USO0RE42259E
(19) United States (12) Reissued Patent
(10) Patent Number:
Campbell et al. (54)
(76)
(45) Date of Reissued Patent:
Mar. 29, 2011
BIOLOGICALLY-DOMINATED ARTIFICIAL
4,856,935 A
*
8/1989 Haras ........................ .. 405/35
REEF
4,993,362 A
*
2/1991
5,071,285 A
* 12/1991
Inventors: Matthew D_ CamPbell’AuStin, TX
5,122,015 A *
(Us); Steven G- Hall’ Baton Rouge’ LA (US) RobertL Beine Lancaster KY ’
'
’
5,269,254 A 5’536’ll2 A
’
5,803,660 A
Filed:
NOV. 26, 2008
Melby et al.
9/1998 Warren etal. ............... .. 405/25
10/2002 Moore
3/2004 Hall
6,824,327 B1
11/2004 Walter
6,896,445 B1
7 ,144,196 Dec. 5, 2006
Issued: Appl. No.: Filed:
405/25
6,712,024 B1 7,144,196 B1 2003/0094141 A1
Related US. Patent Documents
Reissue of: (64) Patent No.:
119/221
6/1992 Shen- ........................ .. 405/284
4/1997
*
6,464,429 B2
(21) APPLNQ; 12323536
Jimbo ..... ..
Van Doren ..
12/1993 Gaghano et al. 7/1996 Oenel’ H
5,620,280 A
(Us)
(22)
US RE42,259 E
5/2005 Engler 12/2006 Campbell et al. 5/2003 Davis
OTHER PUBLICATIONS Campbell, M et al., “Analysis and evaluation of Bioengin nered Submerged Breakwater”, (published thesis) on ?le With the Lousisiana State University Library, Dec. 2004.
11/321,874 Dec. 28, 2005
US. Applications:
* cited by examiner
(60)
Primary ExamineriFrederick L Lagman (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiThomas & Karceski, RC.
Provisional application No. 60/737,145, ?led on Nov. 15, 2005.
(51)
Int. Cl. E02B 3/04 A01K 61/00
(57)
(2006.01) (2006.01)
ABSTRACT
An apparatus and method of reducing the effects of hydrody namic forces of Waves and Water currents in coastal environ
(52)
US. Cl. ............................ .. 405/30; 405/21; 405/25;
405/22, 23, 25, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35; 119/221,
ments (e.g., oceans, and coastal, river, lake, and reservoir banks). The apparatus is an oysterbreak having tWo basic designs adapted to alloW for the attachment of oysters and other bio-fouling marine organisms, using the least amount
1 19/234, 238
of material. In one embodiment, the oysterbreak comprises a
119/221;119/234;119/238 (58)
Field of Classi?cation Search .................. .. 405/21,
See application ?le for complete search history.
support structure and plurality of slats (i.e., relatively planar sections or surfaces) having groWth layers made from tubing
References Cited
coated With a material capable of inducing aquatic sessile organism attachment and growth. In another embodiment, the oysterbreak comprises a plurality (e.g., tWo, three, four,
(56)
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
?ve, six, etc.) of groWth layers of regular polygonal-shaped 2,474,786 A 2,514,119 A
* *
6/1949 7/1950
Humphrey ................. .. 405/30 Boccia ...... .. 405/21
3,176,468 A
*
4/1965 Nagaiet al. ..
405/29
3,309,876 A
*
3/1967
Potter ........ ..
405/35
4,083,190 A 4,840,516 A
* *
4/1978 6/1989
Pey .... .. 405/33 Rambo ...................... .. 405/33
12
members made from a material capable of inducing aquatic sessile organism attachment and groWth that When stacked, form a relatively portable, breakwater module.
37 Claims, 24 Drawing Sheets
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 1 0f 24
Fig. 1
US RE42,259 E
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 2 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
15
14 18 16
13
17
Fig. 2A
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Sheet 3 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
15
Fig. 2B
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Sheet 4 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
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Sheet 5 0f 24
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20
28 24
30
26 30
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Sheet 6 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
Water current velocity (cm/s)
(DO
I
I
I’
l
I
T
1
0.6
00 O NO
Dfb(iosrtcanmoe)
O) O .6
0.2
0.4 .5 O
20-
1 0 >'
30
0.2
/J
40
L
50
"
l
J
41 /
l
1
|
60
70
8O
90
100
110
Distance from wall (cm)
Fig. 4
‘d
120
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 7 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
Oyster spat counts per cm on coated PVC
90
0 8 \/ 0 ~ 0.8 N . 0 8
ABSo n8t?ow:3
fix
4763251 0oO
rVP
A4
40
50
o W
In 8M
90
)
m
1 00
1 0
20
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 8 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
Oyster spat counts per cm on French tubes
90 80
70~
05Bc2oh8s3o6nw
00 w
4365
30
40
50
6O
70
80
90
Distance from wall (cm)
Fig. 6
100
110
120
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 9 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
1800 W
0.01
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
Wave Height (m)
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
US. Patent
Frequncy
3000
"
2500
"
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 10 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
“
1
NA 8o 0con
1000 ‘T 500
"
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
Wave Period (seconds)
Fig. 8
7.5
8.5
9.5
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 11 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 12 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
Scale (Meters) 0
1
2
Fig. 10
a
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 13 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
0.41
I
/
l
o
46
\
Scab: (Meters) 1
2
\
\ 3
44 52
40
Fig. 11
42
48
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 14 0f 24
Fig. 12A
Fig. 128
Fig. 120
Tim. (m)
Fig. 12
US RE42,259 E
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
810,
Fig. 13A
F
+ 921151310618
5”‘L
g ’
50
510,
5 =~ § 0 8
a
1
0
'5
Fig. 130
US RE42,259 E
‘5 o S
Fig. 138
Sheet 15 0f 24
.
,,,, 1.
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 16 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
The effects of growth on wave transmissiom Wave Type 1 ---~-- 2.63 slats/meter
—e- 6.58 slats/meter —+- 9.21 slats/meter #
-B— 14.5 slats/meter
c8om2w0E? k
m m w w lw 6.0 v.1 E A» 1 m M
W m
M “X 5
1
m wm m O1W. -
go
W 4%1
.m
.m 1 0.. MFm
O
4
0.015
m
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 17 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
The effects of growth on wave transmission: Wave Type 2 ~-'— 2.63 slats/meter
—6— 6.58 slatslmeier 0.95-
--+-- 9.21 slats/meter -
—a— 14.5 slats/meter ,_,
0.9-
0
§
Breakwater
..
c?“
0.85‘
—
:5
0.8'
-
a
0.15-
_
8 c:
[-1
Ahrcn's predicted value
\*
0.7 -
'
0.65 '
"
0'60
0.005 0.01 Average Radius as Growth Occurs
Fig. 15
0.015
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 18 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
The effects of growth on wave re?ection
0.2
-~—— 2.63 slats/meter
—e— 6.58 slatslmeter -+- 9.21 slatslmeter
-e~ 14.5 slalslmeter
Breakwater
g8r2o0Fm3ed
oOw. m .9... m. u. m...o _1
0 I! r n I >
0.51
0.005
Average Radius as Growth Occurs (m)
Fig. 16
0.015
US. Patent
Mar. 29, 2011
Sheet 19 0f 24
US RE42,259 E
The effects of growth on wave re?ection: Wave Type 2
0. o. M 0. oonu0
uEomw u
m u w b. .r. h. .r no
rhrulrw _-iJ4—
w -
1mm1 mw
mm.
5mF I‘ a
. G
7 w 4| w.
1 % 2691'mum“ mm
