For non-profit groups and not-for-personal-profit use only June 2017 -- protected under a Creative Commons license
Bystander Intervention Training Welcome Hello everybody! I’d like to welcome you today to this Bystander Intervention Training. My name is ___________ and I’m with [name of your group] I’m pleased that our co-sponsor for this event today is [name any other groups, elected officials or other well-known people who signed on -- give one sentence history of their local contributions to the community, if appropriate] I’d also like to introduce the other trainers with us today: ____________ The reason we are doing this Bystander Intervention training today is because we believe that in troubled times, we need to create a connected community. This means that we believe that the struggles of any part of our community are the struggles of all of us, and that we need to demonstrate this with our actions. We need to stand up for each other. But we also need to be responsible for doing the work on ourselves to reduce our own negative biases towards each other. The reason that biased attacks happen is because systematic biases run deep in our society. Understanding and dismantling how this functions is critical to our work. We also need to understand that politically, we should all be working towards outcomes that improve the lives of everyone. All of us should commit to working with some part of the Movement, whether it’s by volunteering in the community, by lobbying our elected officials, by going to activist meetings, or even by engaging in nonviolent direct action (such as a sit-in). You may not have previously thought of yourself as an activist. But we hope that by taking action today as an active bystander who steps in when the civil liberties of a fellow community member are being threatened, you will start to understand that their well-being is also a political issue. In response to the rhetoric and policies coming out of Washington, DC, our ability to work together politically as the Resistance will be critical in the survival of our communities. Now we want to tell you a little bit about the work of [name of your group]..... [Tell people about any other meetings or events that you or allies have coming up.] Tell people where the water fountain and bathrooms are (and if there is a gender neutral one available) -- Tell them they can step out at any time if they need to. Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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The Training In today’s training, we’ll first spend half an hour doing an orientation to the history and philosophy of nonviolence and bystander intervention. Then we’ll spend the remaining time actively working through the mock scenarios in small groups. After we do each one, we’ll ask for the small groups to provide feedback to the entire group, so we can learn from each other’s experience about what works well. That way, by the end of this training, you will understand the background and principles of de-escalation, you will have actively improved your skills, and you will have the courage to step into a variety of difficult situations as a bystander. To begin, I want to ask a question: • How many people are familiar with the concept of “bearing witness”? • Would one of you like to share with us what that is? Bearing witness means that if we are aware of an injustice, there is a responsibility on us to do what we can to reduce that injustice. What brought all of us together here today is the belief that we have an obligation to stick up for each other -- that we are our sister’s keeper, our brother’s keeper. In the past few years, and especially during and after the election, we have seen a terrible increase in the amount of hate crime and harassment in our country. These include incidents of hateful vandalism and graffiti at places of worship, schools and private homes, as well as community members being targeted in person while out in public. As we know, these incidents are often motivated by negative bias on the basis of religion, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation and gender -- anything that allows for people to be pushed aside as “other”.
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Of course, many of these incidents may go unreported in the media. • How many people have heard about or witnessed other incidents? • Who has an example they’d like to share -- briefly? (Ask each person if anyone intervened in the incident -- if they did, lead applause) (Manage any emotional crisis from a personal example, ask the person’s name, empathize with how difficult it must have been, suggest those nearby offer support as a teachable moment of reaching out to others by breaking through the barriers that keep us from helping those in need (introduce yourself, offer your hand, say soothing things))
What we want to do with this training is to give you the confidence to be that person who steps up to stop a bad situation from getting worse. We’re going to do that by reminding you that you *already* have many of the principles and many of the skills that you need to do this! What you might not have yet is the practice in putting it all together so that you’ll be able to respond quickly when needed. This is important because when just a single person acts, it can break the dynamic of a bad situation! Bystander Intervention is based in the principles of nonviolence, like those used by Martin Luther King and Gandhi. Dr. King laid out six principles: (If you handed out the sheet with this in it, have volunteers read them) 1. Nonviolence is a way of life for courageous people. 2. Nonviolence seeks to win friendship and understanding. 3. Nonviolence seeks to defeat injustice not people. 4. Nonviolence holds that suffering can educate and transform. (Note this one is more applicable to Dr. King’s nonviolent direct actions) 5. Nonviolence chooses love instead of hate. 6. Nonviolence believes that the universe is on the side of justice.
