DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
FIREARMS MANUAL
PREFACE
This manual was developed and has been revised by the Defensive Tactics and Firearms Committee. The techniques chosen for this manual were taken from our collective previous training. They were adopted and applied in the conversion training of the last few years. As in any area of training, we know some of you will have a personal preference for techniques other than what is presented here. Our objective, however, to establish consistency on a statewide basis, that will benefit all wardens. You, therefore, will be required to become proficient in these techniques. This manual can be used as a guide for self-practice without the direct supervision of a rangemaster. All firearms safety rules shall apply and be followed. This will allow you to refresh your training between quarterly training meetings. As you use the manual, please note areas that could be improved and forward recommendations to the committee through your instructor. This training, as stated above, is for the benefit of all wardens and we anticipate you will use it to your advantage. THE DEFENSIVE TACTICS/FIREARMS COMMITTEE Northern District North Coast District Central District Southern District OSPR Headquarters Academy Training Captain
Mitch Carlson Chad Alexander John Nores Steve White Bill Dailey Rob Simpson Mike Stefanak Christian Corbo Kyle Hiatt Troy Bruce (Chairman) John Lawson Dan Duran
Rev 01/09
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1: FIREARMS POLICY
Deadly Force..................................................................................................................................... 1.1 Reporting.......................................................................................................................................... 1.1 Department Issued Firearms............................................................................................................. 1.1 Firearms Inspections......................................................................................................................... 1.1 Firearms Instructors.......................................................................................................................... 1.1 Firearms Instructor Nomination and Renewal Procedure................................................................. 1.1 Ammunition...................................................................................................................................... 1.2 Holsters.............................................................................................................................................. 1.2 Other Information............................................................................................................................. 1.2 Qualification Courses........................................................................................................................ 1.2 Qualification Course Rules............................................................................................................... 1.3 Remedial Training............................................................................................................................ 1.3 Fish and Game Commission Shoot.................................................................................................... 1.4 Firearms Instructor Agreement and Requirements............................................................................ 1.6 Firearms Instructor Nomination Form............................................................................................... 1.7 Firearms Instructor Qualifications and Program Standards............................................................... 1.9
SECTION 2: FIREARM SAFETY
Safety on Duty/Training................................................................................................................... 2.1 Range Safety Rules........................................................................................................................... 2.1
Sighting In Your Weapon.................................................................................................................. Grip................................................................................................................................................... Sight Picture/Alignment................................................................................................................... Common Sighting Errors.................................................................................................................. Trigger Control and Follow Through............................................................................................... Re-Loading....................................................................................................................................... Stances/Techniques........................................................................................................................... Pistol Malfunctions...........................................................................................................................
SECTION 3: SHOOTING FUNDAMENTALS
3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.11
Tap, Rack, Bang................................................................................................................... 3.14
SECTION 4: SHOTGUNS Shotgun - General..................................................................................................................4.2 Loading the Shotgun.............................................................................................................4.2 Combat Loading....................................................................................................................4.3 Unloading the Shotgun..........................................................................................................4.3 Shotgun Carrying Positions...................................................................................................4.5 Firing the Shotgun.................................................................................................................4.5 Shotgun Malfunctions...........................................................................................................4.6 SECTION 5: RIFLES Rifles - General................................................................................................................................. 5.1
Rifle Safety on the Range................................................................................................................. 5.1 Rifle Safety on Duty......................................................................................................................... 5.1 General Rifle Shooting..................................................................................................................... 5.3
Rev 01/09
Rifle Shooting Positions................................................................................................................... 5.4 M-14/M1A Semi-Automatic Rifle Malfunctions............................................................................... 5.7
SECTION 6: CARE AND CLEANING OF WEAPONS Glock Pistol Cleaning..................................................................................................................... 6.1
Reassembly Procedures.................................................................................................................. 6.7 Safety Devices................................................................................................................................ 6.7 Remington 870 Shotgun Cleaning.................................................................................................. 6.8 M-14/M1A Rifle Field Stripping...................................................................................................6.11 Disassembly Into Three Main Groups.......................................................................................... 6.12 Assembly Of The Three Main Groups.......................................................................................... 6.13 Disassembly Of The Barrel And Receiver Group........................................................................ 6.13 Assembly Of The Barrel And Receiver Groups........................................................................... 6.16 M-14/MIA Rifle Cleaning And Maintenance............................................................................... 6.17
SECTION 7: TACTICAL APPLICATIONS Night Shooting................................................................................................................................ 7.1
Tactical Weapon Mounted Lighting Systems................................................................................. 7.1 Shotgun Training Checklist............................................................................................................ 7.4 Handgun/Rifle Training Checklist.................................................................................................. 7.5 Flashlight Positions......................................................................................................................... 7.6 Flashlight Techniques for “Tail Cap” Style Flashlights.................................................................. 7.7 Cover And Concealment................................................................................................................. 7.8 Tactical Considerations................................................................................................................... 7.9 Tactical Sling Application............................................................................................................. 7.10
SECTION 8: FIREARMS COURSES Warden’s Course............................................................................................................................. 8.1
Undercover Sidearm Course........................................................................................................... 8.2 Night Course................................................................................................................................... 8.3 Retired Warden’s Course................................................................................................................ 8.4 Shotgun Course............................................................................................................................... 8.5 Shotgun Qualification Course of Fire (Low Light Course)............................................................ 8.6 Rifle Course.................................................................................................................................... 8.6 Rifle Qualification Course of Fire................................................................................................... 8.6 Rifle Course 2................................................................................................................................. 8.8 Rifle Qualification Course of Fire 2................................................................................................ 8.8 Rifle Qualification Course of Fire (Low Light Course).................................................................. 8.8 Additional/Alternate Courses......................................................................................................... 8.9
Additional/Alternative Courses Training Courses............................................................................................................................. 8.8 Close Combat Shooting.................................................................................................................. 8.8 Warden Shooting Medals................................................................................................................ 8.8 PPC (California Combat Association)............................................................................................ 8.8
SECTION 9: SIMUNITIONS
Approval......................................................................................................................................... 9.1 Qualifications.................................................................................................................................. 9.1 Training........................................................................................................................................... 9.1 Procedures....................................................................................................................................... 9.2
Personnel......................................................................................................................................... 9.2 Training Location............................................................................................................................ 9.4 Equipment....................................................................................................................................... 9.5 Training Objectives......................................................................................................................... 9.6 Briefings.......................................................................................................................................... 9.7 Simunition Scenario Execution Checklist...................................................................................... 9.8 Training Evolution Brief................................................................................................................. 9.9 Basic Simunitions Safety Guidelines (ENF 80)........................................................................... 9.10 Simunition Instructor Information Card (ENF 81a)......................................................................9.11 Simunition Student Training Objectives (ENF 81b).................................................................... 9.12 Simunition Equipment Requirements (ENF 81c)......................................................................... 9.13 Simunition Role-Player Information Cards (ENF 81d)................................................................ 9.14
SECTION 10: ENTRY TRAINING PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES
Training and Proficiency Requirements........................................................................................ 10.1 Department Entry Principles......................................................................................................... 10.1 Entry Perimeter Team Personnel Needed..................................................................................... 10.1 Entry Team Basic Principles......................................................................................................... 10.1 Entry Team Features..................................................................................................................... 10.1 Entry Team Order......................................................................................................................... 10.2 Entry Team Assignments.............................................................................................................. 10.2 Execution of the Point Officer System......................................................................................... 10.2 Room Clearing Standard Operating Procedures........................................................................... 10.4 Room clearing Techniques............................................................................................................ 10.4 Weapons Handling........................................................................................................................ 10.4
SECTION 1
FIREARMS POLICY A. DEADLY FORCE. An officer may use deadly force when the officer reasonably believes that there exists an immediate threat of death or serious bodily harm to the officer or another person. See Lexipol 300.3, 304. B. REPORTING. Any discharge of a firearm at another person, shall be reported without delay through supervisors to the Chief of the Law Enforcement Division. A written incident report shall be submitted within 48 hours. See Lexipol 304.14. C. DEPARTMENT ISSUED FIREARMS. Current Department issued firearms are the Glock Model 22 and 27 .40 caliber pistols, the Remington Model 870 12 gauge shotgun, and the Government Model M-14 or Springfield M1A .308 caliber rifle. See Lexipol 312.2, 312.21. D. FIREARMS INSPECTIONS. All Department firearms shall be inspected by a Department certified weapons inspection officer, a manufacturer’s certified armorer, or designated service representative at least once per fiscal year according to the following schedule and regardless of when the firearms were last inspected - all Department firearms shall be inspected between January 1 and June 30 of each year. An annual inspection form will be submitted to your supervisor, Assistant Chief and headquarters. Department firearms which do not pass an inspection shall not be carried until cleared or repaired. E. FIREARMS INSTRUCTORS. Successful completion of a Department of Fish and Game firearms instructor course, or equivalent, is required for qualification as a Department firearms instructor. Department firearms instructors shall attend an instructor update every three years, or as provided by the department, to stay current. Department firearms instructors shall demonstrate an acceptable proficiency level during their training. F. FIREARMS INSTRUCTOR NOMINATION AND RENEWAL PROCEDURE. Officers nominated to become Firearms Instructors shall complete the Firearms Instructor nomination form (page 1.7) and submit it through the proper chain of command for approval. Those receiving approval will be required to attend the DFG Firearms Instructor course if they have not already done so. Upon completion of the course, the officer will complete the Firearms Instructor agreement (page 1.6) which will remain in place until the next DFG sponsored Firearms Instructor update. Officers that have attended POST certified Firearms Instructor training prior to employment with the Department or who are being reinstated as Firearms Instructors must attend a POST certified DFG Firearms Instructor update prior to being able to teach. (1) All Firearms Instructors must complete DFG sponsored instructor update training every three to four years. (2) Officers must submit the Firearms Instructor Agreement (page 1.6) and approval prior to attending a DFG Firearms Instructor update for renewal. (3) Agreements may be denied by the chain of command without cause or if officers no longer meet the standards set forth on page 1.9. Rev 01/09
1.1
G. AMMUNITION.
1. Department Issued Firearms: a. The Department shall purchase and issue to each officer, during each fiscal year, a sufficient amount of factory service ammunition to qualify and practice as required. Only Department issued service ammunition shall be carried and used in Department issued firearms. b. Reloaded ammunition shall not be fired or carried in the Department issued firearms.
H. HOLSTERS.
1. On duty - in uniform: The Department approved holsters for the Glock Model 22 are the Safariland Model 295, 6280, and the Davis Top Draw Model 4500 in basket weave or nylon finish. The Department approved holsters for the Glock Model 27 are the Tex Shoemaker models N17 and 60PC or equivalent. Officers must demonstrate proficiency during initial issuance of these holsters. If special duty requires the use of other holsters they must be securely attached to the body. The holster must keep the trigger guard covered and the firearm secured by some type of retention device. Officers shall be proficient with the use of all holsters carried on duty. Officers shall keep holsters clean and in good working order. (See Lexipol 1046.54 for load bearing vest requirements)
2. Off duty, plain clothes, undercover: Officers carrying Department issued firearms off duty, in plain clothes, or while working under cover shall ensure the weapon is being carried in a safe and secure manner and concealed. See Lexipol 312.22(c).
I. OTHER INFORMATION.
1. It is the responsibility of each officer to maintain their firearms in a clean, safe, and operable condition at all times. State issued firearms shall not be altered without prior Department approval.
J. QUALIFICATION COURSES.
1. Each officer at the rank of Warden and Lieutenant shall qualify as follows:
a. Warden’s Course. Once per quarter with the duty sidearm.
b. Weapons Choice Discussion. Once per quarter.
c. Warden’s Undercover Sidearm Course. Twice per year with the Department issued undercover sidearm (Glock Model 27.)
1.2
Rev 01/09
d. Night Course. Two per year using service ammunition, not to exceed once per quarter.
e. Alternate Training Course. At least one training course shall be completed per quarter.
f. Shotgun Course. A shotgun qualification score shall be fired twice (one day light and one low light) per year, not to exceed one score per quarter.
g. Rifle Course. Two (one day light and one low light) rifle qualification scores shall be fired each calendar year.
3. It is the individual officer’s responsibility to insure that his/her quarterly firearms qualification requirements are completed.
2. Each officer at the rank of Captain and above shall complete four qualifying courses per calendar year. At least three of the qualification courses shall be with the duty sidearm and one minimum shotgun and/or rifle, if issued.
K. QUALIFICATION COURSE RULES. Each officer shall achieve and maintain the ability to fire minimum qualifying scores with all firearms carried while on duty. Failure to fire a minimum qualifying score at a qualifying shoot or makeup shoot shall result in remedial training. Firearms instructors shall keep the officer’s immediate supervisor appraised of the officer’s status. 1. No more than two attempts at qualification will be allowed during a quarterly shoot. Remedial training may start as soon as possible. (See Section L)
2. No alibies will be allowed on qualification courses, except for verifiable firearm or cartridge malfunctions.
3. Once an officer has started a qualification course, their score shall be submitted unless prior arrangements have been made with the firearms instructor.
4. Qualification courses shall be fired under the direction of a Department firearms instructors.
5. All officers shall wear Department issued, or equal quality, ear and eye protection on the range while firing is in progress.
6. A missed qualification course must be made up as soon as possible during that quarter.
7. When qualifying with Department issued firearms, all officers shall shoot with Department issued ammunition only.
L. REMEDIAL TRAINING.
Step 1. Remedial training shall begin as soon as practical under the direct supervision of a qualified firearms instructor. Necessary additional ammunition shall be allotted during the Rev 01/09
1.3
remedial training period. Assistant Chief’s may authorize the purchase of additional ammunition to be used for remedial training.
Step 2. After remedial training, a qualifying score shall be fired prior to the next qualification cycle, or the officer shall not be allowed to carry the firearm. The officer shall be re-assigned to duties other than law enforcement pending Departmental action for not meeting job requirements.
M. FISH AND GAME COMMISSION SHOOT
The Fish and Game Commission in conjunction with the Department of Fish and Game may establish, when fiscally feasible, an annual handgun competition shoot. 1. Participation in the Commission Shoot process shall be open to all law enforcement officers, in good standing, who are assigned to the Department of Fish and Game Law EnforcementDivision.
2. The competition course of fire will be Stage A of the California Combat Association PPC course.
a. 30 rounds/300 point’s possible/B-27 target. b. 7 yard line/18 seconds/12 rounds, standing (point shoulder, aiming) from the holster. c. 25 yard line/90 seconds/six rounds kneeling strong hand, six rounds weak hand standing barricade, six rounds strong hand standing barricade (in this order) from the holster. d. Targets shall be scored adding the total ring value of each hit on target.
3. The Commission Shoot, if held, shall take place during the 4th quarter of the fiscal year. 4. Officers interested in participating in the Commission Shoot shall shoot Stage A of the California Combat Association PPC course one time only, for qualification purposes, during the first three quarters of the fiscal year. Prior to starting, the officer shall advise the range master that the course fired is for participation in the Commission Shoot. This shall take place during normal quarterly range training. The target will be scored by the range master or an Enforcement Division supervisor. 5. Each District Assistant Chief shall review the scores of participating officers and compile a four officer team based on the four highest scores per District. Only those officers will be authorized to participate in the Commission Shoot. 6. During the Commission Shoot each officer will shoot Stage A of the California Combat Association PPC course one time only, utilizing PPC rules. The team score will be the total aggregate of the individual team member’s scores. 7. Shooting medals will be awarded to 1st, 2nd and 3rd individual winners and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd team winners. There will be a perpetual trophy which will go to the winning team’s district headquarters.
1.4
Rev 01/09
8. The Fish and Game Commission and the Department of Fish and Game will cover the costs of any travel associated with the actual Commission Shoot and the purchase of medals. No overtime will be authorized for participating in these events. 9. Officers participating in the Commission Shoot shall only use their Department of Fish and Game Glock Model 22, with issued Sam/Sally Brown equipment and Department issued ammunition.
Rev 01/09
1.5
FIREARMS INSTRUCTOR AGREEMENT AND REQUIREMENTS Maintenance of an officer’s certification as a Firearms Instructor requires each instructor participate in the POST certified updates provided by DFG every 3 to 4 years. An instructor declining to teach when requested by supervisors, without cause, during their three to four year commitment may be removed from the Firearms Instructor Program. By signing this document, I acknowledge I have read and understood the terms stated above. I understand as a Firearms Instructor, I will serve in the program at the discretion of the Chief of Enforcement from the date of appointment, with written renewals of this agreement required prior to my attendance at a DFG Firearms Instructor update course. I understand I can be removed from the program during my appointment without cause at any time. I also understand, upon reasonable notice of my failure to comply with the above stated terms, I may be separated from the Firearms Instructor Program. This agreement is voluntary on the part of the officer and may be terminated at his/her request. Officer______________________________________ Date_____________ Approval of Supervisor_________________________ Date_____________ Captain _____________________________________ Date______________ Assistant Chief ________________________________ Date______________
1.6
Rev 01/09
FIREARMS INSTRUCTOR NOMINATION FORM NOMINATED OFFICERS STATEMENT: Include; experience, training, interest and commitment to training as a firearms instructor.
