PROBLEM CLARIFICATION REQUEST IHL 2015

Team 477 1. In “preparation of the memorials” part, it is stated that “The elements of crimes for each of the three counts against General Amir that have to be established by the Prosecution for the suspect to be convicted and the burden of proof”. Meanwhile, in the instructions, the stage of proceeding is confirmation of charges, so the three counts must be established the suspect to commit the suspect for trial. Which one is the correct one? To be convicted as in the standard for trial or to commit for trial as in the standard for pre-trial? To be committed for trial as in the standard for pre-trial – but the Prosecution still needs to prove the elements of the crimes to the relevant standard of proof for pre-trial 2. What does “colonel” mean in point 6 of the instructions regarding the applicable law? “colonel” should actually read “general” as in “general principles of law” 3. Are compound and base the same thing? Para. 16 of the Problem uses the word “base” instead of compound while it is under the “Attack against ISSF Compoud” part. They mean the same location 4. In para. 13, it is known that ISSF main base is in Astor. In para. 16, it is known that the attack was directed at ISSF base. Are they referring to the same place or not? They mean the same location 5. What does the word “region” refer to in para. 14 of the Problem? Does it refer to the whole territory of Alin or does it refer specifically to Astor? It means part of Alin territory

6. What does “colonel” mean in “Colonel Aziz Nur” in para. 5? Is it part of his name or is it a rank? If it’s a rank, was it an official title given by ALA and not a mere formality of reference by other parties? It is his rank within the militant group 7. Who is the highest authority in ISSF? Is it Colonel Crown or does he have another superior? Colonel Crown is the ISSF commander and therefore the highest ranked officer in the military forces. There is a Special Representative of the UN who is in charge of all UN operations in Alin, but the details are not relevant to the problem. 8. Is Human Rights Protection in paragraph 11 is the same entity or of the same nature with the Human Rights Watch? Human Rights Protection is an activist NGO operating internationally (it is fictitious for the purposes of this problem) 9. Is it allowed in Alin for non-military entities to own rocket-propelled grenades as mentioned in paragraph 17? The teams can make inferences about the provenance of the rockets 10. In para 19, it is stated that General Amir had been in the region for a few days--When exactly General Amir was in the region? Was it before or after the attack? The teams can make inferences about what the General is doing in the region. 11. On 13 June 2013, it is stated that 200 demonstrators succeeded in occupying the National Technical College building, is there any other person(s) other than the demonstrators who were left or had to stay in the building? The teams can make inferences about who else might have been in the building and what their status may be. 12. What kind of military and law enforcement training mentioned in para 21? Is it a basic or an advanced military training? Both basic and advanced

13. Do BBC and Al-Jazeera is broadcasted/allowed to be broadcasted in Alin? Would it be accessible to all people in Alin? The teams can make inferences about what information is available. 14. Where was Mr. Amir when he told Mr. Adada to stay vigilant and proactive in paragraph 11? They met in Orkran at their offices 15. How many pro government militants or other militant groups are there in Alin? Teams can assume that the main militants are those mentioned in the problem. 16. How close is the relationship between pro-government militants mentioned in paragraph 11 with ALIN/ADF itself? The teams can make inferences about how close the relationship is as part of their arguments. 17. Does the civilian populated area in resolution x includes civilian’s buildings? Under IHL: civilian buildings are protected as well as civilians, so the UN resolution would not compromise this principle.

Team 206 1. Is there any further elaboration of “rape” refers to Fact 10? Teams must work with the information they have been given. 2. As stated in Fact 20, was the attack from Blin and Clin air forces as ia part of ISSF personnel or was it purely Blin and Clin intervention by their air force? Blin and Clin were supporting ISSF, but not commanded by ISSF. 3. The “interview” stated in Fact 24 refers to a visual report or a written report? TV interview with Al-Jazeera 4. Is there any specific place and time of Colonel Adada’s greetings to Imad Mouse for his successful operations based on Fact 24? Teams must work with the information they have been given.

5. What kind of relationship between Imad Mousse and ADF? (Fact 24) Teams must work with the information they have been given. 6. Whether the “military training” that ISSF give to ALA Militan relating to Fact 21 is a physical or strategical training? All types of military training can be inferred. 7. What is the actual meaning of the term “detail” in Fact 10 that two women explain? They described succinctly what had happened to them. 8. Is there any specification form of General Amir’s demands to his military staff whether in verbal or written? Teams must work with the information they have been given.

Team 280 1. Regarding the name of Republic (state), in the first paragraph it's written " The Republic of Alin", but for the defence force it's written " Alini Defence Forces (ADF) (on the fourth sentence of first paragraph). Next on the fourth paragraph, in the third line, on the sentence "Resentment among the Alini Population". Is the name of Republic "Alini" and for the "defence force and the population" it's called "Alini"? Alin is the name of the Republic and people and objects and groups within it are known as “Alini”

Team 480 1. For the first charge, the crime of rape, are there any other evidences aside from the testimonials of the victims?

Teams must work with the information they have been given.

2. For the third charge, the crime of perfidy, when the ISSF Commander Colonel Crown ordered for a search of weapons in the vehicle, was that a part of the usual procedure done by ISSF before anyone should shelter in their post, or was that because there was suspicion from the ISSF to those civilians? It is usual for a military base to search all vehicles for weapons before allowing them to enter. 3. In regards to para. 19 "On September 2013, General Amir met with Colonel Adada to discuss coming military operations. International media reported that Amir had been in the region for a few days, supervising ADF operations." Does this mean Amir was already in the region for a few days before the attack on 15 September 2015?

Teams can make inferences from the information they have been given.

Team 144 1. How many women in Orkan were raped? Teams must work with the information they have been given.

2. What is the superior-subordinate relationship between Amir and Adada? A General is more superior than a Colonel.

Team 112

1. In relation to paragraph 23, does the entire information provided in this paragraph came from ISSF after event report or the list of the victims on that paragraph was an obvious fact that was not came from ISSF after event report? Yes all of paragraph 23 comes from the ISSF report. 2. In paragraph 7 line 2 it was stated "government declared martial law in Okran ...” Does the word Okran supposed to be Orkan or Okran is another different region/city? It is Okran officially, but any other variation of spelling is acceptable in Alin – they all mean the same place 3. What was the meaning of "manifestation" under paragraph 8 line 3? Protest/demonstration