2008 Insect Pest Report Once again SARDA participated in the provincial pest monitoring program. This year diamondback moth and bertha armyworm moth traps were placed along the field at NW-9-7720-W5 (Dion Bros.) south of Donnelly. Two diamondback moth traps were placed on the west side of the field. Over the monitoring period moth counts were very low as shown in figure 1. Bertha Armyworm moth counts were also very low this year. Placed along the north edge of the field moth counts in both traps, shown in figure 2, were far lower than has been seen in monitoring conducted by SARDA in recent years. Figure 1. Donnelly Diamondback Moth Counts 2008

Diamondback Moths per Trap

7 6 5 4

Trap 1 Trap 2

3 2 1 0 May 27 June 3 June 9

June 17

June 24

July 2

July 8 July 15 July 21 July 28

Collection W eek

Figure 2. Donnelly Bertha Armyworm Counts 2008 8 7

Berth Moths per Trap

6 5 Trap 1

4

Trap 2

3 2 1 0 June 22

June 29

July 6

July 13

July 20

July 27

Collection W eek

The following report compiled by Scott Meers, the Insect Management Specialist with Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, presents the 2008 provincial crop insect update.

Crop Insect Update 2008 Scott Meers Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development Summary: Cabbage seedpod weevil (CSPW) was the dominant pest species responsible for the greatest economic damage to Alberta cropland in 2008. Extensive acreages south of Highway 1 were once again treated for CSPW. The insect of most concern in central Alberta was the wheat midge; many acres were sprayed although the timing was too late in many situations. A warm open fall allowed the slightly increased number of grasshoppers a wide window for egg laying. Root maggots and wireworm continued to cause concerns in 2008. Cereal leaf beetle was confirmed in several new areas in 2008. Lygus bugs caused problems in parts of south and central Alberta. Most other insects were either low in numbers or were of less impact than expected. High levels of flea beetles this fall may indicate an increase in the spring of 2009. OILSEED INSECTS Cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus) (CSPW) has firmly established itself as a perennial insect concern in southern Alberta. Spraying is now a routine operation for most producers south of Highway 1 as economic threshold levels occurred in many fields and near threshold densities in most others. Spraying was general in the Lethbridge region. As has been the pattern for many years the earliest seeded and therefore the first canola fields in bloom draw weevil adults into the fields. There were many reports of spraying at a very early stage of bloom, possibly too early to really benefit. There is also a concern about spaying taking place in seed fields as part of the last weed control pass. There generally are very few to no insects at this crop stage but insecticides are inexpensive so are “thrown in just in case.” Environmental conditions for weevil larval development were ideal so cabbage seedpod weevil is expected to be a potentially severe problem in 2009. The 2008 survey showed that the CSPW has not increased its range in Alberta. Bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata) was almost non-existent throughout the province. Nearly 100 monitoring sites were set up through excellent cooperation of the industry. Only three monitoring sites showed an elevated risk and in the end no spraying occurred. Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) (DBM) was monitored in Alberta in 20 sites across the province. There was no need to spray for DBM anywhere in Alberta this year. Striped (Phyllotreta striolata) and crucifer flea beetle (P. cruciferae) were of little concern in 2008. Fall numbers in southern Alberta may indicate an increase in the spring of 2009. Lygus bugs were found in canola in high numbers in the early flowering stage in much of the western part of southern and central Alberta. Those fields that were sprayed for seed pod weevil most often did not need to be sprayed after flower for lygus. Many other fields, however, did need to be sprayed after flower. This strongly suggests that it may be possible to forecast lygus numbers based on an early flowering count. It also puts an interesting spin on the spraying decision for CSPW at early flower. It is also worthy to note that this year was not the typical build up in a hot dry season.

