-octane sulfonate and l,2-octane disulfonate manu factured and held for proprietary use under the name NAS by

former. Variation of ?lm ?exibility, Water sensitivity, ease of solvation, viscosity, ?lm strength and adhesion can be varied

Ecolab Inc, St. Paul, Minn. Teat dip compositions of the present invention generally

50

render it pliable.

by adjusting molecular Weight and degree of hydrolysis. The preferred polyvinyl alcohol for use in compositions herein has a degree of hydrolysis greater than 92%, preferably greater than 98%, most preferably greater than 98.5%; and, has a molecular Weight (Mn) that falls in the range of betWeen about 15,000 and 100,000, but preferably betWeen 40,000 and 70,000 corresponding to a solution viscosity (4% Wt aqueous solution measured in centipoise (cP) at 200 C. by Hoeppler falling ball method) of l2i55 cP and l2i25 cP

55

condition, soothe, smooth, soften, and generally reduce and

60

taining both a Weak acid and its conjugate Weak base, Whose pH changes only slightly on addition of acid or alkali. The

promote the healing of irritation on the teat surface. Such irritation may result either from the antimicrobial agent, from the mechanical action of the milking machine or from environmental conditions such as Wind chill, dehydration, abrasion and sunburn. Any Water soluble or dispersible skin

conditioning agent may be used in this present invention. Compositions such as polyhydric alcohols are useful in the

respectively. The classical de?nition of a buffered solution is one con

also comprise an emollient and/or humectant to lubricate,

65

invention including glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, and propy lene glycol and its homopolymers; fatty acid esters of simple monohydril alcohols including isopropyl palmitate or iso propyl myristate and similar esters; polyol esters of fatty

US RE41,279 E 19

20

acids; and, ethoxylated lanolins, vegetable oils, and similar

The surfactant or surfactant admixture of the present invention can be selected from compatible Water soluble or

natural sourced derivatives such as aloe. Preferred emol

lients to be used in the invention include glycerin, sorbitol, and propylene glycol. A preferred emollient system for use

Water dispersible nonionic, or anionic surface-active agents; or mixtures of each or both types. Nonionic and anionic

in the invention comprises a combination of lanolin and a

surfactants offer diverse and comprehensive commercial

polyhydroxy emollient composition. The preferred emol

selection, loW price; and, most important, excellent detersive effectimeaning surface Wetting. Surface-active or “Wetting agents” function to increase the penetrant activity of the

lient composition comprises lanolin, a lanolin derivative combined With a polyhydroxy compound selected from the

group consisting of glycerin, sorbitol, glucitol, propylene

invention into the tissue surface at risk from mastitis causing pathogens. Nonionic surfactants useful in the invention are

glycol and mixtures thereof. Lanolin, a commodity material, also knoWn as Wool fat, oespios, agnin, alaporin, is a Waxy fatty secretion of sheep. In sheep, sebaceous glands secrete a

generally characteriZed by the presence of an organic hydro phobic group and an organic hydrophilic group and are typi

“fat-like” Waxy secretion Which is deposited onto the Wool ?ber. Chemically a Wax, the material is a complex mixture of

esters and polyesters of 33 high-molecular-Weight alcohols and 33 fatty acids. The alcohols are of three types: aliphatic alcohols, steroidal alcohols and triterpenoid alcohols; the acids are of three types: saturated non-hydroxylated acids, unsaturated non-hydroxylated acids and hydroxlyated acids. Liquid lanolin is rich in loW molecular Weight branched ali phatic acids and alcohols While Waxy lanolin is rich in high molecular Weight straight chain acids and alcohols. RevieWs regarding compositions, derivatives, modi?cations and uses are found in Barnet, Drug and Cosmet. lnd., Ad, 744 (1957);

cally produced by the condensation of an organic aliphatic, alkyl aromatic or polyoxyalkylene hydrophobic compound With a hydrophilic alkaline oxide moiety Which in common

practice is ethylene oxide or a polyhydration product

thereof, polyethylene glycol. Practically any hydrophobic compound having a hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, or amido group With a reactive hydrogen atom can be condensed With 20

surface-active agent. The length of the hydrophilic polyoxy alkylene moiety Which is condensed With any particular hydrophobic compound can be readily adjusted to yield a

83, 292 (1958); LeideritZ, Chem. lkerZtg., 83, 707 (1959); F. FaWaZ et al., Ann. Pharm. Franc., 33, 217, 226 (1973). Rheo logical properties of lanolin are discussed in F. Poisieux, Pharm. Acta. Helv., 51, 289 (1976). Please also the mono

