Black Locust Permeable Pavers Black Locust Lumber USA Alec Entress + Natalie Scanlan

BIOLOGY

Photo by Black Locust Lumber USA

Biology- Habitat •

Native to the Appalachian Mountain Range

•

Found on Sandy or rocky soil

•

Thrives in open areas, woods, and floodplains

Biology- Physical • Leaves: Blue/green, pinnately compound Leaves 6-12" long • Bark: Dark brown with deep furrows with spines on twigs near the leaves • Flowers: Small cluster of droopy, pea-like white flowers. The bloom in late spring and are highly fragrant. • Fruiting Body: Dark brown legumes attached to the tree throughout winter. Each legume contains up to 14 seeds

Photo by Black Locust Lumber USA

Environmental Aspects: The Tree • Leguminous

Species: Nitrogen fixing species Transforms atmospheric nitrogen into fixed nitrogen for plants to use

• Quickly

Renewable: Fast growing tree species- can be harvested in 25-30 years Reproduces both sexually (seeds) and asexually (cloning) Photo by Black Locust Lumber USA

Environmental Aspects- The Wood • Domestic

Hardwood  Native to the Appalachian Mountains

• Natural

Characteristics  Rot Resistant, exceeding 50-years with no treatment  Water Resistant  Anti-fungal properties  Fluorescence Photo by Black Locust Lumber USA

Permeable Pavers

permeable pavers allow for a walkable surface, while allowing movement of storm water to percolate down to the groundwater

• Common

Materials:  Composite  Concrete  Bricks  Joints (Gaps):  Peat Gravel  Sand  Moss/Plant matter

General Information

• All

•

CARBON POSITIVE

•

Materials:  Black Locust 3.5"x 3.5" cubes  Wire mesh sheet  1” Iron Screws

•

Joints:  3/8" joints for ADA compliance  infiltration rates exceeding 123 in/hr. dependent upon joint filler specified.

Photo by Black Locust Lumber USA

Black Locust Permeable Pavers

Percolation Rates and Engineering SUBSTRATE •

Site needs to be surveyed by a site/soil engineer to determine: •

•

Average rainfall (water amount to be infiltrated)

•

Local Soil type and coarseness

•

Appropriate bedding aggregate for subsurface

An approved ASTM bedding aggregate for an even and permeable sub-surface is under direction of soil engineer.

JOINT FILLER •

Engineers design and recommend proper joint filler mix based upon site survey.

•

Design to create voids to allow water to pass through and percolate into the substrate

•

Compaction rates determined by site engineer to avoid compaction, sinking, etc. which is required for all paver installations.

Dependent on Environmental Conditions and use of space!

Environmental Benefits

Photo by Black Locust Lumber USA

Water •

Storm water Runoff:  Reduces flooding  Reduces load of CSO (Combined Sewer Overflow)  Reduces Water Pollution

•

Freezing:  Reduces Refreezing in winter months

•

Landscaping:  Ground water replenishment

•

Slip Resistance:

Black Locust does not have a waxy or oily surface like other tropical, rot-resistant hardwoods. When wet, Black Locust will retain its traction

Heat Island Effect •

The difference in temperature between a developed and undeveloped area

•

Black Locust Permeable Pavers reduce the amount of heat absorbed by the material and albedo (the amount of light reflected back into the atmosphere)

•

Adding plants in the joints can further reduce the heat absorbed by the pavement

•

Lifetime (50+ years) saving worth of reduced cooling costs and CO2 emissions

Green Building Standards •

Living Building Challenge: International Living Future Institute  Materials Petal  Water Petal

•

LEED  MR.C7- Certified Wood (FSC)  MR.C5.1 & MR.C5.2- Regional Materials: 1020% Extracted, Processed, & Manufactured  SS.C6.1 & SS.C6.2- Storm water Design-Quality Control  WE.C1.1- Water Efficient Landscaping- Reduce by 50%  SS.C7.1- Heat Island Effect (Non-roof) Photo by Black Locust Lumber USA

Maintenance

•

Black Locust is a no-maintenance wood

•

No additional staining or sealing after installation

•

Naturally develops silvery patina

•

Void fill will accumulate small particles over time

•

Regular sweeping will help maintain permeability

•

Lifetime of 50+ years with ground contact

THE END

Photo by Black Locust Lumber USA

Credits https://www.google.com/search?q=egg+frying+on+a+sidewalk&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved =0CAcQ_AUoAWoVChMIru_Jh9CuyAIVCKKICh0GYwEP&biw=1366&bih=667#imgrc=6XRHaPbJ02KKtM% 3A https://www.google.com/search?q=egg+frying+on+a+sidewalk&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved =0CAcQ_AUoAWoVChMIru_Jh9CuyAIVCKKICh0GYwEP&biw=1366&bih=667#tbm=isch&q=sun+shine&im grc=wIgkHlF-G9-vNM%3A https://www.google.com/search?q=egg+frying+on+a+sidewalk&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved =0CAcQ_AUoAWoVChMIru_Jh9CuyAIVCKKICh0GYwEP&biw=1366&bih=667#tbm=isch&q=tools&imgrc=J BnZJ8IZ9_zJ2M%3A https://www.google.com/search?q=egg+frying+on+a+sidewalk&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved =0CAcQ_AUoAWoVChMIru_Jh9CuyAIVCKKICh0GYwEP&biw=1366&bih=667#tbm=isch&q=LEED&imgrc= 4bA7_ShqVzSkEM%3A https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqF QoTCMbp4LVrsgCFdKWiAodKNcHuA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobinia_pseudo acacia&psig=AFQjCNGtmsHKC6heUbkya8o0UzkNfCynYQ&ust=1444249225655930

Black Locust Permeable Pavers Handout.pdf

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