Chemistry

Name: ___________________________

CALCULATIONS INVOLVING STRONG ACIDS & BASES 1.

Finding  H3O+ (aq) ) from strong acid concentrations and OH- (aq) from strong base concentrations

2.

Finding  H3O+

(aq)

 and OH- (aq) using Kw.

Finding  H3O+ (aq) from strong acid concentrations and OH- (aq) from strong base concentrations Step 1

Write the ionization equation (strong acid) or dissociation equation (strong base)

Step 2

Use the mole ratio to calculate the ion concentration in solution

Examples: 1. Find the  H3O+

2.

in a 0.467 mol/L solution of hydrochloric acid.

Find the OH- (aq) in a 0.0356 mol/L magnesium hydroxide solution.

Exercises: 1. Find the  H3O+

2.

(aq) )

(aq) )

in a 0.497 mol/L solution of nitric acid.

Find the OH- (aq) in a 0.0272 mol/L strontium hydroxide solution.

1

Chemistry

Name: ___________________________

Finding  H3O+(aq)  and OH-(aq) using Kw Background Information: Pure water has a very slight conductivity that can only be measured with very sensitive equipment, therefore water can form ions: H2O(l)

 H+(aq)

+

OH-(aq)

Auto-ionization of water  water molecules in a pure sample of water will collide with each other, some of which will react to produce ions: H2O(l) + H2O(l)  H3O+ (aq) + OH-(aq)  

reverse reaction is favored since the most prevalent species present is water reaction is at a maximum when there are no other chemical species present ie. in pure water

Kw, the Equilibrium Constant of Water

Figure: The autoionization of water



Also called ionization constant or ion-product constant



The expression for the equilibrium constant =



In pure water, the equilibrium concentration for both H3O+(aq) and OH-(aq) = 1.00 x 10-7 mol/L, at 250C.

Thus Kw =  H3O+

(aq)

products reactants

OH- (aq) = 1.00 x 10-14 (mol/L)2

(Recall that water is not included in the expression since it is a liquid) 

Addition of an acid or base will increase the  H3O+ (aq) or OH- (aq) and shift the equilibrium in such a way as to reduce the concentration of the other ion.



Since Kw will not change with changes in concentration (unless there is a temperature change), the value of Kw can be used to find the unknown concentration of H3O+ (aq) or OH- (aq).

2

Chemistry

Name: ___________________________

Example: If 1.00 x 10-3 mol of NaOH(aq) is added to 1.00 L of water, at 250C, find the H3O+ Since  H3O+

(aq)

(aq).

OH- (aq) = 1.00 x 10-14 (mol/L)2,

then  H3O+(aq) = 1.00 x 10-14 (mol/L)2 =1.00 x 10-14 (mol/L)2 = 1.00 x 10-11 mol/L OH- (aq) 1.00 x 10-3 mol/L Thus addition of OH- to the water: - increased OH- (aq) from 1.00 x10-7 mol/L to 1.00 x 10-3 mol/L - decreased  H3O+ (aq) from 1.00 x10-7 mol/L to 1.00 x 10-11mol/L Diagram to illustrate that the product of  H3O+(aq) OH- (aq) is a constant  H3O+

(aq)

OH- (aq)

= 10-1

10-4

10-7

10-10

10-13

= 10-13

10-10

10-7

10-4

10-1

1.

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

2.

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

Exercises:

Write the answers to the following questions in the blank spaces provided above.

1.

What is the product of  H3O+

2.

Label each situation above as to whether the aqueous solution is acidic (A), basic (B) or neutral (N).

(aq)

OH- (aq) in each situation in the above figure?

3

Chemistry

Name: ___________________________

Conclusion: In any solution of an acid or a base both H3O+ (aq) and OH- (aq) are present but their concentrations will vary (and their product, at 25oC, will always be 1.00 x 10-14 mol/L) ACID:  H3O+ In pure water,

(aq)

OH- (aq)

NEUTRAL:  H3O+

BASE: (aq)

 H3O+

(aq)

 OH- (aq)

= OH- (aq)

Examples: 1.

Find the  H3O+(aq)  in a cleaning solution that is 0.00400 mol/L KOH.

2.

Find the OH- (aq) of a solution of apple juice in which  H3O+(aq)  = 6.0 x 10-3 mol/L.

3.

A recipe for lye soap calls for 3.40g of NaOH to be dissolved in water to produce a 15.0 mL NaOH solution. Find the OH- (aq) and  H3O+(aq) 

4

Chemistry

Name: ___________________________

Exercises: Assume standard conditions of 250C and 101 kPa for all questions below. 1.

Find the H3O+(aq)  in milk of magnesia that has a OH- (aq) = 1.43 x 10-4mol/L.

2.

Find the OH- (aq) in lime juice where H3O+(aq)  = 1.3 x 10-2 mol/L

3.

Find the OH- (aq) and  H3O+(aq)  in a solution of aluminum hydroxide prepared by dissolving 2.50g of the ionic compound in water to produce a 150.0 mL solution.

5

CALCULATIONS INVOLVING STRONG ACIDS Kw Notes Blank.pdf ...

