United International University Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Essential CS Vocabulary No. 1. 2. 3.
Word Access Account Address
4.
Agent
5. 6. 7.
Aggregate Algorithm Analog
8.
API
9.
Application
10.
Argument
11.
Array
12.
ASCII
13.
Assembler
14. 15.
Authentication Authorization
16. 17. 18.
Background Backup Bandwidth
Meaning To gain entry to data. Subscription to a networked computer system. A character or group of characters that identify a register, a location or some other data source or destination. An entity that handles requests to act on behalf of a user as it performs tasks within an application program. To total data from smaller units into a large unit. A set of rules for solving a problem in a given number of steps. A method of storing information. An analog device uses a physical quantity, such as length or voltage, to represent the value of a number. Application Program Interface: Consists of a variety of functions or procedures that an application program can call upon, as well as data structures, constants, and various definitions needed to describe system resources. The use to which a data processing system is put within a given discipline, such as a payroll application. A value supplied to a procedure, macro, subroutine, or command that is required in order to evaluate that procedure, macro, subroutine, or command. Storage of a group of similar data items in consecutive order. Each item is an element of the array, American Standard Code for Information Interchange: Numerical representation of a character such as 'a' or '@' or an action of some sort. A program that converts symbolically-coded programs into object level, machine code. In an assembler program, unlike a compiler, there is a oneto-one correspondence between human-readable instructions and the machine-language code. Process of establishing who you are. Permission to access non-public information or use equipment that is either fully or partially restricted. Process of establishing what you can do. That works behind the terminal without interacting with it. To save as in to make a copy in case of future failure or corruption. A piece of the spectrum occupied by some form of signal, where it is television, voice, fax data, etc. Signals require a certain size and location of bandwidth in order to be transmitted. The higher the bandwidth, the faster the signal transmission, and thus allowing for a more complex signal such as audio or video. Because bandwidth is a limited space, when one user is occupying it, others must wait their turn. Bombarding the Internet with unnecessary information is referred to as "taking up bandwidth."
19.
Batch processing
20.
Binary Number
21.
Bit
22.
Block
23. 24. 25. 26.
Boot Break Broadcast Buffer
27. 28.
Bug Bus
29.
Byte
30. 31. 32.
Cache Channel Character
33.
Chip
34.
Class
35. 36. 37.
Client Code Collision
38.
Command
39.
Compiler
40.
Computer
41.
Concatenate
A method of organizing work for a computer system, designed to reduce overhead by grouping similar jobs. In one scheme, jobs were collected into batches, each requiring a particular compiler. A number expressed in the binary numeral system or base-2 numeral system which represents numeric values using two different symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one). A binary digit, either a 0 or 1. In the U. S., 8 bits make up one byte; in Europe, byte equals one word. A sequence of words or characters written contiguously, such as into a group, by a computer and stored on a disk, diskette, magnetic tape, etc. To turn on the computer. To interrupt a transmission or flow. To send a single message to all the nodes in a network. A temporary memory for data, normally used to accommodate the difference in the rate at which two devices can handle data during a transfer. A software/hardware error caused by any mistake in building the entity. A pathway for data to flow between the central processing unit (CPU), main memory (RAM), and various devices such as the keyboard, video, disk drives, and communications ports A group of adjacent binary digits, usually 8, on which a computer operates as a unit; often used to represent a single character. A place to store something temporarily in a computing environment. Any medium by which information can be transmitted. Typically, letters, numerical digits, common punctuation marks (such as "." or "-"), and whitespace. Each character is represented by a number. The ASCII character set, for example, uses the numbers 0 through 127 to represent all English characters as well as special control characters. A tiny piece of semi-conductive material, usually based on silicon, used in the manufacture of electronic components. Refers to a set of related objects that share common characteristics. Classes and the ability to create new classes are what make object-oriented programming a powerful and flexible programming model. A computer program that uses the services of another computer program. A language for expressing operations to be performed by a computer. The result of two nodes transmitting at the same time on a multiple access network such as Ethernet. Both packets may be lost or partial packets may result. A request, typed from a terminal or embedded in a file, to perform an operation or to execute a particular program. A program that takes as input a program written in a source language and produces as output an equivalent program written in another (target) language. Usually the input program is in a high-level language such as C++ and the output is in assembly language for the target machine. A device or system that is capable of carrying out a sequence of operations in a distinctly and explicitly defined manner. The operations are frequently numeric computations or data manipulations, but also include data input and output. To combine a string, text, or other data data together.
