USO0RE42093E

(19) United States (12) Reissued Patent

(10) Patent Number: US (45) Date of Reissued Patent:

Hansen et al. (54)

(56)

ACTIVE AUDIO COMPRESSING IN

RE42,093 E Feb. 1, 2011

References Cited

TELECOMMUNICATION U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

(75)

Inventors: Niels C. S. Hansen, Solrod Strand (DK); Ole N. Christensen, Solrod Strand (DK)

(73) Assignee: Sennheiser Communications A/S, Solrod Strand (DK)

3,943,293 A 3,991,272 A

*

4,105,974 A

*

3/1976 11/1976 8/1978

Persson et a1. .............. .. 381/72 Hobrecht et a1. ............ .. 360/62 Peters et a1. .... .. 381/108 Juve et a1.

A

*

7/1990

4,979,217

A

*

12/1990

PCT/DK03/00188

5,235,637 A 5,258,903 A 5,414,758 A

5,771,297 A

PCT Pub. Date: Sep. 25, 2003

*

5/1995

6/1998

5/2002

(Continued) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

Issued:

Jun. 12, 2007

10/508,135

Filed:

Nov. 18, 2004

AU GB

83010022 2120903

JP

* 7/1983 * 12/1983

ll-l77659 A W0 9501668

7/1999 *

l/l995

Foreign Application Priority Data (DK) ...................................... .. 2002 00433

Int. Cl. H04M 1/20

(2006.01)

Primary ExamineriGerald Gauthier (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiBirch, Stewart, Kolasch & Birch, LLP

(57)

U.S. Cl. ..................... .. 379/412; 330/10; 363/2105;

379/412; 379/8828; 381/10; 381/72; 381/73.1; 381/74; 381/75; 381/948 (58)

381/104

King et a1. .................. .. 330/10

6,473,495 B1 * 10/2002 Willer

7,231,037

Appl. No.:

Mar. 20, 2002

(52)

Richardson ................ .. 381/57

6,388,514 B1 *

W0

(51)

381/81

Kuok .................... .. 379/88.28

4/2002 Gore et a1.

Related U.S. Patent Documents

(30)

. . . .. 381/55 . . . . . . ..

l/l996 Knappe et a1. 2/1997 Satterlund et a1.

6,370,254 B1 *

Reissue of:

(64) Patent No.:

......

... ..

11/1994 Williamson, III ......... .. 381/104 *

5,485,514 A * 5,602,902 A *

PCT Pub. No.: WO03/079722

Shipley

379/156

8/1993 Kraz etal. .. 379/38803 * 11/1993 Rodriguez-Cavazos .. 363/2105

5,369,711 A

(87)

455/88

9/1980 5/1981 8/1984

4,944,015

Nov. 18, 2004

.

* *

Mar. 19, 2003

§ 371 (0)0)’ (2), (4) Date:

.

4,224,470 A 4,266,254 A 4,466,119 A

(22)

PCT No.:

........... ..

3/1979 Angner et a1.

12/153,624

(86)

Rogers

4,145,579 A *

(21) Appl. No.: PCT Filed:

Bailey ....................... .. 381/10 Tarr ..... .. 381/108

Field of Classi?cation Search .................. .. 360/62;

375/345; 379/156, 412, 88.28; 381/55, 77, 381/81, 94.8, 104, 10, 72, 73.1, 74, 75, 108; 455/631, 88, 557; 386/104; 700/503; 704/503;

ABSTRACT

An output reducing system for a telephone system, e.g., implemented in a headset, includes an input line and an out

put line, Wherein the input line transmits an incoming signal to an output transducer and the output line transmits an out

going signal from an input transducer, and a compressor

system is provided in the input line for reducing the output signal level.

330/10; 363/2105 See application ?le for complete search history.

17 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets

CD

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2

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SPEAKER

US RE42,093 E Page 2

US. PATENT DOCUMENTS 6,766,142 B2 *

7/2004

6,775,337 B2 *

8/2004 Janky et a1. ............... .. 375/345

6,785,657 B2 *

6,980,647 B1

King ........ ..

2/2006 Kanevsky et a1. ........... .. 381/72 9/2006 Iwasaki et a1. ............ .. 386/104 2002/0142803 A1 * 10/2002 Yamamoto ................ .. 455/557 2003/0144755 A1 * 7/2003 Naruki et a1. .. 700/94 2005/0152561 A1 * 7/2005 Spencer ..................... .. 381/77 7,003,123 B2 * 7,103,265 B2 *

455/63.1

8/2004

Hatanaka .................. .. 704/503

12/2005

Daugherty et a1. ........ .. 379/412

* cited by examiner

US. Patent

Feb. 1, 2011

Sheet 1 013

US RE42,093 E

US. Patent

Feb. 1, 2011

Sheet 2 013

US RE42,093 E

aux/Elm

o'cEIl

US RE42,093 E 1

2

ACTIVE AUDIO COMPRESSING IN TELECOMMUNICATION

By making the construction in this manner the output sig nal will immediately be reduced when the input signal reaches a certain level. Thereby, the immediate risk of dam