Printed Name: ___________________ Signature: ______________________ Date: _________ Rev 01/09
1.7
FIREARMS INSTRUCTOR NOMINATION FORM FIRST LEVEL SUPERVISOR NOMINATION: Any officer nominated for the firearms instructor program shall first meet the standards established in the first page of this form and in the Lexipol Policy. Support the nomination with a narrative addressing the nominee’s qualifications. I nominate ________________________ for the firearms instructor program, for the following reasons:
Printed Name: ___________________ Signature: ______________________ Date: _________ SUPERVISING CAPTAIN REVIEW: (Omit if candidate is a Lieutenant) Recommendation:
Printed Name: ___________________ Signature: ______________________ Date: _________ ASSISTANT CHIEF REVIEW: Nomination Disposition: Approved Disapproved Comments:
Printed Name: ___________________ Signature: ______________________ Date: _________
1.8
Rev 01/09
FIREARMS INSTRUCTOR QUALIFICATIONS AND PROGRAM STANDARDS All firearms instructor candidates must be recommended by someone in their immediate chain of command prior to being nominated as a firearms instructor. The minimum work experience required for a Warden to be nominated for a firearms instructor position is one year. The officer must have a POST Basic Certificate, and they must attend a Department approved firearms instructor course. The newly selected firearms instructor would need to meet these minimum requirements prior to being assigned as a firearms instructor. Successful implementation of the firearm instructor program is contingent upon the quality and effectiveness of the individual Warden. To achieve the objectives of the firearms instructor program, it is imperative that only exemplary Wardens, who share a total commitment to the firearms instructor program, be utilized. Each instructor will be responsible for maintaining the performance standards required for initial selection into the firearms instructor program. These performance standards shall include, but are not limited to the following: 1. Consistently demonstrate quality work with yearly performance appraisal reports of standard or above. 2. Demonstration of sound leadership and good judgment, particularly in stressful situations. 3. A thorough knowledge of a firearm instructor duties and responsibilities, including department policies and procedures, statutory law, and current case law. 4. A responsible attitude with a high degree of integrity, loyalty, job interest, dedication to duty. 5. An ability to effectively communicate instructional information and knowledge. 6. An ability to be motivated and positive during training. 7. Exhibit a high degree of patience and willingness to work with Wardens, in an effort to improve their performance and abilities to an acceptable level. 8. Agree to be assigned to the position for a minimum of three years. 9. Maintain a consistent and satisfactory performance in the Department’s firearms qualification shoots and defensive tactics training. In addition to these performance standards, each firearms instructor will also be evaluated on and held accountable for a number of other factors. These shall include knowledge of and compliance with the following: 1. Department Operations Manual. 2. Law Enforcement Division, Standard Operating Procedures (Lexipol Policy Manual). 3. Firearms Manual. 4. Fish and Game Code. 5. Title 14, California Code of Regulations. 6. Penal Code. Rev 01/09
1.9
SECTION 2
FIREARM SAFETY Safety aspects related to firearms should never be taken for granted. Firearms safety is the responsibility of every officer. Each officer is encouraged to share and discuss, with fellow officers, safety related experiences they have had with firearms, and to discuss their present attitudes about the nature, scope, and importance of firearms control. Primary Rules of Firearms Safety: A. SAFETY ON DUTY/TRAINING
1. Consider all firearms loaded.
2. Always point the muzzle in a safe direction, unless officer safety concerns warrant otherwise.
3. Keep your finger outside of the trigger guard until the firearm is on target, and you have decided to fire.
4. Be sure of your target and the target’s environment.
B. RANGE SAFETY RULES
1. All activity shall be under the direction of the rangemaster.
2. All firearms shall be kept holstered (or secured) off the firing line except at the direction of the rangemaster.
3. When on the firing line, if anything is dropped (magazine, hat, etc), LEAVE IT. Do not pick anything up until the line is cleared by the rangemaster. Trust gravity.
4. Never anticipate a command.
5. Load and unload as instructed.
6. Never give a firearm to, or accept a firearm from, anyone unless the slide is locked back or the cylinder is open.
7. Immediately upon picking up a firearm open the action and check it both visually and physically to insure that it is unloaded.
8. Always have with you (and wear) your hat, glasses, and ear protection on the firing line.
9. When working with a partner, never move in front of him/her on the firing line or cause other distractions during shooting exercises. Unless those distractions are included as a part of an alternate course of fire. Rev 01/09
2.1
10. No smoking or horseplay on or near the firing line.
Remember, ANYONE can point out a safety problem. YOU shall call for an immediate cease fire at any time for a safety related problem.
2.2
Rev 01/09
SECTION 3
SHOOTING FUNDAMENTALS A. SIGHTING IN YOUR WEAPON. It is recommended the duty firearm be sighted in to hit your point of aim at 25 yards. The best target for sight-in purposes is the standard 25-yard bulls-eye target. The initial sight-in may be accomplished using a braced two-hand hold across a padded rest of some type. This initial sighting-in should be confirmed by firing several five or six-shot groups from a twohand hold standing position. A six inch or smaller group, centered at point of aim, suggests the firearm is sighted-in properly. Glock pistols have a dove-tail type rear sight. This is one of the most secure rear sight systems available. A special sight adjustment tool is needed to make the right-left adjustment. This should be done by a Department authorized armorer. If adjustments are needed in elevation, the rear sight has to be replaced, again by a Department authorized armorer. The front sight is not adjustable. B. GRIP. The following section is discussed and pictured using the Department issued firearm.
1. Proper Grip a. The proper strong hand grip should be established at the holster and maintained from the holster to a shooting position. (Figure 1)
Figure 1
b. Place the web of the strong hand high on the back strap of the firearm. (Figure 2)
Figure 2 Rev 01/09
3.1
c. With the strong hand, grip the firearm firmly with the thumb and bottom three fingers. The grip must be firm but not so tight as to cause the hand to shake (Figure 3). For better accuracy and pistol control, whenever possible, a two handed grip should be utilized. A proper two handed grip is obtained by the weak hand forming a “C” and wrapping around the strong hand (Figure 4). Be aware that the thumb does not activate the slide stop lever. CAUTION Do not place thumb of non shooting hand behind the slide. Injury may occur during cycling.
Figure 3
d. The pad of the trigger finger is placed on the center of the trigger. Make certain the finger does not contact the receiver. The trigger finger must be able to exert pressure straight to the rear of the firearm.
e. Figure 5 shows the finger on the trigger, space between the base of the finger and the receiver of the weapon, the hand high on the back strap, and the wrist locked. If the wrist “breaks” during shooting or recoil, the shot will be thrown off target and may impede slide function.
Figure 5
3.2
Rev 01/09
Figure 4
2. Improper Grip a. Problem: Hand too low on the back strap. Results: Inconsistent shooting with shots most often below and erratic. Recovery time will be greatly increased due to exaggerated muzzle flip. b. Problem: Hand cheating around the grip to get a comfortable trigger. Results: An incorrect grip like this most often results in shots grouping to the strong side due to side action pressure applied on the trigger. Figure 6 C. SIGHT PICTURE/ALIGNMENT At ranges of 25 yards and greater, sight alignment is one of the most critical of the shooting basics. Sight alignment is described as when the top of the front sight is level with the top of the rear sight, and there is an equal amount of light on either side of the front sight as viewed through the rear sight. (Figure 6) When the officer shoots a firearm, the front sight should be in focus, while the rear sight and the target are properly aligned, but are out of focus. If possible, the officer should train to shoot with both eyes open. This will allow for complete vision of an area in the event of an actual field situation.
D. COMMON SIGHTING ERRORS (The location of the “hits” are exaggerated in the following figures.)
Figure 7
1. Top of the front sight is higher than the top of the rear sight. Equal line of light on either side of the front sight in the rear sight notch. Shot is too high. (Figure 7) 2. The front sight is lower than the top of the rear sight. Equal line of light on either side of the front sight in the rear sight notch. Shot is too low. (Figure 8)
Figure 8
Rev 01/09
3.3
3. The top of the front sight is level with the top of the rear sight. Too much light on the right side of the front sight in the rear sight notch. The shot is to the left at 9 o’clock. (Figure 9)
4. The top of the front sight is higher than the top of the rear sight. Too much light on the left side of the front sight in the rear sight notch. The shot is high and to the right. (Figure 10) 5. The top of the sight is level with the top of the rear sight. Too much light on the left side of the front sight in the rear sight notch. The firearm is “canted”. The shot is to the right. (Figure 11)
Figure 9
6. The top of the front sight is level with the top of the rear sight. Too much light on the right side of the front sight in the rear sight notch. The firearm is “canted.” The shot is to the left. (Figure 12)
Figure 11
3.4
Figure 10
Figure 12
Rev 01/09
E. TRIGGER CONTROL AND FOLLOW THROUGH Trigger Control Definition: Trigger control is not a squeeze, pull, or jerk. It is a steadily increasing pressure straight to the rear until the weapon fires. A good grip, proper position, and perfect sight alignment will all be to no avail if the shooter is rough or jerky in his/her trigger control. Trigger control is accomplished by: 1. Maintaining proper grip and sight alignment. 2. Proper finger placement on the trigger. The pad of the first joint of the index finger is placed on the trigger. 3. Using a smooth, steady increasing pressure, directly to the rear, and parallel to the axis of the bore until the weapon fires. Do not slap or jerk on the trigger. 4. Developing rhythm and follow through by keeping the sights properly aligned during firing, and by allowing the trigger to go forward just enough to allow for reset after each shot. 5. Concentrating on sight alignment during the recovery from recoil.
Figure 13
F. RE-LOADING 1. Combat Pistol Reloading Method. After the last round has been fired, activate the magazine catch while keeping the firearm pointed in the direction of the target. Grasp the magazine with thumb and fore finger and extract and discard the empty magazine. (Figure 13) Grasp a fresh magazine from your pouch and insert it into the magazine well with a solid motion until the magazine is locked into the well. (Figure 14) Figure 14 Release the slide by pulling on the back of the serrated end of the slide with your non-weapon hand. Do not try to slow the forward momentum of the slide as this could induce a malfunction. Rev 01/09
3.5
2. Tactical Re-loading Method. One advantage of the semi-automatic pistol is the ability to reload with a full magazine when it is tactically advantageous, without waiting until the last round is fired. The partially charged magazine should be retained but not returned to the pouch where it could be confused with a fully charged magazine. 3. Administrative (Holster) loading. This is simply exchanging magazines in battery in a holstered weapon, or topping off the magazine in the pistol. Since we normally run a hot line, this is the best way to safely recharge your magazine between stages or when you come off the line. G. STANCES/TECHNIQUES The Weaver Stance was developed in the early 1960’s by Jack Weaver, a Southern California police officer. Weaver observed that when facing a target in a “squared-off”, two-handed position, the shooter had to break his wrist outward at some point in order to get sight alignment, violating the locked wrist principle necessary for double action trigger control. In addition, recoil resulting from this two-handed grip was excessive and recovery time was too long. Weaver developed his technique by dropping the strong foot and shoulder back and applying a “push-pull” grip on the weapon. After extensive study and evaluation, the FBI in 1981, adopted the Weaver Stance as the shooting position to replace the 7-yard hip, point shoulder, and natural point positions. The Weaver Stance is a natural shooting position considering it is nearly identical to the self defense/interview stance in defensive tactics. 1. GRIP The basic grip has been discussed in Section 3. The shooter applies pressure forward with the gun hand and pulls backwards with the supporting hand with equal pressure to create an isometric force. This steadies the weapon and reduces barrel rise from recoil. (Figure 15-16)
Figure 15 3.6
Figure 16 Rev 01/09
2. POSITION The officer’s strong foot and shoulder are dropped back, similar to the stance used in defensive tactics (Figure 15-18). The firearm is brought up to eye level and the weapon arm can be either straight or slightly bent (Modified Weaver), but should not be locked. The supporting arm’s elbow is tucked down. The officer can stand upright, crouch, or drop to a kneeling or barricaded position. 3. SIGHT ALIGNMENT During close-in shooting (five to seven yards), the officer does not have time to acquire perfect sight alignment. The officer should fire with both eyes open and bring the sights up to eye level, seeing the front sight in the secondary vision. As distances increase, the need for better sight alignment increases and trigger pull should be smooth and deliberate. 4. THE DRAW The firearm is gripped, then the holster unsnapped with the meaty portion of the thumb, as the thumb completes the grip. The pistol is drawn until the muzzle clears the holster. It is then pivoted towards the target where it joins the weak hand, thus forming the proper two hand grip. The weapon is quickly brought up and out to eye level. A “push-pull” grip should be accomplished. It should be one smooth, continuous movement. (Figures 17-21)
Figure 18
Figure 17
Figure 20
Figure 19
Figure 21 Rev 01/09
3.7
5. LOW READY POSITION In many situations, the officer anticipates a threat and the weapon is already drawn. The weapon is lowered so the suspect’s hands are visible and an accidental discharge would not result in injury. The officer can quickly bring the firearm up to eye level. In situations where officers might face each other, or be confronted by innocent persons, the firearm should be pointed downward, finger off the trigger. Caution should be taken to avoid covering either officer’s feet.
6. ROLL-OVER PRONE The roll-over prone position has replaced the older, traditional prone. The officer drops to the knees, draws, and continues into the prone at a decided angle to the target. The weak knee is bent, lifting the weak side of the chest off the ground. The same reinforced grip is used as in the Weaver and the officer’s cheek rests on the biceps or shoulder. The firearm should not touch the ground (Figure 22-25). This position allows the officer to acquire cover and still be able to fire. The angle to the target varies with the officer’s physical stature and/or the cover available.
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25 3.8
Rev 01/09
7. BARRICADE FIRING The barricade position adapts the Weaver position to take advantage of cover or concealment. The officer may use the barricade for support, however, the weapon must not contact the barricade. The officer may stand away from cover to get a better shooting angle or to prevent the weapon from extending beyond cover. If the officer stands away from cover he/she should not be so far back that the benefits of cover are lost (Figure 26). In both options, the officer should expose only that portion of the head and hands necessary to make an accurate shot (Figure 2630).
Figure 26
Figure 28
Figure 27
a. TRADITIONAL When shooting traditional barricade, the weapon is on the side the shooter is using. For example if the shooter is barricaded and shooting to the right side of the barricade the weapon should be in the right hand. Left side, left hand (mirror image). Left foot to the rear.
Figure 29
Right side, right hand. Right foot to the rear.(Figure 26, 30) Note: When shooting weak hand, care must be used not to put the thumb of strong hand behind the back strap. Figure 30 Rev 01/09
3.9
b. ROLL-OUT When shooting a roll-out barricade, the weapon is always kept in the strong hand (whether shooting to the right or the left of the barricade), the sights are acquired behind cover, and the body “rolls-out” to pick up the target. Additionally the shooter should be far enough behind the barricade to be able to acquire the sight prior to shooting (Figures 31-32). 8. KNEELING BARRICADE FIRING In the kneeling position, the knee opposite the gun hand is down. The firearm should be brought up to eye level, rather than the eye down to the gun (Figure 33). When firing over the top of a barricade, the knees rather than the back and neck should be bent. Figure 31 9. KNEELING POSITIONS The upright kneeling position is the Weaver position with the strong knee on the ground (Figure 34). An optional position is the Isosceles stance on two knees (Figure 35). The “rifleman’s kneeling” position requires the officer to drop back on the side or heel of the strong foot, supporting elbow in front of (not directly on) the weak knee (Figure 36). To achieve this position properly, the officer must assume approximately a 45 degree angle to the target.
Figure 32
Figure 33
Figure 34
Figure 35 3.10
Figure 36 Rev 01/09
10. CLOSE SHOOTING TECHNIQUES The close shooting position requires the officer to move his/her shoulder back, draw the firearm and pivot it up towards the target (Figure 37-38). The wrist is at the waist, directly above the holster. The inside of the wrist will be locked to the officer’s side (Figure 39). The firearm is not extended toward the target, in order to prevent the firearm from being grabbed. The weapon is slightly canted out away from the body to prevent the slide from striking the officer or becoming entangled with the officer’s clothing. The weak hand is moved up and away as a distraction move and to prevent the hand from being in front of the muzzle.
Figure 37
Figure 38
Figure 39
G. PISTOL MALFUNCTIONS Malfunctions in semi-autos can be categorized as follows:
1. Failure to Feed Failure to feed is usually attributable to the pistol’s magazine. Perhaps the magazine has some defect such as bent feeding lips or a stuck follower, but more commonly this malfunction occurs because the shooter has not firmly seated the magazine in the well. This usually means a fresh round will not chamber and the magazine may fall out.
2. Failure to Eject Failure to eject means an expended casing or perhaps a bad round does not clear out of the chamber or slide. This can happen if the ejector or extractor is broken. It can also happen if the casing deforms or the slide’s rearward movement is hampered by debris (such as being very dirty). More commonly however, this malfunction occurs when the shooter “limp wrists” the pistol during recoil. Absorbing the rearward force of the slide with a loose arm or bent wrist keeps the pistol from cycling properly and may result in a “stovepipe” or trapped casing. This problem may rarely surface due to an under-powered round (squib load).
