DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
INLAND WATERWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA Ministry of Shipping, Government of India
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT PHASE 1A OF MULTIMODAL RIVER WATER TERMINAL AT RAMNAGAR, VARANASI, U.P., INDIA
Prepared by:
EQMS -AIAID – IRGSSA JV 1
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................ 6 1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.2. Project Background ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.3. Project Description............................................................................................................................. 6 1.4. Connectivity, Surroundings & Sensitivity of the Project Site............................................................ 8 1.5. Project Activities and Area Statement ............................................................................................... 8 1.6. Resources and Utilities Demand for Off-Site Developments ............................................................ 9 1.7. Baseline and Social Environment .................................................................................................... 11 1.8. Environment and Social Impacts of the Proposed Project ............................................................... 13 1.9. Environmental Management Plan .................................................................................................... 14 2. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................38 2.1. Prelude ............................................................................................................................................. 38 2.2. Project Background .......................................................................................................................... 39 2.3. Project Brief ..................................................................................................................................... 40 2.4. Need for the Proposed Project ......................................................................................................... 42 2.5. Need of Study .................................................................................................................................. 43 2.6. Scope and Methodology of the Study .............................................................................................. 43 2.7. Limitation of the Study .................................................................................................................... 44 2.8. Structure of the Report ..................................................................................................................... 44 2.9. References ........................................................................................................................................ 45 3. LEGISLATIVE, REGULATION AND POLICY CONSIDERATION .........................................47 3.1. Regulatory Requirements for the Proposed Project ......................................................................... 47 3.2. Type of the Project ........................................................................................................................... 51 3.3. Clearances Required ........................................................................................................................ 51 3.4. International Conventions, Protocols and Agreements .................................................................... 53 3.5. Environmental Quality Indicators - Standards and Guidelines ........................................................ 61 4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................69 4.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 69 4.2. Location, Access and Layout of the Project..................................................................................... 69 4.3. Proposed Development ................................................................................................................... 70 4.4 Capacity and features of the project ............................................................................................ 77 4.5 Material handling ........................................................................................................................ 80 4.6 ........................................................................................................................................................... 80 Other features .......................................................................................................................................... 80 4.7 Waste management ..................................................................................................................... 80 4.8 Other features .............................................................................................................................. 80 5. : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (EVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BASELINE) .......81 5.1. Prelude ............................................................................................................................................. 81 5.2. Site Description and Its Environs..................................................................................................... 81 2
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
5.3. Method of Data Generation.............................................................................................................. 82 5.4. Geology, Topgraphy & Drainage, Hydrology, Hydrogeology ........................................................ 84 5.5. Meteorology ..................................................................................................................................... 92 5.6. Ambient Air Quality ........................................................................................................................ 95 5.6.1. Observation on Ambient Air Quality ......................................................................................... 98 5.7. Ambient Noise Quality .................................................................................................................... 99 5.7.1. Observation on Ambient Noise Quality: ................................................................................. 100 5.8. Surface and Ground Water Quality ................................................................................................ 100 5.9. Soil Quality .................................................................................................................................... 104 5.10. Land Use ...................................................................................................................................... 106 5.11. Biological Environment ............................................................................................................... 108 5.11.1. Flora ...................................................................................................................................... 108 5.11.2. Fauna..................................................................................................................................... 116 5.11.3. Kashi Turtle Sanctuary .......................................................................................................... 119 5.11.4. Aquatic Ecosystem ................................................................................................................ 122 5.12. Social Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 128 5.12.1. Tourism and Heritage............................................................................................................ 135 6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ............................................................................................139 6.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 139 6.2. Impact Identification ...................................................................................................................... 139 6.3. Impact on Air Environment ........................................................................................................... 141 6.4. Impact on Noise Environment ....................................................................................................... 143 6.5. Impacts on Water Resources .......................................................................................................... 144 6.6. Impact on Land Environment ........................................................................................................ 147 6.7. Impacts on Biological Environment .............................................................................................. 149 6.8. Impacts on Socio-Economy ........................................................................................................... 151 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE................................................................155 8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING INDICATORS ..................165 8.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 165 8.2. The Environmental Management Plan ........................................................................................... 165 8.3. Institutional Arrangement .............................................................................................................. 183 8.3.1. Environmental Management Cell ........................................................................................... 183 8.4. Environment Monitoring Plan ....................................................................................................... 185 8.5. Reporting Requirement .................................................................................................................. 188 8.6. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...................................................................................................... 188 List of Tables Table 1.1: Details of building to be constructed .......................................................................... 8 Table 1.2: Details of Roads ........................................................................................................ 9 Table 1.3 Design Vessel Sizes ..................................................................................................10 Table 1.4: Type of luminaires ....................................................................................................10 Table 1.5: Water level of River Ganga ......................................................................................12 3
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Table 2.1: Geographical Coordinates of Project Site .................................................................40 Table 2.2: Reference Used for EIA Study..................................................................................45 Table 3.1: Applicability of Key Environmental Legislation at a Glance .......................................47 Table 3.2 Summary of Clearance and NOC ..............................................................................51 Table 3.3 International Maritime Conventions, Protocols and Agreements ................................54 Table 3.4 Standards For Discharge of Effluents ........................................................................61 Table 4.1: Type of commodity, volume estimated preliminary growth projections, preliminary Turnover Volume per day and required storage capacity ...................................................77 Table 5.1: Environmental Setting ..............................................................................................81 Table 5.2 Location Details, Period and Methodology of Baseline Data Generation .................83 Table 5.3 Meteorological Data of Varanasi (Source-IMD) ....................................................92 Table 5.4: Mixing Height ...........................................................................................................94 Table 5.5 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ................................................................96 Table 5.6 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (24-hour average) ......................................96 Table 5.6: continued...... Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (24-h average) .....................97 Table 5.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (March 2015) ...............................................97 Table 5.7: conti… Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (March 2015)..................................97 Table 5.8 Ambient Noise Quality in Study Area ........................................................................99 Table 5.9: Best Designated Use Criteria for Surface Waters Streams ....................................100 Table 5.10 Name of Water Sampling Locations ......................................................................101 Table 5.11 : Surface Water Quality .........................................................................................101 Table 5.12 Ground Water Quality ............................................................................................102 Table 5.12 continue… Ground Water Quality ..........................................................................102 Table 5.12 Soil Sampling Locations .....................................................................................105 Table 5.13: Physicochemical Characteristics of Soil ...............................................................105 Table 5.13 Land use of the Study Area ...................................................................................107 Table 5.14 List of Common Plant Species Present in Study Area ...........................................111 Table 5.15: List of Wildlife Found in Study Area ......................................................................116 Table 5.16 List of the Birds Surveyed / Recorded in the Study Area ....................................117 Table 5.17 Year wise details of Turtle Released in the Sanctuary ...........................................120 Table5.18 : Total number of fishes (taxa) in river Ganga .........................................................124 Table 5:19 Distribution of economically important fishes in lower Ganga ................................126 Table 5.20: Market arrivals (tons) of major carps (MC), selected catfishes (CF), Hilsa (H and other (O) fishes in Varanasi .............................................................................................127 Table 5.21: Uttar Pradesh State Population ............................................................................129 Table 5.22: Uttar Pradesh State Literacy Level ......................................................................129 Table 5.23: Uttar Pradesh State Population SC and ST .........................................................129 Table 5.24: Uttar Pradesh State Worker Population ................................................................129 Table 5.25: Population of the District .......................................................................................132 Table 5.26: Literacy in the District ..........................................................................................132 Table 5.27: SC and ST population of the District .....................................................................133 Table 5.28: Work population of the District ..............................................................................133 Table 5.29: Tehsil Wise Population of district ..........................................................................133 Table 5.30: Tehsil wise literacy population of District ..............................................................134 Table 5.31: Tehsil wise SC and ST population of District ........................................................134 Table 5.32: Tehsil wise work population of District ..................................................................134 Table 5.33 : Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1 - Population ....................135 Table 5.34: Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1- SC and ST population ....135 4
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Table 5.35: Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1 - Literacy and work population ........................................................................................................................135 Table 5.36: Important festivals and the venue in Varanasi city ................................................138 Table 6.1: Impact Matrix for Proposed Off-site Infrastructure .................................................139 Table 6.2 Emissions produced in movement of 1 ton of Cargo for 1000 miles by tow boat, truck and train ...........................................................................................................................143 Table 8.1: Environment Management Plan .............................................................................166 Table 8.2: Environment Monitoring Plan..................................................................................186 List of Figures Figure 1.1: Location map of Terminal Site at Ramnagar ............................................................ 7 Figure 2.1 Google Map Showing the Alignment of NW-1 ..........................................................39 Figure 2.2 : Google Map Showing Site Location........................................................................41 Figure 2.3: Location Map of Varanasi Terminal .........................................................................42 Figure 3.1: Surface Water Body Classification, CPCB...............................................................64 Figure 3.3: Criteria For Level of Eutrophication .........................................................................65 Figure 3.4: Criteria For Harmful Bottom Sediments, Japan .......................................................66 Figure 3.5: Criteria For Off-Shore Dumping of Dredged Material ...............................................67 Figure 3.6: Approximate Suspended Sediment Generation from Dredging Operation ...............68 Figure 4.1: Layout of Ramnagar Terminal, Stage 1 ...................................................................73 Figure 4.2: general arrangement of Jetty (Middle level), Ramnagar ..........................................74 Figure 4.3: Typical section of jetty, Ramnagar...........................................................................75 Figure 4.4: Details of stone pitching works ................................................................................76 Figure 5.1: Map Showing Environmental Monitoring Locations ................................................84 Figure 5.2 Map Showing Plant Site & Seismic Zones .of India .................................................85 Figure 5.3 Contour Map of Study Area ......................................................................................86 Figure 5.4 DEM of Study Area ..................................................................................................87 Figure 5.5 Drainage Map of Study Area ....................................................................................88 Figure 5.6: Windrose Diagram of Varanasi (Summer Season) ..................................................95 Figure 5.10 Land use/ Land Cover Map of Study Area ............................................................108 Figure 5.11 Map Showing Location of Turtle Sanctuary and other Environment Features ......119 Figure 5.12: Turtle Breeding Center Sarnath ...........................................................................122 Figure 8.1: Institutional Framework .........................................................................................184 Figure 8.2: Grievance Redressal Cell ......................................................................................189
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DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1. Introduction IWAI, mandated to develop the inland water transportation system in country has proposed a project “Capacity Augmentation of the Nation Waterway 1 (1620 kms, with minimum water depth of 2.5-3 m) between Haldia and Allahabad”. National Waterway 1(NW 1) has the potential to develop into a most economic, reliable, safe and environmentally friendly form of transport. Under this project, IWAI has proposed to develop a multimodal inland water terminal at Ramnagar,on river Ganga in Varanasi district in Uttar Pradesh. This terminal will provide the berthing facility for ships and loading and unloading facility for the goods. The construction and operation of this facility will have associated social and environmental impacts, requiring effective mitigation measures for its elimination and minimization. Thus a detailed environmental & social impact assessment study has been carried out for assessing the impacts associated with development and operation of the proposed terminal. EIA report covers in detail the environmental and social aspects of the proposed terminal during both construction/development and operation stage. IWAI has appointed EQMS-IRG-ABNAKI Consortium to carry out the detailed environmental impact assessment study for proposed multimodal inland water terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi.
1.2. Project Background As per project planning, this terminal will be connected to rest of the city and other transportation network vide roads and railways. An access road will be developed to connect the terminal with national highway 7. Internal road of 12 m width will be developed within the terminal to facilitate smooth movement. Terminal will also be connected to the DFC corridor from Mugalsarai to Bhaupur (under planning of DFCCIL). The terminal will be developed in phases. At present phase 1A is under progress. In the phase 1A, the terminal shall handle about 4,000 to 5,000 MT per day which is expected to increase to 60,000T per day by 2038. Material to be handled at the terminal is expected to be coal, cement, stone chips,, fertilizer and food grains.
1.3. Project Description The proposed project site falls in Ramnagar Municipal Board of Varanasi district. The proposed terminal is along Ramanagar Bridge which is approximately 700 m from National Highway -7. Ganga River flows in the West direction and a stream called Gurha Nallah flows into the river and surrounds the site in East and South direction. Project is surrounded by open land. Location map of the project site is given below in figure 1.1.
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DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Figure 1.1: Location map of Terminal Site at Ramnagar
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DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
1.4. Connectivity, Surroundings & Sensitivity of the Project Site At present, proposed project site is accessible through existing kachha road which connects to NH-7 through village road (pakka). For transportation of men and material during construction phase, a temporary access road of 600 m is proposed to be used. In future, an approach road will connect the site to NH-7 for which land measuring 0.592 ha will be acquired. Nearest railway station in Jeonathpur which is at 4.0 kms distance from terminal site in SE direction. Connectivity will be made from proposed terminal to existing IR track and proposed DFC track in future.. Nearest airport is LalBahadurShastriAirport located at a distance of app. 30 km in NW direction. Site is not a part of any forest land or any eco-sensitive/notified area. Project site is surrounded by open land. No forest land, national park, migratory route of birds is present within 10 km radius of terminal site. Kashi Turtle Sanctuary is located in downstream direction from terminal site and is located at 2.3 km towards in North direction from terminal site. Ramnagar fort is located at distance of 2.0 km from terminal site in north direction.
1.5. Project Activities and Area Statement Proposed development Proposed Terminal site for phase 1A covers an area of app. 5.685 ha. It was a private land , which has been acquired by IWAI by paying compensation to land owners as per the law of land. Facilities proposed at the site are 2 nos of berths for the cargo (100 m wide each), loading & unloading bay, passenger jetty, Electrical sub-station (ESS), power back up and sanitation facility. Stone pitching works Stone pitching works shall be carried out at the site to protect the river bank from current & waves. A length of 200m behind the jetty shall be protected by the stone pitching works. Stability of the slopes shall be carried out in accordance with the Indian standards & guidelines. Buildings The following buildings cribbed ib Table 1.1 shall be constructed as part of Phase 1A:
Table 1.1: Details of building to be constructed S. No.
Building
Type
Total Built up Area (Sqm)
1.
Substation Building
Single Storied Building
400 sqm
2.
Toilet Block
Single Storied Building
30 sqm
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DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Pontoons A steel pontoon deck of the size 20 m X 10 m shall be constructed at the location Gangway A gangway having walkway of 1.2 m width shall be provided to access the pontoon deck from the shore. Roads Details of roads planned to be provided is given below in Table 1.2. Any culverts required at the crossing of the drains and drainage system shall be provided.
Table 1.2: Details of Roads Road Type
Type R1 Type R2
Overall Width
Carriageway Width
22 m 12m
7.5 m 5m
1.6. Resources and Developments
Width of Paved Shoulders on either side of Carriageway 1m 0.75 m
Utilities
Width of Treated Shoulders on either side of Carriageway 1m 0.75 m
Demand
Approximate length
for
650 m 365 m
Off-Site
Water supply Water supply distribution system will be designed, installed and commissioned within the project area including the supply of potable water to the buildings. Power Requirement Power requirement has been estimated to be 130 KV during construction phase. An Electrical Sub-Station (ESS) and power back up system has been proposed for the terminal. Construction Materials Sourcing Construction material will be sourced from nearest authorized & licensed quarry and dealers Drainage During construction phase, temporary drainage and pumping facilities will be provided to keep the adjoining areas of work site free from water logging and flooding. A drainage system for carrying the storm water run-off from the port area will be designed and provided. The design rainfall intensity shall be taken as 50 mm/hr for the purpose of design of drainage system at site. Design Vessel Sizes 9
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
The design vessel sizes range and characteristics to be considered for design of jetty is given in Table 1.3:
Table 1.3 Design Vessel Sizes Jetty Type
DWT
LOA (m)
Beam (m)
Loaded Draft (m)
Maximum Ship Size
2000
80
11
3.5
Minimum Ship Size
200
18
5
1.0
Multi Modal Jetty
The design bed level at the Jetty shall be taken as +3.5 m. Earthing and Lightning Protection System The complete earthing system shall conform to the provisions of Indian Electricity Rules, and applicable code of practice for earthing IS: 3043. All non-conducting structures shall be provided with Lightning protection consisting of Air termination network at the top and down conductors as per IS:2309. All structures made of conducting material shall be protected by adequate earthing arrangements and air terminations at the top as per IS:2309. Conductors shall be Galvanized Iron (GI) of suitable size as per IS:2309. Buried lightning grid conductors of 75mm x 8mm size shall be provided for interconnection of the lightning earth pits around individual building. The same shall also be connected with the main plant earth grid at places through isolating link installed in Earth pits. Lighting System The nominal voltage of the distribution system shall be 3 phase 4 wire (415/240 ± 10% volts). All the equipment and materials shall be suitable for the system voltage. All materials and works shall comply with IS code of practices, Indian Electricity Rules and regulations. The lighting system of particular area whether indoor or outdoor shall be designed in such a way that uniform illumination is achieved. The type of lighting adopted shall provide adequate level of glare-free illumination, without creating undesirable shadows. Design of lighting layout shall be based on the minimum lighting intensities at the working plane and the type of luminaire specified in Table 1.4.
Table 1.4: Type of luminaires Location
Intensity of Illuminatio n 200
Type of Luminaire
High Mast
20
HPSV flood lighting fixtures on Raise / lowering high mast.
As required
--
Fully vermin and weather proof integral street light fixture with die cast aluminium housing and 1 x 70 / 150 W HPSV lamp with integral control gear
Substation/DG room/ Transformer Room / Pump House
Industrial type fluorescent fixture with SS reflector and 2x36 watt fluorescent lamp
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DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Luminaires All luminaires shall be of industrial/decorative type as specified. The number of different type of luminaires and their wattages shall be minimum consistent with the lighting requirements. While using discharge lamps, stroboscopic effect shall be minimized by various methods. All fluorescent fittings shall be of rapid start type and shall be so arranged that the power factor will be 90% or higher. All luminaries alongwith its terminal boxes shall have IP56 degree of enclosure protection for internal areas and IP65 degree of enclosure protection for external areas and battery room. Emergency Lighting
For safety and protection of personnel and for shutdown of the equipment, battery operated lighting units shall be installed as a part of fixed wiring system. Battery operated lighting unit shall consist of compact fluorescent lamps. Sealed batteries, fully automatic solid state charger, transfer switch to automatically transfer from main supply to the battery and vice versa, fuses etc. shall also form part of the supply. The charger shall be capable of recharging fully in 12 hours. The incandescent fixtures shall be mounted on the box containing batteries and battery charger. The unit shall operate on 1 Ph 240 V 50 Hz. Green Belt Development
Green buffer should be developed all along the terminal site and also compensatory plantation should be carried out at least in ratio of 1:2. Tree planted should be of native type. Waste Management Provision of septic tank is proposed onsite. Municipal Solid waste will be disposed off in designated dumping site of concerned Municipal body. Excavated earth, C&D waste will be reutilized to the extent possible or disposed of in designated dumping site of concerned municipal body/PWD.
1.7. Baseline and Social Environment Baseline environmental data generation was carried out during the period from 1stApril 2015 to 30th June 2015. Data has been generated by following the approved procedures of the Ministry of Environment & Forests and climate change and the Central Pollution Control Board. Study area of 10 km radial distance around the Terminal site has been considered for the EIA study.
Meteorology: Meteorological data for summer season has been collected from India Meteorological Department - Varanasi. The predominant wind direction is from Northwest. The average wind speed ranges from 1.8 to 5.0 kmph. Daily mean temperature varied from 22.1oC to 40.4oC. The relative humidity varied from25% to 51%.The annual rainfall is1000 mm. Ambient Air Quality:- PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO levels were monitored at six locations in the study area. Predominant downwind direction, population zone and location where maximum GLC is anticipated have been selected for measurement. The 24-hour average PM2.5 level in the study area vary from 20 to 58 µg/m3, PM10 level from 50 to 145 µg/m3, SO2 level from 13.3 to 35.6 μg/m3 and NO2 level from 17.4 to 46.8 μg/m3. Concentration of CO varied from 250 to 690 μg/m3. Overall the ambient air quality of the study area is meeting the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standard at all locations except 11
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Ramnagar location, where the RSPM values are high in terms of NAAQS. This is mainly due to the heavy traffic load on SH-7 and other commercial activities in Ramnagar Ambient Noise Quality:- Noise quality has been monitored at eight locations within the study area. The observed noise level (Leq) in all residential monitoring locations ranges from 43.5 dB (A) to 48.8 dB (A) during day time and 40.2 dB (A) to 43.0 dB (A) during the night time. The observed noise level (Leq) in Ramnagar locations (Commercial) is 64.5 dB (A) during day time and 54.8 dB (A) during the night time. The noise levels in the study area were found to be within the national standards for residential area (45 dBA during night time and 55 dBA during day time,) and commercial area (55 dBA during night time and 65 dBA during day time,)
Water Quality:- Eight samples of ground water and three samples of surface water have been collected from the study area. Surface water quality of the Ganga River in upstream and downstream point of project site was found to meet the Best Designated Use – ‘C’ Criteria of CPCB (fit for drinking after conventional treatment). Surface water quality of Nala is not meeting any of the category of Best Designated Use – ‘C’ Criteria of CPCB. The pH value of ground water samples at all locations varies from 7.17 – 7.50 and are within permissible limit. The conductivity values were found to be in the range of 462 – 1012 μmhos/cm. The chloride level was found to vary from 7 – 168 mg/l; within permissible limit. The total hardness values were found to vary from 152 – 420 mg/l; within permissible limit. Calcium and Magnesium values were within the permissible limit. Zinc and Fe levels were found to be within the permissible limit. All the parameters in ground water sample were well within the permissible limit prescribed in Indian Standard IS: 105002012. Hydrography: The water levels with reference to the India Naval Hydrographic Chart Datum are given in Table 1.5 below
Table 1.5: Water level of River Ganga High Water Level
RL +73.90 m
Low Water Level
RL +58.22 m
Current: The currents in the river are significant and vary season to season. Topographic Information: The study area, forms a part of Ganga river basin. The city of Varanasi is located in the middle Ganges valley of North India, in the Eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh, along the left crescent-shaped bank of the River Ganges. The river system consists of the mighty Ganga highly revered by Hindus since ages. Varuna, Assi, Banganga, Chandra Prabha and Karmnasa are tributaries of the Ganga, that drain the area. Being located in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of North India, the land is very fertile because low level floods in the Ganges continually replenish the soil. The topography survey of terminal site indicated that the ground levels in the site broadly vary from RL +74.0 to RL +77.0 m. Soil Quality:- Soil samples from surrounding agriculture fields were collected for analysis. pH of the soil samples ranges from 6.9 to 7.7 indicating the soils are neutral to slightly alkaline in nature. Texturally, the 12
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
soils of study area are observed as Sandy Loam, & Clay Loam Soils. The organic Carbon content of soil ranges from 0.44 to 0.52 % (as 0.76 to 0.90% Organic Matter), thereby implying that soils are medium in organic content. Available Nitrogen content in the surface soils ranges between 193.4 to 262.8-kg/ha. Available Phosphorus content ranges between 11.5 & 16.2-kg/ha. Available potassium content in these soils ranges between168.8 to 245.7-kg/ha. Overall the soil of the study area is moderately fertile. Land use: As per the land use based on satellite image about 57.87% of the land is under cultivation. About 29.85% of the land is under settlement, about 6.2% land is under water bodies and rest of the land is under other uses. Wheat, paddy, jowar and maize cultivation is done in most of the agriculture land. Other crops grown in nearby villages are pulses, vegetables, coriander, chilly and fruits. Geology: Throughout Varanasi, the geological setting is quite similar: near surface are sandy lenses surrounded by clay-silty deposits. This sandy lenses form the shallow aquifers (25-40 m depth below surface, Shukla et al., 2008) with unconfined condition, which is the main water supply of most part of the city. The lateral length of these lenses can be up to some 1000 m. Below the clay-silty layer lie finecoarse sand deposits, which represent the deeper aquifer (60-70 m depth below surface, Shukla et al., 2008). Seismicity: The proposed terminal site falls in Zone –III, which fall in moderate risk zone. Contour Map: The contours in Toposheet have been digitized in the GIS environment and assigned the respective elevation values in meters with reference to the mean sea level. Using the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data, the elevation values has been verified. The range of elevation of this area varies from 55 – 95 m. Biological Environment: The proposed site is devoid of any major plantation. Some agriculture activities were taken up by nearby villagers within the land in the past but these activities have been discontinued now. Now the land is categorized as fallow land. There are about 12 small trees of Khajur (Phoenix sylvestris) and 8 trees of Babool shrubs (Acacia spp.) are present in the identified land. The access road to connect site crosses through the Ralhupur village. This road is pucca upto the Ralhupur village. About 700 m stretch that connect terminal site to Rahlupur village need to be some leveling and widening. Trees of Jamun, Peepal, Babul and Sisham etc are present along this road. Houses and shops also exist along the access road. The access road (700 m stretch that have to develop) is almost clear, only one or two trees of Jamun, is present along the road alignment that may require to be removed. One big tree also requires some chopping for clearing the passes. No significant flora or fauna was observed during the site visit except nilgai wee spotted during site visit.
1.8. Environment and Social Impacts of the Proposed Project Impacts associated with construction phase of phase 1A are only discussed here. Impacts during operation phase will be discussed in EIA study of phase 1B. No major impacts are anticipated due to the project. Impacts are majorly anticipated on air quality, noise levels and aquatic flora & fauna. Mitigation measures are proposed according to the magnitude and significance of impact. Impacts can be reduced/minimized by adopting these mitigation measure while implementation of project.
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DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
1.9. Environmental Management Plan The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the synthesis of all proposed mitigation and monitoring measures, set to a time frame with specific responsibility assigned and follow-up actions defined. EMP is a plan of actions for avoidance, mitigation and management of the negative impacts of the project. Environmental enhancement is also an important component of EMP. A detailed set of mitigation measures have been compiled in view of the likely impacts associated with the proposed phase 1A of the project. Considering all the impacts identified for construction phase of terminal 1A, during the EIA study, mitigation measures are proposed to prevent pollution. Impacts associated with operation phase are not discussed here as the project will not be operationalized after construction of phase 1A and same will be discussed in EIA study of phase 1B. Detailed EMP is given below in table 1.6.
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DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Table 1.6: Environment Management Plan
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
Access road area and proposed terminal area
During design and PreConstruction Stage
Compensat ory /Additional Plantation ( @ Rs 500 per tree for 200 tree) ) Rs 100000
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC1
BIS Project area
During design and PreConstruction Stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
1. Climate 1. Project is unlikely to cause negative effect on climate. However, project can contribute positively for climate
Avoid cutting any tree standing on the Forest proposed terminal site or temporary Conservation Act, 1980 accesses area of 600m length. Prior permission shall be taken for cutting any tree. Compensatory tree planation shall be carried out for any tree cut ( minimum 1:2 ratio) Addition plantation of local variety of tree ( 200 no one row of tree on three side of the terminal land) shall be carried out along boundary of the terminal site
2. Natural Hazard 2. EarthquakeSeismic Zone III i.e., Moderate
Adoption of Relevant IS codes while Applicable designing the civil structures to sustain Standards the earthquake of moderate to high magnitude.