Try one of the apps below to open or edit this item. CALCULATIONS INVOLVING STRONG ACIDS Kw Notes Blank.pdf. CALCULATIONS INVOLVING STRONG ...

309KB Sizes 2 Downloads 272 Views

Recommend Documents

CALCULATIONS INVOLVING STRONG ACIDS Notes Blank.pdf ...
CALCULATIONS INVOLVING STRONG ACIDS Notes Blank.pdf. CALCULATIONS INVOLVING STRONG ACIDS Notes Blank.pdf. Open. Extract. Open with.

Calculations involving Strong Acids and Bases Kw Worksheet Blank.pdf
Page 1 of 2. Chemistry Name: 1. Calculations involving Strong Acids and Bases Worksheet. Finding H3O. +. (aq) ) from strong acid concentrations and OH(aq) from strong base. concentrations. Finding H3O. +. (aq) and OH(aq) using Kw. 1. Calculate

Strong acids and bases Notes answers.pdf
There was a problem previewing this document. Retrying... Download. Connect more apps... Try one of the apps below to open or edit this item. Strong acids ...

Kw Notes Answers.pdf
Sign in. Page. 1. /. 5. Loading… Page 1 of 5. 1. Page 1 of 5. Page 2 of 5. 2. Page 2 of 5. Page 3 of 5. 3. Page 3 of 5. Kw Notes Answers.pdf. Kw Notes Answers.pdf. Open. Extract. Open with. Sign In. Main menu. Displaying Kw Notes Answers.pdf. Page

Strong Acids Bases Worksheet Answers.pdf
Sign in. Page. 1. /. 2. Loading… Page 1 of 2. Page 1 of 2. Page 2 of 2. Page 2 of 2. Strong Acids Bases Worksheet Answers.pdf. Strong Acids Bases Worksheet ...

Strong Acids Bases Worksheet Answers.pdf
Figura 3. Cão atópico portador de dermatite. paquidermática de Malassezia. Figura 4. Vista otoscópica de mudanças hiperplásticas. iniciais dentro do canal auditivo externo. Whoops! There was a problem loading this page. Retrying... Strong Acids

Linear and strong convergence of algorithms involving ...
Jun 14, 2014 - sets is boundedly regular, then cyclic algorithms converge strongly ... (boundedly) linearly regular and averaged nonexpansive operators.

Linear and strong convergence of algorithms involving ...
Jun 14, 2014 - †Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, B.C. V1V 1V7, ...... Definition 7.12 (random map) The map r: N → I is a random map for I if ..... [27] R.T. Rockafellar, Convex Analysis, Princeton University Press, 1970.

33 Strong vs Weak Acids-S.pdf
The uses of acids range from providing essential ... ionic (like salt), or because the substance reacts with water to produce ions (as is the case with acids). The.

33 Strong vs Weak Acids-S.pdf
The uses of acids range from providing essential. nutrients for our bodies to dissolving metals. Some acids are safe to handle with our bare hands or even.

?r KW
the cover is at an angle less than 45 degrees to a ver tical plane. It is a further object of ... three open sides of the case as best illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. There is ...

?r KW
able spring means adapted to resiliently bias the cover into closed position whenever said cover is at an angle less than 45 degrees to the horizontal and to ...

Lecture notes on strong approximation M. Lifshits
interested re der with suit le 4 pproxim tion tool ox4 r ther th n to fight in the ..... important in mathematical statistics and concerns the strong approximation of.

Acids and Bases
reaction of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) shown in the equation below. When the acid loses a proton and the base provides a hydroxide ion that accepts a proton, the product is water. The sodium (Na+) and the chloride (Cl-) ions

A Duality Involving Borel Spaces
A Duality Involving Borel Spaces. Dharmanand Baboolal & Partha Pratim Ghosh. School of Mathematical Sciences. University of KwaZulu Natal. Westville Campus. Private Bag X54001. Durban 4041. South Africa. The purpose of the talk is to exhibit a dual e

KW IABS RA.pdf
Randal Allison 0672938 [email protected] (979) 777-2366. Page 1 of 1. KW IABS RA.pdf. KW IABS RA.pdf. Open. Extract. Open with. Sign In. Details. Comments.

Research-involving-children-diagram.pdf
Feb 22, 2017 - to consent for. experimental. treatment*. Page 1 of 1. Research-involving-children-diagram.pdf. Research-involving-children-diagram.pdf. Open.

Computing multiple integrals involving matrix ...
Aug 3, 2006 - Key words: multiple integrals, matrix exponential. ... the context of filtering theory, as the system noise covariance matrix of the extended ...

accelerated simulation method involving markovian ...
packet network traffic. Recent studies had led to the conclusion that the Ethernet, ATM traffic, telnet,. FTP and variable-bit-rate (VBR) video traffic can be more ...

KOSHLIAKOV KERNEL AND IDENTITIES INVOLVING ...
we obtain the following result established in [9, Equation (4.23)]. ...... functions in Ramanujan's Lost Notebook, The legacy of Alladi Ramakrishnan in the ...