3. Failure to Detonate Failure to detonate is a malfunction of the cartridge in the chamber due to a bad primer or lack of powder (misfire). 3.11 Rev 01/09
4. Failure to Fire Failure to fire is a malfunction of the weapon itself such as a broken firing pin or spring. If your weapon fails to fire when you press the trigger, the cause may be a double feed. A double feed occurs when the action of the pistol fails to extract and eject the spent cartridge and a fresh round is stripped from the magazine and is pushed into the back of the non-ejected casing. The following procedure can be used to clear a double feed. Always tap, rack, bang with all malfunctions until you can determine which kind of malfunction you have. The first two malfunctions are usually attributable to shooter error and are easily correctable in the field. The third malfunction, a bad round, does not usually occur because of user error, but is still easy to correct. Malfunction of the weapon itself is not shooter correctable (at least in the course of an immediate confrontation). If you carry a backup weapon, this is the time to use it. While we may not be able to take care of malfunction #4, we can utilize a simple drill to correct the other three quickly and get back into action. This drill is always done the same way in practice so it will be second nature in the field, perhaps at a time when the officer can’t afford to take the time to fully analyze the problem. The procedure is called tap, rack, bang.
PROCEDURE #1. TAP - RACK – EVALUATE (if shooting is still appropriate) BANG TAP With the palm of your weak hand, sharply TAP the bottom of the magazine (Figure 40). This is to ensure the magazine is fully seated.
Figure 40
RACK With your weak hand, grasp the slide from above on the serrations just behind the ejection port as you rotate the gun clockwise. Rapidly RACK the slide to its rear most position and let it go. (Figure 41).
Figure 41 3.12
Rev 01/09
EVALUATE THE SITUATION — IS SHOOTING STILL APPROPRIATE??? BANG If appropriate, press the trigger. The pistol should fire. IF YOU DO PROCEDURE #1 (TAP - RACK - BANG) AND THE WEAPON DOES NOT FIRE, DO NOT REPEAT THE PROCEDURE — GO TO PROCEDURE #2. PROCEDURE #2 LOCK - RIP - WORK - TAP - RACK - (if shooting is still appropriate) BANG LOCK Lock the slide to the rear using the slide stop lever. RIP While pressing the magazine release button, firmly grasp the magazine and RIP the magazine out of the pistol. (Figure 42). WORK With your weak hand, grasp the slide from above on the serrations just behind the ejection port and rapidly WORK the slide back and forth several times and then release it (Figure 43).
Figure 42
FIRMLY INSERT A LOADED MAGAZINE INTO THE WEAPON, RACK THE SLIDE, and (if shooting is still appropriate) BANG. If procedure #1 does not clear your pistol and you decide to go to procedure #2, there is an alternate method which may be used. PROCEDURE # 2 ALTERNATE
Figure 43
RIP - WORK - TAP - RACK - (if shooting is still appropriate) BANG RIP Firmly grasp the magazine and RIP the magazine out of the pistol while pressing the magazine release button. This can be done without locking the slide to the rear, but may take a great amount of effort to remove the magazine (Figure 44). Once the magazine is removed from the pistol, follow the WORK - TAP - RACK - (if shooting is still appropriate) BANG steps as listed in procedure #2. Figure 44 Rev 01/09
3.13
TAP, RACK, BANG It’s done with the weapon up on target and the finger off the trigger. First, make sure the magazine is firmly seated in the well (TAP). This will insure a fresh round is ready to be chambered. Then cycle the slide completely by pulling it all the way to the rear and then allowing it to fully spring forward (RACK). This will eject a casing/bad round and chamber a fresh one. Finally, pull the trigger again IF THE SITUATION STILL REQUIRES DEADLY FORCE (BANG). This sequence combines skills presented in previous exercises and should cover almost all problems presented in the field. Occasionally however, a shooter with a malfunction may need to discard a magazine and replace it with a fresh one. Tap, Rack, Bang is then repeated. In the case of a double-feed problem, the used magazine may need to be stripped out of the pistol (Procedure 2) before another can be inserted. To practice Tap, Rack, Bang on the range, dummy rounds are needed to feed through your pistol. Bring your pistol up on target and begin dry firing. Then from somewhere a malfunction appears (i.e. orange bullet) and you need to address it without losing track of the target. Reseat the magazine (TAP), cycle the action (RACK), and then pull the trigger (BANG). Remember that rotating your strong wrist slightly to the right (clockwise) while cycling the pistol’s action can help facilitate clearing the chamber. On the rare occasion that Tap, Rack, Bang does not clear the chamber, you may need to strip out the magazine (you need to lock the slide back with the slide stop lever to relieve the spring tension) and then cycle the action several times to clear the chamber. Insert a new magazine, cycle the action again, and you’re ready to go.
3.14
Rev 01/09
SECTION 4 SHOTGUN
The Department issued shotgun is the Remington 870 pump action 12-gauge shotgun. The issued shotgun ammunition is #00 buck in nine or twelve pellet shells and rifled slugs. The pellets, when fired from the shotgun, will cluster together as they leave the muzzle and will not start to separate to any great degree until the shot charge is about three feet from the muzzle. At this point, the pellets begin to separate and extend in area as the distance from the muzzle becomes greater. A rule of thumb is, the pattern will increase one inch in diameter for each yard the shot travels. The shotgun loaded with buckshot has a maximum range of a ½ mile. The shot pattern at this range can cover an area up to 200 yards in width. The rifled slug is a single projectile which extends the tactical range of the shotgun beyond that of buckshot. It also possesses considerably more penetration power than buckshot. It can be accurately fired in much the same manner as a rifle with acceptable accuracy to distances of 100 yards or more.
Rev 01/09
4.1
A. SHOTGUN-GENERAL 1. The Remington 870 shotgun is equipped with three safety devices including a mechanical safety, a trigger guard, and a pump action that must be fully closed before firing. 2. The shotgun shall never be carried in a vehicle with a shell in the chamber. Four shells should be carried in the magazine (if so equipped) and extra shells should be loaded in the Davis stocks and the side saddle. 3. The shotgun shall be carried in the locking device with the slide released, the trigger snapped, and the safety “ON.” 4. The shotgun should be removed from the locking device on a regular basis to check the weapon for malfunctions to check the barrel for obstructions, to check the condition of the ammunition, and to check the operation of the locking mechanism. 5. Whenever the shotgun is out of the locking device and not in use, the action shall be opened. 6. During all loading and handling, the trigger finger shall be outside the trigger guard. 7. All shotguns are to be removed from the vehicle at the end of the shift unless the vehicle is garaged or parked in a reasonably secure location. Whenever the officer plans to be away from the vehicle for an extended period of time, the shotgun shall be placed out of view. B. LOADING THE SHOTGUN 1. With the action open, the officer visually checks and physically feels to see that the shotgun is not loaded. 2. Pointing the shotgun in a safe direction, the action is closed and the trigger pulled. Do not operate the action. This will allow the officer to chamber a shell without having to push the slide release button. 3. Put the safety in the “ON” position. The safety is located at the rear of the trigger guard. When the safety button is actuated to the officer’s LEFT, it is OFF SAFE. When the button is actuated to the officer’s RIGHT, it is ON SAFE. 4. Insert four shells into the magazine. The shotgun is then placed in the locking device.
4.2
Rev 01/09
C. COMBAT LOADING 1. In a field combat situation, it is recommended to reload during a tactical pause, without firing the last shot. The officer holds the shotgun in an appropriate direction and inserts the necessary number of shells. If the last shell is fired, the action is left open and the shotgun pointed towards the target. The officer removes a shell from the Davis stock (if so equipped), Figure 1 or from another storage area. The weak hand passes under the action and the fingers of the weak hand raise the shell until it drops into the ejection port (Figure 1-2).
2. The action is then closed and four more shells are loaded as described above. This type of loading allows the officer to immediately return fire and at the same time, cover the target and load the shotgun (Figure 3).
D. UNLOADING THE SHOTGUN The procedure for unloading the shotgun depends on whether there is a shell in the chamber or not. Always unload the shotgun after the safety has been put in the “ON” position and muzzle is pointed in a safe direction.
Figure 2
Figure 3
1. If there is a shell in the chamber, the officer must push the action bar lock button to open the action. Slowly pull the foreend rearward until the front end of the shell is even with the front end of the ejection opening (Figure 4). Rev 01/09
Figure 4 4.3
2. Lift the shell from the receiver (Figure 5).
Figure 5
3. Press up on the shell carrier (Figure 6).
4. Place your hand under the receiver with the finger on the base of the shell and pull the fore-end fully rearward. The first shell in the magazine will then drop into your waiting hand.
Figure 6
5. Leave the action in a fully opened position. Compress the front of the right shell latch at the entrance to the magazine loading port to release the second shell from the magazine. Take care to place your hand at the magazine loading port, since the magazine spring will be forcing the shell out. (Figure 7) 6. Repeat step 4 until the magazine is empty.
Figure 7
7. Do not pump the shells out through the action. 4.4
Rev 01/09
E. SHOTGUN CARRYING POSITIONS At the scene where the shotgun is being used or its use is being contemplated, the officer pumps a shell into the chamber, carries the shotgun with the safety “ON,” and maintains muzzle control. The officer must always be cautious of where the weapon is pointed and the safety should remain “ON” unless immediate use is contemplated. F. FIRING THE SHOTGUN The position an officer assumes when firing a firearm at the scene of a weapon use enforcement action is not always a matter of choice, but often is a matter of necessity. If time permits, the officer may survey the scene and pick out a cover position if one is available. The officer should use cover to protect his/her body whenever possible, but most situations will call for the use of one of the basic positions described below. The two basic positions to be used when firing a shotgun are point shoulder and from the hip. 1. The shotgun firing #00 buckshot loads is not a light recoil weapon. However, the most common reason officers experience discomfort when firing is simply because they are not holding the weapon correctly or they are not standing properly. 2. In any shooting position, except when firing from the hip, the shotgun must be held firmly against the hollow recess of the shoulder. The butt of the shotgun should not be allowed to slide out on the shoulder or down onto the biceps muscle. The strong hand should hold the butt of the weapon firmly against the shoulder. The fore-end should rest lightly in the weak hand (Figure 8). Figure 8
3. When shooting the shotgun from the hip, the officer grasps the weapon firmly by the slide handle and tucks the stock firmly under the arm just below the armpit. From the hip position, the shotgun must be held as rigid as possible with the forearm parallel to the ground, holding the stock tightly in against the shooter’s side (Figure 9).
Figure 9 Rev 01/09
4.5
4. The slide handle is grasped securely with the weak hand and held down as much as possible in recoil. The weak side foot should be slightly forward, toward the target, and the officer assumes a crouch by bending the rear leg at the knee (Figure 10).
5. When shooting from the hip, there is a tendency to shoot high on the target because the barrel is not parallel to the ground. The crouching officer feels he/she must make a correction because of the crouch by slanting the muzzle up. This is the major fault in inaccurate hip shooting. It should be impressed upon the officer that the muzzle must be kept down, even to the point where the officer may feel it is pointed too low for a hit.
Figure 10
6. When shooting from the point shoulder position, felt recoil can be reduced by leaning forward (Figure 11). Figure 11
4.6
Rev 01/09
G. SHOTGUN MALFUNCTIONS 1. Failure to extract. Try to shake out the chambered shell and then rack the action again. If a threat exists, use your handgun. 2. Failure to eject. A “stovepipe” or shell sticking out of the ejection port. Open the action all the way then wipe the shell clear with the weak hand. 3. Double feed. Push the offending shell forward until it clicks past the shell stop. 4. Stacked feed. This is when the second shell is lodged between the bolt and the carrier. In early 870’s, it is necessary to remove the trigger assembly. Remington 870’s sold after 1/85, have a new design called a “flexitab” in the carrier. To clear these newer shotguns, forcibly rack the action. 5. Backward shell in the magazine. Push the offending shell back into the magazine through the ejection port, hold it there, and raise the carrier with the other hand. The shell will drop out.
Rev 01/09
4.6
SECTION 5 RIFLES
A. GENERAL Because of the wide array of areas covered by wardens throughout the State, a rifle is an important piece of equipment. The rifle is a supplemental weapon to the officer’s handgun or shotgun, not a replacement. A rifle does offer the following advantages over the handgun: 1. Increased firepower 2. Increased accuracy 3. Greater effective range 4. Psychological deterrent. The Department allows the carrying of rifles as specified in the Firearms Policy. In order to carry a rifle on patrol, the officer is required to successfully attend Department approved training and qualify on the Department prescribed course of fire. B. RIFLE SAFETY ON THE RANGE All standard range safety rules apply to the use of rifles. C. RIFLE SAFETY ON DUTY
1. Rifle Safety a. The Department issued M-14/M1A .308 caliber rifle is equipped with three safety devices; a mechanical safety, a trigger guard, and an action that must be fully closed and locked into battery before the gun can fire. b. The rifle shall be carried in the electric locking device inside the patrol vehicle with the trigger snapped, the firing chamber empty and the magazine loaded. c. When the rifle is being used, or its use is being considered, the officer should chamber a round, push the safety on, and maintain muzzle control. During combat situations the rifle safety may be placed in the off position. The officers trigger finger should remain outside the trigger guard and off the trigger until required to fire the rifle. When the rifle use is no longer necessary, the rifle should be unloaded following the procedures outlined below. d. Officers issued the M-14/M1A rifle shall be responsible for maintaining the rifle in proper functioning condition at all times. e. During all loading and handling of the M-14/M1A, the trigger finger should be outside the trigger guard.
5.1
Rev 01/09
f. Whenever the officer plans to be away from the vehicle for an extended period of time, the rifle shall be locked in a high quality security box. All rifles are to be removed from the electric lock device at the end of the shift, and shall be locked in a security box, or stored in the officers residence, unless the vehicle is garaged in a locked facility. 2. Unloading the M-14/M1A Rifle a. The procedure for unloading the rifle depends on whether there is a round in the chamber or not. Remember to always maintain safe muzzle control. Attempt to place the safety in the SAFE position by pushing the safety rearward. If the safety does not engage, it should be an indication there is not a live round in the chamber or the trigger was pulled on an empty chamber. If the safety engages, it indicates there may be a live round in the chamber. b. Grasp the magazine, placing the thumb on the magazine release, squeeze the magazine release, and push the magazine forward and downward to disengage it from the front catch and remove the magazine from the magazine well. c. Pull the operating rod handle rearward to extract and eject a chambered round and to inspect the chamber. Lock the bolt in the rear position by depressing the bolt lock. d. With the action open, visually check and physically feel inside the firing chamber area to verify the rifle is unloaded.
3. Loading the M-14/M1A Rifle to Carry in the Electric Lock Device a. Verify the weapon is unloaded as outlined in the above instructions and that no magazine is attached. b. Pull the operating rod handle rearward and allow it to go forward to the closed position. Point the rifle in a safe direction and pull the trigger. c. Insert a loaded magazine into the magazine well, front end first, until the front catch snaps into place. Pull backwards and upwards until the magazine latch snaps into position. d. Place the rifle in the electric locking device, close the face plate of the lock, and then pull on the face plate to ensure it is securely locked.
Rev 01/09
5.2
D.GENERAL RIFLE SHOOTING There are seven factors involved in holding a rifle while aiming and firing. These factors are the same for all firing positions. 1. Weak hand and elbow. The weak hand is forward with the palm of the hand against the fore-end. The wrist is straight and locked so the rifle rests across the heel of the hand. The elbow should be directly under the rifle or as close as possible (Figure 1). 2. Rifle butt in the pocket of the shoulder. The officer places the rifle butt firmly into the pocket of the shoulder. This aids in the reduction of recoil (Figure 1). Figure 1 3. Grip of the firing hand. The hand grips the small of the stock firmly, but not rigidly. A firm, rearward pressure is exerted by the firing hand to keep the rifle butt in its proper position. 4. Strong side elbow. The placement of the strong side elbow gives support and balance to the officer’s position. 5. Breathing. Normal breathing while aiming and firing will cause a movement of the rifle. To avoid this, the officer must learn to hold his/her breath for the few seconds required to aim and fire. 6. Relaxation. The officer must relax properly in each firing position. Undue strain indicates muscles are doing work which should be done by bone. By using a proper position, the officer can relax, but still maintain his/her sight picture.
5.3
Rev 01/09
E. RIFLE SHOOTING POSITIONS The following rifle shooting positions are discussed for their applicability to field use. Remember to use cover if it is available. 1. STANDING POSITION The standing position is the least steady and the most difficult to master. It also has the highest potential of giving a larger target to an assailant if cover is not available and used. (Figure 2) NOTICE: The feet are about shoulder width apart. The officer is faced between 45 and 90 degrees away from the target. The rifle butt is high in the shoulder and close to the neck. The weight of the officer and the rifle is evenly distributed over both legs.
Figure 2
2. KNEELING POSITION The kneeling position may be done in a low, medium, or high position. The choice will be dependent on the type of cover available and the position of the target. (Figure 3-4 shows the medium position.) NOTICE: The officer is on the strong side knee, with the leg parallel to the target. The officer’s weak side leg is extended towards the target with the foot flat on the ground. The elbow is shoulder high to form a pocket for the butt of the rifle. The flat portion of the weak arm near the elbow is mated with the flat part of the weak knee to give support.