1
It is proposed to set up Social and Environmental Management Unit (SEMU) in IWAI to manager social and environmental aspect of NW1 augmentation. PMC ( Project Management Consultants) anticipated to be appointed for project management and quality check. 15
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Juncture of Access road and Entrance phase 1A terminal site
During design and PreConstruction Stage
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
damage risk zone2 3. Site Preparation : Access road, Construction Camp, Construction Site 3. Improvement of Access road : pavement of the road, Disposal of accumulated
2
Improvement of Access Road: Access road route and alignment (for unpaved area) shall be finalized and submitted to PMC and IWAI for their concurrence. Tree shall not be cut. Alignment shall be suitable adjusted to avoid cutting of
Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, Social Impact Assessment
Part Project Costs
of Contractor.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
IS:1893 (Part 1): 2002 Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings Fifth Revision divides
the Indian subcontinent into five seismic zones ( II to V) depending on the magnitude and damage intensity of seismic activity. 16
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component Municipal Solid Waste3 : Loss of Agricultural land, loss of tree, air and noise pollution
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
the tree. If unavoidable, than tree shall requirements be cut with due permission from concerned district/forests authorities. Trimming of the large tree standing close to the site shall be done as minimum as possible. Provision shall be made for dust suppression during its use. Provision shall be made (safety boards, speed control, traffic guards) to prevent accident. Survival rate of tree shall be regularly monitored. It is shall be minimum 70%.
Municipal Solid Waste Management : Arrangement shall be made for identifying the area requiring clearing the municipal solid waste and notify to 3
Substantial municipal solid waste is disposed at the entrance and around the proposed terminal site requiring proper management of the same.
17
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
4. Setting of Labor Camps : Loss of agriculture land, contamination
IWAI. The site should be minimum 1000 m distance from the river bank, residential area and sensitive areas like hospitals, school and temples. Arrangement shall be made for segregation of waste into recyclable, compostable and non-compostable waste. Resalable/recyclable waste shall be sold off to authorized agencies.. Compostable waste shall be sent for composting and non-compostablee waste shall be disposed off to designated land fill site. If designated land fill site not available, then land fill area shall be identified with the help of district authorities and disposed off, following applicable rules and regulations. In case segregation not feasible then it shall be disposed as per Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000. Location of Camp: Agriculture land should not be used for development of construction labour camps. Barren/waste land should be used Site identified by contractor should be approved by the engineers of
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
The Building Other Construction workers (Regulation Employment Conditions
Approxim ate Location
and Labour Camp Locations of and of
Time Frame
During design and PreConstruction Stage
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Approximat Contractor. e Rs 500,000/per camp for sanitation an health
Supervisio n
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
18
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component of land and water resources from municipal waste from Camps, worker’s health, Pressure on natural resources due to establishment of labour camps
Remedial Measure
PMC/IWAI Proper closure, stabilization and rehabilitation of the area should be carried out as soon as the activity is completed No land should be used for above purpose without consent of land owner.
Sanitation and Worker’s Health : Camp shall be well ventilated. It should have adequate provision for illumination, kitchen and safe drinking water facility shall be provided at the camp Adequate bathing and sanitation facilities to be provided at labour camp. Mobile Toilets shall be provided. Soak Pits can be provided only if labour camp is located away from river. Proper drainage to be maintained around the sites to avoid water logging leading to disease Preventive medical care to be provided to workers- six monthly medical checkup should be organized Segregation, collection and disposal of solid waste on regular basis at identified municipal solid waste disposal location. If municipal solid waste site not
Reference to laws and Contract Documents Service) Act 1996 and Cess Act of 1996 and The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof. Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
facilities.
19
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
available than waste shall be land fill following the applicable regulations. Provision shall be made for essential material supply like cooking fuel ( only LPG gas should be used, open burning of fuel should not be allowed) Provision shall be made for day crèche for children 5. Setting up During All these facilities shall be installed at Air (Prevention Site proposed terminal site itself. In case and Control of constructio design and construction Prethese are to be set up away from site Water Pollution) n Camp Camp: Act, 1981 and Construction than these shall be located at minimum Concert Mix Water and distance of 500 m from habitation, Plant, Hot Mix (Prevention and construction water bodies and 1000 m from forest Plant, Control of Water Stage areas. Mechanical Act, All maintenance facilities, hot mix plant Pollution) Workshop, and concrete missing plant shall be 1972 Fuel storages, established with prior consent to Lubricant establish to be obtained from SPCB. storages All such equipment/plant shall be fitted with air pollution control system and shall comply with condition of consent to establish. Periodic monitoring shall be carried as per consent conditions. 4. Site Preparation : Power supply, Water Supply, Drainage and disposal of muck and debris
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Approximat Contractor. e Rs 500,000/per camp for sanitation an health facilities.
Supervisio n
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
20
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component 6. Power supply and Energy Conservation: Air Pollution , energy loss
Remedial Measure
Power shall be sourced from national/state grid. DG sets shall be used only during power failure. Back-up power shall be set up with all provisions of containment for fuel leakages, air pollution control (stack height as per regulation), and with acoustic enclosure. Solar energy shall be used in common lighting area on 1:2 basis. Buildings designed should have green infrastructure. Measures should be taken to conserve energy as per ECBC norms as applicable.
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Energy Conservation Building Code 2007
Constructio n Sites, Access road, and Labour Camp Locations
During design, PreConstruction Stage
Indicative / Mitigation Cost Part Project Costs
Institutional Responsibility
Implementatio n of Contractor.
Supervisio n IWAI/SEM U/PMC
21
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
7. Water Supply, Drainage and effluent discharge
The Area is under safe category as per Central Ground Water Board. However, necessary permission shall be taken from district authorities as applicable before digging the bore well. Staff and visitors should be made aware about water conservation by displaying posters and signage Garland storm water temporary drains shall be developed around the site to prevent any direct discharge of contaminated or soiled water to river. It shall be pass through di-siltation chamber and water collection pit. Collected water shall be used for construction purposes. All washing and maintenance effluent from the workshop area of vehicle maintenance area should darin to separate collection areas fitted with oil and grease trap and de- siltation chamber. The treated water shall be used for dust suppression and green belt development. This water shall not be discharged to river at all.
8. Disposal of piling earth, muck and
Provision shall be made for collection and draining of water for the piling earth. It shall be used for embankment protection or road construction
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Central Ground Water Board, Local regulations.
Constructio n Sites, and Labour Camp Locations
PreConstruction and construction Stage
Terminal area River Bank along the terminal
PreConstruction and construction
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility
Implementatio n Approx. Rs Contractor. 300,000 for constructio n of grease traps and de-siltation chambers
Supervisio n IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Part Project Costs
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
of Contractor.
22
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
debris: depending on its suitability. site Stage Provision shall be made for geo uncontrolled Synthetic Screen for arresting silt disposal may flowing down stream. leads to increased sedimentation of the river. 5. Embankment Design and Construction, Drainage Pattern and Fishermen’s Access to River. 9. River Bank Erosion Protection: Construction of Embankment and construction of jetty : may lead to accumulation of sediments on the updrift side and erosion of the downdrift side . Contamination
Embankment protection measures (stone pitching) shall be made in both upstream and downstream to the extent that erosion is minimized. Erosion monitoring shall be carried out periodically downstream as well. River Bed material shall be tested for contaminants before its use or disposal for land fill site. If any level of heavy metal contamination is found than it shall be disposed off in a secure manner.
River Bank along the terminal site
During design, PreConstruction and construction Stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
23
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component of river water quality and land may happen due to river bed material 10. Drainage Pattern
11. Access to river : restricted movement of fisherman4
4
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility
Natural Drainage pattern of area around shall be maintained. No waste shall be allowed to dumped to industrial effluent Nala flowing adjacent to the terminal site. Its opening to river shall not be obstructed in any manner.
Constructio n Sites, Access road, and Labour Camp Locations
PreConstruction Stage and construction stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Fishing activities are seen in the river close to site. Arrangement shall be made to provide free access to river and undisturbed safe movement of the fishermen.
Terminal site and area around
Construction Stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Implementatio n
Supervisio n
Fishing activities are seen. Local fisherman are seen fishing close to river areas. They access the river from small temporary access around the site.
24
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
6. Construction Material Sourcing 12. Borrow areas for sourcing earth for filling as required (erosion, loss of productive land, land degradation, air pollution)
Non-productive lands, barren lands, raised lands; wastelands shall be used for borrowing earth with the necessary permissions/consents. Agricultural areas not to be used as borrow areas unless requested by the landowner for lowering the land for making it cultivable. Excavation depth should not exceed 1.5 m bgl Environmental Clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority and required permission from District Magistrate shall be obtained prior to excavation. Copy of this permission shall be submitted to IWAI before start of excavation. Record of location, area, accessibility to the location and photograph of borrow area should be maintained prior to excavation Site selected for borrow area should be approved by PMC & IWAI expert prior to excavation Ridges of not less than 8m width will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. Small drains will be cut through
IRC Guidelines All on borrow areas Identified and for quarries. Borrow sites EIA Notification 2006( under Environmental Protection Act and Rules, 1986; )
During design and PreConstruction Stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
25
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Quarries for sourcing stone and aggregates (loss of productive land, land degradation, air pollution. Any illegal quarrying may lead to land use change, unstable rock formation)
the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal). Topsoil to be stockpiled and protected for use at the rehabilitation stage. Rehabilitation shall be satisfactorily undertaken immediately after the use has ceased and at least three weeks prior to monsoon. Unpaved surfaces used for the haulage of borrow materials to be maintained. Transportation of earth materials shall be through covered vehicles. Aggregates required for embankment stone pitching and roads shall be procured from licensed quarries. It shall be ensures that selected quarries are having requisite environment clearance, and comply with Air Pollution Control and Noise level requirements as per the law. Copy of Environmental Clearance letter and Consent to Operate and shall Be obtained and submitted to IWAI. Material shall be transported under covered trucks only. No new quarry shall be opened
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
EIA Notification Quarry Site 2006( under Environmental Protection Act and Rules, 1986; )
Time Frame
During design and PreConstruction Stage
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Part Project Costs
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
of Contractor
Supervisio n
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
26
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
Wild Life ( In and During the Part Protection ) Act, Around design and project 1972 Project Site Construction costs stage
of SEMU through DFO
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Wild Life ( In and During the Part Protection ) Act, Around design and project 1972 Project Site Construction costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
without due permissions. Each Quarry shall be visited prior to its selection to ensure its compliance with lease conditions, EC and consent conditions. Stone crushers, if required, shall be set up only after consent from SPCB and taking adequate measures for air pollution control 7. Protection of Flora and Fauna
13. Protection of Tortoise : Increased sedimentation downstream of construction site
14. Terrestrial Fauna: increase in
Tortoise Sanctuary is located at about 1.9 Km from site. Necessary permission shall be obtained from National Board of Wild Life prior to start of construction No movement of tortoise is reported upward to the site. No harm shall be caused to these tortoise in case any tortoise is sited. Necessary caution notice shall be displaced and conveyed to all construction workers and officers. Geo-Textile synthetic sheet curtain shall be placed around pilling and construction area to prevent movement of sediments and construction waste. Caution sign shall be placed to prevent hunting of wild animal and birds. Provision shall be made for strict
27
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component hunt tendency5
15. Vegetation loss due to site preparation and construction activities
16. Effect on Aquatic life
5
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
penalty for hunting these animals. High noise construction work shall not be made in night. Tree shall not be cut as much as Forest possible. Any tree cut shall be Conservation compensated with compensatory tree Act, 1980 plantation at 1:2 basis. Tree plantation shall be made as feasible at site and around the site depending on land availability. Provision of LPG shall be made in construction site camp and labour camp as fuel source to avoid tree cutting. Proper arrangement of lighting should be made at site and construction labour camp Open burning of fuel for any purpose should not be allowed at the site No breeding ground is noticed around the project site. However construction activity shall be restricted during
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
stage
In and Around Project Site and labour camp
During the Part design and project Construction Costs stage
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Terminal constructio n site
During the Part design and project Construction Costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Peacock and Wild Neel Gai are sited next to project site. 28
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component such as Fish, Plankton6
Remedial Measure
spawning period of June to August. Sedimentation and siltation shall be prevented/ controlled to maintain productivity of aquatic ecosystem and ensure availability of food for aquatic fauna & flora.
8. Air Quality 17. Fugitive Dust Transport of loose and fine materials through covered vehicles. Generation due Loading and unloading of construction to construction materials in covered area. activities Approach roads shall be paved and widened. Water spraying on earthworks, unpaved haulage roads, other dust prone areas and construction yard. Make Provision of PPEs like face mask to workers. 18. Exhaust gas emissions from machinery and vehicular traffic.
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Regular maintenance shall be carried out of machinery and equipment. Periodic Ambient air quality monitoring shall be carried out. DG sets to be fitted with stacks of adequate height and low sulphur diesel to be used in DG sets as well as in
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
Part of project Costs
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
stage
Environmental Protection Act, 1986 and amendments thereof; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof Environmental Protection Act, 1986 and amendments thereof; The Air (Prevention and
Constructio During the n sites, Construction Loading stage areas, storage areas,
Constructio During the n camps Construction and sites, stage concrete mixing plant, DG sets
Part of project Costs
6
The floodplain fisheries are dominated by major and minor carps viz, Labio rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, L. bata, Puntius sps. and catfishes viz. H. fossilis, Mystus sps, etc. and fishes of family Clupeidae, Notopteridae and a mix of many other families. 29
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
machineries. Monitoring of air quality for PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, and CO shall be carried out quarterly at construction site. Stack monitoring shall be carried out every month at the site. 19. Emissions at Efforts shall be made to move construction material early morning and access road : late evening period. avoidance of Traffic regulators ( Guard) shall be traffic Jams7 posted in habitat area and at key junction areas to avoid congestion 9. Noise and Vibration 20. Noise from All equipment to be timely serviced and properly maintained to minimize its construction operational noise. vehicle, Construction equipment and machinery equipment and to be fitted with silencers and machinery. maintained properly. Provision of temporary noise barrier 7
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
-
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Control of locations Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof -do-
Access road During the Construction stage
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and amendments thereof
Constructio n Site and accesses road.
Do -
During the Part Construction project stage Costs
The roads connecting the proposed sites is narrow and also passes through habitat area. Traffic remains heavy.
30
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
Approximat ely Rs 25000 for five caution boards @ Rs 5000 per board
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
near habitat areas during construction phase. Protection devices (ear plugs or ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines. Speed control shall be enforced in habitat areas. The ambient noise level as per CPCB standard is 55 dB(A) and 45 db(A). Current noise level at habitat area meets the standard Noise monitoring day and night at site, labour camp and access road area shall be carried quarterly to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures. 10. Land-use and Landscape 21. Land use Change and Loss of productive/top soil
Efforts shall be made to improve the Design aesthetic of the area. No construction requirement waste or other wastes shall be dumped at unidentified areas. Caution board in local language shall be placed at different locations to prevent dumping of Municipal solid waste and other waste all around the project site areas which is happening substantially at present.
Around During project site construction area and Stage borrow area
Compensatory tree plantation for loss of 31
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
trees. Top soil shall be preserved and laid over either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion or spread over in the proposed plantation areas.
22. Soil erosion due to construction activities, earthwork
23. Soil erosion at earth stockpiles
Land earmarked for dumping of construction waste shall be free from any social and R&R issue and away from settlements. Provision of cross drainage structure shall be made in the access road if required to maintain the natural drainage pattern. Provision of side drain shall be made in access road if required to prevent water logging. Measures like building of scouring protection structures, protection by geotextiles matting etc shall be made, if river bank erosion is found around the terminal area. Bio-turfing of embankments shall be made enhance the slop stabilization. The earth stockpiles to be provided with gentle slopes to prevent soil erosion.
Access road Construction and river stage bank
Part project costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
At earth stockpiles
Part project
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Construction stage
32
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Fuel and lubricants to be stored at the predefined storage location. Storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. Provision of “oil interceptors” at washdown and re-fuelling areas. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized vendors. Movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route. 11. Water Resources
24. Compaction and contamination of soil due to movement of vehicles and equipment
25. Depletion of Groundwater resources due to unregulated abstraction for construction purpose
Preference shall be given to source water from rivers wherever feasible in the project area with due permission from authorities. . Augmentation through incorporating water harvesting structures if technically feasible. Construction of check dams in consultation with community to reduce burden on ground water resources.
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Terminal site
Time Frame
Pre construction and construction stage.
During Construction stage
Indicative / Mitigation Cost costs Part of project costs
Part project costs
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
of Contractor,
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
33
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Efforts to restrict water intensive activities during summer period (April, May, June) 26. Increase in The piling work shall be undertaken during low flow period. water Siltation Restoration of changes in the stream, if levels due to any, made during construction to its construction of original level. terminal and Precautions shall be made that no nala contamination or canal is clogged. due to disposal Substructure construction should be of domestic limited to the dry season and waste cofferdams may be constructed and utilized to lift the spoil directly out of it and carried to the riverbank for land disposal. Mobiel toilets with anaerobic digestion facility shall be fixed at construction site. No domestic waste shall be discharged to river. 12. Accident and Safety Risks
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Terminal Site
Time Frame
During Construction stage
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Part project costs
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
of Contractor
Supervisio n
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
34
DRAFT EIA Report-Phase 1A of MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Motor Contractors to adopt and maintain safe Central working practices. and Vehicle Usage of fluorescent signage, in local Act 1988 language at the construction sites EP Act 1986 Training shall be provided to workers, Noise Rules 2002 especially machinery operators, on safety procedures and precautions. The contractors to appoint a safety officer mandatory. At every work place, a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials, a mode of transport (ambulance), nursing staff, and doctor to be provided. Required PPE shall be provided to workers. Half yearly medical check-up shall be carried of the workers and summary report shall be submitted to PMC 13. Shifting of Common Property Resources and other Utilities Shifting of As per assessment no such shifting is community involved. However if any shifting is properties and involved it shall done at suitable utilities location with the concurrence from local authorities and community. 27. Accident risk from construction activities
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Constructio n sites
Construction period
Part project costs
Project Area
PreConstruction
Part Project Costs
Institutional Responsibility
Implementatio n of Contractor
Supervisio n IWAI/SEM U/PMC
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
35
1.10 Environment Monitoring Plan A comprehensive monitoring plan has been prepared and described below in Table 1.7. The objective of environmental monitoring during the construction and operation phases is to compare the monitored data against the baseline condition collected during the study period to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and the protection of the ambient environment based on national standards. A monitoring schedule has also been prepared based on the environmental components that may be affected during the construction phase of the project. Environmental monitoring plan for operation stage will be discussed in EIA study to be carried out for phase 1B of terminal. Table 1.7: Environment Monitoring Plan
S. Aspect No.
Parameters to be monitored
1.
Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, (Ambient & SO2, NO2,HC Stack) and CO
2.
Surface Water Quality Drinking water Quality
Physical, chemical and biological Physical, chemical and biological
Noise Level
Day time and night time noise level
3.
4.
No of Standard methods sampling for smapling and locations & analysis frequency Construction Period Four Sites Fine Particulate including Samplers for project site and PM2.5 3 other sites Respirable Dust within 2 km of Sampler fitted terminal site PM10 Once in a Respirable Dust month Sampler fitted withGaseous sampling arrangements forSO2 and NO2, CO analyser /portable CO meterfor COportable HC meter or tubes for HC;TO-14A, TO15, USEPA method for sampling and analysis of VOCs in ambient air River Ganga & Grab sampling and Gurha Nallah analysis by using Once a month standard methods Drinking water Grab sampling and fro labour analysis by using camps standard methods Once a month Construction Noise meter labour camp, construction
Role & Responsibility Implemen tation
Supervision
Contractor
IWAI PMC
&
Contractor
IWAI PMC
&
Contractor
IWAI PMC
&
Contractor
IWAI PMC
&
EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
(max, min & siteand 2 Leq levels) locations within 2 km of terminal site Once a month Soil Quality Soil texture, Construction type, site, labour Electricalcond camps and uctivity, pH, debris disposal infiltration, site porosity, etc., Once in 6 months Soild & Physical & Construction Hazardous Chemical site, labour Waste characteristics camps and Management debris disposal site Daily Wastewater Physical, Construction Management chemical and site & labour biological camps Once a month Plantation Plantation At plantation survival rate site (terminal site & afforestation site) Soil Erosion --Upstream & downstream of terminal site
10.
Aquatic ecology
Phytoplankton , Zooplankton
11.
Integrity of --embankment
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
Collection and analysis of samples asper IS 2720
Contractor
IWAI PMC
&
MSW Rules, 2000, Hazardous Waste & Management Rules, 2008
Contractor
IWAI PMC
&
--
Contractor
IWAI PMC
&
Survey, counting, Contractor recording & reporting
IWAI PMC
&
Survey & Contractor observation; Extent and degree of erosion; Structures for controlling soil erosion River Ganga & Plankton net of Contractor Gurha Nallah diameter of 0.35 m, Once a month No.25 mesh size 63 and analysis byusing standard methods. Upstream & Survey & Contractor downstream of observation; Extent terminal site and degree of erosion; Structures for controlling soil erosion
IWAI PMC
&
IWAI PMC
&
IWAI PMC
&
37
EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
2. INTRODUCTION 2.1. Prelude The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) came into existence on 27th October 1986 for development and regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation. The Authority primarily undertakes projects for development and maintenance of Inland water transport (IWT) infrastructure on national waterways through grant received from Ministry of Shipping. The head office of the Authority is at Noida. The Authority also has its regional offices at Patna, Kolkata, Guwahati and Kochi and suboffices at Allahabad, Varanasi, Bhaglapur, Farakka, Hemnagar, Dibrugarh (Assam), Kollam, Chennai and Vijayawada(A.P.). Five waterways have been declared by IWAI for facilitating inland water transportation and are listed below:
NW-1 -The Ganga (Haldia to Allahabad-1620 km) NW-2- The Brahmaputra (Dhubri to Sadiya-891 km) NW-3 The West Coast Canal (Kottampuram to Kollam with Udyogmandal and Champakara canals- 205 km) NW-4- The Kakinda-Puducherry stretch of Canals with Godavari & Krishna Rivers (1078 km) NW-5-The East CoastCanal with Brahami Rivet and Mahanadi Delta (588 km)
IWAI, to improve the inland water transportation system in country has proposed a project “Capacity Augmentation of the Nation Waterway 1 (1620 kms, with minimum water depth of 2.5-3 m) between Haldia and Allahabad”. National Waterway 1 has the potential to form the most economic, reliable, safe and environmentally friendly form of transport. Map showing national waterway 1 is given below in figure 2.1.
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Figure 2.1 Google Map Showing the Alignment of NW-1
Under this project, IWAI for improvement of navigation facilities has proposed to develop a multimodal inland water terminal at Varanasi. This terminal will provide the berthing facility for ship and loading and unloading facility for the goods. Each of this kind of facility under this project will have associated social and environmental impacts, requiring effective mitigation measures for its elimination and minimization. Thus a detailed environmental social impact assessment study is carried out for assessing the impacts associated with development and operation of the proposed terminal. EIA report covers in detail the environmental and social aspects of the proposed terminal during both construction/development stage and operation stage.
2.2. Project Background IWAI has planned to develop a multimodal terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P. As per planning, this terminal will be connected to rest of the city vide roads and railways both. An access road will be developed to connect the terminal with national highway 7. Internal road of 12 m width will be developed within the terminal to facilitate smooth movement. Terminal will also be connected to the DFC corridor from Mugalsarai to Bhaupur (under planning of DFCCIL). The terminal will be developed in phases. At present phase 1A is being progressed. In the phase 1A the terminal shall handle about 4,000 to 5,000T per day which is expected to go, about 60,000T per day by 2038. Material to be handled will be coal, cement, stone chips, and fertilizer and food grains. IWAI has appointed EQMS-IRG-ABNAKI Consortium to carry out the detailed environmental impact assessment study for proposed multimodal inland water terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi.
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
2.3. Project Brief Multimodal Inland water terminal is proposed to be located at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P along River Ganga. The terminal is proposed with the ambit to enhance the navigational facility for NW-1 under project “Capacity Augmentation of the Nation Waterway 1 (1620 kms, with minimum water depth of 2.53 m) between Haldia and Allahabad” The proposed project site falls in Ramnagar Municipal Board of Varanasi district. The proposed terminal is along RamanagarBridge which is approximately 700 m from National Highway -7. Terminal site for phase 1A covers area of app. 5.685 ha. GangaRiver flows in the West direction and a stream called Gurha Nallah flows into the river and surrounds the site in East and South direction. Project is surrounded by open land. Geographical coordinates for the project is given in table 2.1 below. Map showing location of proposed terminal is given in Figure 2.2&2.3.
Table 2.1: Geographical Coordinates of Project Site Point
Longitude
Latitude
A B C D E F G H I
25°15'12.80"N 25°15'13.99"N 25°15'13.70"N 25°15'7.90"N 25°15'4.58"N 25°15'3.38"N 25°15'3.13"N 25°15'1.59"N 25°15'0.90"N
83° 1'49.33"E 83° 1'51.68"E 83° 1'56.68"E 83° 1'55.45"E 83° 1'57.32"E 83° 1'57.34"E 83° 1'53.82"E 83° 1'54.14"E 83° 1'51.59"E
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Figure 2.2: Google Map Showing Site Location
At present, proposed project site is accessible through existing kachha road which connects to NH-7 through village road (pakka). In future (later phases) an approach road from the site will be developed which will be directly connected to NH-7 for which land measuring 0.592 ha will be required to acquire. Nearest railway station in Jeonathpur which is at 4.0 kms distance from terminal site in SE direction. Connectivity will be made from terminal to connect to existing IR track and proposed DFC track in future at Jeonathpur in later phases. Nearest airport is LalBahadurShastriAirport at distance of app. 30 km in NW direction. There are 2 fixed terminals at Farkka and Pakur, low & high level jetty at Patna, GR jetty in Kolkata and 18 floating terminals enroute NW-1. Facilities proposed at the site are 2 nos of berths for the cargo (100 m wide each), loading & unloading bay, passenger jetty, Electrical sub-station (ESS), power back up and sanitation facility.
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Figure 2.3: Location Map of Varanasi Terminal
2.4. Need for the Proposed Project Inland Water Transport (IWT) offers a cost effective, environment friendly and fuel efficient mode, especially for bulk cargo, hazardous goods and over dimensional cargo – so vital for industrial development. Also as per report issued by European Conference of ministry of transport (ECMT), social cost of air pollution, noise pollution, land coverage, construction/maintenance and accidents for water transport is least when compared to road and rail transport. Water transport has no or least impact in noise pollution, accidents and land coverage. Till middle of 20thcentury, IWT had been used as an important mode of transportation in various parts of the country. However the IWT in an organized manner is significantly seen today only in a few areas e.g. Goa, Assam, West Bengal and Mumbai, apart from Ganga, Brahamaputra and Champakara and Udyogmandal canals. It is however, heartening that transportation of goods by IWT mode in these regions has been steadily increasing and has gone up to 70.00 million tonne (4.755 btkm) in 2011-12 from the level of 32.48 million tonne (1.63 btkm) in 200304.
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Inland Water Transport (IWT) on NW-1 has the potential to form the most economic, reliable, safe and environmentally friendly form of transport. Where developed for use by modern inland water-way vessels operating on dependable rights of way, it can reduce investment needs in rail and road infrastructure, promote greater complementarities in the economic strategies the riparian states, enhance intra-regional trade and, through increased economies of scale, significantly reduce transport costs for the benefit of the entire economy and India’s global trade competitiveness. With increase in potential interest of shippers for transporting material including coal, fly-ash, food grains, cement, stone chips, and edible oil via NW-1, there is an urgent need for operationalzing the entire NW-1 stretch to meet this demand. At present, several power companies have initiated action for setting up Thermal Power projects and extensive movement of Over Dimensional Cargo (ODC), imported coal for NTPC projects is planned to be done on NW-1 during the next 4 - 5 years. With the objective of improving the navigation and navigation facility at NW-1, IWAI has proposed project “Capacity Augmentation of the Nation Waterway 1 (1620 kms, with minimum water depth of 2.5-3 m) between Haldia and Allahabad”. This will significantly reduce transportation cost for shippers, reduces congestion and accidents on highways and provide savings in carbon emissions for traffic on NW-1. Permanent Multimodal Inland Water Terminal Project at Ramnagar, Varanasi is proposed under this project and is proposed with an ambit to improve navigation facility and infrastructure in NW-1. This multi-modal terminal will connect the major highways, i.e. NH-7 & 2 and DFC track and will facilitate the transportation of goods in costeffective and green manner. Due to land constraints, terminal will be developed in phases. At present 5.685 ha of land has been acquired thus phase 1A of the terminal is being progressed.