42.
Concurrency
43.
Cookies
44. 45. 46.
Copy Crash Data
47. 48.
Data Structure Database
49.
Deadlock
50. 51. 52.
Debug Decrypt Default
53.
Defragmentation
54. 55. 56.
Dial-up Digital Disk
57. 58.
Distributed Computing Document
59.
Documentation
60.
Domain
61.
Download
62. 63. 64. 65.
Downtime Drive Dump Dynamic
66. 67. 68.
Edit Edit Embedded System
69.
Encapsulation
The performance of multiple calculations at the same time on a computer system. Tiny text files that a Web server sends to the browser and retrieves each time the user accesses the Web site. They can be used to track which pages or items the user has looked at in the past. To make an exact replica of existing data. When a program stops working for some reason and must be restarted. Information suitable for communication, interpretation or processing by a computer. A way of organizing data for use in a computer program. A collection of interrelated data values integrated into a single connected structure or integrated temporarily for each interrogation, known as a query. A situation in which two or more computer programs sharing the same resource are effectively preventing each other from accessing the resource, resulting in both programs ceasing to function. To detect, trace and eliminate errors in computer programs. The process of transforming encoded text into plaintext. A software function or operation which occurs automatically unless the user specifies something else. The process of locating the noncontiguous fragments of data into which a computer file may be divided as it is stored on a hard disk, and rearranging the fragments and restoring them into fewer fragments or into the whole file. To connect to a computer by calling it on the telephone. Information that can be represented by a collection of bits. A small, flat, either rigid or floppy magnetic disk for storing data permanently. Magnetic medium for data storage. Either "floppy" diskettes (720K to 1.4 megabytes), or "hard" disks (usually 20 megabytes or more) A software system that runs programs and stores data across a number of different computers, Any record that has permanence and that can be read by human or machine. A collection of organized documents or the information recorded in documents. Also instructional material specifying the inputs, operations and outputs of a computer program or system. Part of a computer network in which the data processing resources are under common control. To get programs or data in a computing device from another, typically through internet connection. The time interval during which equipment is nonfunctional A peripheral device, especially one that has addressed storage media. To record the contents of all or part of one storage device in another. Pertaining to an operation that occurs at the time it is needed rather than at a predetermined or fixed time. To enter, modify or delete data. To enter, modify or delete data. A computer processor that is part of another device that must interact with its environment. Combining or defining a data structure of attributes and a group of
70. 71.
Encrypt Entity
72.
Environment
73.
Erase
74.
Event
75.
Execute
76.
Execute
77.
Expression
78. 79.
Feature Field
80.
File
81.
Filter
82.
Firewall
83.
Flag
84.
Flash Drive
85.
Flowchart
86.
Folder
87. 88.
Foreground Format
89. 90.
Frame Frequency
91. 92. 93.
Function Garbage Gateway
94.
Glitch
95.
Gopher
96.
Graph
associated functions and behaviors as a single object. To disguise the meanings of messages or data. Any concrete or abstract thing of interest, including associations among things. For example, which data may be stored in a database. The setting in which computing takes place that is the aggregate of the hardware, software, policies and procedures relating to their use. To remove data from a data medium, leaving the medium available for recording new data. Any significant action. User-generated events include keystrokes and mouse clicks, among a wide variety of other possibilities. Systemgenerated events include program loading and errors, also among a wide variety of other possibilities. To interpret a computer instruction and carry out the operations specified in the instruction. To execute an instruction within a section of a program or a portion of a program. A combination of letters, numbers, or symbols used to represent a value of a variable. The qualities generally ordered by the customer or program developer. Usually the smallest data element in a record; a specified area used for a particular category of data. A collection of any form of data that is stored beyond the time of execution of a single job. A device or program that separates data, signals, or materials in accordance with specific criteria. A network security system, either hardware- or software-based, that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of rules. To mark that indicates a certain event has taken place, or that an object is unusual in some way. A small data storage device that uses semiconductor flash memory rather than a disk drive. A diagram showing the “flow” or progress of operations in a computer program. A named collection of related files that can be retrieved, moved, and otherwise manipulated as one entity. That receives the signal directly from the terminal. The defined structure of information that is recorded on magnetic media, displayed on a visual display device or printed on a page. A packet sent over a serial link A measurement of the number of electromagnetic waves that pass over a given point in a given period of time. A group of instructions used to perform a specific task. Unwanted or meaningless information in memory, on disk or on a tape. A functional unit that interconnects two or more computer networks with different network architectures. An error caused by errors in other software installed on the computer, confliction with the hardware installed on the computer, or other issues. A client program available via the Internet that allows users to review and retrieve information on other host systems via easy-to-use menus A set of vertices and edges.
