Activity 19

Title: Creating New Materials

Background: Chemical Reactions •occur during every day activities like cooking, cleaning and bleaching laundry •can’t be observed at a molecular level •generally use indirect indicators to infer that a chemical reaction has taken place  Color change  Formation of a new substance with properties different from the original reactant  release of a gas  heat given off or absorbed  light or sound given off

Iron powder and sulfur are mixed. A heated metal rod initiates an exothermic reaction

Background cont.: • Examples of chemical reactions: – Burning fuel to heat homes – Combustion of gasoline to power cars – The human body using a reaction between food and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy – Baking bread or cookies

Background: Create this molecule Vinyl alcohol H

H C H

C O

H

Draw it in your notebook

Link your vinyl alcohols together

• You can use all of these single molecules to build a long chain. • Use extra bonds to link your molecule to the other molecules. • You modeled a chemical reaction between vinyl alcohol molecules. • One function of a model is to make simple representations of complex systems • Molecular models allow us to visualize what is happening at the molecular level

We made Polyvinyl Alcohol • You will be using Polyvinyl Alcohol today. • The long chain is called a polyvinyl alcohol, because “poly-” means many. In any reaction like this, the starting subunit part is called a monomer, which means “one part”, and the resulting chain of many parts is called a polymer, which means “many parts”

Background cont.: • One Vinyl Alcohol Molecule = monomer • Long Chain Polyvinyl Alcohol = polymer – 1,000-10,000 monomers form a polymer.

• “Poly” means many • “Mono” means one

Polyvinyl Alcohol More monomer links

H

C H

H

H

C

C

O H

H

H More monomer links

C O H

Draw it in your notebook

Background cont.: Reactants + Reactant

Product + Product

Sodium and Water Demo: 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

Reactant: a substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction Product: a substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

Examples of Plastics • • • •

Polypropylene (Blue) Polyvinyl Chloride (Green) High Density Polyethylene (Red) Polystyrene (Yellow)

What do you notice about the names of these materials?

Activity 19

Title: Creating New Materials

Read B-39 Problem: How are reactants changed by a chemical reaction? How are the products different? Hypothesis/Initial Thoughts:

Procedure: Read the procedure on pages B40 to B-41

What will be our evidence of a chemical reaction? Color How does it pour? Can it be stirred? Stickiness Bounciness Stretchiness Other Observations

• In this activity you will start with the polymer known as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and see how its properties change when it is mixed and reacts chemically with another compound, to change its molecular composition. • Stir the mixture constantly and slowly until a gel forms • Clean and dry the materials quickly!!!! • Everyone wash your hands after you have put away your goggles

Follow-up It is the number of cross-links that determines the properties of a polymer

• Which do you think is a harder substance, a polymer with more cross-links or a polymer with fewer crosslinks? The sodium borate created the cross-links with the polyvinyl alcohol

• What do you think would happen to the final polymer if you continued to add sodium borate? Cross-linked plastics are more rigid

Follow-up • What are the physical properties of the reactants? • Describe the physical properties of the product. • What evidence show a new substance was formed? – change in physical properties indicates an new substance has been formed

Activity 19: Creating New Materials

Iron powder and sulfur are mixed. A heated metal rod initiates an exothermic reaction. Page 5. • Examples of chemical reactions: – Burning fuel to heat homes. – Combustion of gasoline to power cars. – The human body using a reaction between food and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy.

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