2.5. Need of Study The proposed multimodal inland water terminal project is highly beneficial and will significantly contribute to the internal trade in the country. Rivers connects the major ports to the hinterlands and facilitates the transportation of goods all across the country. But the terminal project has associated environmental and social impacts requiring effective mitigation measures for elimination and minimization. Thus a detailed environment social impact assessment study has been carried out for the project to assess the impacts of the project in the design stage so that adequate mitigation measures can be proposed and implemented during the construction and operation phase to ensure environmentall and socially sound implementation of the project. The project is being developed with financial aid of World Bank. Thus the EIA study has been carried out in accordance with the operational policies of World Bank, Environment Impact Assessment Guidance Manual on Ports and Harbours and Guidelines of MoEF for carrying out EIA studies from time to time. As per the World Bank Policy O.P.4.01, development of the terminal is classified as ‘Category A’ project which requires a detailed environment assessment study prior development of zone to identify the potential threats of project to environment and to frame mitigation and environment management plan to reduce the negative impact of the project.
2.6. Scope and Methodology of the Study For the purpose of environmental assessment, area within 10 km radial zone of the proposed project have been studied and classified as Study Area. Following methodology has been adopted for the EIA study:
Collection of primary and secondary baseline information
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Analysis of project component and its activities with respect to environmental aspects
Public consultation to identify their concern and acceptance to the project
Analysis of Alternatives
Impact assessment and identification of mitigation measures for elimination, or minimisation of impacts
Assessment of institutional aspects, and development of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan.
Identification of sources of pollution during construction and operation phases of the project at the proposed site
Identification of utilisation of resources obtained during construction and operation phases of the project
Assessment of extent of pollution and resource utilisation in the proposed area
Recommend measures to optimise resource utilisation
Develop an environmental monitoring plan to ensure effective implementation of the environmental management plan
2.7. Limitation of the Study The present EIA Report has been prepared based on the Primary field investigations / assessment, and secondary data from data collected from Inland Waterways Authority of India, Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Indian Meteorological Department, Banaras Hindu University, Public Works Department (PMGSY Department), Ganga Pollution Unit, Kashi Turtle Sanctuary, Varanasi Development Authority, Sarnath Turtle Research Institute, UP Jal Nigam, Public Health & Engineering Department, Jalkal Vibhag, Irrigation Department, U.P., Collectorate, Statistic Department, Forest Department and published journals, and books, public consultation and site observations. The environmental and social assessment is based on the information collected from the various Agencies, community consultations and observations. Professional judgement and subjective interpretation of facts and observations has been applied for the preparation of the EIA Report. Since the project is under planning stage, final plans for terminal, road and railway connectivity is under process.
2.8. Structure of the Report The EIA report contains project features, baseline environmental conditions, assessment of environmental impacts, and formulation of mitigation measures along with environmental management and monitoring plan. The report includes the following chapters:
Chapter 1: Executive Summary The executive summary gives the synopsis of the EIA Report.
Chapter 2: Introduction This chapter provides background information of the project proponent, need for the EIA study as per prevailing legislation, Location and brief description of the project, methodology adopted for EIA study and structure of the report.
Chapter 3: Legislative, regulation and policy consideration This chapter deals with the details of the potential legal, administrative, planning and policy framework which have been referred in the preparation of the EIA Report.
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Chapter 4: Project Description This chapter deals with the details of the proposed EZ such as location, connectivity, project requirements, Infrastructure development, environmental consideration, project cost, implementation schedule, etc.
Chapter5: Environmental and Social Baseline This Chapter describes the baseline environmental conditions around the project site for various environmental attributes, viz. physical, biological and socio-economic, within the 10 km radial zone, which is termed as the study area. Topography, soil, water, meteorology, air, noise, and land constitute the physical environment, whereas flora and fauna constitute the biological environment. Demographic details and occupational pattern in the study area constitute socio-economic environment. Baseline environmental conditions are based on the information collected from the various agencies and the secondary data collected from published sources.
Chapter 6: Environmental Impacts This chapter details the inferences drawn from the environmental impact assessment of the proposed project. It describes the overall impacts of the project activities and underscores the areas of concern, which need mitigation measures.
Chapter 7: Public Consultation and Disclosure Meeting This Chapter provides an insight into the process & methodology followed for carrying out the public consultation meetings in study area and proceedings of pubic consultations
Chapter8: Environmental Management Plan and Monitoring Indicators This Chapter provides mitigation and control measures to attenuate and/or eliminate environmental impacts, which are likely to be caused by the proposed project. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed to mitigate the potential adverse impacts and to strengthen the beneficial impacts. This chapter also provides the environmental monitoring plan proposed for the project.
2.9. References List of secondary data used for carrying out EIA study and preparation of EIA report is given at table 2.2.
Table 2.2: Reference Used for EIA Study S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
Reference Government Departments Inland Waterways Authority of India Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board Indian Meteorological Department Banaras Hindu University Public Works Department (PMGSY Department) Ganga Pollution Unit Kashi Turtle Sanctuary Varanasi Development Authority Sarnath Turtle Research Institute UP Jal Nigam Public Health & Engineering Department Jalkal Vibhag Irrigation Department, U.P.
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
14. 15. 16. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
12. 13.
1. 2. 1. 2.
Collectorate Statistic Department Forest Department Journals & Books Singh A, Department of Botany, BHU “Observation on the vascular wall flora of Banaras Hindu University Campus, India”`` Current status of River Ganges – October 2008 Socio- economic Status of fishers of ganga river – November 2009 Ecology status and production dynamics of wetlands of uttar Pradesh – May 2004 Ecodynamics and fishery status of upper stretch of river Yamuna and associated canals – September 2003 Fisheries of the Hooghly-Matlah estuarine system – An appraisal – Feb 1997 Health of inland aquatic resources and its impact on fisheries – Feb 2014 The ecology and fishery status of river Yamuna – Feb 2014 The status of river ganges in the middle stretch – Nov 2008 Present status of hilsa in Hooghly-bhagirathi river – June 2012 Assessment of Water Quality of River Ganga along Ghats in Varanasi City, U. P., India. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 04, No. 04, August 2011, pp. 698-711, Tarence Thomas, Meenu Mishra, H. Thomas, Arun A. David, Ram Bharose and D. Venkat Reddy, School Of Forestry And Environment, Sam Higginbottom Institute Of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, (Formerly-Allahabad Agricultural Institute), Deemed-To-Be-University, Allahabad, 211 007, (U.P.), India Department Of Applied Geology, Dr. H. S. G. Central University, Sagar, (M.P.) India Department Of Civil Engineering, National Institute Of Technology, Surathkal (Nitk) Srinivasanagar-575025, Mangalore Existing Studies Forest Working Plan, Kashi Van Vibhagh Turtle Conservation Plan, Kashi Van Vibhagh Others Site visits Lab Analysis Report
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
3. LEGISLATIVE, REGULATION AND POLICY CONSIDERATION 3.1. Regulatory Requirements for the Proposed Project The Government of India has framed various laws and regulation for protection and conservation of natural environment. These legislations with applicability to this project are summarized below in the table 3.1.
Table 3.1: Applicability of Key Environmental Legislation at a Glance Name Environment Protection Act-1986 and Rules 1987-2006 various Environment Notification, 2006 and amendments
Key Requirement
Applicability Acts/Rules To protect and improve Applicable at stage of full overall environment terminal development. Not applicable at phase 1A since cargo handling stage will come at next stage development. To protect the Separate environment environment from the clearance should be taken for impacts of new , borrow areas and quarries as modernization and applicable expansion projects listed in schedule 1 of EIA report, 2006 To protect forest by Not Applicable. No forest restricting conversion of land is diverted. Permission forested areas into non- for tree cutting may be forested areas and required if any tree is cut. but deforestation permission may be required from Forest Department
The Forest (Conservation) Act 1927 The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and amendments The Forest (conversion) Rules 1981 and amendments Forest Conservation Rules, 2003 Wild Life To protect wildlife Protection Act, through notifying 1972 National Parks and Sanctuaries and buffer areas around these zones Air (Prevention To control air pollution
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Applicable, proposed terminal site falls within 10 km radius of the Kashi Turtle Sanctuary which is 2.3 kms in North direction Applicable for proposed
Remarks SEIAA, UP.
SEIAA, U.P.
Forest Department, MoEFCC
Chief Conservator Wildlife, Wildlife Wing, Forest Department, MoEFCC SPCB
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
and Control of Pollutants from the terminal construction project, Pollution) Act, construction and borrow areas, new quarry 1981 operation activities sites, hot mix plants, batching plants etc. Water Prevention To control water Applicable for proposed and Control of pollution Pollutants terminal construction project, Pollution) Act, from the construction borrow areas, new quarry 1974 and operation activities sites, hot mix plants, batching plants etc. Noise Pollution The standards for noise Applicable for all construction (Regulation and for day and night have and operation phase activities Control Act) 2000 been promulgated by the and amendment till MoEFCC for various date land uses. Hazardous Wastes The rules prescribe the Applicable for managing (Management details of management hazardous waste that can be Handling and of hazardous industrial generated during construction Trans-boundary) solid wastes from its & operation phase Rules, 2008 generation to final . disposal (cradle to grave) and fixes responsibilities on the generator, the transporter and the disposal agent. Chemical Requirement of Not Applicable Accidents preparation of on-site (Emergency and off-site Disaster Planning, Management Plans for Preparedness and accident-prone areas. Response) Rules, 1996 Ancient Conservation of cultural Monuments and and historical remains Archaeological found in India Sites and Remains Act, 1958
Not Applicable for stretches located within 300 m of such monument. Ramnagar Fort is located within 2 kms of terminal site in North direction
Public Liability Protection form Not Applicable and Insurance Act hazardous materials and 1991 accidents. Explosive 1984
Act Safe storage
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SPCB
SPCB
State Government and SPCB
State Government and SPCB
Archaeological Dept Gol, Indian Heritage Society and Indian National Trust for Art and Culture Heritage (INTACH). -
transportation, Applicable only if large Chief Controller and use of quanitiy of fuel is stored. Explosives
of
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
explosive material Petroleum 2002
Rules, Use and Storage Petroleum products
Central Motor Vehicle Act 1988 Central Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989 and amendments till date Merchant Shipping Act, 1958
of Applicable
Chief Controller Explosives/DC
To check vehicular air Applicable, for construction Motor and noise pollution. vehicles Department
To prevent pollution Applicable from ships beyond 5 km
of
Vehicle
IWAI
Resettlement and Procedure of land Applicable, Compensation to Revenue Department, Rehabilitation Act, acquisition, resettlement be given to land owner as land to be acquired for 2013 and rehabilitation of prescribed in the rule approach road, railway people connectivity, remaining terminal facilities etc. Prevention of Collision on national Waterways Regulations, 2002 National Waterways, Safety of Navigation and Shipping Regulations, 2002 The National Waterway-1 Act, 1982
Regard to precautions required by the ordinary practice of Seamen and limitation of the vessel
Applicable for second stage of IWAI development of the terminal for all the vessel plying in National Waterway
ensuring safety of navigation and shipping on the national waterways
Applicable for second stage of IWAI development of the terminal for all the vessel plying in National Waterway
Provision for regulation and development of that river for purpose of shipping and navigation on the NW-1 and for the matters connected therewith or incidental thereto New Inland Vessel Economical and safe Act, 2015 & Rules transportation through Under IV Act inland waters
Applicable for second stage of IWAI development of the terminal for all the vessel plying in National Waterway
OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment
Applicable for second stage of development of the terminal for all the vessel plying in National Waterway World Bank’s Safeguards Ensures sustainability Triggers and environmental feasibility of the project. Projects are classified
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IWAI
Project classified as Category A considering nature of activities and impacts
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
OP 4.04 Natural habitats
OP 4.36 Forests
OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement
OP 4.10 Indigenous people
into A, B & C category depending on the nature and extent of the impact. Ensures conservation of Triggered natural habitats and discourages disturbance of nay natural habitat due to project development by recommending adoption of alternative method/route/approach or adopting management measures
Ensures that project Riggers activities does not disturbs/interfere with the forest, forest dwellers activities, fauna and flora of the forest. Prevents and discourages deforestation and impacts on rights of forest dependant people. Ensures minimal Triggers involuntary resettlement by considering feasible alternatives project design, assisting displaced people to improve their former living standard. Ensures protection of Not Triggers the dignity, right and cultural uniqueness of indigenous people and ensures they receive social and economic benefits
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Applicable for projects lying in close vicinity to eco-sensitive zones like wildlife sanctuary, wetlands under Ramsar convention, national parks bird sanctuary, turtle breeding grounds etc. Kashi Turtle Sanctuary lies at 2.0 kms distance from project site in North direction No diversion of forest land is involved. Permission will be required for felling trees
Should be carried out as per the Law of land. Land acquisition will be carried out for acquiring land for approach road and railway connectivity and remaining terminal facilities No indigenous group of people will be affected
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
OP 4.11 Ensures preservation of Physical Cultural property of cultural and Resources religious importance, heritage and property of natural importance and enhancement of cultural properties
Not Triggers
No property of cultural and religious importance, heritage and property of natural importance located at the project site and within 300 m from project site. Ramnagar Fort is located at distance of 2.3 kms in North direction from Terminal site.
3.2. Type of the Project The Environmental requirements for projects seeking financial assistance from World Bank are based on a three-part classification system and are specified in detail in its Operational Policy (OP) 4.01. Category A- Projects with significant environmental impacts and requiring a full Environmental Assessment (EA), Category B - Projects with moderate environmental impacts and requiring a environmental assessment,
lesser level of
Category C - Projects which require no environmental analysis. Proposed Project involves development of the multimodal inland water terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P. Project will have its associated environmental and social impact. It is expected that project will have long term and significant impact on aquatic life, drainage pattern, and surface water quality of the river and quality of life of people. Thus the project will be classified under Category A and a detailed assessment is required to be carried to assess the impacts so that mitigation measures can be proposed accordingly.
3.3. Clearances Required As per the applicable laws/acts/rules and guidelines, DFCCIL is required to obtain the clearances from concerned department at various stages. Table below, enlist all the permits/NOC required to be taken at different stages of project by DFCCIL. (Table 3.2)
Table 3.2 Summary of Clearance and NOC S. No.
Type of Clearance
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Statutory Authority
Applicability
Project Stage
Responsibility
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
1.
Prior Environmental SEIAA clearance under EIA Notification, 2006
Applicable for Preborrow area, if any construction and second phase of the development of terminal PreMaterial from construction licensed quarry only should be sourced
IWAI
2
Permission for Archaeological NA for this project. Preactivities near Survey of India No archaeological construction archaeological sites (ASI) site located within 300 m from terminal site
IWAI
3
Clearance for Chief Wildlife working/diversion of Warden notified eco-sensitive zones
Applicable. Kashi PreTurtle Sanctuarly construction located at 2.3 km distance from terminal site in North direction
IWAI
4
Forest Clearance
State Forest Applicable, PreDepartment Permission may be construction and MoEFCC required to fell tree for proposed approach road
IWAI
5
NOC and Consents SPCB Under Air, Water, EPA Act and Noise rules of SPCB
For establishing Preterminal, HWM, construction batching plant, crushing unit etc as per requirement
Contractor (SupervisionIWAI)
Material from licensed quarry only should be sourced
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6
Permission to store SPCB hazardous material under Hazardous Waste (Handling Management and Trans-boundary) Rules, 2008
7
Explosive license
8
PUC certificate for use Department of For all construction ConstructionContractor of vehicle for Transportation vehicle prior start of (Supervisionconstruction work IWAI)
Chief Controller explosives
Storage and ConstructionContractor Handling of prior start of (Supervisionhazardous material work IWAI) (Waste Oil)
Storage of ConstructionContractor of explosives (Fuel) prior start of (Supervisionwork IWAI)
3.4. International Conventions, Protocols and Agreements International Maritime Organization Conventions India is member state of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Therefore, all activities relating to shipment through the Port shall have to be done strictly in compliance with the standards set by the IMO, particularly the conventions, protocols and agreements. IMO Conventions/ Protocols are given in table 3.3. Though these would be more relevant at full terminal development stage.
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Table 3.3 International Maritime Conventions, Protocols and Agreements S. No.
Issues
International Maritime Conventions, Protocols and Agreements
Remarks
1.
International Maritime
IMO Convention, 1948
2.
Maritime safety
SOLAS Convention, 1974
The Convention establishing the IMO was adopted in 1948 but the Organization started life as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) until it was changed to the IMO in 1982. The Aims of the IMO include a range of objectives: 1. To provide machinery for cooperation among Governments in the field of governmental regulation and practices relating to technical matters of all kinds affecting shipping engaged in international trade, and to encourage the general adoption of the highest practicable standards in matters concerning maritime safety and efficiency of navigation; 2. To provide for the consideration by the Organization of any matters concerning shipping that may be referred to it by any organ or specialized agency of the United Nations; 3. To provide for the exchange of information among Governments on matters under consideration by the Organization. There have been a series of amendments to the Convention which are 1975 amendments, 1977 amendments, 1991 amendments. The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships. The 1974 version includes the tacit acceptance procedure - which provides that an amendment shall enter into force on a specified date unless, before that date, objections to the amendment are received from an agreed number of Parties. The Convention came into force on May 25, 1980
3.
Measurement of ships
Load Convention,1966
Lines It has long been recognized that limitations on the draught to which a ship may be loaded make a significant contribution to her safety. These limits are given in the form of freeboards, which constitute, besides external weather tight and watertight integrity, the main objective of the Convention.
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4.
Preventing collisions at sea
Convention on International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG), 1972
The 1972 Convention was designed to update and replace the Collision Regulations of 1960 which were adopted at the same time as the 1960 SOLAS Convention. One of the most important innovations in the 1972 COLREGs was the recognition given to traffic separation schemes - Rule 10 gives guidance in determining safe speed, the risk of collision and the conduct of vessels operating in or near traffic separation schemes.
5.
International Maritime Satellite System
Convention on International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT), 1976
IMO recognized the potential for satellite communications to assist in distress situations at sea soon after the launch of the world's first telecommunications satellite, Telstar, in 1962. In February 1966, IMO's Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) decided to study the operational requirements for a satellite communications system devoted to maritime purposes. In 1973, IMO decided to convene a conference with the object of establishing a new maritime communications system based on satellite technology.
6.
Prevention of Pollution International Convention from Ships for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto and by the Protocol of 1997( MARPOL) Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic (FACILITATION), London, 1965
The MARPOL Convention is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes. It is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978 respectively and also includes the Protocol of 1997 (Annex VI). It has been updated by amendments through the years.
The Convention's main objectives are to prevent unnecessary delays in maritime traffic, to aid cooperation between Governments, and to secure the highest practicable degree of uniformity in formalities and other procedures. In particular, the Convention reduces the number of declarations which can be required by public authorities.
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7.
Safety of navigation
8.
Environmental Safety
9.
Standards of Training, International Convention Certification and Watch on Standards of Training, keeping for Seafarers Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers ( STCW ) as amended, including the 1995 and 2010 Manila Amendments Maritime Search and SAR Convention 79 Rescue (SAR)
10.
11.
Safe containers
maritime Convention for The The main purpose of the convention is to ensure that appropriate action is taken Suppression of Unlawful against persons committing unlawful acts against ships. These include: Acts of Violence Against the seizure of ships by force; the Safety of Maritime acts of violence against persons on board ships; and Navigation (SUA the placing of devices on board a ship which are likely to destroy or convention), 1988 damage it. The convention obliges Contracting Governments either to extradite or prosecute alleged offenders. Convention Relating to Contracting States are empowered to act against ships of other countries which Intervention on the High have been involved in an accident or have been damaged on the high seas if there Seas, 1969 is a grave risk of oil pollution occurring as a result.
International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) 72/77
The main purpose of the convention is to ensure the safety of seagoing personnel. Convention in explained in two codes A & B. Code A is mandatory while Code B is recommendation. It intends to help parties implement the convention.
Aimed at developing an international SAR plan, so that, no matter where an accident occurs, the rescue of persons in distress at sea will be co-ordinated by a SAR organization and, when necessary, by co-operation between neighboring SAR organizations. The 1972 Convention for Safe Containers has two goals. to maintain a high level of safety of human life in the transport and handling of containers by providing generally acceptable test procedures and related strength requirements to facilitate the international transport of containers by providing uniform international safety regulations, equally applicable to all modes of surface transport to avoid proliferation of divergent national safety regulations The requirements of the Convention apply to the great majority of freight containers used internationally, except those designed especially for carriage by
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air. As it was not intended that all containers or reusable packing boxes should be affected, the scope of the Convention is limited to containers of a prescribed minimum size having corner fittings - devices which permit handling, securing or stacking. 12.
Safety of Fishing vessel
13.
Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel
14.
Space Requirements for Special Trade Passenger Ships, 1973
The Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels (SFV),1977, superseded by the The 1993 Torremolinos Protocol; Cape Town Agreement of 2012 on the Implementation of the Provisions of the 1993 Protocol relating to the Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel (STCW-F), 1995 Special Trade Passenger Ships Agreement (STP), 1971 and Protocol on Space Requirements for Special Trade Passenger Ships, 1973
The Protocol applies to fishing vessels of 24 metres in length and over including those vessels also processing their catch. The general trend in modern designed fishing vessels, if they are to be economically profitable, must include improvements in machinery and fishing gear, improvements in safety features as a whole and better working conditions for fishermen. The safety provisions include automatically controlled machinery spaces, improved life-saving appliances, immersion suits and thermal protective aids, satellite communication systems and other components of the global maritime distress and safety system.
General Provisions & certifications of Safety of Skippers, Officers, Engineer Officers and Radio Operators.
Following the International Conference on Special Trade Passenger Ships, 1971, IMO, in cooperation with other Organizations, particularly the World Health Organization (WHO), developed technical rules covering the safety aspects of carrying passengers on board in special trade passenger ships (ships carrying large nos. of unberthed passengers such as in pilgrim area)
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15.
Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (LC), 1972 (and the 1996 London Protocol)
London Convention, one of the first international conventions for the protection of the marine environment from human activities, came into force on 30 August 1975. Since 1977, it has been administered by IMO. It contributes to the international control and prevention of marine pollution by prohibiting the dumping of certain hazardous materials. In addition, a special permit is required prior to dumping of a number of other identified materials and a general permit for other wastes or matter.
16.
Oil Pollution International Convention Preparedness, Response on Oil Pollution and Co operation Preparedness, Response and Co operation (OPRC), 1990
17.
Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances
As per convention, Ships are required to carry a shipboard oil pollution emergency plan. Operators of offshore units under the jurisdiction of Parties are also required to have oil pollution emergency plans or similar arrangements which must be coordinated with national systems for responding promptly and effectively to oil pollution incidents. Ships are required to report incidents of pollution to coastal authorities and the convention details the actions that are then to be taken. The Convention calls for the establishment of stockpiles of oil spill combating equipment, the holding of oil spill combating exercises and the development of detailed plans for dealing with pollution incidents. Parties to the convention are required to provide assistance to others in the event of a pollution emergency and provision is made for the reimbursement of any assistance provided. Convention aims to establish national systems for preparedness and response and to provide a global framework for international co-operation in combating major incidents or threats of marine pollution. Parties to the OPRC-HNS Protocol are required to establish measures for dealing with pollution incidents, either nationally or in co-operation with other countries. Ships are required to carry a shipboard pollution emergency plan to deal specifically with incidents involving hazardous and noxious substances.
Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 2000 (OPRC-HNS Protocol)
The OPRC-HNS Protocol ensures that ships carrying hazardous and noxious substances are covered by preparedness and response regimes similar to those already in existence for oil incidents.
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18.
Control of International Convention Harmful Anti-fouling on the Control of Systems Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships (AFS), 2001
19.
Safe Environmentally Sound Recycling Ships
and The Hong Kong International Convention of for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009
Under the terms of the AFS Convention, Parties to the Convention are required to prohibit and/or restrict the use of harmful anti-fouling systems on ships flying their flag, as well as ships not entitled to fly their flag but which operate under their authority and all ships that enter a port, shipyard or offshore terminal of a Party. Anti-fouling paints are used to coat the bottoms of ships to prevent sealife such as algae and molluscs attaching themselves to the hull – thereby slowing down the ship and increasing fuel consumption. n the early days of sailing ships, lime and later arsenic were used to coat ships' hulls, until the modern chemicals industry developed effective anti-fouling paints using metallic compounds. These compounds slowly "leach" into the sea water, killing barnacles and other marine life that have attached to the ship. But studies have shown that these compounds persist in the water, killing sea-life, harming the environment and possibly entering the food chain. One of the most effective anti-fouling paints, developed in the 1960s, contains the organotin tributyltin (TBT), which has been proven to cause deformations in oysters and sex changes in whelks. Convention aimed at ensuring that ships, when being recycled after reaching the end of their operational lives, do not pose any unnecessary risk to human health and safety or to the environment. It intends to address all the issues around ship recycling, including the fact that ships sold for scrapping may contain environmentally hazardous substances such as asbestos, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, ozone depleting substances and others. It will address concerns about working and environmental conditions in many of the world's ship recycling facilities. Regulations in the new Convention cover: the design, construction, operation and preparation of ships so as to facilitate safe and environmentally sound recycling, without compromising the safety and operational efficiency of ships; the operation of ship recycling facilities in a safe and environmentally sound manner; and the establishment of an appropriate enforcement mechanism for ship recycling, incorporating certification and reporting requirements. Ships to be sent for recycling will be required to carry an inventory of hazardous materials, which will be specific to each ship.
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20.
21.
22.
Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments
International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004
Convention aims to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms from one region to another, by establishing standards and procedures for the management and control of ships' ballast water and sediment. Under the Convention, all ships in international traffic are required to manage their ballast water and sediments to a certain standard, according to a shipspecific ballast water management plan. All ships will also have to carry a ballast water record book and an international ballast water management certificate. The ballast water management standards will be phased in over a period of time. As an intermediate solution, ships should exchange ballast water mid-ocean. However, eventually most ships will need to install an on-board ballast water treatment system Tonnage convention International Convention The Convention, adopted by IMO in 1969, was the first successful attempt to on Tonnage introduce a universal tonnage measurement system. The Convention provides for Measurement of Ships gross and net tonnages, both of which are calculated independently. 69/82 Salvage Convention, International Convention As per convention, "special compensation" to be paid to salvors who have failed 1989 on Salvage (SALVAGE), to earn a reward in the normal way (i.e. by salving the ship and cargo). The 1989 compensation consists of the salvor's expenses, plus up to 30% of these expenses if, thanks to the efforts of the salvor, environmental damage has been minimized or prevented. The salvor's expenses are defined as "out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred by the salvor in the salvage operation and a fair rate for equipment and personnel actually and reasonably used".
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IMO Conventions covering liability and compensation
International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC), 1969 1992 Protocol to the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage (FUND 1992) Convention relating to Civil Liability in the Field of Maritime Carriage of Nuclear Material (NUCLEAR), 1971 Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea (PAL), 1974 Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC), 1976 International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (HNS), 1996 (and its 2010 Protocol) International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks, 2007
Other Convention and Policies: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay, (1982): This Convention was adopted on 10 December 1982 at Montego Bay, Jamaica. Main objectives of the convention are:
To set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea and oceans, as far as environmental provisions are concerned, to establish material rules concerning environmental standards as well as enforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marine environment; and To establish basic environmental protection principals and rules on global and regional cooperation, technical assistance, monitoring, and environmental assessment, and adoption and enforcement of international rules and standards and national legislation with respect to all sources of marine pollution.