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When you engage in nonviolent activism, you are part of a long line of activists who have done the same thing across history. • What are some examples of this? (Take hands, but here are examples:) -- suffragettes in the UK and US -- the Gandhian actions in India -- the Civil Rights Movement -- sit-in strikes by unionists -- anti-nuclear demonstrations -- anti-apartheid civil disobedience -- ACT-UP direct actions Nonviolence is the most courageous way to respond -- it’s easy to lash out, but it is very difficult to hold your emotions and act from a principled place. You may not yet be in a place where you feel you can do this, but this training will help. Bystander Intervention Training assumes that: (If you handed out the sheet with this in it, have volunteers read them) 1. We have an ethical, social and political obligation to help each other, when we are in a position (situationally and psychologically) to do so 2. Stepping up to act in solidarity with others can help to reduce the impact of a problematic situation 3. The best way of responding as a bystander is through de-escalation 4. As a bystander, you are there to support what the targeted person wants 5. Practicing how to respond helps us to get past our hesitations so we can step up when necessary The principles of nonviolence and de-escalation are the fundamentals of Bystander Intervention. All of us have been in difficult circumstances that could have take a very bad turn for the worse if it weren’t for someone stepping in and de-escalating. • What are some examples of successful de-escalation that you’ve seen at home, work or in the community? (Take a few hands) In general, our training today will emphasize ways of responding in public where you do NOT engage with the attacker. This may be difficult, because for many of us, our natural inclination is to try to go to the source of the trouble and make it stop. Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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In fact, it is likely that you will find that even among people in your own group or social circle, there will be some who are not committed to de-escalation. Instead, they may feel it’s important to get in the face of the attacker, and to not let an insult or action pass without calling the attacker out. Many of us have these instincts, because it can feel like the right thing to do. But this is not what we will be teaching today. We are not passing judgment on those who want to stand their ground when they have been targeted. But as a strategy, we believe that bystander intervention should be based on seeking rapid solutions that bring an incident to a close peacefully and quickly, rather than risking escalating a situation when dealing with people you don’t know. One thing this training will NOT do is teach you how to deal with situations of immediate danger. If you encounter a person who is threatening harm to you or another person, it is important that you do what you can to leave the situation as fast as possible and to encourage others to do so as well. Being a bystander who intervenes means you are weighing the risks of stepping up in a particular situation. We want you to be brave enough to stand up for a fellow community member, but we also don’t want anyone to get hurt by doing so. Should You Call the Police? In general, we advise people not to immediately call the police unless a situation has become physically violent. This is because there are many people who see the presence of police as a risk of escalation in and of itself. This can be because they are undocumented and fear arrest, or because their community experience with the police has been disrespectful or dangerous. We recognize that there is often a strong element of privilege on the basis of race or class involved in feeling free to call the police into a situation. But as a bystander, remember: we are there to support the targeted person. That means that the targeted person gets to have the say about whether the police are called. ASK that person if you are thinking that police intervention could be useful -- and then follow that person’s lead. Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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Practicing How to Get Video Really Quickly Before we get to the scenarios, I want us to first practice using the video function on our cellphones. So, if you have one, please pull it out now and take it out of sleep mode. For iPhones, you can get to the photo function just by swiping left, without putting in your password. For other phones, you can often swipe upwards. Now locate your video function and practice pulling it up. Then press the button and record something. REMEMBER TO RECORD WITH THE PHONE SIDEWAYS. You will capture more of the scene that way -- and it is the same size and orientation as a television, in case your video is ever broadcast. When you are recording, keep your phone as stable as possible. If you need to scan the scene, do it as slowly as is appropriate, even if you are tracking action. Sometimes recording the scene can bring a bad situation to a rapid end. But you can also risk escalating the situation if the attacker doesn’t want evidence of their behavior. Be prepared to monitor the situation continually and put your phone away if it begins to feel dangerous. You can also lower the phone so you are not obviously filming, or at least leave the audio function rolling. While it is legal in all states to capture images of people in public, in many states it is ILLEGAL to record someone speaking in public without their express permission. So you should be aware of what the laws are in your state. (Note: you may wish to check on the laws