Root maggot (Delia spp.) populations increased wherever soil moisture conditions were adequate and supported larval development. The highest adult populations and larval feeding damage were observed in the black soil zones, in the Edmonton to Vermilion, and Edmonton to Red Deer areas. Yield losses were not quantified or assessed. Since there are no chemical control options producers who used higher seeding rates may have reduced damage. Although no surveys are currently employed, beneficial insects (parasitoids and predators) appear to be active in all areas. CEREAL INSECTS Wireworm (Elateridae) were once again a concern in 2008. Severity of wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus) damage was lower in most of Alberta this year compared with damage levels in recent years. Many of the areas in the black and dark brown soil zones that had high to moderately high damage at the height of the outbreak are now almost completely devoid of sawfly. A rebound in populations in a number of our monitoring sites suggests that the sawfly problem is far from over. If conditions that continue to favor the sawfly return so will the problem. As an example sawfly was a major problem in SW Alberta (Claresholm to south of Fort Mcleod) and parts of Taber county. Many growers who didn’t consider sawfly a risk had to swath early due to sawfly. In the end it was a good thing since these growers got their wheat off before the damp weather and ended up with a better grade. Orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana) was forecast to be a significant problem this year. There was some confusion on proper management of this insect but at least producers and agrologists were out looking. A preharvest survey was carried out to assess the damage and the fall soil sampling is almost complete. The samples from both surveys still need to be processed. There was some spraying and some denial so it will be interesting to see what the story is as grading reports come in. There was a fair amount of revenge spraying (late treatments) and as an industry that is very important to adjust in future years. Since the economic threat of Orange wheat blossom midge in Alberta has not typically been frequent there was some confusion related to scouting and application timing for optimum management. In some areas, later spray applications to manage midge were not timed for optimum midge management. With the outcomes of wheat grades, and the potential for significant problems in 2009 there needs to be more effective tracking to ensure the pest appropriately managed. Cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus) (CLB) is established in southern Alberta. The population levels remain very low but surveys to this point have found the beetle over an increasingly large area. The CLB is now found across southern Alberta. A very low level of parasitism by Tetrastichus julis has been identified. Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor) was common in low numbers through much of southern Alberta, often in areas where sawfly has previously been a problem or occuring at the same time in the same fields.

PULSE CROP INSECTS Pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus) damage was found in the same general area as in 2007 and was generally less severe than previous years. Spring flights were much later than in previous years and weevil populations were generally much lower. There was substantial acreage treated with Cruiser insecticide and producers naturally questioned its value in light of the lack of insect pressure. This sounds a lot like the flea beetle problem in canola. GRASS CROP, PASTURES AND GENERAL INSECTS Numbers of pest species of grasshoppers were low in most of Alberta. Very little spraying for grasshoppers occurred in 2008. A very warm open fall did allow the grasshoppers present to have a long and productive egg-laying season. There is a substantial risk of a rebound in grasshopper populations in 2009. Alfalfa weevil damage (Hypera postica) was once again common in southern Alberta. This problem has been present for the past three to four years and may require closer investigation. Some producers are now starting to use insecticides to control alfalfa weevil. For the past four years, red clover casebearer larvae (Coleophora deauratella) has been causing problems for red clover seed producers. The insect is now prevalent across the Peace region. Second year clover production is no longer worth even attempting and sometimes significant damage is found in first year stands. Acres of red clover for seed have dropped as a result of this insect problem. Honey production is being affected by the reduction of acres and the activity of the insect. Insecticide control trials have been disappointing but a pheromone trial has found two sources of pheromone with good activity. Alfalfa blotch leafminer (Agromyza frontella) is now well established in the Brooks area but it appears to be heavily parasitized in some fields. Damage in some cases was severe. While generally treatment is not warranted in forage production fields, questions remain about the economic impact in alfalfa seed fields. In September 2008, potato producers were concerned about aphids in their fields. The Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae) was identified and some producers sprayed their fields to prevent transmission of viral diseases. 2009 FORECASTS All insect forecast updates can be found at Roping the Web under the “Maps” tab. Grasshopper numbers are building in many parts of Alberta due to the very warm fall. A resurgence could be in the works if the spring of 2009 is warm and dry. Bertha armyworms appear to have run their course throughout Alberta. Armyworm problems in 2009 is unlikely. The question will be how many traps to maintain in 2009 in order to trace any rebound in the populations. Cabbage seedpod weevil is expected to continue as a major problem in 2009 as the weevils had a favorable year for their development.

Pea Leaf Weevil has established itself in southern Alberta and there is no reason to expect fewer problems with this insect in 2009. More needs to be done on a proper method of forecasting the impact of this insect. Wheat midge was a concern in 2009 and a soil sample survey was carried out in the fall of 2008 to develop the 2009 forecast. Wheat stem sawfly problems persist in the several parts of Alberta. Some of those areas will continue to require the use of solid stem wheat into 2009 as a method of limiting losses. Large portions of the area that had been struggling with sawfly will not have as much problem thanks to previous use of solid stem wheat and increases in parasitism levels. Cereal leaf beetle is expected to continue increasing in numbers. It will be important to keep a look out for this insect as we are still unfamiliar with it and the type of damage it can create. Acknowledgments Scott Meers Insect Management Specialist Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development [email protected] Thank you to the following people for their contribution to this report: Agnes Whiting, Brian Wintonyk, George Lubberts, Audrey Bamber, Jim Broatch, Robert Spencer, and Hector Carcamo.

Crop Insects Report.pdf

diamondback moth and bertha armyworm moth traps were placed along the field .... Orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana) was forecast to be a ...

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