Matter enclosed in heavy brackets [ ] appears in the original patent but forms no part of this reissue speci?ca

aging the hearing of the telephone system user is signi?

tion; matter printed in italics indicates the additions made by reissue.

independent of additional power supply, i.e., the system relies entirely on the power supplied by the telephone line.

cantly reduced by a system that can provide its function

AREA OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to telecommunication systems and

The compressor circuit may in a preferred embodiment be

adapted to be operable on the audio signal alone, without additional power supply.

headsets, especially but not only headsets for telecommuni cation purposes. Such telecommunication system and head set comprises a microphone for receiving a near signal to be

In a preferred embodiment the compressor system may

comprise an electronically adjustable shunt resistance mounted in parallel with the speaker, and being realised by a

transferred away from a user and an output transducer for outputting a remote signal transferred to the user.

MOS-FET transistor, a fall resistance in series with the speaker and the shunt resistance as well as a recti?er and

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the following reference is only made to a headset. It should be appreciated that the system also relates to similar functioning parts of telecommunication systems, such as handsets and connected devices. It is well known that shocks occasionally occur in telecommunication systems. These shocks are impulses of a signi?cant voltage, which when

peak detection/doubler circuit in the form of two schottky diodes and two capacitors. The system further comprises a

DC separating capacitor, two capacitors for controlling the attack and release times for the attenuation as well as a pro 20

tecting Zener diode. The increase in the output signal at increasing input levels

they are transferred to the telephone and the headset are

above an accepted maximum (in a circuit without PTC

ejected as equivalently high sound levels to the headset

resistance) is not dependent of the time during which the input signal has been applied, but depends on the fact that

user’ s ear or ears. The sound pressure level may be as high as 25

130 to 140 dB. It is fair to say that the headset itself does not cause the shock but only transmits this to the wearer of the

headset. It is evident that when subjected to such signal, the user may suffer hearing damage and in addition to this may experience a shock condition. When using a normal handset of a telephone, the user

30

may, due to the fact that this is held by hand, quickly remove this from the ear and thereby avoid signi?cant damage from the shock. When a headset is used in connection with a tele

communication system, the output transducer will normally

35

be placed in a ?xed position in relation to an ear and main

less practical.

will even be reduced more than before.

Preferably the resistance is automatically variable in 40

The system as explained in the foregoing may advanta 45

lowing description of a preferred embodiment with refer 50

FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing showing the details of a

simpli?ed circuitry according to the invention; 55

FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing showing the details of a

further circuitry according to the invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the attenuation of the output signal in relation to the input signal in different situations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 60

According to the invention this objective is achieved by level.

ence to the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

ability of the headset to resist the transmission of the shock arising in the telephone system to the headset user.

conjunction with the input line to reduce the output signal

tion of an effective output reduction system in connection

The invention will be explained more detailed in the fol

attempt comprises placing in parallel with the output trans

means of a system wherein a compressor system is used in

geously be built into a headset, hereby enabling the applica with telephone systems without this feature.

ducer a number of diodes having the function of cutting the

The main objective of the present invention is therefore to improve a telephone system in a manner that improves the ability of the system to resist the transmission of the shock arising in the telephone system to the headset user.

response to the load. In a preferred embodiment the resistance is a so-called

PTC resistance (Positive Temperature Coef?cient).

Due to this situation a number of attempts have been made to cope with the problem of the shock. The most common

signal to a certain extent when a shock arises. This is how ever not very effective and there is still a signi?cant risk that the occurrence of a shock may lead to damage of the hearing ability of a headset user. For this reason there is a need for improving the headset and/ or the telephone system in a manner that improves the

fore raise will be seen on the output.

By including a variable resistance in the input line, rem edy may be provided for this situation and the output level

tained in position by means of a hook over the ear or a

headband. The removal is hereby not effected as quickly as in connection with the handset, which leads to an increased risk of damage of the hearing. A headset is however neces sary for many receptionists and call centre employees due to the nature of their job, and due to the fact that these groups are using the telephone for a signi?cant number of hours every day, making the use of a handset impossible, or at least

the MOS-FET transistor has reached its minimum resistance value and that an increased input signal hereafter will not give rise to any attenuation of the signal. In this situation a change of the resistance to a PTC resistance will smoothen the output, as the PTC resistance will be heated due to the effect applied to it and hence give rise to a signi?cant increase in resistance When the shock signal climbs to a certain level the tran sistor will not be able to clamp the signal further and there

65

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The circuitry shown in FIG. 1 comprises an electronically adjustable shunt resistance mounted in parallel with the speaker, and being realised by a MOS-FET transistor, a fall resistance in series with the speaker. D1 represents a recti?er diode and C1 a peak detector.