97.
Graphic
98.
Grid Computing
99.
Groupware
100. GUI
101. Handshaking
102. Hang 103. Hard copy 104. Hard disk
105. Hardware 106. Hardcoded 107. Header 108. Host 109. Hierarchical file
110. Hub 111. HTML
112. HTTP 113. Hyperlink
114. Homepage 115. Heap 116. Heuristic Evaluation
Computer-generated expression produced on a computer screen or paper, ranging from simple line or bar graphs to colorful and detailed images. Involves the creation of a single computer architecture that consists of many separate computers that function much like a single machine. Software that serves the group and makes the group as a whole more productive and efficient in group tasks. Graphical User Interface: A human-computer interface (i.e., a way for humans to interact with computers) that uses windows, icons and menus and which can be manipulated by a mouse (and often to a limited extent by a keyboard as well). A procedure performed by modems, terminals, and computers to verify that communication has been correctly established. Handshaking ensures that data is not sent when either of the devices may not be ready. When a computer freezes, so that it does not respond to keyboard commands, it is said to "hang" or to have "hung." A printed copy of machine output in a visually readable form. A mass storage medium for computers that is typically available as fixed disk (such as the disks used in the system units of personal computers or in drives that are external to a personal computer) or a removable cartridge. Physical computer equipment such as electrical, electronic, magnetic and mechanical devices. A term used to describe code written that is likely not going to change. The portion of a message, preceding the actual data, containing source and destination address and error-checking fields. A computer that is made available for use by multiple people simultaneously. A hierarchical file is one that contains information collected on multiple units of analysis where each unit of analysis is subordinate to another unit. For example, if the physical housing structure is one unit, and individual persons within the structure is another unit, the person records are subordinate (e.g. related to) the housing unit. A device that is a center of network activity because it connects multiple networks together. Hypertext Markup Language. A convention of codes used to access documents over the World-Wide Web. Without HTML codes, a document would be unreadable by a Web browser. HyperText Transfer Protocol. Extremely fast protocol used for network file transfers in the WWW environment. A pointer that when chosen displays the item to which it points. It typically takes the form of a button or highlighted text that points to related text, picture, video, or audio. Hyperlinks allow non-linear exploration of media that contain them. The initial web page that is returned by a Web site when a user specifies the uniform resource locator (URL) for the Web site. A large, dynamic pool of memory that can be utilized by data that are created when a program executes. A heuristic evaluation is a method of testing a computer program to identify problems in the user interface design. It is one way of measuring how well a human user can interact with the computer while utilizing a
117. Icons 118. I/O
119. IEEE 120. Inbox 121. Index
122. Information server 123. Inheritance 124. Input
125. Instance
126. Instruction 127. Interactive
128. Integer
129. Invalid
130. Interpreted
131. Iteration
132. INTERNET
certain piece of software. On-screen pictures that symbolize various commands. Input/Output. The part of a computer system or the activity that is primarily dedicated to the passing of information into or out of a central processing unit. Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers. A leading standardssetting group in the United States. The mailbox that holds incoming e-mail. A list of the messages contained in a conference or a mail folder. Indexes generally show the date of the message, its title (or subject), the name of the user who wrote it, and an indication (with a "*" marker) of whether you have read that message. A computer on the Internet which acts as a library of documents and files that users can download. The ability of hierarchically-arranged objects to acquire attributes and behaviors of objects above them without duplicating the code. As a verb, to enter information, instructions, text, etc., in a computer system or program. As a noun, the data so entered. Input devices include the keyboard and OCR reader. A particular occurrence of an object defined by a class. All instances of a class share the behavior implemented and inherited by the class. Each instance has its own private set of the instance variables implemented and inherited by the class. A statement to the computer that specifies an operation to be performed and the values and locations of the data to be processed. Pertaining to an application in which each entry evokes a response from a system or program, as in an inquiry system, for example, an airline reservation system. An interactive system may also be conversational, implying continuous dialog between the user and the system. An integer is a numeric value, for example, 1 and 1234 are examples of integers. A negative integer is any negative numeric value, for example, 1 and -1234 are examples of a negative integers. In most programming languages, you can convert a number into an integer using the int function. Error message generated by invalid data, a logical programming flaw, or an input error. For example, if a computer has a floppy disk in the computer that is not bootable, when booting the computer you will receive an Invalid System Disk error message. With computer programming, interpreted or an interpreted language refers to a language that does not need to be compiled before it is executed. However, because the script or program is not compiled, it requires an interpreter to run. When a process or sequence in a computer program is repeated, this is an iteration. In a computer program, a common form of iterations is a loop, which repeats code to determine values for multiple variables or sometimes just a single variable (adding up multiple values together). A concatenation of many individual TCP/IP campus, state, regional, and national networks (such as CSUNET, SUPERNET, WESTNET, NSFNET, ARPANET) into one single logical network all sharing a common addressing scheme.
