Genetic Improvement of EAHBs for Multiple Resistance to Pests and Diseases, and Consumer Acceptability National Agricultural Research Organization, Uganda Robooni Tumuhimbise, PhD MusaNet ESA Regional Workshop Mbarara, Uganda, 12-16 December 2016
Introduction Banana is an important food and income generating crop in Uganda Ranks first- area under production & consumption per capita Low average yield ~ 9.0 t/ha cf potential yield over 60 t/ha Short plantation lifespan: 3-5 yrs. from 50 yrs.
Critical factors responsible
Declining soil fertility
Poor agronomic practices
Inferior banana varieties
Pests and diseases - Weevils, - Nematodes, - Black Sigatoka
Weevils
Nematodes
Banana breeding objectives o
High bunch yield
o
Resistance to B.Sigatoka, weevils & nematodes
o
Fruits quality
o
Short plants (height)
o
Nutritional quality (pVABio-fortification)
o
Drought tolerance ***
Breeding strategy Generation 0
3xº
x
(EAHB-AAA) Generation 1 (Primary hybrids) Generation 2
(Secondary triploids)
2xº (Calcutta 4)
4x¹ x 2x
3x¹¹
(improved diploid)
Evaluation and selection process Over 10 years to release National Release
ON FARM TRIALS
12 hybrids PRELIMINARY YIELD TRIALS
27 hybrids EARLY EVALUATION TRIALS
Over 1600 genotypes SEEDS GENERATED YEARLY
50,000-80,000
5
4
3 2
1
Progress Varieties released: Kabana 6H, ear 2010 & Kabana 7H, Year 2011 Kabana 7H
Kabana 6H
• • • • •
High bunch yield (70kg) Resistant to Black Sigatoka Tolerant to: weevils, nematodes long plantation life Food acceptability= 75%
• • • • •
Bunch yield (45 kg) Resistant to BS Tolerant weevils, Tolerant to nematodes Food acceptability= 70%
Candidate banana hybrids for release M25
M19
M20
-High bunch yield (23-50kg)
-High bunch yield (27-65kg)
-High bunch yield (26-70 kg)
-Resistant to black Sigatoka
-Resistant to Black Sigatoka
-Resistant to Black Sigatoka
-Tolerant to weevils
-Tolerant to weevils,
-Tolerant to weevils
-Tolerant to nematodes
-Tolerant to nematodes
-Tolerant to nematodes
-Food acceptability >75%
-Food acceptability >75%
-Food acceptability >75%
Candidate banana hybrids for release M29
M27
M28
-High bunch yield (25-75kg)
-High bunch yield (21-40kg)
-High bunch yield (21-40kg)
-Resistant to black Sigatoka
-Resistant to black Sigatoka
-Resistant to black Sigatoka
-Tolerant to weevils
-Tolerant to weevils
-Tolerant to weevils
-Tolerant to nematodes
-Tolerant to nematodes
-Tolerant to nematodes
-Food acceptability >75%
-Food acceptability >75%
-Food acceptability >75%
Candidate banana hybrids for release
NABIO 306
Yield = 32.7 kg -Resistant to black Sigatoka -Resistant to weevils -Resistant to nematodes -Food acceptability = 84%
NABIO 1011
-Yield = 34.7 kg -Resistant to black Sigatoka -Resistant to weevils -Resistant to nematodes -Food acceptability = 85%
NABIO 1009
-Yield = 34.8 kg -Resistant to black Sigatoka -Resistant to weevils -Resistant to nematodes -Food acceptability =85 %
NABIO 808
- Yield = 31.4 kg - Resistant to B. Sigatoka - Resistant to weevils - Resistant to nematodes -Food acceptability = 87%
Preliminary yield trial #6 (18 hybrids) Mulitilocation PYTs; Established in 2015; RCBD;
Replicated x 4
9019K, 252K, 6360K, 247K, 203K, 236K, 13250K-1, 12658K-1, 273K, 20K, 286K, 307K, 282K-10, 201069K, 254K, 10072K-15, 258K, 6360K
Preliminary yield trial #7 (9 hybrids)
10054K-1, 10072K-10, 8037K-22, 6880K-2, 9058k-2, 8053K-3, 7069K-1, 8067K-2 , 8037K-17
Early evaluation trials #4 Over 1600 genotypes under evaluation
Complimentary Banana Improvement Strategy Integration of molecular and conventional plant breeding approaches
Introgression of genes of target and emerging constraints using classical and molecular techniques Host resistance and fruit quality improvement
Progress
PVA enhanced banana variety-M9
Weevil & Nematode resistant Gonja
Weevil & Nematode resistant Nakitembe
Challenges Low seed set
Infertility of bananas Low genetic variability Lack biotechnology policy
Opportunities
Government priority crop Will & support of farmer Demand for new banana varieties Well trained staff Strong collaborators. Source of desired genes/germplasm
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