Figure 3
Figure 4 Rev 01/09
5.4
3. SITTING POSITION There are several popular variations of the sitting position. The positions are equally satisfactory, depending on body conformation. Shown below are the open leg and crossed leg positions. (Figures 5-8) NOTICE: The feet and legs are placed a comfortable distance apart. The weak side elbow is about under the receiver. The shoulders are about level to prevent canting.
Figure 5
Figure 7
5.5
Figure 6
Figure 8
Rev 01/09
4. PRONE POSITION The prone position is a relatively steady position which is easy to assume. It presents a low silhouette and is well adapted to the principals of cover and support (Figure 9-16). NOTICE: Trigger hand knee is brought up to a comfortable position. This lifts the chest up off the ground and makes breathing easier. The front hand is as far forward as possible for stability. The rifle butt is close to the neck in the pocket of the shoulder.
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 14
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 16
Figure 15 Rev 01/09
5.6
F. M-14/M1A SEMI-AUTOMATIC RIFLE MALFUNCTIONS Malfunctions in semi-automatic rifles are similar to semi-automatic pistols. See discussion in this manual page 3.11, section G. As with the shotgun, if a malfunction occurs, the shooter should evaluate the tactical situation as to determine if he/she should go to another weapon (handgun) or has time to clear the malfunction.
1. Types of malfunctions: a. Failure to feed b. Failure to fire c. Failure to detonate d. Failure to extract e. Failure to eject f. Double feeds. 2. Clearing malfunctions. To clear malfunctions in the semi-automatic rifle you will use the familiar TAP-RACK-EVALUATE-BANG, similar to the seM1Automatic pistol. a. TAP-RACK-EVALUATE-BANG: TAP - With the weapon on the shoulder, finger off the trigger, with the weak hand tap the bottom of the magazine firmly. RACK - With the weak hand pull the operating rod to the rear and while at the same time rotating the weapon slightly clockwise (to the right). EVALUATE - Is shooting appropriate for the situation? BANG - If appropriate, press the trigger. The weapon should fire. b. If TAP-RACK-EVALUATE-BANG fails to clear the malfunction, use LOCK-RIPWORK-TAP-EVALUATE-BANG: LOCK - Lock the operating rod to the rear using the bolt lock. RIP - While pressing the magazine release, RIP the magazine from the rifle. WORK - With the weak hand pull the operating rod and rapidly WORK the operating rod back and forth several times and then release it. This should clear the malfunction. TAP - Insert a new magazine if available. Pull the operating rod to charge the weapon. EVALUATE - Is shooting appropriate for the situation? BANG - If appropriate, press the trigger. The weapon should fire.
5.7
Rev 01/09
SECTION 6
CARE AND CLEANING OF WEAPONS I.GLOCK PISTOL CLEANING Read the owner’s manual provided with your Glock pistol before removing your pistol from its container. Your new pistol should be properly cleaned and lubricated before firing. Refer to the Preventative Maintenance Manual. A. FIELD STRIPPING PRIOR TO FIELD STRIPPING, MAKE SURE PISTOL IS UNLOADED!!! 1. Magazine Removal POINT the pistol in a safe direction (a safe direction is where no one can possibly be injured in the event of an accidental discharge), finger OFF of trigger, and OUT of the trigger guard. PRESS in on the magazine catch (Figure 1). Remove the magazine.
Figure 1
NOTE: The Glock pistol is designed so the magazine catch can not easily be pressed unintentionally when the pistol is held in a proper shooting grip. For this reason, you will have to rotate the hand a few degrees to be able to press the catch and release the magazine for right handed shooters. The left handed shooters could press the magazine catch with the index finger while at the same time moving the thumb from the other side of the frame. Rev 01/09
6.1
Safety Caution: Prior to further disassembly, with your finger off of the trigger and outside of the trigger guard, point the pistol in a safe direction and lock the slide open by pushing up on the slide stop lever while pulling the slide to the rear with the non-shooting hand (Figure 2). Once the slide is locked to the rear, both visually and physically (with your little finger) inspect the chamber of the pistol to be sure the chamber is empty (Figure 3). Also, check the magazine well to be sure a cartridge has not become lodged between the ejector and the walls of the magazine well. Once you are sure the pistol is unloaded, continue with the disassembly.
Figure 2
Figure 3
Once you have verified the pistol is unloaded: Pull back the slide to release slide stop lever and close the action. POINT the pistol in a SAFE direction then PULL the trigger. You will hear the firing pin move forward. NOTE: The trigger must be in the rearmost position for slide removal.
2. Slide Removal HOLD the pistol in either hand so four fingers grasp the top of the slide as shown (Figure 4). With these four fingers, pull and hold the slide back approximately 1/10 inch (2.5mm). Simultaneously, pull down and hold both sides of the slide lock using the thumb and index finger of your free hand Figure 4 6.2
Rev 01/09
PUSH the slide forward until it is fully separated from the receiver (Figure 5).
Figure 5 3. Barrel Removal Safety Caution: The recoil spring assembly is under tension. During removal use care to control this assembly. PUSH the recoil spring tube slightly forward while lifting it away from the barrel(Figure 6).
Figure 6
Rev 01/09
6.3
REMOVE the recoil spring assembly (Figure 7-8).
Figure 8 Figure 7 GRASP the barrel at the chamber. While raising the chambered end, move the barrel slightly forward (Figure 9). Then lift the barrel from the slide.
Figure 9 4. Cleaning The Field Stripped Firearm The Glock pistol requires periodic cleaning to insure proper function. Once field stripped, the barrel and chamber are easily cleaned from the chamber end. The inside of the slide and receiver should be wiped clean. Standard firearms solvents can be used on the pistol. This will insure proper functioning of a Glock pistol. The copper color lubricant that is found on the portions of the slide should not be removed as it will assure long term lubrication of the slide. As with any semiautomatic pistol, Glock pistols should not be cleaned by merely locking the slide to the rear and inserting the cleaning rod from the muzzle end. This can cause excessive amounts of solvent to build up in both the receiver and the slide, and possibly contribute to malfunction of the pistol. The pistol should be field stripped every time it is cleaned. 6.4 Rev 01/09
The inside of both the chamber and barrel should be wiped completely dry once they have been thoroughly cleaned. The breech face and the area under the extractor claw should both be absolutely dry and free of any debris after cleaning. (Figure 10) The slide rail cuts should be cleaned thoroughly by using a clean patch on the end of a toothbrush-type cleaning tool. With the clean patch wrapped over the brush portionFigure 10 of the toothbrush, thoroughly clean the slide rail cuts of all debris and solvents. All areas of the slide and receiver should be checked for cleanliness. Most parts in the receiver may be wiped with a clean, soft cloth that has been slightly dampened with a quality firearm cleaning solvent. After the parts in the receiver have been cleaned, they should be wiped dry with a clean, soft cloth. All solvents should be wiped from the parts so that they are clean and dry. 5. Lubricating The Field Stripped Firearm To properly lubricate your pistol after it has been thoroughly cleaned and dried, use a clean patch that has been slightly dampened with a quality gun oil. Wipe the barrel; the barrel hood and the inside of the slide where it rubs against the slide. You can take one drop of oil on your finger and rub each slide rail, or put one drop of oil in each slide rail cut. Once the slide is moved on the receiver after reassembly, the oil drop will be distributed equally in the slide rails by moving the slide. Most important is the drop of oil where the connector and the trigger bar meet. This will assure proper lubrication of your pistol without over-lubricating. Glock pistols are designed to operate properly with only small amounts of lubrication. Do not over-lubricate your pistol, as large quantities of oil will collect unburned powder and other residue, which could interfere with the proper functioning of your pistol. (See Figure 10) 6. Dry Firing Do not pull back the lug of the firing pin and let it snap forward when the slide is removed from the receiver, as damage to the firing pin and the firing pin safety could result.
Warning
Do not put oil inside firing pin channel or magazine tube. Firing pin channel, magazine tube, and breech face should be wiped dry before reassembly. Leaving solvent or lubricant in these areas could cause contamination of primers and failure to fire.
Rev 01/09
6.5
Figure 11
6.6
Rev 01/09
B. REASSEMBLY PROCEDURES As with most firearms, reassembly is carried out in the reverse order. Reassembly Note: When installing the recoil spring assembly, be sure the back end of the recoil spring tube rests in the half moon cut in the bottom of the front barrel lug (Figure 11). C. SAFETY DEVICES The weapon has no conventional, externally-located safety lever. Therefore, make sure the trigger is touched only when you intend to fire or when verified empty, in order to perform maintenance. 1. TRIGGER SAFETY It is incorporated into the trigger in the form of a lever and, in the untouched state, blocks the trigger from being moved backwards. To fire the pistol, both the trigger safety and the trigger must be depressed at the same time. If the trigger safety is not depressed, then the trigger will not move to the rear and the pistol will not fire. This is designed to prevent the trigger from going to the rear when dropped. 2. FIRING PIN SAFETY A spring-loaded pin projects into the firing pin cut-out, and blocks it. This safety is only disengaged while the trigger is pulled. 3. DROP SAFETY Or Safety Function of the Trigger Mechanism Housing The trigger bar is pushed onto the safety ramp by the firing pin and only drops off the ramp when the trigger is in its rear ramp position. Safety Devices 1, 2, and 3 above are designed to prevent the weapon from unintentional discharge, if dropped from up to 6.5 feet, exceeding NATO standards. SPECIAL WARNING In case the trigger safety proves to be ineffective for any reason, DANGER of an unintentional discharge exists. THE WEAPON IS THEN TO BE IMMEDIATELY UNLOADED AND RESTRICTED FROM FURTHER USE. MAKE SURE YOUR WEAPON IS PROPERLY REPAIRED AND CHECKED BY AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL BEFORE USING IT AGAIN!
Rev 01/09
6.7
II. REMINGTON 870 SHOTGUN CLEANING The following instructions are for cleaning of the Department issued Remington model 870 12-gauge shotgun. A. Disassembly 1. Before any cleaning occurs, the officer shall put the shotgun on “Safe,” open the action by pressing the action bar lock and pulling the fore-end rearward to open the action to see the chamber is clear. Remember to visually check and feel to make sure the chamber and magazine are not loaded. 2. Slide the fore-end forward approximately halfway. (Figure 12) 3. Unscrew the magazine cap from the magazine. Remove the barrel. (Figure 13)
Figure 12
6.8
Figure 13
Rev 01/09
DO NOT PUMP THE ACTION OR PULL THE TRIGGER WITH THE BARREL REMOVED.
4. Clean barrel with cleaning rod, cloth, and brush. Clean only from the breech end. Remove all shooting residue from the locking notch in barrel. Clean and dry. (Figure 14)
Figure 14 DO NOT PROCEED WITH DISASSEMBLY PAST THIS POINT UNLESS YOU HAVE BEEN PROPERLY TRAINED. IF YOU STOP HERE, GO TO STEP 8 ON THE REASSEMBLY. 5. Press the left shell latch at the entrance to the loading port and slowly move the foreend forward. This will remove the fore-end, action bars, breech bolt with locking block, and the slide. (Figure 15)
6. Lift the breech bolt with locking block from the slide; lift the slide from the action bars. Clean all parts with lubricant.
Figure 15
*Disassembled shotgun (Figure 16)
Figure 16 Rev 01/09
6.9
B. Reassembly 1. Place the fore-end assembly over the magazine tube. 2. Position the slide block assembly and breech bolt assembly on the rear of the action bars. (Figure 17)
Figure 17 3. Guide the action bars in the receiver until stopped by the right shell latch. 4. Push the carrier upward, depress, and hold the right shell latch. (Figure 18)
Figure 18 5. Slide the fore-end rearward until stopped by the left shell latch. 6. Reach into the bottom of the receiver. Depress and hold the left shell latch. (Figure 19)
Figure 19 7. Slide the fore-end rearward until stopped by the action bar lock. 8. Push rearward on the action bar lock. Slide the fore-end rearward approximately halfway. 6.10
9. Replace the barrel and magazine cap. Rev 01/09
M-14/M1A RIFLE FIELD STRIPPING. A. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. The U.S. rifle, 7.62mm, M14/M1A is a light-weight, air-cooled, gasoperated, magazine-fed, shoulder weapon. It is designed primarily for semi-automatic fire. The flash suppressor is designed with a wide rib on the bottom to reduce muzzle climb and the amount of dust raised by muzzle blast. 1. The individual warden is authorized to disassemble his/her rifle to the extent called field stripping. 2. The frequency of disassembly and assembly should be kept to a minimum, consistent with maintenance and instructional requirements. Constant disassembly causes excessive wear of the parts and leads to their early un-serviceability and to inaccuracy of the weapon. 3. The rifle has been designed to be taken apart and put together easily. No force is needed if it is disassembled and assembled correctly. The parts of one rifle, except the bolt, may be interchanged with those of another when necessary. Bolts should never be interchanged for safety reasons. 4. As the rifle is disassembled, the parts should be laid out from left to right, on a clean surface and in the order of removal. This makes assembly easier because the parts are assembled in the reverse order of disassembly. B. CLEARING THE RIFLE: Unload the M-14 as per direction in Page 5.2 - 2.
Rev 01/09
6.11
C. DISASSEMBLY INTO THREE MAIN GROUPS 1. The three main groups are the firing mechanism, the barrel and receiver, and the stock. 2. After the rifle is cleared, the operating parts should be forward for disassembly. To do this, pull back on the operating rod handle and allow the bolt to go forward. 3. To remove the firing mechanism, grasp the rear of the trigger guard with the thumb and forefinger of your right hand and pull downward and outward until the mechanism is released (Figure 20). Lift out the firing mechanism. (Figure 21)
Figure 20
4. To separate the barrel and receiver from the stock, lay the weapon on a flat surface with the sights up and muzzle to the left. Grasp the receiver with the left hand over the rear sight and raise the rifle a few inches. (Figure 22) With the right hand, strike down on and grasp the small of the stock, separating the barrel and receiver from the stock. The three main groups are shown in figure 23.
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23 6.12
Rev 01/09
D. ASSEMBLY OF THE THREE MAIN GROUPS 1. Place the barrel and receiver group on a flat surface, sights down. Pick up the stock group and engage the stock ferrule in the front band, then lower the stock group onto the barrel and receiver group. 2. Open the trigger guard and place the firing mechanism straight down into the receiver, making sure the guide rib on the firing mechanism enters the recess in the receiver (figure 24). Place the butt of the weapon on the left thigh, sights to the left, insuring the trigger guard has cleared the trigger. With the palm of the right hand, strike the trigger guard fully engaging it to the receiver.
Figure 24
E. DISASSEMBLY OF THE BARREL AND RECEIVER
GROUP 1. Removing the Connector Assembly. Place the barrel and receiver group on its left side with the operating rod handle up and the muzzle away from you. With the bolt closed, place the right thumb on the rear of the connector assembly, the first finger on the sear release bracket and the second finger inside the rear of the receiver (figure 25). Push forward with the thumb until the forward end of the assembly can be lifted off the connector lock with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand. Turn the connector assembly (figure 26, next page) clockwise until the elongated hole in the connector assembly is aligned with the elongated stud on the sear release. Lower the front end of the connector assembly and lift the rear end off the elongated stud of the sear release.
Figure 25
Rev 01/09
6.13
2. Removing the Operating Rod Spring and Operating Rod Spring Guide. Place the barrel and receiver group on a flat surface, sights down, muzzle to the left. With your left hand, pull toward the muzzle on the operating rod spring to relieve pressure on the connector lock (Figure 27). With your right forefinger, pull the connector lock toward you, allowing the operating rod spring to expand slowly, disconnect and remove the operating rod spring and operating rod spring guide (Figure 28). Separate these two parts.
Figure 27
Figure 26
Figure 28
3. Removing the Operating Rod. Turn the barrel and receiver group so the sights are up and the muzzle is pointing away from you. Pull back the operating rod handle until the guide lug on its inside surface is aligned with the disassembly notch on the right side of the receiver. Rotate the operating rod downward and outwards then pull it to the rear, disengaging it from the operating rod guide (Figure 29). Figure 29
6.14
Rev 01/09
4. Removing the Bolt. Grasp the bolt by the roller and, while sliding if forward, lift it upward and out toward the right front with a slight rotating motion (Figure 30).
Figure 30 5. Rifle Field Stripped. The parts of the barrel and receiver group in their order of disassembly are shown in figure 31.