133. IP
134. IP Address
135. Interrupt
136. IRC 137. ISDN
138. ISO 139. Interoperability
140. Job
141. JPEG 142. Justify 143. JDK
144. JVM
145. Kernel 146. Key
147. keyboard 148. kilobyte(K) 149. LAN 150. Laser printer 151. Layer 152. Line
Internet Protocol. The Internet standard protocol that provides a common layer over dissimilar networks, used to move packets among host computers and through gateways if necessary. The numeric address of a computer connected to the Internet; also called Internet address. A suspension of a process, such as the execution of a computer program, caused by an event external to the computer and performed in such a way that the process can be resumed. Events of this kind include sensors monitoring laboratory equipment or a user pressing an interrupt key. Internet Relay Chat, or just Chat. An on-line group discussion. Integrated Services Digital Network. An international communications standard for a common interface to digital networks that allows the integration of voice and data on a common transport mechanism. Proposed by Bellcore for transmission of data, voice and higherbandwidth technologies over phone lines. International Standards Organization. International standard making body responsible for the OSI network standards and the OSI reference model. The capability to communicate, execute programs or transfer data among various functional units in a way that requires the user to have little knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units. A set of data that defines a unit of work for a computer; it usually includes all necessary computer programs, linkages, files and instructions to the operating system. Joint Photographic Experts Group. The ISO proposed standard for compression of digital data, especially 24-bit color images. In word processing, to print a document with even (straight, non-ragged) right and left margins. Short for Java Development Kit, the first JDK was introduced January 23, 1996and today includes the software and tools required to compile, debug, and run applications written in Java. Short for Java Virtual Machine, JVM is software that interprets Java bytecode and converts it into machine language to execute it on the computer. The part of an operating system that performs basic functions such as allocating hardware resources. An identifier in a database or file. A primary key is a unique identifier. A secondary key is typically not unique. A key may be used to specify data in a query. Example: Tag number to specify a car in a database of automobile registration information. Similar to a typewriter, contains the letters for typing text, and keys that give the computer its commands. 1,024 bytes, often used to mean 1,000 bytes. Local Area Network. A network that usually covers a contiguous and fairly small geographical area An electro photographic (xerographic) printer in which a laser is used as the light source. A grouping of related tasks involving the transfer of information. Also, a level of the OSI reference model. In communications, a wire connecting a terminal to a computer; also a
153. Line editor
154. Line printer
155. Link
156. Load
157. Latency 158. Label 159. Literal string
160. Low-level language
161. Lookup Table
162. Loop
163. Library
164. Linker
165. Lexical Analysis
166. Local optimum 167. LIFO 168. Machine language 169. Macro 170. Magnetic disk
unit of text. An editor where the text is considered to be a series of lines separated by end-of-line markers and in which alterations are made to individual lines or groups of lines through editor commands. A form of markup which designates that data within a document will automatically connect with either nested data or an outside source. Used in the design of hypertext. A form of markup which designates that data within a document will automatically connect with either nested data or an outside source. Used in the design of hypertext. To transfer a program held on some external storage medium (such as magnetic tape or disk) into the main memory of the machine in a form suitable for execution. The time interval between the instant at which an instruction control unit initiates a call for data and the instant at which In programming, a label is either a reference point or command used to move throughout a program. Alternatively referred to as a literal(s), a literal string is a series of characters enclosed in double or single quotes (or both) depending on the programming language or command line. A low-level language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction of programming concepts, and is very close to writing actual machine instructions. Two good examples of low-level languages are assembly and machine code. A lookup table, also known as a LUT, is an array used in computer programming that holds values which would otherwise need to be calculated. A loop describes the process of a software program or script repeats the same instructions or processes the same information over and over until receiving the order to stop. In computer programming, a library refers to a collection of files, programs, routines, scripts, or functions that can be referenced within the programming code. In computer science, a linker is a computer program that takes one or more object files generated by a compiler and combines them into one, executable program. In computer science, lexical analysis is the process of converting a sequence of characters into meaningful strings; these meaningful strings are referred to as tokens. In mathematics and computer science, a local optimum is the best solution to a problem within a small neighborhood of possible solutions. Last-in-first-out. A queuing technique in which the next item to be retrieved is the item most recently placed in the queue. A programming language or instruction code that is immediately interpretable by the hardware of the machine concerned. A single computer instruction that stands for a given sequence of instructions. A flat circular plate with a magnetizable surface layer used for storage of data.