25

desired degree of balance betWeen hydrophilic and hydro Useful nonionic surfactants in the present invention

include: Block polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene poly meric compounds based upon propylene glycol, ethylene

about 2(L25 Wt % Water and is yelloWish White in color

having a slight odor. The material is, for all practical

glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, and ethylenediamine

purposes, insoluble in Water but is soluble in chloroform or ether With the inherent separation of Water from the Wax

as the initiator reactive hydrogen compound. Examples of polymeric compounds made from a sequential propoxyla

lipid mass. Anhydrous lanolin is yelloWish, tenacious, semi solid fatty appearing material, With a slight odor. Anhydrous 35

ingly soluble in alcohol While freely soluble in benZene, chloroform, ether, carbon disul?de, acetone or petroleum ether. Lanolin is a natural product material produced in the manufacture of Wool yarn. A preferred emollient composi tion contains a lanolin derivative in combination With a poly

oxide With a hydrophobic base formed by the addition of 40

propylene oxide to tWo hydroxyl groups of propylene glycol. This hydrophobic portion of the molecule Weighs from

45

about 1,000 to about 4,000. Ethylene oxide is then added to sandWich this hydrophobe betWeen hydrophilic groups, con trolled by length to constitute from about 10% by Weight to about 80% by Weight of the ?nal molecule. TETRONIC® compounds are tetra-functional block copolymers derived

lanolin species are knoWn including a lanolin glycerol ester or ether, acetylated lanolin alcohol, lanolinamide DEA iso

propyl lanolate, oleyl lanolate, hydrogenated lanolin, oil, lanolin ricinoleate, lanolin Wax and a polyethylene gly col derivative of lanolin (PEG-lanolin). The PEG-lanolin derivative (CAS number 61790-81-6) can contain from about 5 to about 100 moles of ethylene glycol per mole of the PEG lanolin derivative. Preferred derivatives comprise about 40 to 85 moles of ethylene oxide per mole derivative.

from the sequential additional of propylene oxide and ethyl

50

These materials are sold under the tradenames LANETO-50; SOLAN-50; ETHOXYLAN-50; SOLULAN-75 from a vari ety of commercial sources. A preferred humectant for use in

these materials comprises combining, in a fully formulated teat dip material, about 0.01 to about 100 parts by Weight of

tion and ethoxylation of initiator are commercially available under the trade name PLURONIC® manufactured by BASE Corp. PLURONIC® compounds are difunctional (tWo reac

tive hydrogens) compounds formed by condensing ethylene

hydroxy compound. A variety of relatively neutral emollient

hydroxylated lanolin, lanolin lanoleate, isobutylated lanolin

Water dispersible or Water soluble compound having the

phobic properties.

graph: E. V. Truter, Wool Wax, Chemistry and Technology, (lnterscience, 1956). The typical lanolin product contains

lanolin melts at 38*42o C., is insoluble in Water, but spar

ethylene oxide, or its polydration adducts, or its mixtures With alkoxylenes such as propylene oxide to form a nonionic

55

ene oxide to ethylenediamine. The molecular Weight of the propylene oxide hydrotype ranges from about 500 to about 7,000; and, the hydrophile, ethylene oxide, is added to con stitute from about 10% by Weight to about 80% by Weight of the molecule. Also useful nonionic surfactants include the condensation products of one mole of alkyl phenol Wherein the alkyl constituent, contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms With from about 3 to about 50 moles of ethylene oxide. The

alkyl group can, for example, be represented by

the PEG lanolin derivative for each one part by Weight of a

diisobutylene, di-amyl, polymeriZed propylene, isoctyl,

polyhydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of glycerine, sorbitol, glucitol and mixtures thereof. The pre

nonyl, and di-nonyl. Examples of commercial compounds of

ferred teat dip compositions contain about 0.1 to about 15 Wt

60

this chemistry are available on the market under the trade name IGEPAL® manufactured by Rhone-Poulenc and TRI

% of the polyhydroxy humectant combination, preferably

TON® manufactured by Union Carbide.

about 0.2 to 5 Wt % and about 0.1 to 10 Wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 5 Wt. % of the lanolin composition. The combination of the lanolin derivative and the polyhydroxy emollient com

tion products of one mole of a saturated or unsaturated,

pound provides surprisingly enhanced soothing protection

LikeWise useful nonionic surfactants include condensa

65

straight or branched chain alcohol having from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms With from about 3 to about 50 moles

for animals exposed to repeated milking and harsh condi

of ethylene oxide. The alcohol moiety can consist of mix

tions.

tures of alcohols in the above delineated carbon range or it

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