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG-code): The IMDG code relates to methods of safe transport of dangerous cargoes and related activities. It sets out procedures for documentation, storage, segregation, packing, marking and labeling of dangerous goods
3.5. Environmental Quality Indicators - Standards and Guidelines Standards for Discharge of Effluents: Under EPA Act, 1986, standards are prescribed for discharge of effluents in inland water bodies and marine coastal area and are given in table 3.4
Table 3.4 Standards For Discharge of Effluents S. No. 1
Parameters Color & odour
Standards Inland Surface Waters Marine Coastal Areas All efforts shall be made All efforts shall be made to remove to remove colour and colour and unpleasant odour as far as unpleasant odour as far practicable as practicable
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2
3
4 5
6 7 8 9
10 11
12 13 14 15 16
17
18 19 20 21
Suspended mg/l, Max
solids
100
1. For process wastewater-100 2. For cooling water effluent 10% above total suspended matter of influent Particle size of Shall pass 850 Micron IS 1. Floatable solids max. 3 mm suspended solids sieve 2. Settleable solids max. 850 microns pH Value 5.5-9.0 5.5-9.0 0 Temperature Shall not exceed 5 C Shall not exceed 50 C above the above the receiving receiving water temperature water temperature Oil and grease mg/ l 10 20 Max. Total residual 1.0 1.0 chlorine mg/l Max. Ammonical Nitrogen 50 50 (as N), mg/l Max. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (as NH3 ), mg/l Max. Free ammonia (as NH3 ) mg/l Max.
100
100
5.0
5.0
Bio-chemical oxygen demand (3 days at 270 C), mg/l max. Chemical oxygen demand, mg/l max
30
100
250
250
0.2
0.2
0.01
0.01
0.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
0.1
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
15.0
0.05
0.05
Arsenic (as As), mg/l max. Mercury (as Hg), mg/l max. Lead (as Pb), mg/l max. Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l max.
Hexavalent chromium (as Cr +6), mg/l max Total chromium (as Cr) mg/l max Copper (as Cu), mg/l max. Zinc (as Zn), mg/l max Selenium (as Se), mg/l max.
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22 23 24 25
26 27
28
Nickel (as Ni), mg/l max Cyanide (as CN), mg/l max. Fluoride (as F), mg/l max. Dissolved phosphates (as P), mg/l max. Sulphide (as S), mg/l max. Phenolic compounds (as C6 H5 OH), mg/l max. Radioactive materials: a. Alpha emitter micro curie/ml b. b. Beta emitter micro curie/ml
29
Bio-assay test
30
Manganese (as Mn), mg/l Iron (as Fe), mg/ Vanadium (as V), mg/l Nitrate nitrogen (mg/l)
31 32 33
3.0
5.0
0.2
0.2
2.0
15
5.0
--
2.0
5.0
1.0
5.0
7
7
106 10-
106 10-
90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 2
90% survival of fish after 96 hours in
3 0.2
3 0.2
10
20
2
Standards Classification of Inland Surface Water Bodies: Surface water bodies are classified on the basis of use by CPCB and the classification is given in figure 3.1
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Figure 3.1: Surface Water Body Classification, CPCB
Criteria for Classification of waterbodies on basis of level of Eutrophication: Standard for accessing Eutrophication level in the water bodies is assessed on the basis of water quality, bottom sediments and aquatic biota quality and nos. in Environment Impact Assessment Study of Port Development, UN, New York, 1992. Same can be refereed here to assess the level on Eutrophication in the river and tributaries
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Source: Assessment of the Environment Impact of Port Development, United Nations, New York, 1992 Figure 3.3: Criteria For Level of Eutrophication
Criteria for Disposal of Harmful Bottom Sediments:
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No specific standards are defined in India for disposal of dredged material. If dredged material is toxic/harmful then these sediments should either be disposed off in landfill or in Sea. Criteria followed in Japan is given below
Source: Assessment of the Environment Impact of Port Development, United Nations, New York, 1992 Figure 3.4: Criteria For Harmful Bottom Sediments, Japan
Criteria for Off-shore dumping of Dredged material: No criteria is defined for off-shore disposal of dredged material in India, thus reference to the UN standards can be made and is given below in figure
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Source: Assessment of the Environment Impact of Port Development, United Nations, New York, 1992 Figure 3.5: Criteria For Off-Shore Dumping of Dredged Material
Estimated Suspended Sediments Generation Standards from Dredging and Dumping operations: Estimations had been made in Assessment Manual for dredging and Reclamation, Ministry of Transport, Japan for suspended sediment generation from dredging and dumping operations and are given in figure below. These can be used for estimating the suspended sediments to be generated from dredging for construction and operation of terminal
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Source: Assessment of the Environment Impact of Port Development, United Nations, New York, 1992 Figure 3.6: Approximate Suspended Sediment Generation from Dredging Operation
.
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4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4.1. Introduction This chapter describes project’s location, layout, features of the project, its capacity and details of cargo and other material handling capacity, estimated cost of the project including cost of EMP, schedule for implementation, etc.
4.2. Location, Access and Layout of the Project The proposed multimodal inland water terminal (stage 1) is located at Ramnagar, Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh. At present, proposed project site is accessible through existing kachha road which connects to NH-7 through village road (pakka). For transportation of men and material during construction phase, a temporary access road of 600 m is proposed to be used. The proposed terminal will be developed in area of 5.685 ha (mention exact area) as a multimodal facility with road and rail network connection. In future, an approach road will connect the site to NH-7 for which land measuring 0.592 ha will be acquired. Internal road of 12 m width will be developed within the terminal to facilitate smooth internal movement. Nearest railway station is Jeonathpur which is at 4.0 kms distance from terminal site in SE direction. Connectivity will be made from proposed terminal to existing IR track and proposed DFC track in future.. Nearest airport is LalBahadurShastriAirport located at a distance of app. 30 km in NW direction. Site is not a part of any forest land or any eco-sensitive/notified area. Project site is surrounded by open land. No forest land, national park, migratory route of birds is present within 10 km radius of terminal site. Kashi Turtle Sanctuary is located in downstream direction from terminal site and is located at 2.3 km towards in North direction from terminal site. Ramnagar fort is located at distance of 2.0 km from terminal site in north direction.
The layout of the proposed terminal is given in figure 4.1 below. Plan of general arrangement & schematic diagram of Jetty (Middle level) is given in figure 4.2 and figure 4.3 below. Stone pitching works Stone pitching works shall be carried out at the site to protect the river bank from current & waves. A length of 200m behind the jetty shall be protected by the stone pitching works. Stability of the slopes shall be carried out in accordance with the Indian standards & guidelines. Details of stone pitching works is given in figure 4.4.
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4.3. Proposed Development Facilities proposed at the site are 2 nos of berths for the cargo (100 m wide each), loading & unloading bay, passenger jetty, Electrical sub-station (ESS), power back up and sanitation facility. Buildings The following buildings cribbed ib Table 4.1 shall be constructed as part of Phase 1A: Table 4.1: Details of building to be constructed S. No.
Building
Type
Total Built up Area (Sqm)
1.
Substation Building
Single Storied Building
400 sqm
2.
Toilet Block
Single Storied Building
30 sqm
Pontoons A steel pontoon deck of the size 20 m X 10 m shall be constructed at the location Gangway A gangway having walkway of 1.2 m width shall be provided to access the pontoon deck from the shore. Roads Details of roads planned to be provided is given below in Table 4.2. Any culverts required at the crossing of the drains and drainage system shall be provided. Table 4.2: Details of Roads Road Type
Type R1 Type R2
Overall Width
Carriageway Width
22 m 12m
7.5 m 5m
Width of Paved Shoulders on either side of Carriageway 1m 0.75 m
Width of Treated Shoulders on either side of Carriageway 1m 0.75 m
Approximate length
650 m 365 m
Resources and Utilities Demand for Off-Site Developments Water supply Water supply distribution system will be designed, installed and commissioned within the project area including the supply of potable water to the buildings. EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV 70
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Power Requirement Power requirement has been estimated to be 130 KV during construction phase. An Electrical Sub-Station (ESS) and power back up system has been proposed for the terminal. Construction Materials Sourcing Construction material will be sourced from nearest authorized & licensed quarry and dealers Drainage During construction phase, temporary drainage and pumping facilities will be provided to keep the adjoining areas of work site free from water logging and flooding. A drainage system for carrying the storm water run-off from the port area will be designed and provided. The design rainfall intensity shall be taken as 50 mm/hr for the purpose of design of drainage system at site. Design Vessel Sizes The design vessel sizes range and characteristics to be considered for design of jetty is given in Table 4.3.: Table 4.3 Design Vessel Sizes Jetty Type
DWT
LOA (m)
Beam (m)
Loaded Draft (m)
Maximum Ship Size
2000
80
11
3.5
Minimum Ship Size
200
18
5
1.0
Multi Modal Jetty
The design bed level at the Jetty shall be taken as +3.5 m. Earthing and Lightning Protection System The complete earthing system shall conform to the provisions of Indian Electricity Rules, and applicable code of practice for earthing IS: 3043. All non-conducting structures shall be provided with Lightning protection consisting of Air termination network at the top and down conductors as per IS:2309. All structures made of conducting material shall be protected by adequate earthing arrangements and air terminations at the top as per IS:2309. Conductors shall be Galvanized Iron (GI) of suitable size as per IS:2309. Buried lightning grid conductors of 75mm x 8mm size shall be provided for interconnection of the lightning earth pits around individual building. The same shall also be connected with the main plant earth grid at places through isolating link installed in Earth pits. Lighting System The nominal voltage of the distribution system shall be 3 phase 4 wire (415/240 ± 10% volts). All the equipment and materials shall be suitable for the system voltage. All materials and works shall comply with IS code of practices, Indian Electricity Rules and regulations. The lighting system of particular area whether indoor or outdoor shall be designed in such a way that uniform EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV 71
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illumination is achieved. The type of lighting adopted shall provide adequate level of glare-free illumination, without creating undesirable shadows. Design of lighting layout shall be based on the minimum lighting intensities at the working plane and the type of luminaire specified in Table 4.4.. Table 4.4: Type of luminaires Location
Intensity of Illuminatio n 200
Type of Luminaire
High Mast
20
HPSV flood lighting fixtures on Raise / lowering high mast.
As required
--
Fully vermin and weather proof integral street light fixture with die cast aluminium housing and 1 x 70 / 150 W HPSV lamp with integral control gear
Substation/DG room/ Transformer Room / Pump House
Industrial type fluorescent fixture with SS reflector and 2x36 watt fluorescent lamp
Luminaires
be of industrial/decorative type as specified. The number of different type of luminaires and their wattages shall be minimum consistent with the lighting requirements. While using discharge lamps, stroboscopic effect shall be minimized by various methods. All fluorescent fittings shall be of rapid start type and shall be so arranged that the power factor will be 90% or higher. All luminaries alongwith its terminal boxes shall have IP56 degree of enclosure protection for internal areas and IP65 degree of enclosure protection for external areas and battery room. All luminaires shall
Emergency Lighting
For safety and protection of personnel and for shutdown of the equipment, battery operated lighting units shall be installed as a part of fixed wiring system. Battery operated lighting unit shall consist of compact fluorescent lamps. Sealed batteries, fully automatic solid state charger, transfer switch to automatically transfer from main supply to the battery and vice versa, fuses etc. shall also form part of the supply. The charger shall be capable of recharging fully in 12 hours. The incandescent fixtures shall be mounted on the box containing batteries and battery charger. The unit shall operate on 1 Ph 240 V 50 Hz. Green Belt Development
Green buffer should be developed all along the terminal site and also compensatory plantation should be carried out at least in ratio of 1:2. Tree planted should be of native type.
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Figure 4.1: Layout of Ramnagar Terminal, Stage 1
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Figure 4.2: general arrangement of Jetty (Middle level), Ramnagar
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Figure 4.3: Typical section of jetty, Ramnagar
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Figure 4.4: Details of stone pitching works
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4.4 Capacity and features of the project The terminal (Stage 1) is projected to handle projected cargo as 3.5 MTPA till 2018, and 18.7 MTPA in 2038. Dead Weight Tonnage (DWT) is estimated be 2000 MT The cargo will mostly comprise coal, building materials, agriculture inputs, food grains and flour, Edible oil, Local Handloom Silk products and Over-Dimensional Cargo.The details of type of commodity, volume estimated preliminary growth projections, preliminary Turnover Volume per day and required storage capacity in 2038 is given in table 4.1
Table 4.1: Type of commodity, volume estimated preliminary growth projections, preliminary Turnover Volume per day and required storage capacity Commodity
Prese nt Volu me (lakh tonnes /year)
Direction
Incomin g/ Outgoin g
Preliminary Projection of the Percentage Diverted to IWT in 2018 mini mum in %
minimu m in lakh tons/ye ar
maximu m in %
maximu m in lakh tons/yea r
Preliminary Growth Projection for 2028 minimu m in lakh tons/ye ar
maximu m in lakh tons/year
Preliminary Growth Projection for 2038 minimum in lakh tons/year
maximum in lakh tons/year
Preliminary Turnover Volume per day minimum in tons
Coal Coal (domestic)
upstream 8
incoming
30
2.5
70
5.9
3.4
11.6
4.6
22.8
1247.0
Required Storage Capacity in 2038
maximu m in tons
minimum in tons
days
1
6233.9
1247.0
.4
Coal Imported
24.0
days
Building Materials
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77
maximu m in tons
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Cement Bags
.9
Cement Bags
.3
upstream 0 (predomina ntly) / downstrea m
outgoing
30
0.3
60
0.5
0.4
1.1
0.5
2.1
133.6
572.5
2672.1
11450.0
downstrea 2 m
outgoing
30
0.7
60
1.4
0.9
2.7
1.2
5.3
341.4
1463.1
6828.6
29261.2
Stone Chips
17
downstrea m
outgoing
30
5.1
40
6.8
6.9
13.4
9.2
26.3
2523.6
7209.3
50472.1
144185. 5
Sand
1.8
downstrea m
outgoing
40
0.7
60
1.1
1.0
2.1
1.3
4.2
356.3
1145.0
7125.5
22900.1
Agricultura l Inputs Fertilizer
upstream 1
incoming
20
2.4
50
6.0
3.2
11.8
4.3
23.2
1187.6
days
30.0
6361.1
35627.4
days
20.0
2.0 Fertilizer
down stream
23.2
Food grains and flour Wheat bagged
190833. 8
upstream 4
outgoing
20
0.8
50
2.1
1.1
4.1
1.5
8.1
415.7
2226.4
8313.1
44527.9
upstream 3
outgoing
20
0.7
50
1.7
0.9
3.2
1.2
6.4
326.6
1749.3
6531.7
34986.2
upstream 1 (predomina ntly) / downstrea
outgoing
20
0.4
60
1.1
0.5
2.1
0.7
4.2
178.1
1145.0
3562.7
22900.1
.2
Rice bagged .3 Flour bagged
.8
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EIA Report- Phase 1A of Multimodal River Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
m
Flour bagged
downstrea 6 m
.6
outgoing
20
1.3
60
4.0
1.8
7.8
2.4
15.3
653.2
Edible Oil Crude Vegetable Oil
upstream 5
incoming
100
5.4
100
5.4
7.3
10.6
9.8
20.9
2672.1
4198.3
13063.4
days
1.0
5725.0
2672.1
days
1.0
83966.9
5725.0
.4
Local Handloom Silk products Varanasi Sarees
downstrea 1 m
outgoing
0
0.0
0
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.7
1.0
184.1
269.5
184.1
269.5
.0
Varanasi Carpets
downstrea 1 m
outgoing
0
0.0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
137.0
137.0
137.0
137.0
.3
days
OverDimensiona l Cargo ODC
0
upstream
incoming
100
0.004
100
0.004
0.005
0.008
0.007
0.015
1.0
2.0
4.2
2.0
4.2
10358.11
38439.62 6
138512.62
597381. 09
.004 Totals
66.004
20.284
35.874
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27.76
71.06958 8
37.80712
187.5046
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ESIAReport-MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
In the phase 1A, the terminal shall handle about 4,000 to 5,000T per day which is expected to reach 60,000T per day by 2038. Material to be handled will be coal, cement, stone chips, and fertilizer and food grains”.
4.5 Material handling The project provides for loading & unloading bay, passenger jetty. The terminal will have 2 berths of 200 metres. Mobile cranes and oil tankers for edible oil are proposed. The terminal in Stage -1 will not have provisions of stack yard for storage of goods, vessel repair/maintenance facility, workshop for material handling and fuel supply.
4.6 Other features An Electrical Sub-Station (ESS), power back up and sanitation facility are proposed. Power requirement is estimated to be 130 KV in construction phase. To prevent bank erosion, embankment protection all along the length of the terminal will also be made through stone pitching measures. The access to the site will be developed under phase 1 B connecting national highway 7. For transportation of men and material during construction phase, a temporary access road of 600 m is proposed to be used.
4.7 Waste management Provision of septic tank is proposed onsite. Municipal Solid waste will be disposed off in designated dumping site of concerned Municipal body. Excavated earth, C&D waste will be reutilized to the extent possible or disposed of in designated dumping site of concerned municipal body/PWD.
4.8 Other features About 100 people are estimated to be employed in the project. Estimated project cost will be about 206 crores. Construction is estimated to be completed in 3 years in EPC mode. No cutting or filling is proposed on the site. Construction materials will be procured from local markets, stone quarries, etc. 100 trucks are estimated to be deployed. Provision for tubewell has been made.
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5. : DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (EVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BASELINE) 5.1. Prelude The environmental status around the proposed project site is analysed for valued environmental components viz., air, water, land, noise, soil, ecology and socio-economic in a 10 km radius around the proposed project site. The baseline provides the basis for assessment of impact (likely changes in the baseline conditions) described in Chapter 6.
5.2. Site Description and Its Environs The study area within a 10 KM radius around the Terminal site has been considered for baseline and impact assessment. The project activity areas are considered as core area and remaining study area as buffer zone. Environment setting of 10 km radius area around terminal site is given in Figure 5.1. Environmental profile of area is provided in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1: Environmental Setting Items
Features with in 10 km radius Near Ralhupr village, Ramnagar, Varanasi
Location National Highway (NH-2 about 380 m ,North) Connectivity
Co-ordinates (Terminal Sites)
State Highway (NH-7 about 700 m ,East)
Corner Latitude:
Longitude
A
25°14'59.78"N
83°01'51.27" E
B
25°14' 59.98"N
83°01'57.62" E
C
25°15' 11.75"N
83°01'54.62" E
D
25°15'12.72"N
83°01'48.90" E
Site Elevation
Mainly flat with elevation of 77 m amsl
Water Body
Ganga River passes along the eastern side of the Terminal
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Nearest Airport
Babatpur Airport about 28 km in NW
Nearest Railway Station
Jeonathpur about 4.0 km in SE
Seismic Zone
Zone III
Forests / National Parks
None within 10 km study area
Wildlife Sanctuary
Kashi Turtle Sanctuary about 2.3 km in North
Archaeologically important places/monuments
Ramnagar Fort 2.0 km in North
Site Photographs
5.3. Method of Data Generation The baseline environmental quality has been collected during the period of 1st April 2015 to 30th June 2015 within a study area. The present EIA Report has been prepared based on the primary field investigations / assessment, and secondary data collected from different department and published in journals, books, public consultation and site observations. Data on meteorology, air quality, water quality and soil quality has also been referred from Indian Meterorological Department and CPCB publications. The study period and methodology for various environmental components is discussed in Table 5.2. Map showing environment monitoring location is provided in Figure 5.1.
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Table 5.2 Location Details, Period and Methodology of Baseline Data Generation Component
Study Location
Meteorology
Online monitoring station
Ambient Quality
Air
Study Period
Methodology Hourly wind speed, wind direction, humidity, temperature, atmospheric 1stApril 2015 to pressure, rainfall were recorded. th 30 June 2015 Historical met data was obtained from Climatological Tables of IMD-Varanasi.
Project Site& AAQ monitoring was done at 6 locations 1stApril 2015 to surrounding in upwind and downwind direction as 30thJune 2015 villages per CPCB method.
At 6 locations Noise monitoring was done using 21st June to around project integrated sound level meter, as per 26thJune 2015 site CPCB method. Composite sampling was done and the Streams flowing samples were preserved and analysed Surface water inside the study 15th May 2015 for different parameters. Temp, quality area. Conductivity, pH and DO were measured at site. Samples were preserved and analysed Project Site and Ground water for different parameters by following th surrounding 16 May 2015 quality APHA method. Temp, Conductivity and villages pH were measured at site itself. 6 samples were collected from Samples were collected and analyzed in Soil Quality 18th May 2015 surrounding laboratory by following IARI Methods. fields Primary survey for terrestrial flora and Flora & Fauna Study area June 2015 fauna. Secondary data were also collected from Kashi Van Prabhag. Noise Quality
Landuse
Study area
Socioeconomic scenario & Study Area R&R study
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Cloud Free Latest Satellite Imagery (LANDSAT 4-5 Image - 2014 TM, USGS) analysed for land use cover -
Secondary data were also collected from District Statistics Handbook and Primary Census of India 2011.
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Figure 5.1: Map Showing Environmental Monitoring Locations
5.4. Geology, Topgraphy Hydrogeology
&
Drainage,
Hydrology,
Geology & Seismicity Throughout Varanasi, the geological setting is quite similar i.e near surface are sandy lenses surrounded by clay-silty deposits. These sandy lenses form the shallow aquifers (25-40 m depth below surface, Shukla et al., 2008) with unconfined condition, which is the main water supply of most part of the city. The lateral length of these lenses can be up to some 1000 m. Below the clay-silty layer lie fine-coarse sand deposits, which represent the deeper aquifer (60-70 m depth below surface, Shukla et al., 2008). The map is shown in Figure 5.2. The seismic zoning map of India shows four distinct seismic zones.
Zone - II: This is said to be the least active seismic zone. EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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ESIAReport-MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Zone - III: It is included in the moderate seismic zone.
Zone - IV: This is considered to be the high seismic zone.
Zone - V: It is the highest seismic zone.
The proposed Terminal site falls in Zone –III, which fall in moderate risk zone.
Proposed Site
Project Site
Figure 5.2 Map Showing Plant Site & Seismic Zones .of India
Topography & Contour Map: Contour Map of the Study area showing Site is shown in Figure 5.3. The range of elevation of this area varies from 55 – 95 m. The contours in Toposheet have been digitized in the GIS environment and assigned the respective elevation values in meters with reference to the mean sea level. Using the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data, the elevation values has been verified.
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Figure 5.3 Contour Map of Study Area
Digital Elevation Model (DEM): Based on the contour map, the Digital Elevation Model has been prepared. The Nearest Neighbour method has been used to interpolate the elevation data to develop the elevation model. This map gives clear picture that the eastern and western part along the Ganga River having heigher elevation. Center part of the area along the River has lowest range of elevation. Digital Elevation Model for the area in 10 km radius from the proposed site is shown in Figure 5.4.
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Figure 5.4 DEM of Study Area
Drainage: The study area, form a parts of Ganga river basin. The city of Varanasi is located in the middle Ganges valley of North India, in the Eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh, along the left crescentshaped bank of the River Ganges. The river system consists of the mighty Ganga highly revered by Hindus since ages. Varuna, Assi, Banganga, Chandra Prabha and Karmnasa are tributaries of the Ganga,that drain the area. Being located in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of North India, the land is very fertile because low level floods in the Ganges continually replenish the soil. The drainage map of study area is given in Figure 5.5.
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Figure 5.5 Drainage Map of Study Area
Hydrology: Brief hydrological profile of river Ganga ha been described in the context of Ramnagar Terminal. Bhagirathi is the source stream of Ganga. It emanates from Gangotri Glacier at Gaumukh at an elevation of 3,892 m (12,770 feet). Many small streams comprise the headwaters of Ganga. The Important among these are Alaknanda, Dhauliganga, Pindar, Mandakini and Bhilangana. At Devprayag, where Alaknanda joins Bhagirathi, the river acquires the name Ganga. It traverses a course of 2525 km before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. It has a large number of tributaries joining it during this journey (Figure 5.6). In Uttarakhand, near Tehri, a dam, has been built on Bhagirathi for hydropower generation resulting in regulated additional water during the dry months. At Haridwar, Ganga opens to the Gangetic Plains, where a barrage diverts a large quantity of its waters into the Upper Ganga Canal, to provide water for irrigation. At Bijnore, another barrage diverts water into the Madhya Ganga Canal but only during monsoon months. At Narora, there is further diversion of water into the Lower Ganga Canal.Further down, River Ramganga joins Ganga near Kannauj, adding additional water to the river. Yamuna confluences Ganga at the Sangam in Allahabad, making a major contribution to the river flow. Beyond Allahabad, Ganga is joined by several tributaries, most of which are from the north and a few from the south. In the stretch between Allahabad in U.P. and Malda in West Bengal, Ganga, therefore, has considerable flow. The Farakka barrage in West Bengal regulates the flow of the river, diverting some of the water into a feeder canal linking Hooghly to keep it relatively silt-free. Downstream of this barrage, River Ganga splits into two, Bhagirathi (Hooghly) on the right and Padma on the left. Bhagirathi EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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(Hooghly) meets the Bay of Bengal about 150 km downstream of Kolkata. Padma enters Bangladesh and meets river Brahmputra and Meghna before finally joining the Bay of Bengal. The main tributaries of the Ganga river network (and some important flow and water quality measuring stations of CWC) are shown in the line diagram Given in Figure 5.6. Ramnagar Terminal fall in Varanasi district. Figure 5.6 indicates that Yamuna river contributes to the flow of Ganga in a major way upstream, while river Gomti & Tons contribute to the flow downstream of proposed terminal. Annual, dry & wet season flow contribution to Ganga upstream and downstream of proposed terminal is shown in Figure 5.7, Figure 5.8 and Figure 5.9. Preliminary engineering assessment of flow conditions obtained from engineering consultants indicate that adequate depth may be available at Ramnager terminal.
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Figure 5.6: Line Diagram of Ganga River Network (with major dams/ barrages, canals, and flow and water quality measuring stations).
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Figure 5.7: Annual Flow Contributions of Different Tributaries (sub-basins) to National River Ganga under Present Flow Conditions and under Virgin Flow Conditions
Figure 5.8: Wet Season Flow Contributions of Different Tributaries (sub-basins) to National River Ganga under Present Flow Conditions and under Virgin Flow Conditions
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Figure 5.9: Dry Season Flow Contributions of Different Tributaries (sub-basins) to National River Ganga under Present Flow Conditions and under Virgin Flow Conditions
Hydro-Geology In the study aream subsurface stratigraphy is dominated by laterally persistent multi-storied sand bodies capped by thick muddy succession near the top. The alternating sand and clay layers have created a multi-tiered aquifer system. General slope of the water-table is from north to south in Varanasi environs. The general water-table elevations (MSL) indicate that the Ganga and Varuna rivers being deeply incised are gaining rivers. It is observed that some perched water-table zones are also present where water level is very shallow. In the western part of Varanasi city, water level is deep as compared to eastern part of the city. The shallow bore wells (hand pumps) and dug wells puncturing unconfined aquifers at about 25–40 m depth have water-level fluctuations from 8.51 m to 11.25 m. Such unconfined aquifers are made up of recycled interfluves silt and silty sand forming lensoid units capped by relatively thin and impersistent mud layers showing calcrete development. The deep wells penetrating below 60– 70 m have enormous yield of 45,000 lph to 220,500 lph. Good quality potable water is available from coarse grained deep sandy aquifers. These aquifers are made up of craton derived pink arkosic sand (sediment package 1) or the mixture sedimentary package 1 and 2 (Himalayan gray sand). Because of thick cover of fine-grained material (sediment package 3) near the top, these aquifers occur in semi-confined to confined conditions. Differential erosion of the sand horizons by succeeding channel events within a sedimentary package may promote to semiconfined conditions of the aquifers. The total thickness of the good water yielding sand strata varies from 20 to 80 m or more in tube wells occurring at an average depth of about 100 m. Because of intensive pumping of water due to fast urbanization, the water level in Varanasi shows a lowering trend. The average fall of ground water level in last fifteen years is about 1.43 m (Sinha 2003). In general, the ground water of Varanasi city is of good quality.