171. Magnetic tape 172. Main memory 173. Mainframe
174. Mainframe, minicomputer, micro-computer
175. MB 176. Medium
177. Memory
178. Memorization
179. Menu
180. Message
181. Method 182. Methodology 183. Microcomputer 184. Microprocessor 185. Module 186. Modem
187. Monitor
A tape with a magnetizable surface layer on which data can be stored by magnetic recording. Usually the fastest storage device of a computer and the one from which instructions are executed. The cabinet that houses the central processing unit and main memory of a computer system, separate from peripheral devices such as card readers, printers, disk drives, etc. and device controllers. The term has come to be applied to the computer itself in the case of large systems. A large computer system; the IBM ES9000. Three sizes of computers. Big corporations use mainframes and large school systems might use a mid-range computer, sometimes called a minicomputer, as a file server and administrative tool. The correct term for microcomputer is personal computer or PC. Megabytes. 1,048,576 bytes, often used to mean one million bytes (1,000,000) bytes. The material used to support the transmission of data. This can be copper wire, coaxial cable, optical fiber, or electromagnetic wave as in microwave. A device or medium that serves for temporary storage of programs and data during program execution. The term is synonymous with storage, although it is most frequently used for referring to the internal storage of a computer that can be directly addressed by operating instructions. Memorization is a technique used in computer programming wherein a program "remembers" the result of a computationally expensive function call by storing it in a cache. A displayed list of options from which a choice can be made. The list is often displayed with a code opposite each option; the selection may be made by typing the appropriate code. E-Mail: The unit of information transferred by an e-mail system. It consists of an envelope that identifies the recipients to an MTA; headers containing who the message is from, to, subject, relaying information, etc; and a body that contains the information the sender wishes to communicate. A procedure whose code implements the behavior invoked by sending a message. A methodology is a collection of methods and tools, designed and arranged so as to provide guidance in achieving a specific objective. A computer system in which the central processing unit is built as a single tiny semiconductor chip or as a small number of chips. Main computer chip that provides speed and capabilities of the computer. Also called CPU. A logically self-contained and discrete part of a larger computer program. Short for MOdulation/DEModulation, it is a device that can convert a digital bit stream into an analog signal (modulation) and can convert incoming analog signals back into digital signals (demodulation). The analog communications channel is typically a telephone line and the analog signals are typically sounds. A television-like screen that shows text, graphics, and other functions performed by the computer.