Connector Assembly
Operating Rod Spring Guide
Bolt Assembly
Operating Rod Spring
Operating Rod
Barrel and Reciever Assembly
Figure 31. Parts of the barrel and receiver group in the order of disassembly
Rev 01/09
6.15
F. ASSEMBLY OF THE BARREL AND RECEIVER GROUPS 1. Replacing the Bolt. Place the barrel and receiver on the table, sights up, muzzle pointing away from you. Hold the bolt by the roller and locking lug and place the rear of the bolt on the bridge of the receiver, firing pin tang pointed down. Turn the bolt slightly counterclockwise until the tang of the firing pin clears the bridge. Guide the left locking tug of the bolt into its groove on the left side of the receiver. Lower the right locking lug on its bearing surface and slide the bolt halfway to the rear. 2. Replacing the Operating Rod. Hold the operating rod at the handle, place the front end into the operating rod guide, and position the rod so the recess in the hump fits over the bolt roller. Turn the operating rod to the left until the guide lug fits into the disassembly notch on the receiver, then move the operating rod forward until the bolt is closed. 3. Replacing the Operating Rod Spring and Operating Rod Spring Guide. Turn the barrel and receiver over so the sights are down and the muzzle is to the left. Place the operating rod spring guide into the operating rod spring, hump up, and feed the loose end of the spring into the operating rod. Grasp the spring and guide with the left hand and compress the spring until the hole in the guide can be lined up with the connector lock. Lower the guide and push the connector lock in with the right thumb. 4. Replacing the Connector Assembly. Place the barrel and receiver on its side with the operating rod handle up, muzzle away from you. Place the elongated hole in the rear of the connector assembly on the elongated stud on the sear release. Place the thumb of the right hand on the rear of the connector assembly, the first finger the sear release bracket, and the second finger inside the rear of the receiver. Pushing toward the muzzle with the right thumb and with the thumb and first finger of the left hand, turn the front of the connector counterclockwise until it can be snapped onto the connector lock.
6.16
Rev 01/09
G. M-14/M1A RIFLE CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE Maintenance includes all measures taken to keep the rifle in operating condition. This includes normal cleaning, inspection for defective parts, repair, and lubrication. 1. Cleaning Materials, Lubricants, and Equipment a. Cleaning Materials (1) Bore cleaner b. Lubricants (1) Lubricating oil (2) Rifle grease (should be applied to those working surfaces shown in figures 32-35) c. Equipment grease (1) A complete set of maintenance equipment (figure 107, next page) is stored in the stock of Figure 32 the M-14/M1A rifle and consists of: (a) Combination tool. (b) Chamber cleaning brush.* (c) Plastic case lubricant. grease (d) Small arms cleaning rod case. (e) Small arms cleaning rod section (4 each). (f) Cleaning patch holder. (g) Small arms bore cleaning brush. *Insure the M14/M1A chamber brush is used to prevent barrel damage. The M14 brush is one-half inch shorter than the M1 chamber brush. Figure 33
grease
grease
Figure 35
Figure 34 Rev 01/09
6.17
Figure 36 Maintenance Equipment
(2) The combination tool can be used as either a 20° offset screwdriver or as a gas plug wrench. (a) The handle of the combination tool is also used as the cleaning rod handle. To do this, allow the cleaning rod extension of the tool to fall from the tool handle so that it hangs perpendicular. Assemble the four sections of the cleaning rod and screw into the threaded hole in the cleaning rod extension. Either the bore brush or the cleaning patch holder may be attached to the end of the cleaning rod. (b) The plastic lubricant case is closed with a screw cap which has a stem (applicator) attached that is used to apply oil drop by drop on one end. The cap is fitted with a gasket to prevent oil leakage. The other end has another screw cap and contains rifle grease. 2. Cleaning the Rifle a. Procedure for Cleaning Chamber and Bore. The rifle must be cleaned after it has been fired because firing deposits primer fouling, powder ashes, carbon and metal fouling. The ammunition has a non-corrosive primer which makes cleaning easier, but not less important. The primer still leaves a deposit that may collect moisture and promote mint if it is not removed. The procedures for cleaning the chamber and bore are described in figures 36 through 41(pages 6.21-6.24). These procedures will insure the bore is cleaned evenly and will prevent foreign matter from being pushed into the receiver from the bore. Upon completion of firing, bore cleaner should be applied for ease in further cleaning. b. Face of the Bolt. Clean the face of the bolt with a patch and bore cleaner, paying particular attention to its inside edges. Remove the bore cleaner with dry patches and oil the part lightly. c. Magazine. Inspect the interior of the magazine by depressing the follower with the thumb. If the interior is dirty, disassemble the magazine and clean it, then lightly oil the component parts. Otherwise, merely wipe the magazine assembly clean and dry, then oil it.
6.18
Rev 01/09
d. All Other Parts. Use a dry cloth to remove all dirt or sand from other parts and exterior surfaces. Apply a light coat of oil to the metal parts and rub raw linseed oil into the wooden parts. Care must be taken to prevent linseed oil from getting on metal parts. e. After Firing. The rifle must be thoroughly cleaned no later than the evening of the day it is fired. For three consecutive days thereafter, check for evidence of fouling by running a clean patch through the bore and inspecting it. The bore should be lightly oiled after each inspection. 3. Normal Maintenance a. The rifle should be inspected daily, when in use, for evidence of rust and general appearance. A light coat of oil should be maintained on all metal parts except the gas piston, interior of the gas cylinder and the gas plug. b. The daily inspection should also reveal any defects such as burred, worn or cracked parts. Defects should be reported to the armorer for correction.
Rev 01/09
6.19
Installing Cleaning Rod Section to Chanber Cleaning Brush (Figure 37)
Figure 37
Inserting Chamber Cleaning Brush in Chamber (Figure 38)
Figure 38 Cleaning Chamber (figure 39)
Figure 39 Removal of Section and Brush (Figure 40) Figure 40 Cleaning the chamber 6.20
Rev 01/09
Figure 41
Two patches in the patch holder Screw the jointed cleaning rod together firmly (less the patch holder) gently insert it into the bore all the way. (An authorized solid non-jointed rod may be used). Flare the patches out then insert the patch holder with wet patches into the chamber. Push the threaded end into the chamber until it touches the cleaning rod. Hold it there with one hand.
Rev 01/09
6.21
Screw the rod as shown by arrow 1 on to the patch holder, with the other hand, until the patches turn with the rod,pull the patches into the chamber firmly:at same time turning the rod clockwise, by grasping it between the handle and the muzzle of the weapon, as shown by arrow 1 & 2 turn the rod several times clockwise, Pulling the patches into the chamber firmly, wiping out the chamber thoroughly. Screw the patch holder off the rod. Insert the rod, less the patch holder, gently into the bore, all the way. Pull single patch through bore. Straight and parallel to bore.
6.22
Figure 42
Rev 01/09
4. Special Maintenance a. Before firing the rifle, the bore and the chamber should be cleaned and dried. A light coat of oil should be placed on all other metal parts, except those which come in contact with ammunition, the gas piston, interior of the gas cylinder and the gas plug. b. Before firing, rifle grease should be applied to the parts indicated in figure 40. A small amount of grease is taken up on the stem of the grease container cap and is applied at each place. Rifle grease is not used in extremely cold temperatures or when the rifle is exposed to extremes of sand and dust. c. In cold climates (temperatures blew freezing) the rifle must be kept free of moisture and excess oil. Moisture and excess oil on the working parts cause them to operate sluggishly or fail completely. The rifle must be disassembled and wiped with a clean dry cloth. Drycleaning solvent may be used if necessary to remove oil or grease. Parts that show signs of wear may be wiped with a patch lightly dampened with lubricating oil. It is best to keep the rifle as close as possible to outside temperature at all times to prevent the collection of moisture which occurs when cold metal comes in contact with warm air. When the rifle is brought into a warm room, it should not be cleaned until it has reached room temperature. d. In hot, humid climates or if exposed to salt water or salt water atmosphere, the rifle must be inspected thoroughly each day for moisture and rust. It should be kept lightly oiled with special preservative lubrication oil. Raw linseed oil should be frequently applied to the wooden parts to prevent swelling. e. In hot, dry climates, the rifle must be cleaned daily or more often to remove sand and/ or dust from the bore and working parts. In sandy areas, the rifle should be kept dry. The muzzle and receiver should be kept covered during sand and dust storms. Wooden parts must be kept oiled with raw linseed oil to prevent drying. The rifle should be lightly oiled when sand or dust conditions decrease.
Rev 01/09
6.23
SECTION 7
TACTICAL APPLICATIONS Throughout the preceding text, there have been suggestions for the tactical deployment and application of the firearms that a warden uses. These tactical application techniques should be reviewed for the specific firearms which you carry. This section contains some tactical application techniques that are useful for all wardens to practice and know. A. NIGHT SHOOTING The primary concern of night shooting is target identification. This can be done by using ambient light (i.e., moonlight, campfire light, or lights from headlights, and lanterns which you do not have control over) or the use of your directed artificial light sources such as headlights, flashlights, or spotlights. Darkness is no substitute for cover. 1. AMBIENT LIGHT SOURCES When ambient light is adequate, the sights may be used to get a sight picture for accurate shooting. However, when ambient light is inadequate to allow the officer to get a sight picture, point shooting is recommended. Most officers tend to shoot high during night shooting therefore, the officer should adjust thepoint of aim lower in the center mass of the target. 2. DIRECTED ARTIFICIAL LIGHT The flashlight may be used to assist the officer in shooting accurately at night and also to distract the officer’s opponent. There is no “one best” or “more correct” method to use the flashlight. The following four techniques are presented for the officer to try. In all techniques, the following guidelines should be used: a. Use cover if available. b. Use the flashlight sparingly. c. Keep the light in front of the body. d. Change your location after firing. B. TACTICAL WEAPON MOUNTED LIGHTING SYSTEMS 1. Officers utilizing weapon mounted lighting systems shall be trained in and demonstrate proficiency in the use of weapon mountable lights (see attached checklist and photos). 2. M3X tactical light mounting example on the Glock Model 22 pistol 3. M3X tactical light mounting example on the M14/M1A patrol rifle. 7.1
Rev 01/09
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4 Rev 01/09
7.2
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8 7.3
Rev 01/09
Remington 870 Shotgun Surefire Tactical Light: Shotgun Training Check List Officer: __________________ Shotgun Serial #: _____________ District: ___________ The Surefire Remington 870 shotgun tactical light attachment, the side saddle shell carrier, and the IDB tactical sling were installed on the above officer’s duty issued shotgun on ______________ (print date). Following the installation of the tactical light attachment, the above officer has shown proficiency in the following training areas:
1. How to turn the light attachment on and off both permanently and intermittently. 2. How to cycle the action reliably with the light attachment installed. 3. How to maintain and remove and install two 3 volt batteries in the light system. 4. How to load the shotgun from the side saddle with both the strong and support hand (demonstrated with dummy rounds). 5. How to position and deploy the tactical sling and shotgun combination. 6. How to transition the shotgun carry position between the “port arms hang” and “over the back” position. 7. How to transition between the shotgun and handgun using the port arms hang position. 8. How to use the light system tactically and intermittently to avoid telegraphing his/or her position when deploying the shotgun. 9. How the light shall only be used to illuminate targets when the shotgun is deployed and can not be used for general illumination purposes while on patrol.
Firearms Instructor: _______________________________________________ Print Name Signature Date: _________________
Rev 01/09
7.4
Glock Model 22/M14/M1A M3X Tactical Light: Handgun/Rifle Training Check List Officer: _________________ District: _________________
Handgun Serial #: _______________ Rifle Serial #: _______________
On ______________ (print date), the officer listed above showed competency and understanding in the use of the tactical light attachment. The above officer has shown proficiency in the following training areas: 10. How to turn the light attachment on and off both permanently and intermittently. 11. How to cycle the action reliably with the light attachment installed. 12. How to maintain, remove and install two 3 volt batteries in the light system. 13. How to position and deploy the tactical sling and rifle combination. 14. How to transition the rifle carry position between the “port arms hang” and “over the back” position. 15. How to transition between the rifle and handgun using the port arms hang position. 16. How to use the light system tactically and intermittently to avoid telegraphing his/or her position when deploying the rifle or pistol. 17. How the light shall only be used to illuminate targets when the rifle/pistol is deployed. The light shall not be used for general illumination purposes while on patrol (when attached to the firearm). * Officer may use the M3X light as a secondary light source when not attached to a firearm.
Firearms Committee Member: _______________________________________________ Print Name Signature Officer: ________________________________________________ Print Name Signature
7.5
Rev 01/09
C. FLASHLIGHT POSITIONS POSITION #1: Ayoob, is for the Isosceles shooter The flashlight is held in the weak hand and the thumbs of both hands are brought together providing a stable two-hand grip. At short range, if the light is beamed in the opponent’s eyes, shots will hit in the body mass area. The sights may also be used in this shooting position. (Figure 9) Figure 9 POSITION #2: Teacup is for Weaver and Isosceles shooters The barrel of the flashlight is held against the bottom of the grip of the firearm. The flashlight is used sparingly. The use of the sights is relatively simple in this shooting position. (Figure 10)
Figure 10 POSITION #3: Chapman/Rogers is for both the Weaver and Isosceles shooter. The thumb and the index finger hold the light with the lower three fingers involved in the normal twohand grip. The switch will be activated with the thumb. This position is hard to use with fat lights unless the shooter has large hands. (Figure 11)
Figure 11 POSITION #4: Harries is for Weaver shooters. The light hand passes under the gun with the backs of the wrists together. The shooter should be aware of the position of the light hand when using a pistol, as the action of the slide could be hindered. To check this, simply lock the slide to the rear, position the hands to index, and develop the appropriate placement of the light hand. (Figure 12) Rev 01/09
Figure 12 7.6
POSITION #5: USMC is for both Weaver and Isosceles shooters. It incorporates the head of the light pressed against the fingertips of the gun hand. The push/pull isometric tension applies pressure to the gun hand. This position is fast to assume. (Figure 13)
Figure 13 D. FLASHLIGHT TECHNIQUES FOR “TAIL CAP” STYLE FLASHLIGHTS POSITION #6: Cigar Grip Begin by gripping the flashlight between the index and middle finger of your weak hand like a cigar. Place the bottom three fingers of your weak hand across the bottom three fingers of the strong hand that is gripping the firearm. A push/pull is created between the three weak hand fingers and three strong hand fingers to help steady the firearm. The thumb of the weak hand is used to operate the tail switch on the flashlight. (Figure 14-15)
Figure 14
Figure 15
POSITION #7: Harries Technique With the firearm gripped in the strong hand, take the weak hand and grasp the flashlight with your thumb operating the tail switch. Bring the weak hand underneath the strong hand and press the backs of the hands together. The pressure of the two hands back to back should help steady the firearm (and recoil). (Figure 16-17)
Figure 16 7.7
Figure 17 Rev 01/09
POSITION #8: Surefire/Rogers Technique Begin by gripping the flashlight between the thumb and index finger of your weak hand. The tail switch should be positioned in the palm near the base of the thumb. Place the bottom three fingers of the weak hand across the bottom three fingers of the strong hand that is gripping the firearm. The tail switch is activated by depressing it into the palm of the weak hand. Note: this works best with flashlights that have a ring attached to the body of the light. (Figure 18-19)
Figure 18
Figure 19
When reloading, the flashlight should be placed in a normal storage location such as a baton ring, inside a pocket, or if a small light, like a laser product or mini-mag light should be placed in the light holster. The light can be placed inside the belt or as a last resort under the shooting arm. Holding the flashlight with the legs or placing it on the ground will result in loss of the light during movement. E. COVER AND CONCEALMENT In many situations, a warden must work without cover or concealment. However, when it is available, at least concealment and if possible, cover should be considered. The word cover, when used in the context of firearms, means any object which will protect you from hostile fire. Cover may stop shots, but may also deflect or slow down bullets. Concealment, on the other hand pertains to protection form being seen by a suspect. Concealment alone will not stop bullets. Darkness is not considered to be cover. (Passing headlights or flashlights may give away your location.) Proper use of cover is probably the most important single tactic for surviving a dangerous situation. About 2/3 of the officers who become involved in shootings have not made use of cover. Each warden must get into the habit of looking for cover when making hunter contacts, so that you will know where to go if someone fires at you. Not only should you do this when on foot, but also when you are driving a patrol vehicle. Items to be considered when choosing cover include: 1. The location of the suspect. 2. The type of firearm the suspect is using. 3. Positioning yourself to return fire (i.e., barricade shooting, grip, stance, etc.).
4. Distance cannot be considered to be cover, since a good high-powered scope shrinks the officer’s false security area. Rev 01/09
7.8
5. Any cover is better than none, but certain cover is better than others. A good sized tree is excellent cover as far as minimal penetration by most bullets. However, a ten-inch pole can be penetrated by a .30 caliber rifle firing metal jacketed bullets. The 30.06 armor piercing round is the most penetrating round likely to be encountered and is capable of penetrating seven inches of solid concrete, or 48 inches of packed earth. Considering the lighter construction of automobile doors and fenders, many commonly encountered calibers may penetrate patrol vehicle or Department issued body armor. 6. Try to blend in with the cover you have chosen. Your posture should be geared first to achieving maximum concealment. Sitting and prone positions should be avoided, since these positions reduce your ability to move when necessary. (See barricade in section 3, figures 28-31) 7. If at all possible, do not shoot over your cover; shoot around cover. (Figure 20) 8. Above all, maintain good cover. Do not leave good cover to help a fellow officer who has been injured.