5.5. Meteorology Historical meteorological data were obtained from climatological tables pertaining to nearest representative IMD station located at Varanasi and is presented in Table 5.3.
Table 5.3 Month
January February
Temperature (deg C) daily
Max 23.2 26.4
Min 9.2 11.6
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Meteorological Data of Varanasi (Source-IMD) Relative Humidity, %
Max 77 67
Min 53 42
Rainfall
In mm 17.7 17.1
Wind speed
Kmph 3.4 4.3
Pre-dominant wind direction
From W, NW W, NW
Cloud cover
Octas 2.2 2.0 92
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March April May June July August September October November December
32.8 38.5 40.4 38.5 33.7 32.9 32.9 32.8 29.5 24.7
16.4 22.1 25.5 27.2 25.8 25.4 24.4 20.5 14.3 9.9
51 42 49 62 81 84 81 72 68 75
29 25 29 47 72 76 72 59 54 55
9.3 5.4 13.2 91.3 309.3 286.5 203.5 27.3 13.8 5.9
5.0 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.0 4.8 3.0 2.3 3.0
W, NW W, NW W,NW W, NW W, E, NE W, E, NE W, E W, NW W, NW W, NW
1.8 1.6 1.8 4.3 6.6 6.5 5.0 2.0 1.4 1.7
Observation on Meteorology: The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. Temperature – December and January constitutes winter months with daily mean minimum temperature around 9.2oC and daily mean maximum temperature around 24.7oC. May is the hottest month with daily mean maximum temperature around 40.4oC and daily mean minimum temperature around 25.5oC. Relative Humidity – The air is generally dry in the region except during monsoon. April and May are driest with relative humidity between 25-49%. The maximum humidity during rainy season is 84% and minimum was 72%. High humidity is found during daytime and low humidity values during nighttime in all the months. Rainfall – The annual total rainfall is 1000.3 mm. Over 80% of the total annual rainfall is received during the monsoon period between June to September. Wind Speed– The wind speed was mostly between 2.3 – 5.8 km/hour for all the months. The wind speed during summer season was mostly between 5.0 - 5.7 km/hr while during rainy season, it was between 5.0–5.8 km/hr and in winter months wind speed ranges between 2.3 3.4 km/hr. Wind Direction – The predominant wind direction during winter and Summer season is from west and Northwest direction. During Monsoon season the wind flows from West, NE and east direction. Calm Periods – The calm period constitute an important factor in the dispersion of air pollution. The calm period is more during nighttime compared to daytime. The maximum calm period occur during September to January. Monthly calm is shown below. Monthly Percentages of Calm Periods (IMD Varanasi) Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct
Calm
Jan
Day
35
29
21
20
17
19
24
26
25
Night
41
24
17
15
16
21
30
31
36
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Nov
Dec
34
44
36
43
66
54
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Cloud Cover – In the study area, clear weather prevails in most of the time during post monsoon, winter and summer seasons. Only during monsoon months of July, August and September, moderate to heavy clouds are observed. Relevant details about the number of days with zero oktas of cloud cover (all clouds) for all months are shown below. The daily cloud cover during the study period varied from 1 – 2 oktas. Jan
No. of Days with Zero Oktas of Cloud Cover (IMD Varanasi) Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
Nov
Dec
Day
26
23
26
28
29
19
8
10
15
25
27
28
Night
26
22
27
25
25
15
6
6
10
21
27
29
Special Weather Phenomena: The occurrence of thunderstorm is 21 days per year, mostly spread across the months of June to September. On an annual average basis, 105 days have visibility in the range of 1 - 4 km, 219 days have visibility in the range of 4 -10 km, 32 days between 10 - 20 km and 1 days have visibility above 20 km. No thunderstorm or dust storm occurred during the study period. Mixing Height: Mixing Height values of the site have been obtained from CPCB / IMD “Spatial Distribution of Hourly Mixing Depth over Indian Region“. The mixing height data of study area is given in Table 5.4.
Table 5.4: Mixing Height Hour Mean Mixing Height (m) 5.00 AM 50 6 50 7 100 8 200 9 500 10 700 11 1000 12 Noon 1500 1 PM 2000 2 2000 3 2000 4 1500 5 900 6 600 7 300 Source: Spatial Distribution of Hourly Mixing Depth Over Indian Region (CPCB)
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Source: IMD Varanasi Figure 5.6: Windrose Diagram of Varanasi (Summer Season)
5.6. Ambient Air Quality CPCB guidelines were applied for selecting the appropriateness of monitoring locations. The location and height of the stations were so selected (>5 m from base) to avoid the capture of re-suspended road dust and fugitive domestic emissions. All the ambient air analysis with respect to each parameter were analysed as per CPCB guidelines. The monitoring locations are shown in Table 5.5 and Figure 5.2. The Ambient Air Quality results are presented in Table 5.6. Historical AAQ data of Varanasi for period March 2015 was also obtained from UPSPCB. AAQ Results of Varanasi area presented in Table 5.7.
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Table 5.5 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Location Code
Name of Location
AAQ-1
Ralhupur
Distance& Direction from site
Characterstics/Terrain Features
0.7 km N
Rural, flat errain, Vehicular movements are usually of small private vehicle (Two and fourwheelers) close to the 25°15'31.46" N terminal site located in downwind 83°01'55.59" E direction.
AAQ-2
Tahirpur
1.2 km SE
AAQ-3
Bhitti
1.4 km NE
AAQ-4
Madarwa
2.4 km NW
AAQ-5
Ramnagar
2.8 km NNE
AAQ-6
Milkipur
0.6 km SE
Rural, flat terrain, Vehicular movements are usually of small private vehicle (Two and fourwheelers) located in downwind direction Rural, flat terrain, located close to NH7, Small private vehicle movement. surrounded by agriculture, downwind direction. Semi Urban, flat terrain, moderate traffic movement. located in upwind direction. Urban/commercial and populated area, flat terrain. Due to presence of restaurants and Shops shops it always remains crowded. NH-7 passes through the town (Heavy Traffic Movement). Rural, flat terrain, surrounded by agriculture, downwind direction
Coordinates
25°14'45.77" N 83°02'34.29" E
25°15'38.83" N 83°02'34.29" E 25°15'38.77" N 83°01'12.28" E
25°16'48.19" N 83°01'48.12" E 25°16'48.19" N 83°01'48.12" E
Table 5.6 : Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (24-hour average) Location
PM2.5, g/m3
PM10 (g/m3)
Min
Max
Mean
Min
Max
Mean
Ralhupur
21
42
36
54
86
76
Tahirpur
22
45
38
58
90
78
Bhitti
20
48
37
53
88
74
Madarwa
25
50
41
61
96
84
Ramnagar
34
58
48
82
145
112
Milkipur
22
42
35
54
90
77
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Table 5.6: continued...... Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (24-h average) SO2, g/m3
Location
NO2, g/m3
CO(mg/m3) 8 hour average
Min
Max
Mean
Min
Max
Mean
Avg.
Ralhupur
13.4
19.6
17.4
17.4
28.9
24.6
0.25
Tahirpur
14.3
21.6
18.6
18.2
31.6
26.3
0.26
Bhitti
15.2
24.4
19.6
17.8
30.2
25.6
0.30
Madarwa
14.4
23.8
18.8
18.4
32.4
27.2
0.28
Ramnagar
20.4
35.6
27.8
26.8
46.8
36.8
0.69
Milkipur
13.7
20.6
18.4
21.4
29.6
24.3
0.28
Table 5.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (March 2015) Location
Jawahar Nagar Varanasi
PM10 (g/m3)
So2,g/m3
No2(g/m3)
24hr Avg.
24hr Avg.
24hr Avg.
2-3-2015
147.46
18.39
32.47
9-3-2015
146.49
18.83
32.89
12-3-2015 16-3-2015 19-3-2015
147.42
19.29
33.15
146.10 146.65 143.99
18.81 18.66 18.77
33.28 33.50 32.90
147.46 146.49
19.19 19.32
33.35 32.93
Date
23-3-2015 26-3-2015 30-3-2015 Source: UPSPCB, Varanasi
Table 5.7: conti… Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (March 2015) Location
Date
10-3-2015 13-3-2015 17-3-2015 Sigra 20-3-2015 Varanasi 24-3-2015 27-3-2015 31-3-2015 Source: UPSPCB, Varanasi
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PM10 (g/m3)
So2,g/m3
No2(g/m3)
24hr Avg.
24hr Avg.
24hr Avg.
144.90 143.25 140.95 139.51 144.05 139.79 141.49
19.92 19.29 19.96 19.61 18.51 19.18 19.02
33.10 33.21 32.24 32.11 32.15 32.68 32.13
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5.6.1. Observation on Ambient Air Quality Particulate Matter (PM10)
Particulate Matter PM10 within study area varies from 50 to 145 µg/m3. Value of PM10 in all location except Ramnagar is within the specified limit as per NAAQS. Highest level of PM10 i.e.145 µg/m3 is observed at Ramnagar area due to Heavy Traffic movement along the SH-7. Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
PM2.5 levels were found ranging from 20 to 58 µg/m3. Value of PM2.5 is within the specified limits as per NAAQS but high in Ramnagar site. The highest PM2.5 levels i.e. 58 µg/m3 were found at Ramnagar area due to Heavy Traffic movement along the SH-7. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2):
SO2 levels were found ranging from 13.3 to 35.6 µg/m3, which is found quite below the national Ambient Air Quality Standard. The highest levels of SO2 were found at Ramanagr area. The main source of SO2 emission is from vehicular pollution. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx):
NOx levels were found ranging from 17.4 to 46.8 µg/m3, which is found quite below the national Ambient Air Quality Standard. The highest levels of NOx were found at Ramnagar Area. The main source of SO2 emission is from vehicular pollution. Carbon Monoxide (CO) CO concentration ranges from 250 μg/m3 to 690 μg/m3. Higher concentration were observed at Ramnagar area.
Overall the ambient air quality of the study area is meeting the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standard at all locations except Ramnagar, where the RSPM values are high in terms of NAAQS. This is mainly due to the heavy traffic load on SH-7 and other commercial activities in Ramnagar.
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Photographs of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
5.7. Ambient Noise Quality Ambient noise measurements were taken at 8 locations. Measurements were noted at an interval of 5 seconds over a period of 10 minutes per hour for 24-hours. Noise monitoring results for day time and night time is presented in Table 5.8.
Table 5.8 Ambient Noise Quality in Study Area Location Name
Category
Terminal Site
Industrial
Ramnagar
Commercial
64.5
65
54.8
55
Ralhupur
Residential
45.8
55
41.3
45
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Day time Standard Night time Leq dB(A) Day time Leq; dB(A) Leq; dB(A) 43.5 75 40.2
Standard Night time Leq; dB(A) 65
99
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Tahirpur
Residential
46.5
55
42.0
45
Bhitti
Residential
46.8
55
42.5
45
Madarwa
Residential
48.8
55
43.0
45
Sultanpur (Mauaza Rastapur)
Residential
47.3
55
42.9
45
Milkipur
Residential
46.4
55
42.5
45
5.7.1. Observation on Ambient Noise Quality: The ambient noise quality of the study area is meeting the prescribed National Ambient Noise Quality Standard for respective residential and commercial category at all locations.
5.8. Surface and Ground Water Quality Eight ground water samples and three surface water samples were collected from different locations during study period by following standard protocol. The water samples were examined for physico-chemical parameters and bacteriological parameters. The samples were collected and analysed as per the procedures specified in Standard Methods. Samples for chemical analyses were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples for bacteriological analyses were collected in sterilized bottles. Surface water sample were analyzed for various parameters and assessed using the CPCB’s BDU Criteria (Table 5.9)and also for other cations, anions and heavy metals. The name of sampling locations is presented in Table 5.10. The analysis results of surface water and groundwater are presented in Table 5.11 and Table 5.12.
Table 5.9: Best Designated Use Criteria for Surface Waters Streams Designated-BestUse Drinking Water Source without conventional treatment but after disinfection
Outdoor (Organised)
bathing
Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
Class of water A
Criteria
1. 2. 3.
Total Coliforms OrganismMPN/100ml shall be 50 or less pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more o
4.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20 C 2mg/l or less
1.
Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml < 500 MPN/100 ml pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more Biochemical Oxygen Demand < 3mg/l Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be < 5000 pH between 6 to 9 Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more
B
C
2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3.
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4. Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries
D
Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste disposal
E
Biochemical Oxygen Demand < 3mg/l 1. 2. 3. 1. 2.
BELOW ‘E’
pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Electrical Conductivity at 25oC:.< 2250 umhos/cm 3. Sodium Absorption Ratio < 26 4. Boron Max. 2mg/l Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria
Table 5.10 Name of Water Sampling Locations Ground Water Sampling Locations Code
Location
Source
1
GW1
Terminal Site
Borewell
2
GW2
Ramnagar
Handpump
3
GW3
Ralhupur
Handpump
4
GW4
Tahirpur
Handpump
5
GW5
Bhitti
Handpump
6
GW6
Madarwa
Handpump
7
GW7
Sultanpur Mauaza Rastapur
Handpump
8
GW8
Milkipur
Handpump Surface Water Sampling Locations
9
SW1
Gurha Nala
Nala
10
SW2
Ganga River upstream of Gurha Nala
River
11
SW3
Ganga River downstream of Gurha Nala
River
Table 5.11 : Surface Water Quality Sl.No.
Parameters
1 2 3 4
pH Conductivity, mhos/cm Total Dissolved Solids (mg/liter) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/liter) EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
Ganga River upstream of Gurha Nala 8.06 390 250 7.5
Ganga River downstream of Gurha Nala 8.24 408 260 6.9
Gurha Nala
5.8 1889 1218 0.2
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5 7
Bio-chamical Oxygen demand (for 3 days at 270C) (mg/liter) Fecal Coliform MPN/100 ml)
4.8
5.9
417
17200
21248
32100
Table 5.12 Ground Water Quality S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Parameters pH Turbidity (NTU) Conductivity, mhos/cm Suspended solids Dissolved solids Total Hardness as CaCO3 Chloride as Cl Sulphates as SO4 Nitrates as NO3 Fluoride as F Iron as Fe Zinc as Zn Calcium as Ca Magnesium as Mg Cadmium as Cd Copper as Cu Nickel as Ni Lead as Pb Mercury as Hg Chromium (Total as Cr) Arsenic as As Oil and Grease Total coliform MPN/100ml
GW-1 7.4 0.8 887 4 501 284 50 35 0.75 0.64 0.012 1.1 37 47 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.05 <0.025 Nil Nil
GW-2 7.14 0.5 490 3 253 212 7 13 0.07 0.03 0.020 1.0 39 27 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.05 <0.025 Nil Nil
GW-3 7.17 0.6 575 4 274 220 10 29 0.08 0.31 0.11 0.9 35 32 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.05 <0.025 Nil Nil
GW-4 7.3 0.5 462 2 318 272 14 15 0.95 0.40 0.12 1.0 32 47 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.05 <0.025 Nil Nil
Method APHA-4500 APHA-2030B APHA-4500 APHA-2540D APHA-2540B APHA-2340C APHA-4500B APHA-4500E APHA-4500 APHA-4500D APHA-3111B APHA-3111B APHA-3500B APHA-3500B APHA-3111B APHA-3111B APHA-3111B APHA-3111B APHA-3112 APHA-3111B APHA-3114 APHA-4500D APHA-9230B
Table 5.12 continue… Ground Water Quality S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Parameters pH Turbidity (NTU) Conductivity, mhos/cm Suspended solids Dissolved solids Total Hardness as CaCO3 Chloride as Cl Sulphates as SO4 Nitrates as NO3 Fluoride as F Iron as Fe Zinc as Zn EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
GW-5 7.5 1.8 493 4 316 172 16 5.0 0.7 0.34 0.12 0.9
GW-6 7.2 1.2 1012 6 648 152 168 90 0.6 0.40 0.16 1.0
GW-7 7.4 1.6 711 4 440 312 68 46 0.6 0.13 0.12 0.8
GW-8 7.2 1.0 975 5 600 420 151 125 0.8 0.7 0.13 1.1
Method APHA-4500 APHA-2030B APHA-4500 APHA-2540D APHA-2540B APHA-2340C APHA-4500B APHA-4500E APHA-4500 APHA-4500D APHA-3111B APHA-3111B 102
ESIAReport-MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Calcium as Ca Magnesium as Mg Cadmium as Cd Copper as Cu Nickel as Ni Lead as Pb Mercury as Hg Chromium (Total as Cr) Arsenic as As Oil and Grease Total coliform MPN/100ml
44 12.2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.05 <0.025 Nil Nil
36 19.5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.05 <0.025 Nil Nil
50 46 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.05 <0.025 Nil Nil
48 73 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.05 <0.025 Nil Nil
APHA-3500B APHA-3500B APHA-3111B APHA-3111B APHA-3111B APHA-3111B APHA-3112 APHA-3111B APHA-3114 APHA-4500D APHA-9230B
Observation on Water Quality: Surface water quality of the Ganga River in upstream and downstream point of project site was found to meet the Best Designated Use – ‘C’ Criteria of CPCB (fit for drinking after conventional treatment). Surface water quality of Nala is not meeting any of the category of Best Designated Use – ‘C’ Criteria of CPCB. The pH value of ground water samples at all locations varies from 7.17 – 7.50 and are within permissible limit. The conductivity values were found to be in the range of 462 – 1012 μmhos/cm. The chloride level was found to vary from 7 – 168 mg/l within permissible limit. The total hardness values were found to vary from 152 – 420 mg/l; within permissible limit. Calcium and Magnesium values were within the permissible limit. Zinc and Fe levels were found to be within the permissible limit. All the parameters in ground water sample were well within the permissible limit of Indian Standard IS: 10500-2012.
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Photographs of Water Sampling
5.9. Soil Quality Six soil samples were collected from agriculture fields and physico-chemical characteristics were analysed. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths; 1-5 cm, 10-20 cm and 40-50 cm below the surface. The samples were homogenized and the
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quantity was reduced using the coning and quartering method. The soil sampling location and analysis results of soil samples are presented in Table 5.12 and 5.13.
Table 5.12 Sr. No.
Location Code
1
S-1
2
S-2
3
S-3
4
S-4
5
S-5
6
S-6
Soil Sampling Locations
Location
Source Site
25°15'06.72"N 83°01'52.83" E
Agricultural field
25°15'31.43"N 83°01'55.54" E
Agricultural field
25°14'45.70" N 83°02'34.30" E 25°15'38.80" N 83°02'34.32" E 25°15'38.72"N 83°01'12.25" E
Terminal site Ralhupur Tahirpur
Coordinates
Agricultural field
Bhitti
Agricultural field
Madarwa
Agricultural field
Sultanpur Mauaza Rastapur
25°15'39.05"N 83°02'12.49" E
Table 5.13: Physicochemical Characteristics of Soil S. No.
Sampling Locations Parameter
Physical Characteristics 1. Texture 2. i) ii) iii) 3. 4. 5.
Unit
S-1
-
Clay Loam
Particle Size Distribution Sand % Silt % Clay % Porosity % Bulk Density gm/cc Water Holding % Capacity Chemical Characteristics 6. pH 20% Slurry 7. EC ds/m-1 8. CEC meq/100gm
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
Sandy Loam
Sandy Loam
Clay Loam
Sandy Loam
Sandy Loam
29 25 46 50.9 1.30 36
52 28 20 51.7 1.28 28
50 28 22 48.3 1.37 26
26 33 41 53.2 1.24 33
49 21 30 50.2 1.32 28
46 34 20 47.9 1.38 25
7.4
7.2
7.5
6.9
7.7
7.5
0.36 18
0.40 10
0.37 8
0.32 24
0.30 7
0.34 9
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9. i) ii) iii) 10. 11.
Available Nutrients Nitrogen as N kg/ha Phosphorus as P kg/ha Potassium as K kg/ha Organic Matter % Organic Carbon %
S. No. 1
280.2 16.2 168.8 0.90 0.52
346.8 11.5 220.2 0.83 0.48
313.2 13.8 184.3 0.78 0.45
363.4 14.2 245.7 0.86 0.50
294.8 15.5 212.4 0.88 0.51
336.4 12.9 206.5 0.76 0.44
Rating Chart for Soil Classification Test Parameters Classification pH
2
Salinity Electrical Conductivity (µS/cm)
3
Organic Carbon %
4
Nitrogen, kg/ha
5
Phosphorus, kg/ha
6
Potassium, kg/ha
pH<4.5 Extremely Acidic 4.5-5.0 Very Strongly Acidic 5.1-5.5 Strongly Acidic 5.6-6.0 Moderately Acidic 6.1-6.5 Slightly Acidic 6.6-7.3 Neutral 7.4-7.8 Slightly Alkaline 7.9-8.4 Moderately Alkaline 8.5-9.0 Strongly Alkaline Up to 1.00 Average 1.01-2.00 Harmful to Germination 2.01-3.00 Harmful to Crops (Sensitive to Salts) Low (below 0.50 %), Medium (0.50-0.75 %) and high (above 0.75 %) low (<280-kg/ha-1), medium (280 to 560-kg/ha1) and high (>560-kg/ha-1) low (<10-kg/ha-1), medium (10 to 25-kg/ha-1) and high (>25-kg/ha-1) low (<108-kg/ha-1), medium (108 to 280-kg/ha1) and high (>280-kg/ha-1)
Source: Soil Survey Manual (IARI, 1970) Observation on Soil Quality: pH of the soil samples ranges from 6.9 to 7.7 indicating the soils are neutral to slightly alkaline in nature. Texturally, the soils of study area are observed as Sandy Loam, & Clay Loam Soils. The organic Carbon content of soil ranges from 0.44 to 0.52 % (as 0.76 to 0.90% Organic Matter), thereby implying that soils are medium in organic content. Available Nitrogen content in the surface soils ranges between 193.4 to 262.8-kg/ha. Available Phosphorus content ranges between 11.5 & 16.2-kg/ha. Available potassium content in these soils ranges between168.8 to 245.7-kg/ha. Overall the soil of the study area is moderately fertile.
5.10. Land Use Remote sensing data provides reliable accurate baseline information for land use mapping, as it is a rapid method of acquiring up-to-date information of over a large geological area. EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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ESIAReport-MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
A systematic digital image interpretation approach was used to delineate the land use classes. The present study was focused on demarcating boundaries of different land use/land cover units from an analysis of different types of colour registrations of land use/land cover units from satellite imagery. Data used in the land use map preparation is the satellite Imagery of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS- ID , sensor P6, LISS III) of 24 m resolution. The Swath of the imagery is 141 Km x 141 Km. Band used are 2, 3 4 and 5. LANDSAT imagery of 30 meter resolution and 185 x 185 km swath is also used for the comparative and overall analysis of the area. LISS III imagery and LANDSAT 4-5 TM imagery were used for the complete coverage of the study area. Band used are 2, 3 and 4. As per the land use based on satellite image, about 57.87% of the land is under cultivation. About 29.85% of the land is under settlement, about 6.2% land is under water bodies and rest of the land is under other uses. Land use / land cover map of 10 km study area has been show in Figure 5.10 and Table 5.13.
Table 5.13 Land use of the Study Area Sl. No.
Land use Category
Area( Sq km)
Area in %
1
Agricultural land
182.20
57.87
2
Settlement
93.96
29.85
3
Waterbody
19.52
6.20
4
Vegetation
10.96
3.48
5
Open land
3.41
1.08
6
Dry river bed
4.76
1.51
Total
314.81
100
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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ESIAReport-MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Figure 5.10 Land use/ Land Cover Map of Study Area
5.11. Biological Environment 5.11.1. Flora Flora refers to a systematic account of plants of any specific area and it provides keys and descriptions of plants for their identification. Although, the primary aim of a flora is identification of plant species, it also provides other useful data on plants such as their local / vernacular names, distribution, correct names, uses, etc. The baseline ecological surveys were carried out, based on various secondary sources (Forest Department Data, Scientific Studies and previous similar studies) which are further validated from through field observations and interaction with local people. Present biological assessment was carried out for core zone (at the economic zone site and offsite facilities areas) and buffer zone (10 km surrounding the core zone area). Core Zone –Ecological assessment Terminal site
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The proposed site is devoid of any major plantation. Some agriculture activities were taken up by nearby villagers within the land in the past but these activities have been discontinued now. Now the land is categorized as fallow land. There are about 12 small trees of Khajur (Phoenix sylvestris) and 8 trees of Babool shrubs (Acacia spp.), which are present in the identified land.
Vegetation at Site
Access Road to Terminal site The access road to connect site crosses through the Ralhupur villages. This road is pucca upto the Rahlpur village. About 700 m stretch that connect terminal site to Rahlupur village need to be some leveling and widening. Trees of Jamun, Peepal, Babul and Sisham etc are present along this road. Houses and shops also exist along these road. The access road (700 m stretch that have to develop) is almost clear, only one or two trees of Jamun, is present along the road alignment that may be removed. One big tree also require some lopping for clearing the passes.
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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ESIAReport-MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
Vegetation along approach Road
Buffer Zone –Ecological assessment Buffer area of 10 km is considered for studying the ecology around the project site. Study area has terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. The Ganga river is the main water body for aquatic ecosystem in the study area. The river system of the area is rich in aquatic flora and fauna. Substantial fishing and boating activities are also carried out in Ganga River. Varanasi constitutes the representative part of the upper Gangetic plain of eastern Uttar Pradesh. There is no forest present within the 10 km area of the study site. The vegetation point of view the study area can be divided in to following two parts. 1. Urban area 2. Vegetation in BHU 3. Cultivated area 1. Urban Area: maximum part of the study area is in west, north and northeast side is under the settlement. Most of the land is under urban development and vegetation is restricted to road side only. 2. The entire campus of Banaras Hindu University (area 1300 acres) is floristically very rich. It comprises of many plants of the eastern Uttar Pradesh. The campus has huge Botanical and Ayurvedic gardens where plants of different regions of India have been planted. The ground flora of these gardens are quite rich as a result of favourable moisture conditions, high humidity and high humus conditions. A large number of medicinal plants are planted in the Ayurvedic garden. The University has its own agriculture farm from where crop field weeds of different season may be collected. The campus has many roadside trees. The avenues of trees and green plants give a resort like atmosphere to the campus. Several weeds grow in different seasons along these roads. It has many ponds and ditches which provide favourable conditions for growth for many
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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hydrophytes. Besides, there are many climbers and cultivated plants in different lawns of the campus. The lawns are surrounded by hedge plants. 3. Rural area: Eastern and south-eastern part of the study area is rural and agricultural activities are practiced. In this part of the study area, most of the land is under cultivation. Further, the vegetation is sparse, which include timber, fruit, ornamental trees and shrubs. Vegetation is restricted along the road side, agriculture field, along the pond side and other open areas. The most characteristic tree is Accasia arabica, Bombax ceiba, Dalbergia sissoo, Delbergia sisoo, Azdirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa and accacia spp are common. Ground vegetation covered by dominant shrubs and herbs is Argemone mexicana, Vitex negundo, Chirchitta, Xanthium strumarium Ipomea spp. Sida cardifolia, Zizyphus mauritiana, Achyranthus aspera, Cyanodon dactylon, etc.