188. Multiplexer 189. Node 190. Noise 191. Network
192. Object
193. Object-oriented 194. Object code 195. Off-line
196. On-line
197. Open system
198. OSI
199. Operating system
200. Output 201. Packet
202. Package
A device that merges information from multiple input channels to a single output channel. A member of a network or a point where one or more functional units interconnect transmission lines. A VAX is a node on a DECnet. Undesirable signals bearing no desired information and frequently capable of introducing errors into the communication process. A collection of two or more computers interconnected by telephone lines, coaxial cables, satellite links, radio, and/or some other communication technique. A computer "network" is a group of computers which are connected together and which communicate with one another for a common purpose. An entity consisting of attributes (such as color and size) stored as data and behaviors or functions (such as draw and move) that manipulate the attribute data. Supports the concepts of objects, encapsulation, message passing, dynamic binding and inheritance. Output from a compiler or assembler that is itself executable machine code or is suitable for processing to produce executable machine code. Not connected to a network. You can save money on pay-for-use networks by preparing your messages off-line using your wordprocessing software, and uploading them instead of typing them in while you're connected to (or on-line with) the network. Active and prepared for operation. Also suggests access to a computer network. Connected to a network or via a network. Examples: Send me a message on-line. In other words, send me an e-mail message. A system that implements sufficiently open specifications for interfaces, services and supporting formats to enable properly-engineered applications software to be ported with minimal changes across a wide range of systems, to interoperate with other applications on local and remote systems, and to interact with users in a style that facilitates user portability Open Systems Interconnect. An international standard suite of protocols defined by International Standards Organization, that implements the OSI reference model for network communications between computers. Software that controls the basic, low-level hardware operations, and file management. It is provides the link between the user and the hardware. Popular operating systems include: DOS, MacOS, VMS, VM, MVS, UNIX, and OS/2. (Note that "Windows 3.x" is not an operating system as such, since it must have DOS to work.) Information retrieved from a computer, displayed by a computer or produced by a program running on a computer. Basic component of communication over a network. A group of bits of fixed maximum size and well-defined format that is switched and transmitted as a complete whole through a network. It contains source and destination address, data and control information. With software, a package is a module that can be added to any program to add additional options, features, or functionality. With hardware, a package is a single container that contains one or more items that help make up the overall package. For example, a processor package is the overall computer processor, which contains all the necessary parts that
203. Parameter
204. Parity
205. Partition
206. Peripheral
207. Php
208. Ping 209. Pixel 210. Platform 211. Pointer
212. Polymorphism
213. Port
214. Portable
215. Printer 216. Procedure 217. Program
218. Processor 219. Process
allow it to work in your computer. In computer programming, a parameter is a special kind of variable, used in a subroutine to refer to one of the pieces of data provided as input to the subroutine Data has even or odd parity if the number of 1 bits is even or odd. A parity bit is a bit added to data to make the parity always even or odd. A parity bit may be used for detection of errors in RAM as well as in data transmitted through noisy communications channels. A parity error is detected when data that is supposed to be even parity is not, or vice versa. When referring to a computer hard drive, a disk partition or partition is a section of the hard drive that is separated from other segments. Partitions help enable users to divide a computer hard drive into different drives or different portions for a number of reasons. Anything extra or added on for your computer, such as a modem, a mouse, or a fax adapter. Peripherals can be added on externally or installed inside the machine. Preprocessor, is a server-side interpreted scripting language. It was designed for creating dynamic web pages and web pages that effectively work with databases. A small network message (ICMP ECHO) sent by a computer to check for the presence and aliveness of another. Picture Element. In computer graphics, the smallest element of a display space that can be independently assigned color or intensity Hardware environment that supports the running of a computer system. In general, pointer is a term used to describe a suggestion, tip, or a hint about a particular product or subject. When referring to programming, a pointer commonly refers to a reference made to an address in memory of another variable A technique for generalizing a single behavior across many kinds of objects. It simplifies software design, since a programmer need only specify an action or behavior (such as draw) and elaborate on how it is implemented (for example, line or ellipse). That portion of a computer through which a peripheral device may communicate. Often identified with the various plug-in jacks on the back of your computer. On a network hub, it is the connector that receives the wire link from a node. In computer usage, a file or program is "portable" if it can be used by a variety of software on a variety of hardware platforms. Numeric data files written as plain character format files are fairly portable. An output device that converts the coded information from the processor into a readable form on paper. A portion of a high-level language program that performs a specific task. A set of actions or instructions that a machine is capable of interpreting and executing. A program is a format by which you can give computer any command to do some work. A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer. A process refers to a set of instructions currently being processed by the computer processor. For example, in Windows you can see each of the processes running by opening the Processes tab in Task Manager.