in your state before the training.) What If the Bad Situation Involves Police Misconduct? (Note: ACLU made the app to report police, not community, misconduct) It is always legal to record the actions of the police as long as you are not interfering with those actions. This is not a know-your-rights training, so we won’t be getting into details, but the police cannot legally ask you to stop recording, to delete your recording, or to hand over your phone. We want you encourage you to download the ACLU’s Mobile Justice app. (Note: this is currently only available in 18 states, so check your area) (Open the app on your phone and show what it looks like). This app allows you to take a video and immediately send it to the ACLU, especially if it looks like someone is going to try to take your phone. (Show the big red button.) The information for how to get the ACLU app is on the sheet we gave you. Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) 6 https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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How to Be Ready to Be a Bystander Who Intervenes (Bring this information on a sheet and have people read them) We want you to develop a new identity in public -- as someone who will step in when there is something bad developing or happening. To do this: -- Be aware of what’s happening around you when you’re in public -- If you see something happening, really pay attention: take off your headphones, pause your conversation, position yourself to get a better view. -- Don’t assume someone else will do something (that’s called the “bystander effect”, or more scientifically, “responsibility diffusion”). -- Point out the situation to people around you. Tell them you’re going to support the targeted person and ask if they’d like to help. -- When you first approach the targeted person, introduce yourself and quietly explain you saw what was happening and wanted to offer support. If the person says they are fine and don’t want support, move back, but monitor the situation. How to Think About the Targeted Person Note that in this training, we are not calling the targeted person “the victim” -- we do this so the person retains the ability to be the one who decides how they will respond and how you should respond. Our goal is to empower the targeted person. Empowering means that a person feels they can alter the course of the situation and take some back some control. Orientation to Approaching a Bystander Scenario (hold up cartoon) Many of you have probably seen this cartoon in purple ink that went viral on FB awhile back that showed how you might help a woman with a hijab who was being targeted on public transportation. Maeril, the French cartoonist, cautioned those who want to help to do two things: 1) Do not, in any way, interact with the attacker. You must absolutely ignore them and focus entirely on the person being attacked! 2) Make sure to always respect the wishes of the person you’re helping! Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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Principles of Bystander Intervention -- have people read these aloud We recognize that we are dealing with an unfamiliar situation with people we don’t know. This means that direct confrontation of an attacker by us as bystanders is not the best way to respond. We want to show moral courage: -- by acting from a centered place despite our fears -- by choosing principles over emotion (anxiety, anger, self-righteousness) We want to engage in de-escalation: -- by limiting the ability of a situation to become more intense -- by reducing the drama in the situation We want to shift the attention in the situation: -- by interacting as much as we can only with the targeted person -- by ignoring the attacker (freeze them out, even if they escalate verbally) -- by creating a safer space for the targeted person -- by bringing in other people for additional support and varied responses We want to reach out to the targeted person: -- by being present as an ally and an equal -- by not taking away the ability of the targeted person to respond -- by asking if they want our help -- by asking before we touch them -- by asking how we can best help them -- by offering possible solutions (that the targeted person may reject) -- by offering emotional support and empathy (befriending/connect) Each of these principles will be used in our training in response to a variety of scenarios. REMEMBER: you are there in solidarity, not as a savior! Don’t worry that you won’t remember exactly the right thing to do -- think of this as improv around the principles we laid out. That way you will be adaptable to a situation no matter how it changes. But you should think about whether you are actually ready to step into a dynamic situation that involves strong emotions where things can change quickly. We hope this training will prepare you for some scenarios, but it can’t prepare you for everything you might encounter. Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) 8 https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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Now we’re going to do our first scenario. I’ll have my trainers come up to show us two ways it can go -- badly, and then much better! Man harassing a woman with a hijab on public transportation Trainers first show how things can escalate if the bystander starts to interact with the attacker, which will end badly for the targeted person. Debrief with each person about how they feel when it went out of control (attacker feels deflated, targeted person feels supported, bystander feels more secure responding). Then the trainers will model the first example below of how to respond appropriately -- by focusing only on the woman, offering her support, breaking the line of sight with the attacker and ignoring the attacker -- then debrief with them. Point out especially that attention is a valuable thing and when an attacker doesn’t get it, that person can often feel the wind go out of their sails -- or they may try to escalate. In either case, we will continue to ignore the attacker unless s/he becomes physical. Our role is to not get sucked into ever giving attention to the attacker on behalf of the person being targeted. It’s like having to go full Zen in the situation and always be thinking how to de-escalate even if you’re wanting to do just the opposite “in the name of justice”. Ignoring someone who is angry can be a very difficult thing to do, especially in a political context when you might want to defend your principles. People often ask, “What if the attacker sees my intervention as provocation?” Well, the concept of “provocation” can be a cover in some ways, because an attacker is often going to use ANY response by anybody as an excuse to escalate. And it’s often better to be supportive of the targeted person, and to not let the attacker get to you psychologically, than to let another person go through that terrible situation all alone. To practice non-engagement, we’re now going to do a classic nonviolence training scenario (often called a “hassle line”). This is exactly what civil rights activists were trained to do before they went to do an action. By doing this, you learn to not respond to someone, no matter how nasty their comments. Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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Hassle Line So now I want you to form two parallel lines, where you are paired off opposite another person. Everyone on this side of the line is going to be the attacker and everyone on the other side is going to be the bystander (then we’ll switch). It can be really hard to be an attacker, so we’ll give you a specific role. If you’re in the attacker role, we want you to imagine that you are someone who supports the outcome of the election -- and is yelling at someone who did not support the outcome. Something along the lines of, “Get over it! You lost!”, “You want to ruin our country!” or “Your ideas are ridiculous!” If you are the person in the bystander role, I want you to imagine these words are just wind blowing past you. You are not going to engage with what that person is saying or with the angry energy coming your way. This is difficult to do because it’s HARD to maintain composure and nonengagement! But I want you to give me your best centered Yoda, where no matter what happens, you’re not going to let it get to you. You’re going to let those nasty comments roll right off of you, no matter how the words escalate. The attacker is trying to get you to respond, but you have decided that you are centered and are not going to give them an opening. You’re not in a discussion or a debate or a negotiation with them -- they have no impact on you. That being said, the most important aspect of a scenario like this is personal safety, not some political principle. If you don’t feel safe, do not stay and definitely do not try to stand your ground politically -- just get out of there, and ask if the targeted person wants to come with you. Here are some ways of acting when the attacker is getting into it with you: ● Don’t make eye contact. Look beyond the attacker as if you were supporting the targeted person. (You can even turn your back.) ● Don’t engage with their words. You want to monitor what they’re saying, but imagine you are busy saying supportive things to the targeted person. ● Resist the urge to engage with the drama. Keep reminding yourself you are there to de-escalate on behalf of the targeted person, not to get drawn into the attacker’s scenario. Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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-- Set up the hassle line -- choose one side to be the attacker side and then start the hassle line exercise -- let it go on for only 30 seconds or so. Now we’re going to switch roles, so the other person gets to be the yeller. If you are the person being attacked, it’s your turn to just let it all roll off of you. -- Repeat, and only let this go on for 30 seconds. • When you were the person being attacked, what worked well for you in terms of not letting it bother you? (take a few short suggestions) • When you were the attacker, what did you learn that might be useful about the way an attacker’s mind might be working during the attack -- especially when you were being ignored and not getting a rise out of the other person? (take a few hands) SCENARIOS Let’s break into small groups now -- and introduce yourselves! (Direct where groups should assemble in the room.) In each of these scenarios, we’re going to give you a situation and then suggest some ways you can respond to support the targeted person. These are just starting points based on the principles -- so see what your group comes up with and we’ll share after each one. In the scenario, we’re going to use the numbers on your name tags to identify roles -- 1 will be the attacker, 2 will be the target and 3 will be the bystander. Then you will act out the scenario, adding your own flare on the roles to make it authentic. For the next scenario, numbers 4-6 will take on those roles. Then even numbers (2, 4, 6), then odd numbers (1, 3, 5) or whatever works for you. Just make sure that each person gets to be the bystander at least once. You can also try only choosing the person who will be the attacker -- and that person will then choose their target without anyone’s prior knowledge! Then the rest of you can respond as bystanders to that scenario runs more naturally.
Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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One thing we’ve noticed is that it is often difficult for people to want to play the attacker role because it’s not who you are. But I’d like you to imagine that you are taking on a role in a play -- everyone will understand it’s not really you, but that you are conveying that character really well. Note however: THIS IS A SAFE SPACE. Do NOT use offensive terms in roleplaying. Do NOT touch anyone -- whether as an attacker, targeted person or bystander. Ask if anyone in the group may be especially sensitive to the scenario before proceeding. We want everyone to leave uplifted, not deflated or hurt. As you do the scenarios we’ll stop by and check in on the groups to see how it’s going. Afterwards, we’ll take a few suggestions about what worked well in each group for that scenario. Community-Based Scenarios (describe scene and possible interventions) Man harassing a woman with a hijab on public transportation * Approach the target (ask if you can join them) and ignore the attacker. * Recruit other people -- ask if the target would like to move somewhere else with you (and make sure you sit on an aisle if possible to make space between the attacker and target), saying something like (loudly), “My friend and I are going to move down here, is there anyone else who would like to join us in polite conversation?” This may create a physical barrier of many other people between the attacker and the target. Attacks on the street (from a moving car or from a pedestrian) -- Yelling at an African-American person, slowing down to stalk them, throwing objects at them * You’re walking on the street and see this -- Practice approaching the target and offering to walk with them -- if you’re in a group, ask if you can create a human barrier between the attacker and the targeted person. * Turn around and walk in the other direction from the car. Take a photo of the license plate and make/model of the car to help if there is a report made. Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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Person harassing a Latino man speaking Spanish with a store clerk * Approach the target (especially if you speak Spanish) and ignore the attacker (and anyone else who piles on). Don’t worry about losing your place in line! * Find the manager and ask that the attacker be made to leave. Trans woman stopped while heading into a bathroom at a restaurant * Approach the target, offer to go with her into the bathroom, ignore attacker. * Approach target, offer to stand outside bathroom while she’s in there, continue to ignore attacker. Woman at a bar (or social situation) being pressured or maneuvered for sex * Ask woman if you can join her, ignore attacker * Round up a number of women and have them all go over to ask the woman to come join them for awhile. Lesbian couple with kids yelled at for being “unfit parents” * Approach the family and complement them for something, or empathize about difficulties in raising kids -- introduce your kids to their kids * Smile at other bystanders to encourage further active support -- ignore attacker Local place of worship is defaced (this isn’t acted out, but do mention it and ask how people would respond -- here are some suggestions) * Bring homemade banners of support, chalk loving messages on sidewalk, show up for services (even if it’s not your religion) to make community connections * Contact local politicians to show support and to insist that the attackers be found and brought to justice Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) 13 https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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Activist Demonstration Scenarios -- remember to buddy up for safety! Activist Being Harassed for Sign at a Demonstration * Stand next to the person in solidarity, ignore the attacker. Women activists cat-called by opposition * Surround the women, facing inward towards them. * Approach them if they are isolated, start talking and ignore attacker Activist in wheelchair or with neurological disorder who is mocked * Surround them, facing towards the activists * Approach them if they are isolated, start talking and ignore attacker Man blocks exit for person carrying political sign public transportation * Politely but firmly ask the man to move. If he refuses, then ask the target if she would like to come with you to the next exit down the car. Remember that this is not about confrontation -- it’s about de-escalation while you get what you need. Man Pulls a Gun and Threatens the Crowd = EMERGENCY (Make sure you read this example during the training) We cannot train you for this. We only can strongly encourage you NOT to engage with the gunman (either to attempt to de-escalate or to confront him). Leave the area as quickly as possible, with as many people as possible.
Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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Witnessing civil disobedience -- While standing on the side of a political action, you witness activists sit down together in an act of civil disobedience. The police arrive and as they start to arrest the protesters, they start to use excessive force. You do not want to interfere with an official police action, but you can: * Video the harsh treatment and document the identities of the police behaving inappropriately. Send video to the ACLU. Since this was a public action, you can post the video without asking permission of the activists first. Call for medical help if appropriate. Media Starts Filming an Incident of Harassment * Do not interfere with media -- they are doing their job and are documenting that these sorts of incidents occur * Follow through on how you’ve practiced responding with the target and recruit others to do so as well. Ask the person if they would like their identity hidden (which can be done with signs or scarves) Political Oppression The Trump Administration follows through with their promise to register Muslims -- or insists that electronic tracking of all Internet communication should be set up -- or cracks down on our First Amendment rights. What do you do?! Remember: You are the bystander until you become the activist! [You can explain how your group will be responding locally to political oppression at the local, state or national level. [Make sure everyone who came has their name and email address on a sign-up sheet -- and send them a follow-up email after the training is over to encourage them to stay involved. Also ask in this email if they are in groups who would want a training, or a training for trainers.]
Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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CLOSING If there’s still time left, ask for people to give one word to summarize how they feel about the training. You can ask for hands, or go around, depending on how much time you have. Ask for a pay-it-forward donation (if people can do it) to support paying for training space for the next group, or for the work of your organization. Take a group photo! Having people throw their hands up in the air with enthusiasm looks a lot more engaging than a staid picture with their hands folded in front of them. Encourage people to continue thinking about the reasons why they might hesitate to intervene, and to think about the reasons they want to anyway. Encourage people to become activists! Remind people before closing about other trainings or meetings that are coming up. Ask people to sign up on your mailing list, if they haven’t already. Tell people that if they are interested in doing a Training of Trainers, you will take their contact information in case you arrange one in the future. CLOSE and thank people for coming, ask for feedback, if they want to stay behind.
Montgomery County Civil Rights Coalition (Maryland) https://mococivilrights.wordpress.com and www.facebook.com/mococivilrights
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