The list of the plant species observed in the study area is given Table 5.14
Table 5.14 List of Common Plant Species Present in Study Area Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
Botanical Name Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. A.catechu Willd. A.nilotica Linn. Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa Albizia lebbeck Linn. A.procera Roxb. Annona squamosa Linn. Anogeissus pardula Edgew. Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A.Rich. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Azadirachta indica Juss. Bauhinia variegata Linn. Bombax ceiba linn. Borassus flabellifer Linn. Boswellia serrata Roxb. Buchnania latifolia Roxb. Butea monosperma (Linn.) DC. Callistemon lanceolatus DC Calotropis gigentea (Linn.) R.Br. C. procera (Ait.) R.Br. Caryota urens Linn. Cassia fistula Linn. Casurina equisetifolia J.R. Cinnamomum.tamala Fr.
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
Vernacular Name Australian Babool Kattha, khair Babool Bel, Shreephal Siris Safed siris Sharifa Dhav Kadamb Kathar Neem Kachnar Semal Tad Shalki Chiraunji Dhak, palas Bottlebrush Madar Madar Fish tail palm Amaltas Vilayati Jhau Tejpat
Family Mimosaceae Mimosaceae Mimosaceae Rutaceae Mimosaceae Mimosaceae Annonaceae Combretaceae Rubiaceae Moraceae Meliaceae Caesalpiniaceae Bombacaceae Arecaceae Burseraceae Anacardiaceae Papilionaceae Myrtaceae Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Arecaceae Caesalpiniaceae Casurinaceae Lauraceae 111
ESIAReport-MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.
Citrus aurantifolia (Christ.) Swingle. C.limon(Linn.) Burm. C.maxima(Burm.) Merr. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Delonix regia (Boj.) Rafin. Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Eryobotrya japonica (Thumb.) Lindle. Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker Ficus benghalensis Linn. F. hispida Linn. F.racemosa Linn. F. religiosa Linn. F. virens Ait. Grewia hainesiana Hole. Gmelia arborea Roxb. Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.)Wt. Madhuca indica Gmel Melia azedirach linn. Mallotus philippinensis Lamk. Mangifera indica Linn. Moringa oleifera Lamk. Morus alba Linn. Pithocellobium dulce (Roxb.)Benth. Phoenix sylvestris (L.)Roxb. Prunus persica (L.)Stokes. Prosopis cineraria (L.)Mac. Psidium guajava Linn. Punica granatum Linn. Pongamia pinnata Sapindus emarginatus Vahl. S.mukorossi Gaertn. Saraca asoka (Roxb.) Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. Syzygium cumini (L.)Skeels. Tamarindus indica Linn. Tectona grandis Linn. Terminalia slata Heyne T.arjuna Roxb. T.belerica Gaertn. T.catappa Linn.
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
Kagzinimboo Jamerinimboo Chakodra Sheesham Gulmohar Amla Lukat Dhavaldhak Eucalyptus Bargad Kathgular Gular Peepal Pakar Phalsa Gambhar Shoobabool Mahua Bakain Kampilak Am Sahjan Shehtoot jangal jilebi Khajur Aru Shammi Amrood Anar Karanj Rithi Ritha ashok, sita ashok Kusum Jamun Imli Sagun Asna Arjun Bahera desi badam
Rutaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Papilionaceae Caesalpiniaceae Euphorbiaceae Rosaceae Papilionaceae Myrtaceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Teliaceae Verbenaceae Mimosaceae Sapotaceae Meliaceae Euphorbiaceae Anacardiaceae Moringaceae Moraceae Mimosaceae Arecaceae Rosaceae Mimosaceae Myrtaceae Punicaceae Papileonacaea Sapindaceae Sapindaceae Caesalpiniaceae Sapindaceae Myrtaceae Caesalpiniaceae Verbenaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae 112
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66. 67. 68.
T.chebula Retz. Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk. Z.nummularis (burm.f.)Wt.&Arn.
Shrubs/ Herbs Botanical Name Sl. No. 1. Achyranthes aspera Linn. 2. Adhatoda zealanica Medik. 3. Argemone mexicana Linn. 4. Artabotrys hexapetalus Linn. 5. Asparagus racemosus Willd. 6. Cannabis sativa Linn. 7. Canscora decussata (Roxb.) Roem. 8. Carissa carundas linn. 9. Cassia.occidentalis Linn. 10. Cassia.tora Linn. 11. Catharanthus roseus (Linn.) G.Don 12. Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urban 13. Cestrum diurnum Linn. 14. C.nocturnum Linn. 15. Chenopodium album Linn. 16. Curculago orchioides Gaet. 17. Datura metel Linn. 18. Euphorbia hirta Linn. 19. H. rosa-chinensis Linn. 20. Holoptelia integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. 21. Ipomea. cairica (L.)Sweet 22. Ipomea. carnea Mart 23. J. grandiflorum Linn. 24. Lawsonia inermis Linn. 25. Leucas aspera Willd. 26. Linum usitattissimum Linn. 27. Mimosa pudica Linn. 28. Murraya koenigii (L.)Spreng. 29. Nerium indicum Mill. 30. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. 31. Ocimum americanum Linn. 32. O.sanctum linn. 33. Oxalis corniculata linn. 34. Phalaris minor Retz. EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
Hara Ber kanta ber
Combretaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae
Vernacular Name Chirchida Arus, Vasak Bharbhar Kateli Champa Satawari Bhang Sankhphuli Karaunda Bara Chakwar Chhota Chakwar Sadabahar Brahmi Din ka Raja Rat ki rani Bathua kali musli Dhatura Dudhia gurhal, arhul Chilbil railway creeper Bahaya Chameli Mehandi Gum tisi, alsi chui mui Meethineem Kaner Harsingar Bantulsi Tulsi Khatmithi gehun ka mama
Family Amaranthaceae Acanthaceae Papaveraceae Annonaceae Liliaceae Cannabinaceae Gentianaceae Apocynaceae Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpiniaceae Apocynaceae Apiaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Chenopodiaceae Hypoxidaceae Solanaceae Euphorbiaceae Malvaceae Ulmaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Oleaceae Lythraceae Lamiaceae Linaceae Mimosaceae Rutaceae Apocynaceae Oleaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Oxalidaceae Poaceae 113
ESIAReport-MultimodalRiver Water Terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P., India
35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43.
Pothos aureus Hort. Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. Rauvolfia serpentina (L.)Benth. S. nigrum Linn. S.verginianum Linn. Thevetia peruviana (Pers.)K.Schum. Trichosanthes anguina Linn. Tribulus terrestris Linn. Xanthium strumarium Linn.
money plant kanak champa Sarpgandha Makoy bengani, bhatkataya pila kaner Chichida Gokhru Gokhru
Araceae Sterculiaceae Apocynaceae Solanaceae Solanaceae Apocynaceae Cucurbitaceae Zygophyllaceae Asteraceae
Climber/grasses Sl. No. Botanical Name 1. Alysicarpus monilifer (Linn.) DC 2. Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. 3. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. 4. Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers. 5. Cyperus rotundus Linn. 6. I. cairica (L.)Sweet 7. Macuna pruriens Baker 8. Millingtonia hortensis Linn. 9. Sachharum officinarum Linn. 10. Sachharum.spontaneum Linn. 11. Vetiveria zizanioides (L.)Nash
Vernacular Name Juhighas Bans amarbel, akashbel Doob Motha railway creeper Kawanch akash neem Ikh Kaas Khas
Family Papilionaceae Poaceae Cuscutaceae Poaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Papilionaceae Bignoniaceae Poaceae Poaceae Poaceae
Cultivated Plants Botanical Name Sl. No. 1. Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moen. 2. Allium cepa Linn. 3. A.sativum Linn. 4. Amaranthus tricolor Linn. 5. A. viridis Linn. 6. Brassica compestris Linn. 7. Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Mill. 8. Capsicum annuum Linn. 9. Carica papaya Linn. 10. Coccinia cordifolia (Linn.) Cogn. 11. Coriandrum sativum Linn. 12. Cuminum cyminum linn. 13. Cucumis melo Linn. 14. Cucurbita maxima Dutch.
Vernacular Name Bhindi Pyaj Lahsun Lalsag Chaurai Sarson Arhar Mirch Papita Kundra Dhaniya Jeera Kakri Kaddu
Family Malvaceae Liliaceae Liliaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Brassicaceae Papilionaceae Solanaceae Caricaceae Cucurbitaceae Apiaceae Apiaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae
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15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
Daucus carota Linn. Dolichos lablab Linn. Lagenaria leucantha duch. lens culinaris Medik. L. cylindrica Linn. Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Mentha spicata Linn. Momordica charantia Linn. Oryza sativa Linn. Pennisetum tphoides (Burm.)Stapf. Phaseolus aureus Roxb. P.mungo Linn. Pisum sativum Linn. Raphanus sativus Linn. Solanum melongena Linn. Spinacia oleracia Linn. Trachyspermumammi (L.) Sprague. trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Triticum aestivum Linn. Zea mays Linn. Zingiber officinale Rosc.
Gajar Sem Lauki Masur ghia taroi Tamatar Pudina Karela Dhan Bajra Moong Urd Matar Mooli Baigan Palak Ajwain Methi Gehun Makka Adarak
Apiaceae Papilionaceae Cucurbitaceae Papilionaceae Cucurbitaceae Solanaceae Lamiaceae Cucurbitaceae Poaceae Poaceae Papilionaceae Papilionaceae Papilionaceae Brassicaceae Solanaceae Chenopodiaceae Apiaceae Papilionaceae Poaceae Poaceae Zingiberaceae
Vegetation of aquatic and marshy habitat: the plants of aquatic and wetland habitat found in the BHU campus can be classified as follows: 1. Free-floating hydrophytes: These are in contact with water and air only. In the stagnant water of these ponds some free floating hydrophytes are found. These are commonly represented by Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Lemna paucicostata. Hegel, Pistia stratiotes Linn and Wolfia arrhiza (Linn.) Horkel. 2. Attached
submerged
hydrophytes:
Eleocharis
dulcis
(Burm.f.)
Trinius,
Hrdrilla
verticillata(Linn.f.) Royle. And Vallisneria spiralis Linn. are the common attached submerged hydrophytes. These hydrophytes make large patches on the substratum and under surface of the pond water. 3. Attached hydrophytes with free floating leaves: these are in contact with oil, water as well as air. Aponogeton natans(linn.) Eng., Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and Nymphaea nouchali Burm. are the common species in ditches and ponds of the campus. 4. Weeds along roadsides: Places along the roads are occupied by different herbaceous plant species. Some of the common weeds growing along roadsides in the study area are: Cassia
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occidentalis Linn., C.tora Linn.,Argemone mexicana, Chirchitta, Xanthium strumarium Ipomea spp. Parthenium hysterophorus Linn., Sida cordifolia Linn., Sida rhombifolia Linn. etc.,
Road Side Trees: A few common trees planted along road-side are: Albizia lebbeck Linn., Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) R.Br., Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) Rich., Azadirachta indica Juss., Bauhinia purpurea Linn., B.variegata Linn., Bombax ceiba Linn., Callistemon lanceolatus DC., Cassia fistula Linn., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf., Eucalyptus citriodora Hook., Ficus benghalensis Linn. F. religiosa Linn., Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels, Tectona grandis Linn. and terminalia arjua Roxb..Rare and Endangered Plant Species in the Study Area: In the study area, no rare and endangered plant species was observed (Source: Red Data Book of Indian Plants, N.P Nayar and A. P. K. Sastry, B.S.I. 1988).
5.11.2.
Fauna
There is no protected and reserved forest present in the study area (10 km radius). The study area has no forest land as evident from the topography map and land use records. The only vegetation is scanty scrub-land that too in patches. The vegetation is dominated by acacia species. Such scanty vegetation coupled by speedy industrial development and residential development has left the area devoid of any significant faunal species or wildlife. List of flora and fauna found in the study area has been obtained from the Working Plan of Forest Department. The list has been be validated during the field visit and / or interviewing the Zoology and Botany Professors of Banaras Hindu University, Local people or by cross checking with other published documents / books. The terrestrial fauna includes common invertebrates and vertebrates. 44 birds species, 10 species of reptiles and amphibians and 11 species of mammals are recorded in the study area. Peacock is the only schedule-I species present in the study area. No other schedule-I species of Wildlife (Protection) Act.,972 is present in the study area. The list of faunal species is given in Table 5.15.
Table 5.15: List of Wildlife Found in Study Area Mammals S.N. Local name
English name
Zoological name
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Jackal Common Indian hare Five stripped squirrel Short nosed fruit bat Field rat Indian fox Monkey Mangoose Jungle cat Indian porcupine
Canisaureus Lepusruficaudatus Funambuluspennant Cynopterussphinx Bandicotabenghalensis Vulpusbenghalensis Macacamulatta Herpetesedwardsi Felischaus Hystrixindica
Siyar Kharghosh Gilhari Chamgadad Chooha Lomadi Bandar Neola Jangli billi Shahi
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11
Neel gai
Blue bull
Boselaphus tragocamelus
Amphibia and Reptiles S.N. Common /English name
Zoological name
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9.
Bungaruscaeruleus Ptyasmucosus Enhydrisenhydris Calotesversicolor Najanaja Viperaruselli Duttaphrynusmelanostictus Microhylaornata
Common Karait Dhaman/Indian Rat snake Dhondwa/Water sanke Girgit (Garden lizard) Nag/Cobra Russel viper Common toads Small frog
III
Status (WLP Act.1972) Schedule IV II IV II II V V
Avifaunal: Avifauna is an important part of the ecosystem playing the various roles as scavengers, pollinators, predators of insect, pest, etc. They are also one of the bio indicators of different status of environment and affected by urbanization, industrialization and human interference. They can be used as sensitive indicators of pollution and malfunction of ecosystem. The area is inhibited by residents forms of a large numbers of raptors like the Brahmini kite (Haliasur Indus) and Hawk Eagle (Nasiaetus fasciatus) The nocturnal birds found in the area are Bat (Pteropus giganteus) Owl (Bobo bobo), Bee-Eaters, Swallows (Hirundo rustica), Shrikes, Fairy Birds and Wegtails. All the birds are found near fresh waters and wet irrigated fields feeding actively on insects. List of bird species observed in the study area are given in Table 5.16.
Table 5.16 Sl No 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
List of the Birds Surveyed / Recorded in the Study Area
Common Name
Scientific Name
Blue Rock Pigeon Bank Myna Baya Weaver Black Drongo Blossom headed Parakeet Bleu throated Barbet Brown Shrike Brahmini Kite Cattle Egret Crow Pheasant Crimson breasted Barbet Common Swallow Common Tailorbird
Columbia livia Acridotheres ginginianus Ploceus philippinus Dicrurus adsimilis Psittacula Cyanocephala Megalaima asiatica Lanius Cristatus
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Haliasur Indus Bubukus ibis Centropus sinensis Megalaima haemacephala Hirundo rustica Orthotomus sutorius 117
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14. Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis 15. Dove Streptopelia decaocto 16. Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala 17. Greater cookoo Centropus sinensis Lanius tephronotus 18. Grey backed shrike 19. Golden Back Woodpecker Dinopium benghalense 20. Hawk Eagle Nasiaetus fasciatus 21. House Crow Corvus splendens 22. House Swift Apus affinis 23. Hoopoe Upupa spops 24. House Sparrow Passer domesticus 25. Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis 26. India Tree Pie Dendocitta vagabunda 27. Indian Ring Dove Streptopelia decapctp 28. Jungle crow Corvus macrorthynchos 29. Jungle Babler Turdoides striatus 30. Koel Eudynamys scolopacea 31. Kingfisher - Common Alcedo atthis 32. Little Brown Dove Streptopelia senegalensis 33. Large Pied Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis 34. Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis 35. Mayna - Brahminy Sturnus pagodarum 36. Mayna - Common Acridotheres tristis 37. Owl Bobo bobo 38. Peacock Pavao cristatus 39. Pariah Kite Milvus migrans 40. Pond Heron Ardeala grayii 41. Redwattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus 42. Red Turtle Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica 43. Rose ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri 44. Redvented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer 44. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Endangered, Rare and threatened Species- With reference to the list of endangered species prepared by Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, none of the terrestrial faunal species present in the study area belonged to the 'endangered' category. Schedule-I Fauna: With reference to the list of schedule-I fauna listing of wildlife Protection Act 1972, No schedule-I terrestrial fauna (except peacock which is of least concern category of Wildlife Protection) is present within 10 km area of the proposed terminal site.
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5.11.3. Kashi Turtle Sanctuary Location: Kashi Turtle Sanctuary is located about 2.27 km in north direction from the proposed Ramnagar terminal. Map showing proposed terminal, Ramnagar fort and location of the turtle sanctuary is given in Figure 5.11.
Figure 5.11 Map Showing Location of Turtle Sanctuary and other Environment Features
Establishment of Turtle Wild Life Sanctuary (Legal Status) To safeguard the released turtles and their natural habitat in the Ganga River, under the U.P. State Administration Forests Act,Section-3,Part-4170/14-3-62,dated 21-12-1989,the area of the mid section of the Ganga River, Flowing through Varanasi city and measuring around 7-km has been declared as the Turtle Wild Life Sanctuary under which, the area between Ramnagar Fort to Malviya Rail/Road Bridge (Raj Ghat Bridge) has been declared as the Turtle Wild Life Sanctuary, Varanasi, Along with the turtles, other species of aquatic animals which inhabit this area are also being provided complete protection.The Sanctuary forms the part of Ganga Action Plan.
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History: According to a mention in the religious scriptures of the Hindu it is believed that if a person dies in the Holy city of Kashi or his funeral rites are performed at Kashi, the person will have access to the heaven and will be free from the cycle of birth and rebirth. In pursuance of this belief people from far and near bring dead to city of Varanasi for performing the last rites at the numerous Ghats on the bank of River Ganga. Brunt and and half brunt corpuses are immersed in the river and are a major reason for the increased pollution level with waste garbage dumping in the Ganga. With this in mind the Ganga Action Plan support the organic removal of dead bodies by supporting the breeding and release of turtles in the river water. The basic idea to setup the sanctuary was to club the dwindling of turtle population which is on the verge of extension and also by releasing carnivorous turtles, that would feed on the remains of the corpses and would help in reducing the organic and harmful waste emanating from the corpses and also in the process providing for food to the diminishing population of turtles and help them survive, grow and breed and increase their number. Under the Turtle Rehabilitation Plan Turtle Breeding Center were set up in Sarnath. This in turn leads to further addition to river pollution. In order to check this biological pollution and to make River Ganges free of pollutants, Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase I, has started in the year 1986 by the Govt. of India, with a tortoise breeding project with its breeding centre at Sarnath where tortoise (both herbivores &Carnivores) are hatched and reared for one to one and half year and then are left into River Ganges to remove the bio-pollutants like partly cremated and dead bodies directly thrown in the river. The eggs of these turtles are specially procured from river Chambal. Tortoise were released annually in the Ganga River. To protect these tortoise and secure their habitat Kachhua Sanctuary, spreading over seven km. from Rajghat (Malviya Rail Road Bridge) to Ramnagar Fort, was declared Wildlife Protection Zone, under U.P. Govt. Order (No. 4170/043-62/89 dated 21-12-1989) under the provisions of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972, after launching the Ganga Action Plan (GAP). The existence of motor boats and sand mining in the protected zone of the Sanctuary is prohibited, as tortoise lay eggs in the sand of the river banks. Tortoise Sanctuary has its own importance to clean the water. In the Kachhua (tortoise) Sanctuary mainly Aspederites Gangetic (self shell turtles), Geoclamis, Hamiltonai, Chitra Indica & Lasimous which are carnivorous species and hard shelled herbivorous tortoise- Pechra, Kachhua, Sundri Kachhua, Kachhua Tentoria, Kachhua Tongoka are in abundance. The year wise details of turtle released in the sanctuary is provided in following Table 5.17.
Table 5.17 Year wise details of Turtle Released in the Sanctuary S.No. 1 2 3 4
Turtle eggs Collection yr. 1987 1988 1989 1990
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No. of eggs brought to the department 5290 9402 12006 13879
No. of turtles from the eggs
No. of turtles dispatched by the department
3126 4271 6928 6845
100 2554 3677
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5 1991 9997 5386 6773 6 1992 5116 3535 8224 7 1993 7592 From year 1994 to 2003 due to unavailability of the funds, turtle rehabilitation work was stopped. Again in year 2002-2003, fund were granted to Turtle Rehabilitation Centre, Sarnath and the work of turtle rehabilitation was started again. Details given below: 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
3000 3000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
1520 1777 1110 1154 1028 1042 1333 831 0
1549 1777 1110 1154 1028 1042 1333
Sarnath Turtle Breeding Center At the Sarnath centre, the eggs of the carnivorous species of turtles (the “Kathawa”-Aspadiritis Gangatic) were brought from the Chambal River-and the new-borns were brought up at the breeding centre under controlled conditions. One hatching room and three artificial ponds has been created in the ceneter where these turtle where tortoise (both herbivores & Carnivores) are hatched and reared for one to one and half year. Once they reached the right age they were released in the waters of the Ganga River. Under this plan, during the period 1987-1992, 55690 turtle eggs were brought to the Sarnath Breeding Centre from the Chambal River, out of which 30091 new borns were reared, of these 28920 were released in the Ganga River. In the period 2005-2006, eggs were again brought from the Chambal River and 3297 new borns were reared and in March 2009 and of these, 1549 were released in the Ganga River.
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Figure 5.12: Turtle Breeding Center Sarnath
5.11.4. Aquatic Ecosystem As discussed earlier, during its course of 2525 km, River Ganga is joined by numerous tributaries, large and small with varying flows with characteristic flora and fauna. Some of the important tributaries include Alaknanda (Mandakini, Pindar, Nandakini), Ramganga, Kali, Yamuna (Chambal, Sind, Betwa and Ken), Gomti, Ghagra, Gandak, Tons, Son, Punpun, Burhi Gandak and Kosi. Downstream of Varanasi, the Varuna joins the Ganga on the left bank at Khalispur. The river then flows to Ghazipur, where it joins the united stream of two major tributaries, the Sai and the Gomti. The river Ganga supports biological growth with rich flora and fauna represented by producers (periphyton and phytoplankton), consumers (zoobenthos and zooplankton), fishes and higher aquatic vertebrates. The fish population of the river Ganga includes the Indian Major Carps, other Carps, Mullets, Clupeids, Feather backs, large/ small Catfishes and miscellaneous fishes. The main stem of Ganga has been differentiated into three stretches and ten sub-stretches based on habitat, substrate and ecology. The upper stretch is mountainous with cold water, high velocities and low nutrient concentration. The middle and lower reaches are in plains with river meandering, flood plains, comparatively moderate water temperatures, reduced velocity and
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increased sediment load with nutrients present in sufficient quantities due to large human interventions. The Lower Ganga (LG) stretch comprises Varanasi to Ganga Sagar (1134 kms) is divided into LG- A comprising LG-1. Varanasi-Patna, LG-2. Patna-Bhagalpur, LG-3. Bhagalpur-Farakka and LG-B comprising LG-4. Farakka-Ganga Sagar. The fresh water zone of lower Ganga has been considered a single stretch (LG- A) from Varanasi to Farakka. The slope of the river Ganga is appreciably reduced from Varanasi to Farakka due to silting. In this region, sediment load is very high and the substrate is silt over sand8. The river in lower reach has problems of sediment load, flooding and silt deposition through a meandering water course. The flows are comparatively higher after the confluence of major tributaries. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos and Macro-invertebrates The fish population of Ganga is largely dependent on the flora and fauna produced in the system including phytoplankton, zooplankton, periphyton and zoobenthos which establishes itself in the form of food chain. Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) are predominantly present throughout the river with increase in diversity through upper Ganga, middle Ganga and lower Ganga. The green algae (Chlorophyceae) appear scantily in upper Ganga, gradually increases in species richness in middle Ganga and becomes dominant in Lower Ganga (LG-A). The blue green algae (Cyanophyceae) are poorly represented in the upper Ganga. The forms, however, increase in middle Ganga and lower Ganga and shows up as dominant group in Lower Ganga stretch (LGB). Phytoplankton Phytoplankton constitutes the main autotrophic component of GangaRiver. They are microscopic, free floating and belong to ten classes of algae of which Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Chlorophyceae, comprises 93% of the taxa. The other seven classes are Euglenophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Rhodophyceae and Synurophyceae. The most productive stretches of the river Ganga are middle and lower. The diatoms constitute the major group in upper Ganga, while diatoms, green algae and blue green algae in that order represent the dominant group in the middle Ganga and green algae, diatoms and blue green algae predominate in the lower Ganga. In addition, the lower Ganga also includes the other seven classes as well.
8
Floral and Faunal Diversity in Lower Ganga (Varanasi to Farakka), GRB EMP: GangaRiver Basin Environment Management Plan, Report Code: 026_GBP_IIT_ENB_DAT_03_Ver 1_Jun 2012
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Zooplanktons They are represented by Protozoans, Rotifers, Copepods, Cladocera and other Crustaceans/ Arthropods in middle and lower Ganga. The notable contributors in LG-B, in addition are Cnidarians and Chaetognaths. The zoobenthos type is dependent on the substratum. Larvae of Insecta are common on hard substrates (upper Ganga) while Annelids, Nematodes and Molluscs on soft substrate (silt over sand) in middle and lower Ganga. In Varanasi-Farakka stretch all groups are represented, though are low in specific composition. Zoobenthos and Macro-invertebrates The Ganga is a natural repository of a wide range of fauna. Besides fish, higher vertebrates and zooplankton some other animals constitute a link of operative food chain in the system. They include zoobenthos and macro-invertebrates. A large number of insects, annelids, crustaceans and molluscs have been reported in the entire stretch depending largely on the type of substratum. Hard substratum consisting of boulders, cobbles, stone and pebbles support breeding places of insect larvae. Part of middle and lower Ganga with soft substratum and accumulation of lignocellulosic materials supports insects of order Diptera, Coleopteran, and Hemiptera. In addition, soft substratum supports Annelids, Nematodes and Molluscs. The benthic community of lower Ganga (LG-A) is reported to be very rich in diversity and high in abundance in the region around Patna. Ninety five invertebrate taxa have been recorded including Annelids, Molluscs, Insects and Crustaceans which included 12 taxa of marine originated families also (Nereididae, Nephtheidae, Ozobranchidae, Stenothyridae, Arcidae, Psammobiidae, Mysidae, Corallanidae and Hymenosomatidae) The data reveals a high representation of Annelids (21%), Molluscs (36%), Insects and others Arthropods (43%). The Molluscs (46 taxa) of which Gastropods are represented by 26 taxaand Pelecypoda by 20 taxa. Among Annelids, Oligocheaetes 14 taxa are predominant overPolycheates (3 taxa) and Hirudinea (9 taxa). Order Mysida, Isopoda, Decapoda and Insecta represented Arthropods. The Insecta was however more than other Arthropods constituted with Odonata, Trichoptera,Lepidoptera, Diptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera.