220. Prompt 221. Protocol
222. Pseudocode
223. Python
224. Quality
225. Query 226. Queue 227. Random 228. Random access 229. Ram
230. Read 231. Real number 232. Realtime
233. Record 234. Recovery 235. Recursion
236. Regex 237. Relational database 238. Remote
Windows Processes are Windows Services and background programs you normally don't see running on the computer. For example, a process may be a printer program that runs in the background and monitors the ink and other printer settings while the computer is running A character or message provided by an operating system or program to indicate that it is ready to accept input. An agreement that governs the procedures used to exchange information between cooperating entities and usually includes how much information is to be sent, how often it is sent, how to recover from transmission errors and who is to receive the information. Alternatively referred to as p-code, pseudocode is a computer programming language that resembles plain English that cannot be compiled or executed, but explains a resolution to a problem Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language that was first developed by Guido van Rossum and released in 1991 It is meeting your own specifications and meeting your customers expectations. It is also concerned with doing the right things and doing things right. A request that specifies the manner in which data is to be extracted from one or more databases. A sequence of stored computer data or programs awaiting processing that are processed in the order first-in first-out (FIFO). Any data or information that has no order. For example, 5,8,2,9, and 0 are single-digit numbers that are in random order. each element can be accessed with the same ease and speed as any other. Random Access Memory. Memory in which each element can be individually addressed and accessed with the same speed as any other element of the memory. The main memory of a computer is usually RAM To sense and retrieve or interpret data from a form of storage or input medium. In mathematics, a real number is almost any number, such as 2, 5, π -4, 32.3, and so on. The processing of transactions as they occur rather than batching them. Pertaining to an application in which response to input is fast enough to affect subsequent inputs and guide the process and in which records are updated immediately. The lag from input time to output time must be sufficiently small for acceptable timeliness. A collection of related data or words, treated as a unit. For example, in stock control, each invoice could constitute one record. The process by which data are rebuilt after a system fails. When referring to computer programming, recursion refers to a function or subroutine that calls itself .Recursion is commonly performed to solve problems capable of being resolved by deduction; many numeric problems can often be resolved by recursion. Short for regular expression, a regex is a string of text that allows you to create patterns that help match, locate, and manage text An organization of data into tables with each column containing the values of a data element and each row representing a record. Equipment or site that is located out of the way or at a distance from
239. Remote access
240. Response 241. Reverse engineering
242. Rom 243. Router
244. Routine 245. Routing 246. Run 247. Scanner
248. Scanf
249. Scheduling 250. Screen 251. Scroll
252. Sequential
253. Server 254. Session 255. Shell
primary equipment or a larger or primary site. The ability to access a computer from outside a building in which it is housed. Remote access requires communications hardware, software, and actual physical links, although this can be as simple as common carrier (telephone) lines to another computer across the Internet. A message placed in a conference as a follow-up to a topic or to another response; or, a reply to an e-mail message. Any products can be reverse engineered. The products are taken apart and dissected to learn and understand how they work mechanically, why they work and what part they play in the functionality of the whole product. Reverse engineering allows variations of existing products that can include improvements as people learn how something works and what could be done to improve on the product. Read-only memory. Information is stored once, usually by the manufacturer that cannot be changed. A device connecting separate networks that forwards a packet from one network to another based only on the network address for the protocol being used. Part of a computer program, or a sequence of instructions called by a program, that may have some general or frequent use. The process of finding a path over which a packet can travel to reach its destination. The single, continuous execution of a program by a computer on a given set of data. As a verb, to initiate processing by a program. A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display. In the C programming language, scanf is short for scan formatted and is a control parameter used to read and store a string of characters. The string is usually read from an input source, but may come from other sources too. An automated capability to schedule meetings and/or resources (such as meeting rooms, projectors, etc.) by looking at online calendars. The surface of a monitor on which information can be viewed. To move all or part of the display image vertically or horizontally to view data otherwise excluded. Scrolling can be performed with a mouse in the horizontal/vertical bars on each window or by using the page up/down home/end - or arrow keys. A method of storing and retrieving information that requires data to be written and read sequentially. Accessing any portion of the data requires reading all the preceding data. A computer that shares its resources, such as printers and files, with other computers on the network. Networking term used to refer to the logical stream of data flowing between two programs and being communicated over a network. A term that usually refers to the user interface of an operating system. A shell is the command processor that is the actual interface between the kernel and the user.