Figure 20 F. TACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 1. In an actual field shooting situation, try to reload during a “tactical pause” or break in shooting and especially before you advance your position. This does not necessarily mean after you have shot the last round. 2. Reload behind cover, or at least behind a concealed position. Remember to keep your eye on the suspect. 3. If you are working with a partner, remember to communicate about your shooting status. Try not to reload at the same time. 7.9
Rev 01/09
G. TACTICAL SLING APPLICATION: 1. Grasp firearm in strong hand and sling in weak hand. Muzzle down. 2. Using weak hand, index finger, grasp outside band of sling. (Figure 21) 3. Holding only outside band, pull open so the sling forms a triangle. (Figure 22) 4. Weak side arm feeds through the triangle followed by the head. (Figure 23-24) 5. Firearm is shouldered with sling. (Figure 25)
Figure 22
Figure 21
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25
Rev 01/09
7.10
Transition between front and back carry positions 1. Front to Back 2. Using weak side hand, grasp fore-end of weapon. Place butt of weapon over strong side shoulder transitioning to strong hand until weapon is resting in the rear carry position. (Figure 26-29) 3. Back to Front 4. Using weak hand grasp pistol grip and rotate butt end of weapon into the strong side shoulder. Re-establish proper grip. (Figure 30-33) Beware of muzzle control at all times
Figure 26
Figure 30 7.11
Figure 27
Figure 31
Figure 28
Figure 32
Rev 01/09
Figure 29
Figure 33
SECTION 8
FIREARMS COURSES • Handgun Courses - Warden’s - Undercover Sidearm - Night - Retired Warden’s • Shotgun - Day/Night • Rifle - Day/Night REMEMBER TO INSPECT YOUR WEAPON AND MAGAZINES FOR DUMMY ROUNDS AND LOAD WEAPONS BEFORE GOING BACK TO DUTY. When qualification courses cannot be completed as described in the manual due to range restrictions, the rangemaster may modify the course to incorporate all training specifications of the course. Any modification shall be described on the record of training (DFG 950). WARDEN’S COURSE Target: DFG/CHP Combat (white face side, not the 75 foot silhouette target side) B-27 or B-27A target counting only those hits within the 7 ring and hits to the head. Ammunition: 48 rounds Qualification: 34 hits (pass/fail only); 48 possible Scoring: Score one point for any hit on the silhouette outlined area of the target. Stages 1-4 shall be scored before moving to Stage 5. The score shall be reduced one hit for each missing head shot from stage 3. All shooting is done utilizing equipment carried on duty. All reloading will be done from magazines and magazine pouches, except at stage 4. Pistols shall be loaded to maximum capacity at the start of the course and reloaded as necessary during the timed segments. Magazines may not be charged between stages other than between stages 4 and 5. Weapons must be loaded using either a tactical or combat load during the timed stage (to practice loading under pressure). Stage 1 — 25 yard line o 12 rounds; instructor will choose tactical position, 60 seconds. Begin with the weapon loaded and holstered with magazines charged and in their pouches. Run approximately 25 yards or run in place for 5 seconds, then assume a tactical position. (The instructor will pick the position i.e. prone, kneeling, standing, barricade, etc.) All weapons shall remain holstered Rev 01/09
8.1
while running. Fire 12 rounds, reload as necessary. Go to a low ready position and holster a loaded weapon on command — utilize cover if available when reloading. Stage 2 — 15 yard line o 12 rounds; six strong hand, six weak hand, in 35 seconds. Run from the 25 to the 15 yard line. Weapons shall remain holstered while running. From the standing or kneeling position draw and fire six rounds with the strong hand, reloading as necessary. Transition the weapon to the weak hand and fire six rounds. After firing with the weak hand, transition the weapon to the strong hand an perform a TACTICAL reload, inserting a full magazine into the weapon and storing the partial magazine somewhere other than the magazine pouch. Go to a low ready position and holster a loaded weapon when completed. Stage 3 — 7 yard line o 12 rounds; four seconds per set of three shots. From the low ready position fire three rounds (two to the body and one to the head) on command. Repeat on command and reload as necessary. Reload and holster a loaded weapon when completed. The head shots are mandatory and the score will be deducted one hit for each missing head shot. There should be four shots to the head for this set. Stage 4 — 7 yard line o Six rounds; three sets of two shots, handcuffs in weak hand. With the handcuffs in the weak hand and the weapon pointed at the target (finger off the trigger), advance, as directed, on the target. On command fire two rounds, while holding on the target. Repeat above sequence twice. During this stage you will encounter the need for a combat load. Combat load utilizing the partial magazine that was stored during Stage 2. Do not advance while combat loading. Reload and holster at the end of the stage. The handcuffs may be dropped when firing begins. SCORE TARGETS Stage 5 — 7 yard line o Six rounds; six seconds, Shoot-Don’t Shoot, Target Identification. A total of three targets are set up with one, two, or three of them posing a deadly threat. Fire a total of six rounds at the target(s) posing a threat in the order of the threat level (the most threatening first or as directed). Reload and holster. UNDERCOVER SIDEARM COURSE The undercover sidearm course is the same as the warden’s handgun course, except Stage 1 will be fired from the 15 yard line. Weapons qualified with on this course may not be carried as a uniform duty weapon. All weapons shall remain holstered while running. 8.2 Rev 01/09
NIGHT COURSE Target: DFG/ CHP Combat Target / B-27 or B-27A Ammunition: 36 rounds Qualification: 26 hits This course is essentially the same as the Warden’s Course except the second stage is eliminated and the 25 yard stage is moved to the 15 yard line. For the purposes of firing the Night Course, night shall be defined as: When light is reduced to such a point that the night sights are glowing and target identification is impaired. The night course will be fired using the M3X tactical light attached to the Glock model 22 pistol. Each officer shooting the night course will demonstrate proficiency in installing and removing the M3X tactical light from the Glock 22 pistol during each night course of fire. During one stage of the low light pistol course, the Rangemaster shall require the use of an alternate flashlight and handgun/flashlight technique other than the M3X tactical light attached to the pistol. The stage throughout the course where this will occur is at the discretion of the firearms instructor. Stage 1 — 15 yard line o 12 rounds; instructor will choose tactical position, 60 seconds. Begin with the weapon loaded and holstered with the magazines loaded and in the pouch. Run from the 25 to the 15 yard line and assume a tactical position (the instructor will pick the position; prone, kneeling, standing, barricade, etc.). Fire 12 rounds. Reload as necessary and holster. (Reload should be done behind cover.) Stage 2 — 7 yard line o 12 rounds; four seconds per set of three shots. From the low ready position fire three rounds (two to the body and one to the head). Repeat on command and reload as necessary. Reload and holster. The head shots are mandatory and the score will be deducted one hit for each missing head shot. There should be four shots to the head for this set. Stage 3 — 7 yard line o Six rounds; three sets of two shots, handcuffs in weak hand. With the handcuffs or a flashlight in the weak hand and the weapon pointed at the target (finger off the trigger), advance on the target. On command fire two rounds, hold on the target, and repeat above sequence twice. Reload and holster.
Rev 01/09
8.3
SCORE TARGET Stage 4 — 7 yard line o Six rounds; six seconds, Shoot-Don’t Shoot, Target Identification. A total of three targets are set up with one, two, or three of them posing a deadly threat. Fire a total of six rounds at the target(s) posing a threat in the order of the threat level (the most threatening first or as directed). Reload and holster. RETIRED WARDEN’S COURSE Target: DFG/CHP Combat (white face side) or B-27 or B-27A target counting only those hits within the 7 ring and hits to the head. Ammunition: 10 Rounds. Scoring: 6 hits (Pass/Fail only); 10 possible hits. Distance: 7 yards. The Department Rangemaster may fail the shooter for any unsafe practice or the lack of ability to maintain control of the weapon. Safe operation would include, but not be limited to: condition of the firearm, muzzle and firearm control, loading procedures, mechanical safeties of the firearm, etc. Stage 1 o Begin with the firearm unloaded and holstered. Shooter will draw an empty firearm and demonstrate the basic safety operation of the weapon. Stage 2 o Load the firearm and holster. The shooter will have 2 minutes to complete the course. On command, the shooter will draw and fire five (5) rounds from the standing position, combat reload and fire five (5) more rounds. The course may be fired with either one or two hands, but without any other support such as a barricade. NOTE: Retired officer must supply his/her own weapon and ammunition.
8.4
Rev 01/09
SHOTGUN COURSE A shotgun qualification score shall be fired twice (one day light and one low light) per year, not to exceed one score per quarter. Target: B-27 or B-27A Ammunition: 12 rounds total; two rounds slug, 10 rounds #00 buck (either 9 or 12 pellets per shotshell. Do not mix ammo). Scoring: Pass/Fail based on number of hits. Must have 70 points with 9 pellet #00 buck, or 90 points for 12 pellet #00 buck. Each hit with a rifled slug scores five points. Each hit with #00 buck scores one point. A hit anywhere in the black on the target counts toward the score. Stage 1 — 50 yard line o Two rounds slug: standing in 10 seconds. Shooter begins with empty shotgun, action open, safety on. This stage can be fired from the 25 yard line when the 50 yard line is not available. Hits inside the 7 ring will be scored. On command, shooter combat loads one round into ejection port and one round into magazine and fires two rounds. Stage 2 — 20 yard line o Six rounds: #00 buck, standing in 40 seconds, one target. Shooter begins at the 50 yard line. Shotgun is placed in the patrol vehicle, where normally carried, with four rounds in the magazine, trigger snapped, and safety on. Patrol vehicle is parked at the 20 yard line. Two additional rounds need to be immediately available. On command, shooter runs to the patrol vehicle and removes the shotgun. Shooter fires six rounds, utilizing the vehicle for cover. Either combat or tactical reloading may be used. Stage 3 — 10 yard line o Four rounds: #00 buck, standing in 20 seconds, two targets. Patrol vehicle is parked at the 20 yard line. Shotgun is returned to the patrol vehicle with four rounds of #00 buck in the magazine, trigger snapped. Safety on. On command, shooter removes the shotgun from the vehicle, chambers one round and moves to the 10 yard line. Under direction from the rangemaster, the shooter starts advancing on the targets. On command the shooter will fire two rounds from the hip or shoulder position on each of two targets.
Rev 01/09
8.5
SHOTGUN QUALIFICATION COURSE (Lowlight Course) Target: B-27, B-27A Ammunition: 12 rounds total; two rounds slug, 10 rounds #00 buck (either 9 or 12 pellets per shotshell. Do not mix ammo). Scoring: Pass/Fail based on number of hits. Must have 70 points with 9 pellet #00 buck, or 90 points for 12 pellet #00 buck. Each hit with a rifled slug scores five points. Each hit with #00 buck scores one point. A hit anywhere in the black on the target counts toward the score. Stage 1 — 25 yard line Two rounds slug: standing in 10 seconds. Shooter begins with an empty shotgun, action open, safety on. Only hits inside the 7 ring will count for score All low light shooting shall be completed using the Surefire shotgun tactical fore-end light Stage 2 — Same as daylight course. Stage 3 — Same as daylight course. RIFLE COURSE Two (one day light and one low light) rifle qualification scores shall be fired each calendar year. RIFLE QUALIFICATION Target: One Fish and Game Combat, B-27A, B-27, or B-27 50 yard reduced target. Ammunition: 49 rounds (40 rounds of .308 rifle and 9 rounds of .40 caliber pistol). Scoring: Pass/Fail based on number of hits. To pass, shooter must have 35 hits inside the silhouette on the combat target or inside the 7 ring on the B-27A, B-27, and 50 yard reduced B-27 target. On reduced range facilities utilizing the 50 yard reduced range rifle target, stage 1 and stage 2 shall be shot on the 50 yard line. Stage 1 — 100 yard line Load one rifle magazine with five rounds and the second rifle magazine to capacity. Handgun magazines shall be loaded to capacity on the Sam Browne belt. The five round rifle magazine shall be loaded into the rifle first. 8.6
Rev 01/09
Sitting/Kneeling Position. From the standing position and on the threat command, drop to kneeling or sitting position of your choice, fire five rounds and execute a combat reload in 45 seconds. Recover to the standing position. The empty magazine may now be fully loaded. Reload as necessary for the remainder of the course. Stage 2 — 100 yard line Prone Position. From the standing position and on the threat command, drop to a supported prone position and fire five rounds in 45 seconds. Recover to the standing position. Following the completion of stage 2, execute a slow tactical walk forward to the 50 yard line. When using reduced targets, walk in place for one minute at the 50 yard line before completing stage 3. Stage 3 — 50 yard line High Kneeling Position. From the standing position, drop to a high kneeling position and fire two rounds in 10 seconds on the threat command. Scan and recover to a standing position. Repeat for a total of 6 rounds. Following the completion of stage 3, execute a slow tactical walk forward to the 25 yard line. Stage 4 — 25 to the 7 yard line Forward Tactical Walk. On the move command, begin a slow tactical walk forward to the seven yard line. On the threat command stop, fire two rounds, cover your target, and then dress the line. Repeat two more times for a total of six rounds. Stage 5 — 7 to the 25 yard line Tactical Retreat. On the move command, begin a slow tactical retreat back to the 25 yard line. On the threat command stop, fire two rounds, cover your target, and then dress the line. Repeat two more times for a total of six rounds. Stage 6 — 25 yard line Strong side Pivots. Turn your body 90 degrees to the right (right handed shooter), or 90 degrees to the left (left handed shooter) of the target. Shooter should be facing the line of shooters rather than the target. The rifle muzzle is pointed at the ground down range toward the target at all times until threats are engaged. On the threat command, execute a strong side pivot (rotate on weak leg) toward the target, engage with two rounds, and recover to repeat the drill. Repeat two times for a total of six rounds.
Following the completion of stage 6, execute a slow tactical walk forward to the 7 yard line. Rev 01/09
8.7
Stage 7 — 7 yard line. Handgun Transition. Unload and clear your rifle and rifle magazines of all ammunition. Load each rifle magazine with two rounds. Charge your rifle with one two round magazine. On the threat command, engage your target with two rifle rounds center mass. Transition to your hand gun and complete a failure drill firing two shots to the body and one shot to the head. Scan and cover your target before re-holstering. Repeat the drill three times for a total of 15 rounds (6 rifle and 9 pistol). Shooters may need to reload rifle magazines between drills. RIFLE COURSE 2 If unable to qualify on Rifle Course 1, Rifle Course 2 may be used for qualification. A rifle qualification score shall be fired once per calendar year. RIFLE QUALIFICATION COURSE 2 Target: One Fish and Game/ CHP B-27A, or B-27 target or B-27 TR/SO Ammunition: 20 rounds Scoring: Pass/Fail based on the number of hits. To pass, must have 14 hits in the silhouette on the Fish and Game or CHP targets, or inside the 7 ring on the B-27A or B-27 targets. This course may be fired from a 50 yard range if a 100 yard range is not available. When using a 50 yard range a B-27 TR/50 target must be used. Must have 14 hits inside the 7 ring. Stage 1 — 100 yard line o Four rounds: prone in 30 seconds o Four rounds: kneeling or sitting in 30 seconds o Six rounds: prone in 60 seconds. Start from the standing position, then drop to the prone position and fire six rounds. A reload is required. Stage 2 — 100 yard line o Six rounds: standing in 45 seconds. RIFLE QUALIFICATION COURSE (Low Light Course) Target: One Fish & Game Combat, B-27A, B-27, or B-27 50 yard reduced target. Ammunition: 34 rounds of .308 caliber rifle.
8.8
Rev 01/09
Scoring: Pass/Fail based on number of hits. To pass, shooter must have 24 hits inside the silhouett on the combat target or inside the 7 ring on the B-27A, B-27, and 50 yard reduced B-27 target. Course: The low light rifle course is the same as the day light course with the following exceptions: * Stage 1 and 2 shall be shot on the 50 yard line. * Stage 3 shall be shot on the 25 yard line. * Stage 7 is eliminated, bringing the total round count to 34 rounds of rifle ammunition only. ADDITIONAL/ALTERNATE COURSES TRAINING COURSES In addition to required qualification scores, shooters shall complete a minimum of one alternate course with any of their four firearms per quarter. These courses are for training purposes only. There are no minimum qualification scores. The alternate course shall not be one of the qualification courses listed in the Firearms Manual. Courses incorporating movement, barricades, reloads and reviewing of targets are encouraged. All enforcement personnel are encouraged to submit suggested training courses to the Firearms Committee through their rangemasters. CLOSE COMBAT SHOOTING Any firing at close range could cause severe injuries due to bullet ricochets or blow back. Flat metal frames or any material presenting a ricochet problem should not be used in these courses. Eye protection is mandatory. WARDEN SHOOTING MEDALS Shooting stage “A” of the course below will determine the marksmanship badge an officer will be awarded. The course will take place at the squad level, and can be shot as an alternate course. Participation is strictly voluntary. Just before shooting, advise your rangemaster if you want a score for a possible medal. A score of 291 or higher will be necessary to receive a “master” shooting badge. To receive an “expert” shooting badge, a score of 281 or higher is needed. A score of 271 or higher is good for a “sharpshooter” badge, and 261 for “marksman.”