Fisheries The river Ganga supports 294 indigenous and exotic species of fishes. These fishes are grouped under 81 families and167genera as given in Table 5.18
Table5.18 : Total number of fishes (taxa) in river Ganga Categories (a) Numberoffishfromfresh water (b) Numberoffishfrombrackish waters (c)Commoncartilaginousfishes(Chondrichthyes)
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Species 178 103+72* 13
Genus 89 69 9
Families 37 37 7
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Total *Common in freshwaterzone
294
167
81
Outof297speciesrecordedfromtheriver,more than 100 species are reported to have commercial importance9. Fish in Lower Ganga The Lower Ganga includes a very large river stretch from Varanasi to Farakka and equally large estuarine zone of Hooghly Matlah Estuary. The fresh water portion lies partly in Bihar and partly in Uttar Pradesh and runs for about 701 km (LG-A). The conditions in fresh water zone and estuarine zone (LG-B) are different in water quality parameters and, more so, in diversity of flora and fauna. The zone (LG-A) sustains 121 fish species belonging to 36 families and 74 genera. The most important groups are Cyprinidae which include 40 species. The important species are Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Labeo calbasu and Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo bata, L. boga, L. dero, L. fimbriatus, L. gonius and L. pangasius. Some other Cyprinids are Amblypharyngodon mola, Aspidoparia morar, Barilius (3 sp.),Chagunius chagunio, Chela bacaila, C. laubuca, Danio, Esomus, Garra, Laubuca, Ostreobama and Puntius (6 sp.). Bagarius bagarius, Mystus, Clupisoma garua, Eutropiichthys vacha, Ompok bimaculatus, Ompok pabda, Rita rita, Pangasius pangasius, Silonia silondia and Wallago attu are the reported groups of catfishes. Exotic fishes namely Cyprinus carpio and Oreochromis niloticus are also present in the stretch in sizeable population. Another commercially important fish of the reach is Tenulosa ilisha which at one time was a prominent commercially important fish prior to the construction of Farakka barrage in 1975 has now become a rarity. Tenulosa is not able to migrate upstream for breeding upto Varanasi due to physical barriers at Farakka dam10. The other species reported are Notopterus notopterus and N. chitala (Notoptridae), Setipinna phasa (Engraulidae), Glossogobius giuris (Gobeidae), Heteropnuestis fossilis (Heteropneustidae), Clarias batracus (Clariidae), Xenentodon cancilla (Belonidae) and 9 Status of Fish and Fisheries of GangaRiver, GRB EMP: GangaRiver Basin Environment Management Plan, Report Code, Report Code: 030_GBP_IIT_ENB_DAT_08_Ver 1_Jun 2012
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Floral and Faunal Diversity in Lower Ganga (Varanasi to Farakka), GRB EMP: GangaRiver Basin Environment Management Plan, Report Code: 026_GBP_IIT_ENB_DAT_03_Ver 1_Jun 2012
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Mastacembalus armatus (Mastacembalidae). The distribution of economically important genera (commercially important) is given in Table 5.19.
Table 5:19 Distribution of economically important fishes in lower Ganga LG-1
LG-2
LG-3
IMC 1 Catlacatla + + + 2 Cirrhinusmrigala + + + 3 Labeocalbasu + + + 4 L. rohita + + + OtherCarps 5 Cirrhinusreba + + + 6 Labeobata + + + 7 L.dero + 8 L.pangusia + + + LargeCatfish 9 Bagariusbagarius + + + 10 Pangasiuspangasius + + 11 Ritarita + + + 12 Siloniasilondia + + 13 Sperataaor + + + 14 S. seenghala + + + 15 Wallagaattu + + + OtherCatfish 16 Ailiacoila + + + 17 Clupisomagarua + + + 18 Eutropiichthysvacha + + + 19 Ompokbimaculatus + + + 20 O.pabda + + + Clupeoides 21 Gudusiachapra + + + 22 Setipinnaphasa + + + 23 Tenualosailisha + + + Fishes of the lower Ganga from Varanasi to Farakka is given in Annexure IV
LG-4 + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
The lower Ganga from Varanasi to Farakka is one of the largest productive stretch for the inland catch fisheries. This is also borne out by the fact that out of nine important fish catch centers located on the river Ganga five are located on this stretch viz. Varanasi, Buxar, Ballia, Patna and Bhagalpur. Marketarrivals(tons)of major carps(MC), selected catfishes (CF), Hilsa (H) and other(O) fishes during the period 1958-69 in Varanasi is given in Table 5.20.
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Table 5.20: Market arrivals (tons) of major carps (MC), selected catfishes (CF), Hilsa (H and other (O) fishes in Varanasi Fish
1958-
1959-
1960-
1961-
1962-
1963-
1964-
1965-
1966-
1967-
1968-
MC
5.6 59
7.0 60
2.3 61
2.3 62
1.7 63
1.7 64
2.4 65
6.6 66
4.90 67
2.4 68
2.3 69
CF H O
(2.9) 7.9 7.4 25.8
(3.6) 7.7 12.4 20.1
(1.2) 9.6 27.9 29.5
(1.2) 14.1 14.4 4.5
(0.9) 18.2 36.5 48.9
(0.9) 21.0 14.9 37.6
(1.2) 20.5 17.3 30.4
(3.4) 28.3 18.8 59.1
(2.5) 19.6 24.0 49.5
(1.2) 24.8 32.8 73.9
(1.2) 27.0 71.8 52.3
As per Schedule A given in notification of Department of Fisheries, Government of Uttar Pradesh, no. 941/XII F-88-1954, dated October 3, 1960, Ganga and Varuna rivers in Varanasi fall in the breeding centres/ or prohibited areas for fishing. These are: Ganga: Kaithi (Ganga- Gomti Sangam) to the limits of Tarapur village upto Nagwa ghat and all nallahs connecting it. Varuna: From Rajghat (Ganga-Varuna Sangam) up to the northern Railway bridge at Shivpur. Higher vertebrates Mammal: Dolphin 172 dolphins have been reported to occur inGanga(Allahabad toBuxar) covering 425 kms stretch.11 Gangetic dolphin is reported in Turtle Wildlife Sanctuary (TWS)12. The species is Endangered as per IUCN threatened categories (2014.3). It is listed in Part 1, Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act (1972) and also listed on CITES Appendix I. The species has been declared as national aquatic animal in 2010. Reptile: Turtles In Turtle Wildlife Sanctuary, Varanasi, eggs of carnivore turtle species Nilssonia gangetica (Kathawa) were brought from River Chambal and the new borns were brought up at the breeding centre under controlled conditions and later released in Ganga. Details of other Turtle species are given below: Chitra indica (Indian Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle, Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle), is an Endangered species as per IUCN threatened categories (2014.3).
11
Sinha, R.K. (2000). Status of the Ganges river dolphins Platanista gangetica in the vicinity of Farakka Barrage, India. In: Biology and conservation of Freshwater Cetaceans in Asia. IUCN species survival commission occasional paper No. 23 IUCN Gland, Switzerland. pp. 42-48.
12
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Nilssonia gangetica, Kathawa (Indian Soft shelled turtle), Nilssonia hurum (Indian Peacock Softshell Turtle, Peacock Soft-shelled Turtle) and Geoclemys hamiltonii (Black Pond Turtle, Black Spotted Turtle, Hamilton's Terrapin, Spotted Pond Turtle) are vulnerable species as per IUCN threatened categories (2014.3). Nilssonia gangetica is also listed in Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES).Nilssonia gangetica, Nilssonia hurum and Geoclemys hamiltonii are listed in Part II, Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act (1972). Lissemys punctata punctata(Indian Flap-shelled Turtle, Indian Flapshell Turtle) is assessed as Lower Risk/least concern species as per IUCN threatened categories (2014.3)13. Wintering waterbirds and fish namely Rohu, Tegra and Bhakur, Nain, Bam etc are reported. In Kaithi where Gomti meets Ganga (N 25°30′32.7″, E 83°10’14.8” kindly check if its part of 10 kms study area around the proposed terminal), local communities reported presence of three species of turtles namely chhaudi, Matiyala and Khopra. These turtles are mostly spotted in monsoon months. Dolphin (sons) is also sighted in Kaithi, Ganga.
5.12. Social Assessment in order to understand the socioeconomic profile of the AREA AND affected families a primary census socio-economic survey (SES) is carried out as necessary. The information from secondary sources enabled the project team to understand the general socio-economic issues if any in the project area and the primary information enabled the project to understand the following issues: The socio-economic profile of the affected families; The category and extent of loss due to the project development; and The demography, literacy level, the occupation pattern, etc. about the project affected families. The ensuing section provides the analysis of the secondary and the primary information thus gathered Published information analysis on the socio-economic profile of the project area The Ramnagar terminal will be location in Varanasi (Banaras) of the state of Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh is the largest state in India. The administrative and legislative capital is Lucknow and the judicial capital is Allahabad. Other notable cities include Agra, Aligarh, Ayodhya, Varanasi (also known as Benares and Kashi), Etawah, Kanpur, Mirzapur and Deoband. Neighbouring states are Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Bihar. Uttar Pradesh also shares its border with Nepal. The published information included the websites of the Government of India the Census of India data 2011, which was utilized to enlist the socio-economic profile of the project area. The analysis of the data is provided in the sections below.
13
http://upforestwildlife.org/turtle.htm EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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Table 5.21 shows the population of Uttar Pradesh. Out of the total population of 19.99 crore, 10.04 crore people are males and remaining 9.53crore people are females. Out of the total population, around 78% people are residing in rural areas and remaining in urban areas.
Table 5.21: Uttar Pradesh State Population State
TRU
No. of HH
Total Population 199812341 155317278 44495063
Total Male
Total Female
Total 33448035 104480510 95331831 Rural 25685942 80992995 74324283 Uttar Pradesh Urban 7762093 23487515 21007548 Source: Census of India, 2011 Table 5.22 shows the literacy population of Uttar Pradesh. Out of the total literate population of 11.43 crore, 6.83 crore males are literate and remaining 4.61 crores are female literates. Nearly 75% of the total literate populations are in rural areas.
Table 5.22: Uttar Pradesh State Literacy Level State
TRU Population Literate Male Literate Female Literate Total 114397555 68234964 46162591 Uttar Pradesh Rural 85284680 51793688 33490992 Urban 29112875 16441276 12671599 Source: Census of India, 2011 Table 5.23 shows the SC and ST population of Uttar Pradesh. Out of the total population of 19.99 crores,4.13 crore (21%) population belongs to Schedule Cast and 11.34 lakhs belongs to Schedule Tribes, which is nearly 0.57% of the total population.
Table 5.23: Uttar Pradesh State Population SC and ST State
TRU
Population SC
Population ST
Total 41357608 1134273 Uttar Pradesh Rural 35685227 1031076 Urban 5672381 103197 Source: Census of India, 2011 Table 5.24 shows the Worker population of Uttar Pradesh. Out of the total population of 19.99 crore, 6.58 crores are working population. Out of these 4.98 crores are male worker and remaining 1.59 crores are female workers. Out of these only 21% (1.38 crores) are working in urban areas.
Table 5.24: Uttar Pradesh State Worker Population State
TRU
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Total Work Population
Total Male Worker
Total Female Worker 129
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Table 5.24: Uttar Pradesh State Worker Population State
TRU
Total Rural Uttar Pradesh Urban Source: Census of India, 2011 District Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
Total Work Population 65814715 51950980 13863735
Total Male Worker
Total Female Worker
49846762 38352879 11493883
15967953 13598101 2369852
About Varanasi Varanasi, one of world's oldest living cities, is rightly called the religious capital of India. Also known as Banaras or Benaras, this holy city is located in the south-eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. It rests on the left bank of the holy river Ganga (Ganges), and is one of the seven sacred spots for Hindus. Varanasi a place for pilgrimage, and also known as a great center of learning, and a place known for its heritage in music, literature, art and craft. It is a cherished name in the art of silk weaving. The Banarasi silk sarees and brocades are prized all over the world. The classical musical styles or 'gharanas' are woven into the lifestyle of the people and are accompanied by musical instruments that are manufactured in Varanasi. The ancient city of Varanasi was not built in a day. The city has two remnants of a holy past: the first being Rajghat plateau, where the archeological findings of wares date back to the period of very existence of urban settlement and the second being Sarnath, where Buddha gave his first sermon, “Turning the wheel of law” in 528 BC. Later during 3rd century King Ashoka built a monastery township there, which continued its existence till 12th century and was later destroyed. Since ancient times the natural and cultural landscapes of the city have retained an active social role in contemporary society closely associated with the traditional way of life. The city is a place of pilgrimage and a holy site for sacred baths in the Ganga River, to have a good death, to get relief from transmigration, to learn and receive spiritual merit, etc. The city has still maintained its traditions. In spite of several downfalls and upheavals, traditions are fully alive even today14. Being the holiest city of Hinduism, the impact of the religion is found everywhere in the city – the chanting bells and the monotonous, but oddly soothing, chant of Sanskrit hymns, in the fragrant flower offerings, and the colored powders that are sold in a myriad roadside shops which decorate the foreheads of the devout, in the tens of thousands of worshippers and the thousands who offer them salvation or services. Ghats with stairways along the Ganga with presence of “dying homes”, charitable homes, pilgrims’ rest houses, are some of the city’s unique characteristics. Apart from that, silk weaving and sari making, Prof. Rana B P Singh (2005), “Life in Historic Urban Landscape of Varanasi, a Heritage City of India”, Geography Department, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 14
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metal, wood and terracotta handicrafts, toy making, particular painting forms, etc., comprise the continuity of historical and cultural tradition. Varanasi is famous for its fairs and festivals with respect to variety, distinction, time, sacred sites, performers, viewers and sideshows. Varanasi town lies between the 25015’ to 25022’ North latitude and 82057’ to 83001’ East longitude. The River Ganga only here flows South to North having the world famous ghats on the left bank of the river. The highest flood level of river Ganga was 73.90m (1978) and the lowest river water level is approximately 58m. It is at an elevation of 80.71 metres above mean sea level. Linkages and Connectivity Varanasi is well connected by road, rail and air with other parts of the country. The distance from the major cities are Delhi-750 km, Lucknow-286 km and 125 km from Allahabad. There are three national highways i.e. NH-2, NH-56 and NH-29 and four state highways i.e. SH-87, SH-73, SH-74 and SH-98 passing through the heart of the city. The linkages provided by the National highways are, NH 2- G.T. Road from Mughal Sarai to Allahabad; NH 29- Varanasi to Gorakhpur, Kushinagar; and NH 56- Varanasi to Jaunpur Lucknow. These National Highways and state highways have high passenger traffic as these roads provide a good connectivity to the surrounding areas in the U.P. state as well as to metropolitan cities like Delhi and Kolkata. The Grand trunk road or NH2 forms the main transportation spine of the city. A bypass is being constructed along the Eastern edge of the city to relieve the burden off NH-2. Another ring road is under consideration along the Western edge of the city to divert the traffic and provide better connectivity to the newer developments coming up in the Trans Varuna Region. Varanasi is well connected by railways with broad gauge. There are three rail lines entering to the city from Lucknow, Bhadoi and Allahabad and is diverted in two lines to Gorakhpur and Mughal Sarai. The city lies on Delhi-Kolkata rail route of North Eastern Railways, which is the broad gauge. A rail line connects the town with Sarnath. The other cities having good connectivity through railways are Patna, Guwahati, Chennai, Mumbai, Gwalior, Meerut, Lucknow, Kanpur and Allahabad. The town also has an airport at a distance of about 24 km away from the city. There are flights to Varanasi from Agra, Bhubaneshwar, Kolkata, Delhi, Gorakhpur, Khajuraho, Lucknow, Raipur and Kathmandu (Nepal). It is on a regular aviation route of Delhi to Kolkata and Bhuvaneshwar. It is also the aviation gateway to Nepal. Basic issues in Varanasi There are several issues facing the millions of people who live and visit the city of Varanasi. By the time the Ganga reaches the end of the city, Ganga is polluted–her waters are grey, stinking, and a breeding ground for water-borne diseases such as dysentery, cholera, and typhoid, among others. An estimated 66% of the local population of Varanasi faces some sort of water-borne disease each year. The infrastructure of Varanasi has never been properly developed to fit the booming population. The sewage lines that exist today were created by the British for a population of 200,000. Many residents EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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do not have access to any sort of toilet, and thus use the river. No proper solid waste disposal has ever been created for the city. Many residents do not have access to any sort of clean, purified drinking water. Thus they use the polluted Ganga for their every day needs, such as drinking, bathing, cooking, and doing laundry. Further, the sewer lines and sewage treatment plants that are present in Varanasi do not work, as they rely heavily on electricity (and electricity does not work in the city for many hours each day). During monsoon season, the floods force these facilities to cease their function entirely. Thus, raw untreated sewage is directly dumped every day into the Ganga, Varuna, and Assi rivers at approximately thirty sources. This accounts for 95% of the pollution in Ganga at Varanasi, and it is making people sick. The other 5% of the pollution in the Ganga at Varanasi comes from non-point sources, such as cremation grounds. Thousands of cremations happen along the banks of the river in Varanasi, and the river simply is filled with ash and half-burnt bodies Varanasi district demographics The demography, occupation pattern and the other soico-economic features of Varansi is provided in this section of the report. Table 5.25 shows the population of affected Varanasi district. Total population of Varanasi district is 36.76 lakhs (1.84% of UP). Out of which 19.21 lakhs are males and 17.54 are females. Out of these 15.59 lakh population resides in Urban areas.
Table 5.25: Population of the District State
Uttar Pradesh
District
TRU
Varanasi
No. of HH
Total Population
Total Male
Total Female
Total
560162
3676841
1921857
1754984
Rural
306978 253184
2079790 1597051
1076526 845331
1003264 751720
Urban
Source: Census of India, 2011 The growth rate of population in Varanasi District declined between 1991 – 2001 from 33% to 17.15%, however in the past decade the growth rate has been about 25.16%. Table 5.26shows the literacy population of Varanasi district. Total literate population of Varanasi district is 24.03 lakhs. Out of which 13.89 lakhs are males and 10.01 lakhs are females. Literate population are more in rural areas (54.14%) than urban areas.
Table 5.26: Literacy in the District State
District
TRU
Uttar Pradesh
Varanasi
Total
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Population Literate 2403903
Male Literate
Female Literate
1389116
1014787 132
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Table 5.26: Literacy in the District State
District
TRU
Population Literate
Rural Urban
Male Literate
Female Literate
769456 619660
531776 483011
1301232 1102671
Source: Census of India, 2011 Table 5.27 shows the SC and ST population of Varanasi district. Out of the total population of 36.76 lakhs,4.86 lakhs belongs to schedule caste and only 0.28 lakhs (5.88%) belongs to schedule tribes. Out of these 73.64% of SC and 67% of ST are in rural area.
Table 5.27: SC and ST population of the District State Uttar Pradesh
District
TRU
Varanasi
Total Rural Urban
Population SC
Population ST
486958 358612 128346
28617 19144 9473
Source: Census of India, 2011 Table 5.28 shows the worker population of Varanasi district. Total 12.20 lakhs people belongs to working class. Out of which 9.21 lakhs are males and 2.99 are females.
Table 5.28: Work population of the District State
Uttar Pradesh
District
TRU
Varanasi
Total Rural Urban
Total Worker Population 1220708 695418 525290
Total Male Worker 921234 496488 424746
Total Female Worker 299474 198930 100544
Source: Census of India, 2011 Table 5.29 shows the Tehsil population of Varanasi Tehsil. Total population of Varanasi Tehsil was 30.49 lakh, out of which 16.03 lakhs are males and 14.45 lakhs are females.
Table 5.29: Tehsil Wise Population of district District
Varanasi
Tehsil
Varanasi
TRU
No. of HH
Total Population
Total Male
Total Female
Total
467569
3049543
1603805
1445738
Rural
216031 251538
1463875 1585668
764427 839378
699448 746290
Urban Source: Census of India, 2011
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Table 5.30 shows the literacy of Varanasi Tehsil. Total 20.07 lakhs people are literate in Varanasi Tehsil. Out of which 11.57 are males and 8.50 are females.
Table 5.30: Tehsil wise literacy population of District District
Varanasi
Tehsil
TRU
Varanasi
Total Rural Urban
Population Literate
Male Literate
Female Literate
1157401 542025 615376
850345 370357 479988
2007746 912382 1095364
Source: Census of India, 2011 Table 5.31 shows the SC and ST population of Varanasi Tehsil. Total 3.69 lakhs are SC and 0.24 lakhs are females.
Table 5.31: Tehsil wise SC and ST population of District District Varanasi
Tehsil
TRU
Varanasi
Total Rural Urban
Population SC 369361 243343 126018
Population ST 24012 14630 9382
Source: Census of India, 2011 Table 5.32 shows the work population of Varanasi Tehsil. Total 10.01 lakhs population are working, out of which 7.76 lakhs are males and 2.24 are females.
Table 5.32: Tehsil wise work population of District District
Varanasi
Tehsil
TRU
Varanasi
Total Rural Urban
Total Worker Population 1001113 480279 520834
Total Male Worker 776204 354383 421821
Total Female Worker 224909 125896 99013
Source: Census of India, 2011 Ramnagar – location of the multi-modal IWAI terminal Ramnagar is a city and a municipal board in Varanasi district in the Indianstate of Uttar Pradesh. Ramnagar has a fort known as Ramnagar Fort which is still the residence of King of Varanasi (Benares). The demographics of Ramnagar is detailed in the ensuing section of this report. Table 5.33 shows the population in the proposed terminal area in Ramnagar town. Total population of Ramnagar town is 49132.
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Table 5.33 : Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1 - Population District and Tehsil
Village/Town
No. of HH
Total Population
Total Male
Total Female
District: Varanasi Ramnagar Tehsil: Varanasi 7729 49132 26071 Source: Census of India, 2011 Table 5.34 shows the SC and ST population in the proposed terminal area in Ramnagar town.
23061
Table 5.34: Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1- SC and ST population Tehsil Village/Town Population SC Population ST District: Varanasi Ramnagar Tehsil: Varanasi 5340 191 Source: Census of India, 2011 Table 5.35 shows the Literate and work population in the proposed terminal area in Ramnagar town. 70% of the total Ramnagar town population is literate and 30% of the total population are working.
Table 5.35: Town where the Terminal is to be located along NW-1 - Literacy and work population
Tehsil
Village/Town
Populatio n Literate
Male Literate
Female Literate
Total Worker Populatio n
Total Male Worker
Total Female Worker
District: Varanasi Ramnagar Tehsil: Varanasi 34400 19484 14916 14895 12794 2101 Source: Census of India, 2011 This location has a population of about 49000 and about 7700 households. However there is a an insignificant population being affected adversely due to this project development. The details of the adversely affected population is discussed in the section below.
5.12.1. Tourism and Heritage The ancient city of Varanasi is believed to have existed since beginning of the earth and finds its mention in the Arthavedas6. Varanasi, owing to its rich traditional fabric and ghats, attracts more than 30 lakh domestic and international tourists each year. The city, an important centre for religious tourism in India is also a gateway to the Buddhist circuit; with significant foreign tourist coming from Japan, China, Malaysia, etc. Being the holiest city of Hinduism, the impact of the religion is found everywhere in the city. The city of Varanasi is unique in the architectural, artistic
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and religious expressions of traditional Indian culture and is, even today, a living example of this culture. Tourism Ghats Varanasi is famous for its Ghats. Ghats are steps that lead down to River Ganga. The crescent shaped bank of river Ganges houses 84 ghats on the western bank spread over a distance of 6.8 km. Several rituals and religious ceremonies are associated with these ghats and pilgrims travel from all over the country for prayers, holy dip in the river Ganga, cremation, religious offerings, etc. The most important ghats are Dasaswamedh, Harish Chandra, Manikarnika, Panchaganga, and Assi ghat. Dasaswamedh Ghat: It is one of the most important ghats of Varanasi. It is located near ‘Kashi Vishwanath Temple’. It is belived that on this very Ghat ten horses were sacrifised by Lord Brahma to allow Lord Shiva to return from a period of banishment. In spite of the fact that Dasaswamedh is one of the oldest ghats of Varanasi, dating back to many thousand years, the ghat has remained unspoilt and clean. Dasaswamedh provides a beautiful and colourful riverfront view. A large number of Sadhus can be seen performing religious rites on this ghat. Devotees must not miss the opportunity of visiting this ghat in the evening when the Aarti is performed. During Dipawali festival, thousands of earthen lamps are immersed in the waters of the holy Ganges and the floating lamps give a divine look to the river at dusk. Harish Chandra Ghat: Harish Chandra Ghat is name after a mythological King Harish Chandra, who once worked at the cremation ground here for the perseverance of truth and charity. It is believed that the Gods rewarded him for his resolve, charity and truthfulness and restored his lost throne and his dead son to him. Harish Chandra Ghat is one of the two cremation Ghats (the other being Manikarnika Ghat) and is some times referred as Adi Manikarnika (the original creation ground). Hindus from distant places bring the dead bodies of their near and dear ones to the Harish Chandra Ghat for cremation. In Hindu mythology it is believed that if a person is cremated at the Harish Chandra Ghat, that person gets salvation or "moksha". The Harish Chandra Ghat was somewhat modernized in late 1980's, when an electric crematorium was opened here. Manikarnika Ghat: It is one of the oldest and most sacred Ghats of Varanasi. People belive that being burned here provides an instant gateway to liberlisation from the cycle of births and rebirths. Lying at the centre of five tirthas, ghat symbolises both creation and destruction. At Manikarnika Ghat, the mortal remains are consigned to flames with the prayers that the souls rest in eternal peace. It is also believed that fire does not extinguish at this Ghat. There is a sacred well at the Manikarnika Ghat, called the Manikarnika Kund. Manikarnika Kund is said to be dug by Lord Vishnu at the time of creation while the hot ashes of the burnt bodies makes one remember the inevitable destruction of everything in the world. Panchaganga Ghat: As the name suggests, it is belived that five rivers Kirana, Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati and Dhuta-papa converge here. Dominating the ghat is Auangazeb's smaller mosque, also known as the Alamgir Mosque, which he built on the site of large Vishnu temple erected by the Maratha chieftain Beni Madhav Rao Scindia. EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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Assi Ghat: This Ghat marks the confluence of the Assi canal with the River Ganga. It is believed that when Lord Durga killed the demons Shunga and Nishunga, her sword fell in Varanasi creating a depression in the form of Assi canal. Out of these ghats Manikarnika, Panchganga, Adi Kesava, Dasaswamedha and Assi Ghat comprise the “Pancha Jala Tirthas”. Temples Apart from the Ghats, there are around 2000 temples, small, medium and big in size throughout the city. Many important temples are located along the ghats of Ganga River, adding to the religious value to the holey river. Some of the important temples are Kashi Vishwanath, the Sankat Mochan temple, The Tulsi Manas temple, the Durga temple, the Kal Bhairav temple and the Mritunjaya temple. Kashi Vishwanath Temple: Located almost centrally on the west bank of River Ganga, this is the most important temple in the city. It is also known as the Golden Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, the founder of the city. It is believed that Aurangzeb destroyed the original temple and the stones were used to build a mosque next to the temple. The rear wall of the temple was left untouched by Aurangzeb and Queen Ahilya later on built a new temple close to the old one. Sankat Mochan Temple: Sankat Mochan temple is one of the sacred temples of Varanasi. It is located in the southern part of Varanasi, near the Banaras Hindu University. It is dedicated to the Hindu God, Hanuman. The word "Sankat Mochan" means one who helps in removing sufferings i. e. Lord Hanuman. Tulsidas, the author of the famous Hindu epic Ramacharitamanasa, founded the Sankat Mochan temple. According to Hindu mythology, one who visits the Sankat Mochan temple regularly, his wishes get fulfilled. Every Tuesday and Saturday, thousands of devotees queue up in front of the Sankat Mochan temple to offer prayers to Lord Hanuman. According to Vedic Astrology, Hanuman protects human beings from the anger of planet Saturn and those who have ill placed Saturn in their horoscope visit the Sankat Mochan temple to get remedy. People put "Sindoor" on the statue and offer "laddoos" to Lord Hanuman. The "Sindoor", from the statue of Lord Hanuman is put on the foreheads of devotees. Tulsi Manas Temple: Tulsi Manas temple is one of the most famous temples of Varanasi. It is also an important tourist attraction of the holy city. The Tulsi Manas temple is located near the famous Durga temple. It was built in white marble in the year 1964. The temple has been made more harming by the magnificent landscaping around it. The Tulsi Manas temple is dedicated to lord Ram. It is believed that temple is built at the same place where Tulsidas wrote the famous Indian epic, Archeological Importantant Place: ( Ramnagar) For a 17th century fort, this one is seriously well preserved, probably because the king -- the former king -- still resides here. 14 km from Varanasi the fort at Ramnagar houses a museum displaying the Royal collection which includes old silver and brocade palanquins for the use of the ladies of the court, elephant howdahs made of silver brocades, a replica of the royal bed and an armoury of swords
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and guns, vintage cars, royal palkies, an armory of swords and old guns, ivory work and antique clocks. Ramnagar Fort was the home of the Maharaja of Banaras. The Durga Temple and Chhinnamastika Temple are also located at Ramnagar. Fairs and Festivals Varanasi, the sacred corridor (tirtha) is the embodiment of living sacred heritage and hosts a large number of fairs and festivals throughout the year. The importance of these festivals can be seen from the number of pilgrims arriving and attending the fairs. During the greatest festivals when more than 2500 people arrive per hour, the self-organization of the Varanasi pilgrimage system intensifies partially due to increased mutual interaction of pilgrims who arrive in informal groups of family and friends or various kinds of pilgrimage tours. The fares and festivals that take place in Varanasi, with their venue and period during which they occur is tabulated 5.36:
Table 5.36: Important festivals and the venue in Varanasi city Festivals
Venue
Paush Poornima Makar Sankranti Mauni Amavasya Magh Poornima Ganga Water Rally Dhrupad Mela Mahashivaratri Navratra (Chaitra) Ram Navami
Ghats Ghats Ghats Ghats/Ravidas Mandir Ghats Tulsighat Ghats & temples Ghats / Temples Tulsi Manas Mandir & Ghats Sankat Mochan Mandir
Sankat Mochan Music Festival Buddha Poornima Ganga Dussehra Ramlila, Ramnagar Dhanush Yagya Ram Vivah Nakkataiya Pitra Visarjan Navaratra(Ashwin) Vijaya Dashmi / Dussehra
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Sarnath Ghats Ramnagar Ramnagar Ramnagar Ramnagar Ghats Ghats & Temples Ramnagar D.L.W Vidyapeeth
Period of Occurrence January January January/February February February March March April April April May June September-October September September September September October October
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6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 6.1. Introduction Environmental impacts assessment was carried out considering present environmental setting of the project area, and nature and extent of the proposed activities. Proposed project involves development of multimodal inland water terminal at Ramnagar, Varanasi, U.P. Potential environmental impacts associated with the project is classified as: (i) impacts during design and construction phase and ii) impacts during operation phase/Post-construction phase. Sensitive environmental and social components were identified during the site visits and qualitative and quantitative techniques have been applied for direct and indirect assessment of impacts on the identified environmental and social sensitive components. Impacts are classified as being insignificant, minor, moderate and major. Some of the important impacts associated with the proposed multimodal inland water terminal will be associated with land use (land acquisition), land stability (soil erosion), soil compaction and contamination, water availability, water quality of river/stream/canal, ground water contamination, waste and wastewater disposal, ambient air quality, ambient noise levels, vegetation, tree cutting (including social forestry tree), fauna ( terrestrial and aquatic), drainage pattern, hydrology, socio economic, places of social/cultural importance (religious structures, community structure), construction material sourcing and occupational health and safety. Adequate mitigation measures are devised to mitigate/minimize all likely environmental impacts and the same have been presented along with the impacts. During the field study, consultations were also held within study area including local people and Govt. authorities like PHED, Jal Nigam, Jalkal Vibhag, Ganga Pollution Unit etc. Outcome of these consultations were used in impact assessment and devising mitigation measures.