256. Simulation
257. Soft copy 258. Software 259. Sort
260. Source code
261. Sql 262. 263. 264. 265.
Storage String Task Tcp/ip
266. Telecommunication 267. Terminal 268. Text 269. Thread
270. Time out 271. Topology 272. Transfer 273. Tree 274. Transaction
275. Transient error 276. Tutorial 277. Ubuntu 278. Unix 279. Upload
An imitation of the behavior of some existing or intended system, or some aspect of that behavior. Examples of areas where simulation is used include communications network design, weather forecasting and training. An electronic version of a file, usually in computer memory and/or on disk; as opposed to hard copy, the paper printout. Computer programs that perform various tasks. Example: Word processor, media Player etc To arrange a set of items in sequence according to keys; for example, to arrange the records of a personnel file into alphabetical order by using the employee names as sort keys. The program in a language prepared by the programmer. This code cannot be directly executed by the computer and must first be translated into object code. Structured Query Language. A language for requesting data from a relational database. A device or medium that can retain data for subsequent retrieval. A sequence of characters. A separately dispatchable function on a computer Transmission Control Protocol/INTERNET Protocol. The communication protocols on which the Internet is based. Communicating with other people through the computer using communication software and modems. A device connected to a computer network that acts as a point for entry or retrieval of information. A string of characters. A text file should contain only characters - as opposed to codes or commands. In computer programming, a thread is placeholder information associated with a single use of a program that can handle multiple concurrent users. From the program's point-of-view, a thread is the information needed to serve one individual user or a particular service request. What happens when two computers are talking and one fails to respond within a certain time, for whatever reason. In communications, the physical or logical arrangement of nodes in a network. To copy or move information from one computer to another. A way of organizing information with general categories at the top, subcategories below, and narrower subcategories on a further level. In computer programming, a transaction usually means a sequence of information exchange and related work (such as database updating) that is treated as a unit for the purposes of satisfying a request and for ensuring database integrity. An error that occur once or at unpredictable periods Information presented in a teaching format Ubuntu is a open source operating system first released on October 20, 2004. It is built upon the code base of Debian Linux. A popular computer software operating system used on many Internet host systems. To transfer information from a user’s system to a remote system. Opposite of download.
280. Url 281. Usb
282. Unicode 283. Validation 284. Variable
285. Version 286. Video graphics adapter (VGA) 287. Virtual address 288. Vision 289. Virtual 290. Virus
291. Volume 292. Volatile storage 293. Wavelength 294. Web browser
295. Web server
296. Web site 297. Wireless
298. Window
299. Word processor
300. Workstation
Uniform Resource Locater. A scheme used to locate a document accessible over the Internet. Short for Universal Serial Bus, USB is a plug-and-play interface that allows a computer to communicate with peripheral and other devices. USB-connected devices cover a broad range; anything from keyboards and mice, to music players and flash drives. A worldwide standard where each character uses a unique number between U+0000 and U+10FFFF, Unicode may be 8-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit. The checking of data for correctness or for compliance with applicable standards and rules. In computer programming, a variable or scalar is a storage location paired with an associated symbolic name (an identifier), which contains some known or unknown quantity of information referred to as a value. A separately licensed program that usually has significant new code or function. A computer adapter which provides high resolution graphics and a total of 256 colors Address of a location of virtual address A future-oriented statement of where you want to be, of what you want things to be like. Pertaining to a device or facility that does not physically exist, yet behaves as if it does. A program that can make a copy of itself without you necessarily being aware of it; some viruses can destroy or damage files, and generally the best protection is to always maintain backups of your files A physical unit of a storage medium, such as tape reel or disk pack, that is capable of having data recorded on it and subsequently read. A storage device whose contents are lost when power is cut off. The length of one complete electromagnetic wave, measured usually from crest to crest or trough to trough of successive vibrations. Short for Web browser, a browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display content on the World Wide Web, including Web pages, images, video and other files A Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which are forwarded by their computers' HTTP clients A Web site is a related collection of World Wide Web (WWW) files that includes a beginning file called a home page. In networking terminology, wireless is the term used to describe any computer network where there is no physical wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the network is connected by radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communications. A rectangular area on a display screen in which part of an image or file is displayed. The window can be any size up to that of the screen and more than one window can be displayed at once A program used to enter or edit text information in personal computers, often used to create a file before it is uploaded to a network; may also be used to process text after it has been downloaded. A general purpose computer that is small enough and inexpensive enough to reside at a person’s work area for his or her exclusive use