Rev 01/09
8.9
PPC (CALIFORNIA COMBAT ASSOCIATION) STAGE— A 30 rounds/300 points possible/B-27 target. 1. 7 yard line/18 seconds/12 rounds, standing (point shoulder shooting, aiming). 2. 25 yard line/90 seconds/six rounds kneeling, six rounds weak hand barricade, six rounds strong hand barricade (in this order). STAGE— B 30 rounds/300 points possible/B27 target. 1. 50 yard line/2 minutes 45 seconds/six rounds sitting, six rounds prone, six rounds weak hand barricade, six rounds strong hand barricade. 2. 25 yard line/12 seconds/six rounds standing.
8.10
Rev 01/09
SECTION 9 SIMUNITIONS
The Department of Fish and Game’s goal for law enforcement training is to train as close as possible to reality. Simunition training provides realistic scenario-based less than lethal firearms training. By using non-lethal, force-on-force, interactive, live fire, scenario based training methodology, officers can experience field situations and respond appropriately to threats presented to them. This training will improve officer safety and survival by giving the officer critical practical experience in deadly force situations.
A. APPROVAL All simunition scenarios will be approved in advance by a Captain prior to implementation utilizing forms, ENF 80, 81a, 81b, 81c, and 81d. Form ENF 80 shall be completed by all officers involved in the training prior to starting any scenarios. All completed forms shall be retained by the lead instructor for a minimum of 3 years. B. QUALIFICATIONS P.O.S.T. certified Simunition Training classes may be used to fulfill the requirements of the P.O.S.T. Tactical Firearms Training component of Continuing Professional Training. Simunition training may also be used as an Alternate Course for firearms certification training. C. TRAINING 1. INSTRUCTORS Training will be conducted by and under the direction of a current Department certified Simunition Supervisor trained officer. Current is defined as having attended a Simunition Inc. sponsored training within the last 3 years. There should be at least two Simunition Supervisor certified instructors per training scenario. Instructors will have students sign Basic Safety Guidelines and Safety Rules (ENF 80). They shall read the Training Safety Brief, General Safety Rules including Mishaps procedures, and the Training Evolution Brief. Instructors should fill out and complete the Instructor Information Card (ENF 81a), Equipment Requirement (ENF 81c), Role Player Information Cards (ENF 81d), and Student Training Objective Forms (ENF 81b). Instructors shall also follow the Simunition Scenario Execution Checklist.
Rev 01/09
9.1
2. ROLE PlAYERS Role players will attend a weapons familiarizations/safety briefing and expectations exercise prior to participating in the training. This information will be provided by the Simunition Instructor. D. PROCEDURES The possibility of injury, great bodily harm or death exists when using FX marking cartridge ammunition if the proper safety equipment safety rules and procedures are not followed. All instructors will ensure the proper safety equipment and safety rules are strictly enforced at all times. In addition, the participants will be made aware they may experience minor discomfort, such as a stinging sensation and or temporary reddening, minor bruising and laceration of the skin from participation in simunitions training. Scenario Development/Training Modality Overview: Scenario-based training involves placing the students in a training situation or situations that simulate the actual conditions normally found in their duty working environment in order to do the following. Teach a certain response to a given stimulus (low level training) or Test the students’ response to a certain stimulus (high level training). Scenario-based training is a very powerful tool available to the trainer. It can validate or invalidate Department training, policy and guidelines. Scenarios can range from very simple single teaching points to complex testing of multiple participants engaged with multiple role-players. The following is a list of the major program components: Personnel Training Location Equipment Training Objectives Briefs 1. PERSONNEL a. Training Safety Officer (TSO): The Training Safety Officer is the ONE person whose SOLE responsibility is to insure the safety of all scenario personnel (staff, students, role-players, observers, etc.). The TSO is generally the senior staff person (rank wise) immediately involved in the scenario training. It is best if the TSO is an experienced trainer, department policy subject-matter expert and if possible a certified Simunition Supervisor. If the TSO is not the senior staff member, then he or she must be given POSITIONAL authority for the duration of the training session. The TSO is the ONE person who is in overall charge and is ultimately responsible for the safety of training. The TSO’s duties include giving the SAFETY BRIEF, and briefing the pre-mishap medical plan. The TSO is also accountable for the safe storage, verification and issuance of training ammunition and other potentially hazardous scenario training aids such as inert chemicals and impact weapons. The TSO must conduct or personally supervise the pre-scenario personnel equipment
9.2
Rev 01/09
b. Training Officer-in-Charge (OIC). The Training Officer-in-Charge (OIC) is the person who is in charge of establishing (setting-up) and running the scenarios. The OIC should also be a training and department policy subject-matter expert and a certified Simunition supervisor. The OIC works closely with the TSO to ensure the safety of all the scenario participants while primarily focusing on achieving the training objectives as previously established for the training session. OIC duties include time and personnel management, scenario implementation and the debriefs. There can be assistant OIC’s if multiple scenarios are running concurrently. The OIC is responsible for giving the Evolution Brief. The OIC may be an active participant in the Scenario. c. Role-Player/Players (RP): Of all the people involved with the conduct of scenariobased training, the role-player has possibly the greatest influence on whether the training is successful or not. Great care must be exercised in their selection and training. The ability for a role-player to follow instructions is of paramount importance in his or her selection and in accomplishing the training objectives. Role-players need to utilize all of the protective equipment necessary in order to prevent his or her injury from their participation in the scenario. They have to be carefully selected and informed of your expectations and methodology. d. Student Trainees: The students involved in the training session are responsible for coming to the training session with a good positive attitude about the learning process and the scenario training. Teaching and learning are 50/50 partners. The trainers are responsible for giving their best efforts in insuring that safe, good-quality and relevant training is provided. In return for this effort, the students need to also give his or her best ego-free effort in attempting to achieve the desired training objectives. Students as well as all personnel involved are required to ensure that no non-converted weapons, lethal ammunition, knives, impact weapons or live chemical agents are brought to the training area. e. Support Personnel: 1. Additional Training Staff Personnel: Due to scenario complexity or due to an increased concern for safety, there may be a need to have one or more additional staff personnel available during the scenario training. These support personnel may be experienced trainers or trainers under instruction. 2. Camera Operator (CO) (Optional): The person in charge of filming the training sessions must work very closely with the OIC to capture the important action of the scenarios on tape. The camera operator should have an excellent working knowledge of the characteristics, capabilities and functions of the particular camera that is being used. Video debriefing time is usually a very precious commodity and shouldn’t be wasted by watching a painfully shaky, out of focus, dark tape that covers a little action and a lot of the floor or ceiling. Camera operators are required to wear protective equipment if filming inside the action area where he or she is exposed to the potential of being struck by a projectile. Generally, the camera operator is the person most likely to remove the protective mask during training and as such needs to be closely monitored to ensure continued compliance with safety regulations. Rev 01/09
9.3
3. Medical Personnel: Medical personnel should be notified in advance that a) the training is going to take place, b) the kind of training that is being conducted, c) the location of the training and d) the types of injuries that could occur. If they are going to be near the action, they need to be provided with proper protective clothing\equipment as necessary. 4. Range guards: For safety reasons, range guards are sometimes needed to control access into the training area. It is imperative that they stay focused in their duties as the intrusion of untrained or unprotected personnel in the training area represents a serious risk for injury and subsequent liability issues. Several guards may be necessary depending upon the size of the training site and/or the number of access points into the training area. In general, it is best if the guards, who may be a great distance from the actual training site, are in radio contact with the TSO. Range guards work for the TSO. 5. VIP’s. It is imperative that they follow the same safety rules as outlined for training. If the VIP requests photos of the training, offer to send the VIP’s photos that you have previously taken and feel comfortable with releasing to the world. 2. TRAINING LOCATION There are several issues to consider when selecting a training location to run scenario based training. The site may be a permanent site that you use each time or it might be an improvised facility that you were able to obtain on a one-time basis. The site may be indoors or out Regardless of the training site that is selected, there are a few common denominators that should be considered when selecting a training location. The first is training safety. The site should allow for three definitive zones to ensure adequate safety protocols are followed: a. Un-safe: Where all live lethal weapons, rounds, knives, etc. are kept. b. Semi-safe: Free from impact of the safe zone, and separated by a physical barrier from the safe zone. Briefs, gear storage, etc. all take place here. c. Safe zones: Training takes place here. No lethal weapons, ammunition, batons, knives, etc. allowed in this area. There should be controlled access/exit points between the zones. The site should have sufficient size to allow for student preparation, equipment, the actual scenario(s) themselves, restroom facilities and should allow for the establishment of physical security barriers (either solid or distance) from outside observers. The training site should minimize artificialities by resembling as closely as possible the training environment in which the students would find themselves during their normal duties. The training location shall be approved by a Simunition Firearms Instructor, and adhere to the following conditions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 9.4
Realistic setting Controllable area Able to withstand the marking/denting effects of marking cartridges. Exercise areas are clear of hazardous objects. Rev 01/09
3. EQUIPMENT Only tested and approved safety equipment authorized by a Simunition instructor is permitted. The safety equipment is specifically designed to guard against less than lethal ammunition impacts. It should not be used for full contact exercises. Cleaning and sanitizing the equipment is essential during and after each session. Safety gloves should be worn during Simunition training due to the velocity of the training ammunition. In order to prevent injuries, discharge of Simunition FX ammunitions should not occur within three feet. Loose fitting clothing, where air pockets can form is recommended. Tight fitting clothing may increase the stinging effects of Simunition. a. Training Weapons - Only permanently dedicated training weapons approved by the onsite Officer-in-Charge (OIC) will be used for live target engagement exercises. In addition, the following procedures must be adhered to. All weapons must be color-coded to reduce the likelihood of chambering and firing a “live” cartridge. All Simunition weapons must be designated and recognizable by the students and staff. Weapons will be color-coded and designated by blue paint or tape on the pistol grips and/or barrels/fore-ends. In addition, the magazine floor plates should also be color-coded (blue).
b. All weapons not manufactured for FX ammunition shall be permanently converted so they are unable to fire live ammunition in the caliber they were manufactured for. c. Training Ammo - Only Simunition FX marking cartridges and securiblank cartridges will be used.
Rev 01/09
9.5
d. Mandatory Safety/Protective Equipment - list for all participants in the scenario: 1. Non-breakable face shield/mask able to defeat the Simunition FX marking cartridge. The OIC and TSO should wear blue helmets to distinguish themselves during scenarios.
2. Throat guard. 3. Protective covering (no exposed skin), such as, raid jackets, overalls, BDU’s, or others. 4. Groin protection. 5. Protective gloves. 6. Vital Zones (head, face, eyes, throat, and groin) /Non-Vital Zones (torso, hands, arms, legs) Safety equipment must provide adequate protection to vital zones to prevent injury. 7. The equipment should fit properly and allow the officer to accomplish the required movements and tasks. e. Students additional, optional safety/protective equipment list: Protective vest or soft body armor. f. Role Player - additional safety/protective equipment list: 1. Protective vest or soft body armor 2. Protective gloves 3. Protective vest or soft body armor, arm protectors and additional equipment/padding as necessary. 4. Role players will be engaged in shooting situations employing Simunition considerably more often than the responding officers. Role players must wear additional protection to prevent injury. 5. Role players should take adequate breaks and take in fluids, as needed. g. Instructor/Observer/Evaluator additional safety equipment list: 1. Any other protective equipment dictated by each scenario. 2. Brightly colored safety vests. 4. TRAINING OBJECTIVES a. Primary Training Objective (PTO): The primary training objective is a concise statement relating to the training staff, and the intent and overall methodology of the training session. In general, describe if the scenario is designed to teach or test and how this is going to be accomplished. If the intent of the scenario is to teach the student(s) a specific skill or an understanding of specific knowledge such as Department policy, then the 9.6
Rev 01/09
scenario is generally lower on the intensity continuum. Conversely, if the intent is to test the student’s performance of a particular skill, decision-making ability or understanding of specific knowledge after the student has been previously taught the proper responses; then the training scenario moves higher up on the intensity continuum. The staff needs to understand the overall reason for the scenario so that the proper student stress level and debriefing methodology can be established. This information is passed through the primary training objective. The primary training objective should relate directly to the student’s line of work. It should teach/test the lessons learned by peers that have been involved with actual incidents in past duty assignments, or it should attempt to teach/test the skills that are likely to be needed by the students in future duty assignments. b. Student Training Objective(s) (STO’s): Student training objectives (STO’s) are the teaching/learning points that will be presented and covered in the scenario. There can be single or multiple student training objectives in the same scenario. Generally, “teaching” scenarios focus on one main STO while “testing” scenarios may contain several STO’s. c. Training Scenario Considerations: 1. Training scenarios must be prepared in writing by Simunition instructors and should be reviewed by a supervisor. 2. Situations should allow participants to win the scenario when performed in a reasonably acceptable manner. Any remedial training should be given to the officer immediately. 3. Scenarios should begin as low level exercises until the students demonstrate their ability to perform at a higher level of intensity and complexity. 4. Actions of scenario participants should be predictable and based on the “rules of engagement” established in the final briefing. 5. Scenario designers should consider the location of the participants when confrontations are scripted to occur. Confrontations should be designed to avoid point blank or close-in shooting. 5. BRIEFINGS: Safety Brief: Prior to the beginning of the training evolutions, the Training Safety Officer (TSO) is required to cover, in depth, issues involving safety. This should be done with all participants present and, optimally, in a semi-formal environment. Semi-formal in this sense means that all scenario participants, which include the staff, the students, the role players, medical and other support personnel stop all other activities and pay attention to the brief. This plan shall be communicated to the students. The Safety Brief will contain portions of the Pre-mishap Medical Plan.
Rev 01/09
9.7
SIMUNITION SCENARIO EXECUTION CHECKLIST TSO = TRAINING SAFETY OFFICER OIC = OFFICER IN CHARGE CO = CAMERA OPERATOR TSO Give Safety Brief. OIC Conduct Evolution Brief. OIC Safety Inspection of TSO. TSO Conduct Safety inspection of OIC, RP’s, CO’s & vehicles (if applicable). OIC Brief RP’s & CO’s & place them in position for scenario. TSO Prepare all weapons & give unloaded weapons to RP’s if needed. OIC Bring Students to “Safe zone” area for inspection. TSO Conduct Safety inspection on students & vehicles. OIC Conduct 1st “Safety Loop”. RP’s/CO put masks on from now until the range is called “Cold”. RP weapons are not loaded yet! When satisfied that everyone is briefed and wearing all necessary protective equipment and the training area is secure, ask the TSO for “Permission to go “Hot”. TSO Tell OIC to “Standby!” Conduct 2nd “Safety Loop”. OIC Present “Student Information Card” if not previously done and answer any final questions that the Students may have about the scenario. TSO When satisfied with personnel and training site security, announce “Range is “Hot”. RP’s now load weapons. Tell OIC that he/she can load weapons at his/her discretion. OIC Tell Students to face in a safe direction and lock & load weapons. Tell CO’s to start taping. Instruct Student’s to begin. TSO Watch for safety violations & stay close to any “hands-on” action. If safety violation occurs, shout “Cease fire”. OIC Watch for safety issues & STO’s to be met. End scenario by shouting “Cease fire, cease fire, everyone come to the sound of my voice”. All masks stay on! Check for any serious injuries and note: If any serious injury occurs, go through “CLEAR & SAFE” procedure by conducting a personnel and weapon count and then immediately follow the Medical Mishap Plan! Clear and Safe Procedures OIC Instruct Students to face a safe direction & clear & safe all weapons and place them in a predetermined (by OIC) spot. Conduct 1st “Safety Loop”: count 1) all personnel, 2) all weapons, 3) all magazines, OC & batons. If count is complete, ask TSO for permission to go “Cold”. TSO Conduct 2nd “Safety Loop”. If recount is complete, call “The range is “Cold”. All masks can be removed. OIC Conduct shot placement assessment. 1) RP’s, 2) Students. If Student remediation is necessary, go to Remediation. OIC Conduct scenario debrief: 1) Students, 2) RP’s, 3) OIC/TSO, 4) tape End a/Scenario. Remediation TSO Retrieve more FX rounds (if needed) to repeat scenario. OIC Have CO rewind tape, conduct short debrief of 1) Students, 2) RP’s, 3) OIC/TSO & then 4) show tape, if beneficial. Repeat scenario as necessary for STO success. (3rd time is a 25% walk-through). When the STO(s) is/are met, shout “Cease fire, cease fire, everyone come to the sound of my voice”. All masks stay on! Check for any serious injuries continue with “Clear and Safe Procedures”. 9.8
Rev 01/09
TRAINING EVOLUTION BRIEF Today we will be conducting a reality based training using Simunitions FX marking cartridges and Glock Model T 17 training pistols. Prior to entering this “ Semi Safe” area, you were told not to bring any lethal items by the TSO. You should have with you your protective equipment and all duty gear. I ( the OIC) will assign the student(s), and separate them from the group and brief them. I will assign role-players and a camera operator and the TSO will assign range guards. The role-players , camera operator and I will accompany the TSO to the entrance of the “SAFE” area for a pre-training inspection by the TSO. The role-players and the camera operator will be completely suited up except for helmet and throat collar. After the safety inspection, I will brief the role-players and place them in their positions. You will be instructed when to put your helmet and throat collar by me. When I am satisfied, that the role-players and camera operator know their duties for the scenario, I will return to the students and give them the pre scenario briefing and answer any questions they have. I (the OIC) will then insure that the students are completely suited up, including helmet and throat collar. I will present the students to the TSO for the pre-training inspection. This will be done prior to the students entering the “SAFE” area. This will be the first of my safety loops. I will continue the safety loop with inspections of the role-players, camera operator and any other person in the “SAFE” area. When I am satisfied that everyone and everything is properly prepared for the training, I will ask the TSO to make the range “HOT”. The TSO will conduct a second safety loop. When the TSO is satisfied that all personnel are properly prepared and that the training site is safe, he will call the range “HOT”. The TSO will issue the students their weapons and instruct me, (the OIC) to commence training when I am ready. I will have the students face in a safe direction, load and holster their weapons. I will then start the scenario. Remember to keep alert, and treat the scenario as if you were on the patrol. Keep safety in mind at all times. All of the scenarios today are winnable if you use proper tactics. You are not being set up for failure. Upon completion of the scenarios, you will hear the command of “CEASE FIRE, CEASE FIRE”. Remember to keep all safety equipment on until the TSO calls the range “COLD”. If I am satisfied that no remediation is needed, I will instruct every one to face in a safe direction and unload and lock the slide back on the weapons. I will instruct you to place all the weapons, inert OC, batons and all training aids in a central area for inspection by the TSO. Only after all weapons are safe and accounted for, will I ask the TSO to make the range “COLD”. When the TSO has accounted for all the personnel and equipment, the TSO will call the range “COLD” and give permission to remove the helmets. At the end of the scenario debrief, you will return to the “SEMI-SAFE” area. Report any injuries to a staff member. This cycle will repeat until all students have completed the training. When you are finished training, remember to wash your face and hands to remove any possible lead contamination.