US RE42,093 E 4

3 The audio signal from the telephone is transmitted to the

sure input falls beloW the detector voltage level of 102 dB the circuit is deactivated and the sound pressure output fol loWs the sound pressure input. The invention claimed is:

tWo input terminals R+ and R— and via a small fall resistance to the speaker. The detector circuit simultaneous detects the

input signal and this signal is recti?ed and the peak level is

1. An output reducing system for use at an end of a tele

transferred. This detector voltage is transmitted to the gate terminal on the MOS-PET transistor Q1. At normal listening level the detector voltage Will not be suf?ciently high to activate the MOS-PET transistor Q1, and hence, the circuit Will be inactive and the output voltage to the speaker Will alone be the voltage relationship betWeen the small fall resis tance R1 and the someWhat larger resistance in the speaker.

phone system, the output reducing system comprising an input line and an output line, Where the input line receives an incoming audio signal With an input signal level and trans mits an incoming signal to a speaker and Where the output line transmits an outgoing signal from an input transducer, and a compressor system in the input line for reducing an output signal level, Wherein said compressor system com

This leads to an insigni?cant attenuation beloW ldB. If the audio signal is increased to above the limit for harmful sound pressures, the detector voltage reach a level control

prises: an electronically adjustable shunt resistance mounted in parallel With the speaker and consisting of a MOS-PET transistor, a fall resistance in series With the speaker, said fall

ling the MOS-FET transistor Q1 increasingly and have the

resistance being variable in response to the input signal level applied on the input line and is a positive temperature coef

effect that the resistance of this Will drop With the result that the output voltage to the speaker decrease and the sound

?cient resistance, and a recti?er diode and a capacitor acting

pressure Will be reduced.

as a peak detector.

At very high level audio signals the poWer that is left in the circuit can reach very high levels When the resistance R1

20

is a conventional resistance. Due to this a PTC (Positive

Temperature Coef?cient) resistance is inserted as resistance R1. At very high audio signals the large effect in the R1 Will have the effect that the resistance value in R1 increases and the effect in the circuit Will decrease. At the same time the

ing to claim 1. 25

signal to the speaker is further reduced.

pressor system may comprise an electronically adjustable shunt resistance mounted in parallel With the speaker, and

capacitors. The system further comprises a DC separating capacitor C3, tWo capacitors C1,C2 for controlling the attack

30

35

and release times for the attenuation as Well as a protecting Zener diode D3.

FIG. 3 is a diagram shoWing the attenuation of the output signal in relation to the input signal in different situations. The curves shoW the sound pressure produced by a head

40

set Without built-in protection shoWs that the sound pressure 45

The second curve marked “Diode protection”, for a head set With built-in protection in the form of a fall resistance and

the increase in the sound pressure output is reduced at sound pressures above 110 dB and reaches a level at 118 dB at a

50

sound pressure input at 134 dB. The third curve marked “Protection according to invention”, for a headset With a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The curve shoWs the unique “foldback sound limiting” characteristic, Where the sound pressure out

55

put folloWs the sound pressure input until the circuitry reaches a predetermined detector voltage level at 102 dB. At this level the sound pressure output is attenuated to a com

increased above approx. 134 dB. As soon as the sound pres

adjustable shunt resistance is a MOS-FE T transistor.

variable in response of the load implied on a headset that

includes the output reducing system. 9. A system according to claim 8, where the resistance is a so-called PTC resistance. 10. A system according to claim 5 wherein said compres sor system further comprises a fall resistance in series with the output transducer and the shunt resistance and a rectifier

and peak detection/doubler circuit.

back-to-back diodes in parallel With the speaker, shoWs that

fortable level of 90 dB When the sound pressure input exceeds detector voltage and the sound pressure level of 90 dB is maintained even if the applied sound pressure is

line a compressor system is providedfor reducing the output signal level, and where the compressor system is adapted to be operable to be activated by power of the audio signal, without additional power supply. 5. A system according to claim 4 wherein said compressor system comprises an electronically adjustable shunt resis tance mounted in parallel with the output transducer. 6. A system according to claim 5, where the electronically 7. A system according to claim 5, wherein the compressor system further comprises a variable resistance. 8. A system according to claim 7, where the resistance is

set as a function of the sound pressure applied. The ?rst curve marked: “Without protection”, for a head

output equals the sound pressure input.

4. An output reducing system comprising an input line, where the input line is transmitting an incoming audio signal to an output transducer, where in connection with the input

In a preferred embodiment as shoWn in FIG. 2 the com

being realised by a MOS-PET transistor Q1, a fall resistance R1 in series With the speaker and the shunt resistance as Well as a recti?er D1,D2 and peak detection/doubler circuit C1,C3,D1,D2 in the form of tWo schottky diodes and tWo

2. A system according to claim 1, Wherein the compressor is adapted to be operable on the incoming audio signal alone, Without additional poWer supply. 3. A headset including an output reducing system accord

60

1]. A headset including an output reducing system according to claim 4. 12. A headset including output reducing system according to claim 5. 13. A headset including output reducing system according to claim 6. 14. A headset including output reducing system according to claim 7. 15. A headset including output reducing system according to claim 8. 16. A headset including output reducing system according to claim 9. 1 7. A headset including output reducing system according to claim 10. *

*

*

*

*

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Mar 19, 2003 - An output reducing system for a telephone system, e.g., implemented ... sary for many receptionists and call centre employees due to the nature ...

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