Rev 01/09
9.9
Basic Simunitions Safety Guidelines Four Basic Safety Rules: ● Treat all firearms as though they are loaded. ● Keep your finger outside of the trigger guard until you are on target and have decided to fire. ● Point the muzzle in a safe direction at all times (LASER RULE). ● Be sure of your target and what is beyond it.
Remember the “LASER RULE”
Treat the muzzle of your firearm as if it is a Laser gun with the beam always on; whatever the Laser beam touches, it cuts through. WHILE THE ABOVE SAFETY RULES APPLY ALSO TO FX TRAINING EXERCISES, THEY ARE SLIGHTLY MODIFIED TO ALLOW FOR ENGAGEMENT OF LIVE ADVERSARIES UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS. PARTICIPATION IN TRAINING EXERCISES USING FX PROJECTILE FIRING WEAPONS REQUIRES THE USE OF SPECIALIZED PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. ● Not all Simunition products are for use in training against live targets. Treat all ammunition as lethal until obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the difference in ammunition. ● If at any time someone perceives a situation to be hazardous, they are to shout “ Cease fire” until everyone complies. Upon hearing “Cease fire” all participants and observers will immediately stop all action and keep weapons pointed in a safe direction until receiving further orders. ● If a piece of mandatory safety equipment becomes dislodged, immediately protect the exposed area with the hands and go to the ground calling “Cease fire”. Replace the equipment when the action has stopped and it is safe to do so. ● If there is activity in the course in which you feel uncomfortable participating in for any reason, it is your responsibility to bring it to the attention of the instructor prior to participating. ● No unsafe behavior or horse play will be tolerated. ● If in doubt about something, ask… the only stupid question is the one that is not asked, resulting in injury. ● Report any and all injuries immediately to the instructor. ● It is the responsibility of the participants to disclose any existing health conditions to the instructor prior to the beginning of the training. ● Activities, that can aggravate a health condition or chronic injuries, are to be avoided. Protective equipment must be worn during FX training exercise by all participants and observers. I HAVE READ AND UNDERSTAND THE SAFETY RULES: Print Name: __________________________ Signature: __________________________ Date: ENF 80 9.10
Rev 01/09
Simunition Instructor Information Card Written By: ____________________________________ Date: ____________ Scenario Number: ______________ Title: ______________________________________________________________________________ Primary Training Objective (PTO): The PTO for this scenario is to (Teach, Test) through Reality-based training utilizing SIMUNITION® technology, the responding Police Officer(s)
in a
scenario.
Scenario Overview: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ The outcome of the scenario will depend upon the actions of the Officer(s). Possibilities include 1) Verbal resolution, 2) Less than lethal weapons such as OC or Batons, and /or 3) Deadly Force. Training Location: ________________________________________________________________________ Time of Day: ______:______ A.M. / P.M.
Daylight / Dusk / Darkness
ENF 81a Rev 01/09
9.11
Simunition Student Training Objectives (STO’s): (and Performance Debriefing Guide) 1. Use proper communication skills as outlined by Department policy when speaking to a) Dispatch, b) Suspects and c) Partner(s) (if present). Satisfactory - Unsatisfactory 2. Identify increase in threat level and take appropriate actions as outlined in Department Policy. Satisfactory - Unsatisfactory 3. Properly use available cover and/or concealment while threatened by Lethal Force or while engaged in use of Lethal Force. Satisfactory - Unsatisfactory 4. Call for “Backup” at the appropriate time as outlined by Department Policy. Satisfactory - Unsatisfactory 5. Make the appropriate use-of-force decision at the appropriate time as outlined in Department Policy. Satisfactory - Unsatisfactory 6. Properly employ appropriate use-of-force as necessary as outlined in Department Policy. Satisfactory - Unsatisfactory 7. Call EMS if needed and provide medical assistance as required by Department Policy. Satisfactory - Unsatisfactory MAIN Student Training Objective (Teaching Scenario) is circled. Officer Recipient Failure or Violations of Department Policy are cause for re-mediation. S = Satisfactory, U = Unsatisfactory Personnel Requirements: _______
Training Safety Officer (TSO)
_______
Training Officer-in-Charge (OIC)
_______
Role-Players (_______ male, _______ female)
_______
Game Wardens
_______
Camera Operator (CO) (optional)
ENF 81b
9.12
Rev 01/09
Simunition Equipment Requirements: _______ Set of Instructor information cards ( To include Student Information Cards and Role- player information Cards)
_______
Glock 17 T 9mm FX (Duty sidearm for Officer(s)
_______
Glock 17 T 9mm FX for Role-player(s)
_______
Prop Weapon type(s) marked with Blue tape: Shotgun(s) _____, Rifle(s)____
_______
Marked magazines for weapon(s) _____ for Officer(s), _____ for Role-player(s)
_______
9mm blue FX Marking cartridges for Officer(s) (Circle appropriate)
_______
9mm __________ (Color) FX Marking cartridges for Officer(s) / RP(s)
_______
9mm __________ (Color) FX Marking cartridges for Officer(s) / RP(s)
_______
9mm __________ (Color) FX Marking cartridges for Officer(s) / RP(s)
_______
9mm __________ (Color) FX Marking cartridges for Officer(s) / RP(s)
_______
9mm __________ (Color) FX Marking cartridges for Officer(s) / RP(s)
_______
Orange Safety vests (TSO, OIC, CO, VIP(s), others)
_______
Whistles (TSO, OIC(s)
_______
Metal-detector wand (TSO)
_______
Video Camera(s) with tape(s), charged battery(s), etc.
_______
Sets of protective equipment (Masks, throat protectors, groin protection are mandatory.)
_______
Canisters of inert OC spray (sized to fit Officer’s equipment)
_______
Training baton(s)
_______
Set(s) of Medical equipment as required by Department policy
ENF 81c
Rev 01/09
9.13
Simunition Role-Player Information Cards: Role-player Number
(RP -
): Name:
OIC’s Intent: Safety Equipment Requirements: Mandatory protective equipment includes ANSI Z87.1 approved facemask, throat protector and groin protection. Check your mask for suspect damage prior to use. “If in doubt, replace it”. Recommended protective equipment includes athletic-cup style groin protector, full-body covering (no exposed skin), padded hood, gloves, and chest/back protector. Scenario Props: Personnel:
Batons:
Weapons:
Knives:
OC:
Magazines:
Student information cards(s): (Call or mission / radio brief, etc.) ENF 81d Rev 01/09 9.14
SECTION 10
ENTRY TRAINING PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES A. TRAINING AND PROFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS: Due to officer safety considerations and the increased need for both high risk and low risk entry training throughout the state, Department of Fish and Game law enforcement personnel shall receive and demonstrate proficiency in this subject. All officers shall attend a basic entry training class provided by the Department and then demonstrate continued proficiency during quarterly entry training practice. These quarterly training periods can be conducted at firearms or defensive tactics training sessions and documented on the Firearms and Defensive Tactics training form (FG 950). Officers at the rank of Captain or higher shall attend the initial training but are not required to attend quarterly training sessions. B. DEPARTMENT ENTRY PRINCIPLES: The Department of Fish and Game’s high and low risk entry program is based on the principles of speed, surprise and the use of effective force options authorized by the Department. C. ENTRY AND PERIMETER TEAM PERSONNEL NEEDED: The entry team should contain a minimum of 8 to 10 officers. The perimeter security team should contain at least two officers and more as needed depending on the entry site. Note: An officer at Captain or above may determine the size of a team (e.g. smaller than the recommended 8 to 10) based on the circumstances of the entry. D. ENTRY TEAM BASIC PRINCIPLES: The entry team should move at a deliberate and controlled pace through the structure and only at the speed the entire team is capable of. The following guidelines for the team apply during all entry operations: 1. Team members always maintain a proper defensive platform. 2. Team members stay together and maintain team integrity. 3. Team members carefully follow the floor plan of the structure. 4. The team clears danger areas in a systematic and specific manner. 5. The entry team has a primary entry point into the structure and a secondary entry point in the event the primary entry point is ineffective. 6. A minimum of two officers enter each room. 7. Never move forward of the point man to handcuff. 8. Unless additional personnel are available to assist with suspect control, the clearing Warden that handcuffs a suspect will maintain care, custody, and control of that person. E. ENTRY TEAM FEATURES: 1. The entry team should be comprised of 8 to 10 team members, and may include trained allied agency personnel. 2. The team should clear and secure one area at a time before moving forward. 3. The team should secure one threat at a time while covering additional threats if present. 4. The team should never bypass a threat. 5. The team should incorporate the ballistic shield where applicable. 10.1 Rev 01/09
F. ENTRY TEAM ORDER: (Suggest a diagram) 1. Point Officer: Front Cover on Approach 2. Team Member 3. Team Member 4. Team Member 5. Team Leader 6. Team Member 7. Breacher (EMT if possible) 8. Rear Security (EMT if possible) 9. Perimeter Team Member 10. Perimeter Team Member G. ENTRY TEAM ASSIGNMENTS: 1. Point Officer Responsibilities: Point officer is positioned in the front of the stack of entry team members. The point officer covers in front of the team and maintains security ahead of the team while rooms are cleared. 2. Team Member Responsibilities: Entry team officer clears rooms and locates and controls suspects. 3. Team Leader Responsibilities: A. Monitors the team’s progress and follows in the rear or parallels the team, controlling the pace if necessary. B. Gives directions when appropriate. C. Is not a primary room clearer and attempts to avoid involvement with searches or suspect control. D. Ensures movement and location of entire team during initial entry and while clearing structure. E. Maintains team member count and orders evacuation if needed. F. Has authority to abort operation if necessary. G. Has authority to call for an alternate breech point if necessary. 4. Breacher Responsibilities: A. Possesses a working knowledge of construction techniques and the ability to locate a breach point’s weakest area. B. Possess the ability to determine the right tool for the breach. 5. Rear Security Responsibilities: A. Protects the team from the rear. B. Remains at the breach point if necessary. C. Maintains visual and/or verbal contact with the team. D. Notifies the team if unable to remain at or cover the breach point. 10.2
Rev 01/09
6. Perimeter Team Responsibilities: A. The perimeter team shall contain a minimum of two officers and be in position before the entry team makes their approach. B. The perimeter team prevents entry or egress of unauthorized personnel, and insures safety of the entire team. C. The perimeter team will secure the outside of the structure by covering all avenues of escape to include doors and windows. D. While in position, the perimeter team should use all available cover. E. The perimeter team must maintain its exterior positions regardless of any observed internal actions, and will enter into the structure only when directed to do so by the entry team leader. F. The perimeter team will not fire into the structure unless it is to protect the entry team during its approach. G. The perimeter team should not chase a runner into the structure and the entry team should not chase a runner out of the structure. H. If either the perimeter team or the entry team encounters a fleeing suspect, that team will verbally notify the other team of the situation. H. EXECUTION OF THE POINT OFFICER SYSTEM: When conducting an entry, the point officer is responsible for describing what is ahead of the team to clear and search. What the point officer describes ahead dictates how the entry team will set up to clear and search the first room. Example In Steps: (Suggest a diagram) 1. While moving down a hallway the point officer (#1) sees a closed door on the right and ahead of the team. 2. The point officer stops before passing the closed door and calls out to the team behind, “Closed door right.” 3. The #2 team member then looks back to ascertain if the team has adequate personnel (at least two officers) in the stack to safely enter and clear that room. 4. #2 then calls out to #1, “Bump one.” 5. Hearing “bump one” as the signal to move, #1 passes the closed door as #2 and #3 move forward behind #1 and post on both sides of the door. 6. The door knob side officer opens the door, while the hinge side officer enters the room first, moving across the threshold, followed by the door knob side officer. 7. Both officers have now cris-crossed each other and entered both sides of the room, handling suspects if present. 8. The point officer (#1) maintains cover of everything ahead of the team, while #2 and #3 enter and clear the room behind #1. 9. The team leader (#5), remaining team members (#4, #6), and the Breacher and Rear Guard (#7, #8), remain in their positions in the hallway. 10. Once #2 and #3 have cleared the room, both officers announce clearly to the rest of the team that the room is clear, their name, and that he or she is coming out to join the team. An example of this is, “Clear…Officer Smith coming out!” 11. When leaving the room and re-entering the hallway, #2 and #3 will also wave an open hand into the hallway from inside the door to visually notify the rest of the team that they are coming out. 10.3 Rev 01/09
12. Once #2 and #3 are back in the hallway and have joined the rest of the entry team, the point officer continues moving the team to clear the remainder of the structure. I. ROOM CLEARING STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES: 1. #1 officer entering a room does not initiate movement into the room until a squeeze or verbal signal is received from the #2 officer entering behind #1. 2. When entering the room, #1 will commit to a direction and clear the threshold without stopping in the threshold. This allows #2 to enter directly behind #1. 3. When entering the room, #1 commits to a direction deemed to be the biggest threat. #2 will key off of #1 and clear the opposite side. #1 and #2 will not over penetrate the room. #1 and #2 will post just inside, and to the side, of the threshold, visually clearing their immediate corner to the center of the room. 4. Once inside the room #1 and #2 will identify all additional threats (beds, closets, bathrooms). 5. When needing additional help in a room, #1 or #2 can verbalize “trailer” to the remaining team members outside the threat area. The team leader then sends an additional team member inside to assist as needed. J. ROOM CLEARING TECHNIQUES: In addition to the point officer system described above, three additional room clearing techniques can be used safely and effectively in any structure clearing scenario encountered by enforcement staff. These techniques are quick peeks, slicing the pie, and dynamic entries. Quick Peeks: A technique used to obtain a view inside a room before entering. Quick peeks are also effective when clearing corners, checking crawl spaces, checking attic openings, and checking under beds. Quick peeks are done by quickly peeking around a corner to observe threats before breaking cover and moving into that area. Quick peeks must be done swiftly to avoid being a target to a suspect and should be used no more than twice in one area. Slicing the Pie: A technique used to clear rooms, hallways, closets, and corners of all types. Slicing the pie entails moving in a circular arc around a corner, as far away from the corner as possible, to clear the area of threats ahead without being seen yourself. When done properly, an officer can effectively clear 90 percent of a room, without being seen by anyone one the inside. Dynamic Entry: A technique used when time is critical. Examples include an officer or informant down inside or the immediate destruction of critical evidence. This technique allows a team member to safely transition from the doorway to a predetermined point in the room. Dynamic entries are based on the concept that decisive action into the area is quicker than the reaction of anyone inside the area. Dynamic entries are rarely necessary and when conducted, officers should assume a threat exists in every room. K. WEAPONS HANDLING: When conducting entries, a team member should have his or her firearm aimed at potential threat areas, in the low ready position, with their finger off the trigger. Team members should not telegraph their firearms into any room, and should never sweep their teammates with the muzzles of their firearms.
10.4
Rev 01/09
Rev 01/09
![PDF[EPUB] One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish (I ...](https://p.pdfkul.com/img/300x300/pdfepub-one-fish-two-fish-red-fish-blue-fish-i-_5a206c181723dd455ed47717.jpg)
![[PDF] One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish (I Can ...](https://p.pdfkul.com/img/300x300/pdf-one-fish-two-fish-red-fish-blue-fish-i-can-_59f26bcb1723ddb7420085ad.jpg)
![[PDF] Download One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish](https://p.pdfkul.com/img/300x300/pdf-download-one-fish-two-fish-red-fish-blue-fish_59e2520a1723ddc278935389.jpg)