6.2. Impact Identification During the site visit, various environment and socially sensitive features were identified which may potentially be impacted by the project at various stages. Identified impacts of the project activities on the environment and social components are given below along with the activities associated.
Table 6.1: Impact Matrix for Proposed Off-site Infrastructure S. No.
Activities
Impacts
Negative Impact Short Term
A
Long Term
Positive Impact Short Term
Not Applicable
Long Term
Pre-Construction Phase
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i
Land Acquisition for Diversion of access road and agricultural land railway connectivity (ROW purpose only)
Impact on livelihood
ii
Site Clearance Preparation
& Removal of Vegetation. Loss of tree cover and Impact on aspects
B
Construction Phase
i
Construction Terminal
aesthetic
of Loss of Top soil Soil contamination due to spillage of material Surface contamination
water
Air pollution
Noise pollution
Increase in traffic
Un pleasant view
Impact on Health & safety Social impact
Aquatic Ecology
Felling of Trees C
Operational Phase
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i
Movement of Vessels/Barges, loading and unloading activity, storage of material, transportation of unloaded material via road & railway, running DG sets, plantation of trees
Air Quality
Economic Development &Generation Employment
of
Infrastructural development
Increased Run-off Natural pattern
drainage
Noise Pollution Surface Pollution
Water
Health & Safety Soil Erosion Contamination
and
Terrestrial Ecology Aquatic Ecology Aesthetics
6.3. Impact on Air Environment Pre-construction Phase Pre-construction phase of development of phase 1A of proposed multimodal inland water terminal will involve site clearance and leveling. There is no significant vegetation at the terminal site but few trees may be required to cut and trim for construction of temporary access road which will connect terminal site to NH-7 through village road. At present terminal site is covered with municipal solid waste which has been collected from city and is being dumped over the years on site. Site clearance and leveling activities and will lead to dust generation. But these emissions will be limited to the site only and have impact for short duration only during clearance activity. Municipal waste covering the site should be removed and disposed off to the land fill site or the site identified for waste disposal else it can pollute the river water quality if dumped in river. EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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Mitigation Measures
To minimize the dust generation, water should be sprinkled regularly at the site
Low sulphur diesel should be used in land levelling equipments to control the SO2 emissions.
MSW at the site should be segregated if possible with the help of local agency responsible for waste management in the area. Recyclable waste, if any should be sold off to authorized recyclers and remaining waste should be sent for landfilling to nearest landfill site. Permission should be taken from concerned authority prior its disposal in landfill
If landfill site is not present nearby then a site should be identified for waste disposal. Site should not be agriculture land, should be away from residential and sensitive areas like school, temples and hospitals. Low lying areas should preferably be selected.
Debris & MSW disposal Site should be closed and rehabilitated after completion of the construction activities
Plantation should be carried out on the closed site to stabilize the soil in the area.
Construction Phase The proposed project involves construction activities like onshore & offshore civil construction, construction material handling and stocking, and construction vehicle movement etc, which will generate fugitive dust and vehicular emissions. However, these emissions will be limited to the construction area and the impact will be short duration, i.e during construction phase only. The likely emission from construction vehicle, machinery, and generators is likely to be insignificant as the pollutant emission activities (point and area sources) will be limited within the project boundary and the activities will be short term (only for construction period). However, this impact may further be minimized by adopting following mitigation measures. Mitigation Measures
Sprinkling of water at construction site and haul roads
Covering the scaffolding to reduce the dust emission in outside environment
Provision of face mask to workers to minimize inhalation of dust particles
Construction vehicles and machinery should be regularly serviced and check for pollution control and should carry PUC certificate
Low sulphur diesel should be used for running construction equipment and vehicles
Adequate parking space should be provided for the construction vehicles so as to prevent idling of the vehicles and the emissions generating from them
Vehicles carrying construction material and debris should be covered with tarpaulin cover
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Raw materials, excavated soil and other debris should be stored under covered sheds
Green buffer should be developed all along the terminal site
Plantation should be carried out along both side of the access road
DG sets, hot mix plant, batching plant, if any should be provided with the stack of adequate height as per CPCB norms and should be regularly maintained
Air quality monitoring should be carried out throught out the construction phase, quarterly
Operation Phase Development of paved surfaces will reduce the dust generation at the site. Since the project will not be operationalize in phase 1A stage thus impact during operation of terminal will be covered under Phase 1B. Inland waterways are green way of transportation. Water transportation consume much less energy as compared to road and rail transportation and dust emissions due to vehicular movement will also not generate in water transportation. Development of inland waterway will enhance water transportation reducing burden on rail & road transportation thus the will improve the air quality of the area. Emissions from tow boat, train and truck carrying one ton of cargo for 1000 miles is given in table below for comparison.
Table 6.2 Emissions produced in movement of 1 ton of Cargo for 1000 miles by tow boat, truck and train Mode
Hydrocarbon (pounds)
Carbon monoxide (pounds)
Nitrous oxide (pounds)
Tow boat
0.09
0.20
0.53
Train
0.46
0.64
1.83
Truck
0.63
1.90
10.17
Source: EPA, Emission Control Lab Mitigation Measures
Trees should be planted all along the terminal boundary
Tree plantation should start in construction stage only
Geo-textiles and mulching should be carried out to reduce soil erosion by wind and thus the dust generation
6.4. Impact on Noise Environment Pre-construction and Construction Phase
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Pre-construction phase will involve site clearance activity for development of terminal and temporary access road. Clearance of site will involve removal of vegetation and land leveling activities. Operation of different machineries and equipments for construction activities, running of heavy load traffic for construction materials transportation, and regular traffic movement may generate noise during construction period. The produced noise may have impact on existing acoustic environment of the area. There is no habitation area within 500 m of the terminal site thus the impact of noise during construction phase will be insignificant on the residents of the area. Noise generation during construction phase will also disturb the terrestrial and aquatic flora & fauna. Mitigation Measures
Machinery to be used should comply with the noise standards prescribed by CPCB
DG set shall be enclosed in acoustic enclosure
Workers shall be given ear plugs if working in high noise area. Job rotations should be practiced for workers working in high noise zone
No noise generating activity shall be carried out in the night time
No construction activity should be carried out during the breeding and spawning season of turtles
Temporary noise barriers should be provided near the high noise generating areas
Operation Phase Since after construction of phase 1A of the terminal, terminal will not be operationalized thus the impact during operation stage of the terminal will be discussed in phase 1B in detail. However water transportation generates minimum noise if compared to road and rail traffic. After operationalizing the terminal, noise generation in the area may increase due to loading/unloading activity but overall noise generation in region will reduce as water transportation will reduce the burden on rail and road traffic which generate higher level of noise than water transportation.
6.5. Impacts on Water Resources Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Impacts on Ground & Surface Water Resources: Water will be required for various construction activities & domestic purpose. Source of water for these activities will be the surface water from river. Water should be withdrawn only after obtaining permission from irrigation department. Measures should be taken to minimize the water extraction by reducing water consumption and wastage. Mitigation measures are given below. Mitigation Measures
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Best management practices will be required to be adopted to minimize water wastage and water loss. Best management practices to be adopted are given below:
Temporary storm water drains and rain water harvesting ponds should be constructed so as to store rain water for construction activities.
Water for curing can be saved by carrying out curing in early morning or late evening and covering structures with gunny bag so as the moisture can be restored for longer time.
Regular inspections at site to monitor leakages in water storage tanks
Creating awareness among construction workers about the importance of water conservation
Adoption of the advance technologies and machinery which helps in minimizing water requirement for construction
Storing the curing run-off and waste from other construction activity and using the same for sprinkling.
Covering the water storage tanks at site to prevent evaporation losses.
Impact on Surface Water Quality Run-off from the construction site may carry the higher quantity of sediments and oil which may pollute the surface water and impact the aquatic life. Also construction activity like pilling within water body will increase the sediment load and turbidity in the water. Increased sediment load in water may make water unfit for aquatic flora and fauna. But the impacts are short term and confined to construction stage only. With following measures impacts on surface water quality can be minimized Mitigation Measures
Construction activity should be carried during summer season. Avoid excavation activities during rains
Turbidity traps/curtains should be provided to trap sediments and preventing its flow downstream (towards turtle sanctuary) during construction in water
Water from dewatering (if any) should pass through sediment bags before discharge into the river
Excavated area should be covered with tarpaulin during rains
To prevent piling up of excavated soil, raw material and construction debris at site by proper management and disposal
Minimize run-off by using sprays for curing
Maintaining appropriate flow of water sprinklers at site to prevent water ponding at site
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Construction of storm water drains along with sedimentation tanks with sand bags partition as barrier for direct flow of run off to river.
Collection & Reusing of curing over flow, tyre wash water etc within the site
Construction of adequate nos. of toilets and proper sanitation system to prevent open defecation along the river banks/water supply lines
Construction of soak pits/septic tanks to dispose-off the domestic waste water generated from labour camps to prevent disposal of sewage in surface water bodies
Proper collection, management and disposal of construction and municipal waste from site to prevent mixing of the waste in run-off and entering the water bodies
No debris/construction material should enter the aquaculture ponds and other waterbody in the area
Storm water drains should be provided at the terminal facility to drain the storm water during operation phase into the river. Storm water drains should be provided with oil & grease trap
Impacts on Ground Water Quality Ground water level at the river bank is shallow. Thus while construction of the terminal; it may be required to dewater the groundwater for construction. This water should be used for construction purpose. If this water is discharged into the river then it should pass through sediments bags. Only the shallow water aquifer will be disturbed and disturbance will be confined to project site. No significant impact of terminal construction is anticipated on ground. Impacts on Drainage Pattern & Hydrology Terminal site is located along the River Ganga. A drain surrounding the proposed terminal site flows from inland towards River Ganga. Construction of the paved surfaces like roads, loading and unloading bay, and other terminal facilities will increase the run-off from the area. Construction activities will obstruct the flow of the river in that area. Terminal site constructed is above the HFL level of the River in that stretch. Stone pitching will be carried out both in upstream and downstream to protect the embankment from erosion. A riverside subsurface artificial embankment should be constructed to protect the terminal structure/foundation from collapsing due to push of water. Following measures should be taken to minimize the impact on drainage and hydrology of the area. .Mitigation Measures
Storm water drains should be provided at the terminal facility to drain the storm water from the site during operation phase into the river.
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Since project will not be operationalize after completion of phase 1A construction, impacts during operation phase has not been discussed here and will be dealt in EIA study of phase 1B of the terminal. However construction of terminal and berth will impact on water flow in the area and thus will affect the quality of water due to poor circulation. In case if untreated effluent from terminal facility and from ships/barges is disposed off is discharged into the river, it will result into stagnation of wastewater. This condition may deteriorate through increase of phytoplankton and decrease of dissolve oxygen, resulting from eutrophication of water, caused by effluents containing nutrient salts. Thus sewage generated should not be discharge into river. Impacts on Surface & Ground Water Quality Due to construction of paved surfaces, run-off will increase but will carry less sediment load. Since project will not be operationalize after construction of phase 1A thus the impacts on surface and ground water quality during operation stage of the terminal are not discussed here and will be dealt with EIA study of phase 1B.
6.6. Impact on Land Environment Pre-Construction and Construction Phase Impacts due to land acquisition Private land of 5.685 ha has been acquired for construction of phase 1A of the proposed terminal site. Acquired land is agriculture fallow land. Land acquisition process has been completed and compensation has been given to the land owners as per law of land. Impacts due to Change in Land Use Pattern Project site is fallow land with sparse vegetation. Some trees are present along the proposed temporary access road which may be required to cut or trim for construction of road. After construction of terminal, paved areas will be constructed. This will increase the run-off and will obstruct the recharge of the storm water. Impact on Topography & Geology No impact on topography & Geology is anticipated due to development of terminal site as the terminal site is flat land. Site is above HFL of Ganga River. Excavation will be carried out for laying the foundation of the proposed facilities but these activities will be confined to project site only. Impact on Top Soil and Soil Quality Development of the structures and construction of the road may disturb the soil profile of the area. Top soil will be removed from the site for construction of proposed facilities. This top soil should be excavated upto 15 cm and should be stored under covered sheds till construction phase and should be used for landscaping in later stage.
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Sand may also be required for filling purpose for road construction and construction of off-shore structure. The sand should be purchased from authorized dealers only. If borrow pits are required then environment clearance & consent of land owner shall be obtained prior excavation. Area identified for borrow pits should not be agriculture land, waste land should be used preferably. Borrow area should be selected towards the river side as it will eventually be filled naturally in due course of time due to deposition action of river. Borrow areas should not be selected near residential areas and sensitive zones like school, temples and hospitals. Storage of raw material, fuel and construction debris may contaminate the soil thus measures should be taken to prevent the soil pollution. Mitigation measures to be adopted are mentioned below. Contractors are required to take all the proposed mitigation measures. IWAI will ensure that all the proposed mitigation measures are being incorporated in the bid document issued to the contractor and the implementation of the same during construction. Mitigation Measures
No piling of raw material at site
Raw material will be stored under covered sheds and paved surface
Fuel storage area should be paved
Adoption of best management practices to prevent any spillage of raw materials
Construction debris should be stored under covered sheds and paved surface and should be disposed off regularly to designated sites
Waste from labour camps can be segregated at site. Food waste/wet waste should be composted in pits within the camp site. Recyclable waste should be sold to the authorized dealers and the remaining should be disposed off at designated sites through local agencies responsible for waste management in the area.
Impact on landscape and scenic beauty Project site is fallow land and also municipal solid waste of the area is piled up at the site. This municipal solid waste will be removed from the site before start of construction which will improve the aesthetics of the area. Construction activities and machinery will also provide unpleasant view but proper up keeping of site and provision of adequate sewage and waste management facility at site will maintain the hygiene and cleanliness at site. Operation Phase Impact on Land Use & Soil quality Since project will not be operationalize after construction of phase 1A thus the impacts on land environment during operation phase are not discussed here and will be dealt in detail in ESIA study of phase 1B. EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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However operation of terminal will lead to increased traffic movement, loading and unloading activities, storage of fuel for running cranes, DG sets during power failure, cleaning of machinery & site and etc. Thus the storm water from site and waste water generated from cleaning site and roads should not be disposed on land. Proper storm water should be provided with oil & grase trap and the storm water should then be discharged into river. Also wastewater generated during operation phase should be disposed off properly through septic tank/soak pit. Leakage of wastewater pipelines should be checked through regular inspection so as to prevent contamination of soil. Also after construction & operationalization of the terminal in this area further developments are expected to occur in nearby area which will affect the land use pattern of the area.
6.7. Impacts on Biological Environment Pre-construction and construction Phase Impact on terrestrial flora & Fauna There is no significant vegetation at the terminal site and the site is fallow agriculture land and at present is covered with disposed municipal waste of the area. However few trees are present along the proposed temporary approach road which may require be falling down or trimming. Thus no significant impact are anticipated on the terrestrial flora. However Nilgai are observed at the site. Following measures are required to be taken to prevent any damage to flora and fauna Mitigation Measures
Only trees essential and marked should be fell for construction purpose. Permission from forest department should be taken for felling any tree
No construction activity should be carried during night time as it may disturb the animals in the area
All workers should be instructed not to kill any animal in any circumstance observed at or outside the site
Twice the nos. of tree fell should be planted as compensator afforestation.
Terminal site should be provided with peripheral green belt.
Construction site should be barricaded to prevent trespassing of any animal
Impact on aquatic flora & Fauna Run-off from the construction site will carry high sediment load and also the construction activities within water for pilling may lead to generation of high turbidity levels. High turbidity may reduce the primary productivity by killing the planktons and affect submerged aquatic flora by reducing the penetration level of sunlight. High turbid water also impact the fishes as it enters into fish gills and may lead to fish kill.
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But these activities are short term and confined for the construction phase only thus the impact anticipated are temporary and short term. Leakage of oils, oily wastes and mixtures from construction activity may directly cause damage to fishery resources and aquatic biota. Biodegradation of oil also generates polymerizedoilparticles and toxic aromatic fractions using dissolved oxygen in the water, which indirectlycausedamages to bottom biota and habitat. Both effects may affect aquatic ecology. Mitigation measures are required to be taken for prevention of any impacts on flora and fauna. Mitigation Measures
Piling should not be carried out during breeding and spawning season and also to be carried out in low water season, i.e. pre-monsoon
Concrete and wood piling should be carried out in place of wood piling
Maintaining equipment in good condition to prevent leaks or spills ofpotentially hazardous materials like hydraulic fluid, diesel, gasoline andother petroleum products
Recovering waste or any miscellaneous unused materials for disposalin an appropriately certified facility or placed in storageMaintaining emergency spill equipment available whenever workingnear or on the water
Positioning water borne equipment in a manner that will minimizedamage to fish habitat.
Fish exclusion devices may be installed in the water column around the pile driving area to prevent fish access. The need for exclusionwould be determined on the basis of installation timing, mitigationmeasures, the success of mitigation measures in the field etc
Bubble curtains (with frames acceptable to DFO) over the wetted length of the pile may be required to mitigate impacts on aquatic life
Visual and hydrophone monitoring will be conducted during piledriving, at a range of depths in the water column and at varying distances and directions from the pile being driven, to measuresound waves and determine if temporary work stoppages and /or additional mitigation strategies are required to maintain levelsbelow 30 kPa
Hydrophone monitoring shall be carried out throughout the piledriving from beginning to end and particularly during periods ofpile driving resistance or refusal
Using lightning as per need basis only especially during night time as lighting during night time may disturb the flora and fauna. Lighting should be oriented in a way tthat illumination of water body is avoided
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No excavation on shore shall be carried out during monsoon
Run-off from the construction site & dewatered water should pass through the sediment bags prior disposal in river
Workers should be trained to handle the equipment and material at site so as to minimize the spillage of materials and contamination of water
All workers should be made aware of not throwing any waste in the river or any drain
No construction debris/ already accumulated solid waste at site or waste generated from labour camp should be thrown in river or any drain
Sewage generated from labour camp should not be directed into river but should be disposed off through septic tank/soak pit
Operation Phase Since project will not be operationalize after construction of phase 1A thus the impacts on biological environment during operation phase are not discussed here and will be dealt in detail in ESIA study of phase 1B. However operation phase will involve movement of barges in the river which will increase the chances of polluting water making water unfit for aquatic like due to oil spillage, discharge of wastewater/waste etc. Also run-off from terminal site specially loading and unloading bay, roads, parking area may contain oil & grease which again may deteriorate water quality. All these impacts will be discussed in detail in EIA to be carried out for phase 1 B of the terminal facility
6.8. Impacts on Socio-Economy Pre-construction and construction Phase Loss of Land and livelihood Land of 5.685 ha has been acquired for constructing phase 1A of terminal facility. Acquired land is agriculture fallow land. No agriculture activity has been reported during site visit at site. Also during discussion in FGDs, it was learned that land is no long used for agriculture purpose by land holders. Compensation has been given to all the land holders as per law of land. Also construction activity may disturb the fishing activity in the area. Disturbance to the fishermen should be minimized. Fishermen should be pre intimated of the hazards associated to fishing equipment and life if entered in construction zone. Impact on Health, Aesthetics and Hygiene
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Construction activities lead to generation of dust, unpleasant view, hazardous working conditions, obstruction in fishing activity in that area etc which may impact the society significantly. Adequate safety management plan, waste management plan, air, soil, noise and water pollution controls are required to be adopted during construction phase to prevent any impact on society. Measures to prevent any damage to health, aesthetic and hygiene are as follows: Mitigation Measures
Training workers to handle the equipment so as to prevent accidents
Training workers to handle emergency situation like fire, earth quake and flood
Pre-joining medical checkup of workers and periodic six monthly medical checkup for workers should be carried out
First aid facilities including ambulance should be provided at the site. Also tie-ups with local hospital should be done to handle emergency case, if any
Labour camps should be located at neat and clean location with no water logging issues
Construction labour camps and site should be properly cleaned and hygiene should be maintained
Proper sanitation facility like toilet and bathing facility should be provided at site and labour camps. Wastewater generated from these facilities should be disposed off through septic tanks and soak pit
LPG should be provided as fuel for cooking to workers and open burning of fuel should not be allowed
Clean drinking water supply should be provided to labour
Adequate illumination should be provided in labour camps
Wastewater from construction site should not be allowed to accumulate at site as standing water may lead to breeding of mosquitoes
Temporary storm water drainage system should also be provided at camp site so as to drain the storm water and prevent accumulation of storm water at site and thus breeding of mosquitoes/flies
Workers should be trained to handle the materials so as to prevent spillage and any other accident
Safety officers should be appointed at site so as to ensure all safety measures are taken at the site
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All construction workers shall be provided with personal protective equipments and fines should be imposed if found not wearing
Job rotation should be carried out for workers exposed to high noise and dust areas
Activity like smoking and consuming liquor should be prohibited at the site
Traffic manager should be present at the site all the time to manage incoming and outgoing traffic to prevent accidents
Crèche facility should be provided for kids if female workers are employed
Regular inspection for hygiene and safety in labour camps should be done
Provision of cautionary and guiding signage in local and English language indicating the hazard associated with the site& activities
Speed limit of vehicles should be restricted at site to prevent any accidents and fines should be imposed on vehicles if same is not maintained
Employment should be provided preferable to local & affected people
Entry to the fuel storage area and construction equipment rooms should be restricted and should be allowed for trained personnel
Dustbins should be provided at labour camps for collection of waste and waste should be regularly disposed off through the concerned agency
Arrangement of fire-fighting should be made at site and workers should be trained to use the system in case of fire
Entrance to any road/structure should not be blocked for construction of terminal
Site should be barricaded and entrance of outsiders should strictly be prohibited
Impact on Infrastructure& Utilities No sensitive feature like religious structures, school, hospital etc and any other utility is located at the terminal site. To provide access to terminal a temporary access road will be constructed which will be connected to NH-7 through village road which will increase the burden and traffic movement on village road. Following measures should be taken to prevent impact on existing facilities Mitigation Measures
Maintenance and repair of the village road should be carried out both before and end of construction by contractor.
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Sprinkling of water should be carried out in village road also, so as to minimize dust generation due to movement of construction vehicles.
Construction vehicle movement should be restricted to non-peak hours, i.e late evening (7-12:00 pm) only. Villagers should also be given intimation of these timings.
All construction vehicles should follow the designated rout and restricted speed limits.
All construction vehicles should be regularly serviced and maintained and carry pollution under control certificate
No cultural resources & utilities are located at the site which are required to be removed from the site. Generation of Employment Employment will be generated during construction phase. Unskilled jobs can be provided to local people. Skilled jobs will be provided on the basis of skill assessment. Further, the construction labour force will be requiring food and other items, which is expected to be supplied by the local eateries, retail shops and the local community. The local community members can take advantage of these opportunities. Employment generation benefits improve the quality of life of the labourers and enhance their productivity and living standards. Mitigation Measures
Child labour should be strictly prohibited
Women should also be provided equal job opportunity as per suitability
Preferably local people should be given employment
Operation Phase Since project will not be operationalize after construction of phase 1A thus the impacts on biological environment during operation phase are not discussed here and will be dealt in detail in ESIA study of phase 1B. However operation of the terminal facility will have significant impact on socio-economy. Terminal facility will help in enhancing the internal trade thereby improving the economy of the area. Also the project will lead to generation of employment for both skilled and unskilled labour.
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7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE Public consultations are important for any investment in infrastructure development project. This is an important tool to ensure peoples’ participation in the planning and implementation phase of the project. The aim of the public consultation is to make the people aware about the developmental activities being undertaken in their locality and to incorporate their views for making a sustainable plan during the design to the successful completion of the project. In this project various consultations with stakeholders at different stages of the project preparation were undertaken and issues related to local needs, problem and prospects of resettlement, compensation options etc. were discussed. The project will therefore ensure that the affected people and other stakeholders are informed, consulted, and allowed to participate actively in the planning and development process. This will be done throughout the course of the project, both during preparation, implementation, and monitoring of project results and impacts. The need for public consultation for this kind of an intervention is many folds. Following points were considered while conducting the public consultations as major objectives. I. II. III. IV.
Informing people about the project, its objectives and potential impacts. Understand the views of the people affected, with reference to use of land. Understand views of people on resettlement options, if any. Identify and assess major economic and social characteristics of the villages to enable effective planning and implementation of rehabilitation. Resolve issues related to impacts on community property and their relocation, if any. Identify levels and extent of community participation in project implementation and monitoring. To establish an understanding for identification of overall developmental goals and benefits of the project. To develop a thorough coordination between the stakeholders for the successful implementation of the project.
V. VI. VII. VIII.
Methods of Public Consultation Public consultations in the project area were held on 24.6.2015 at Balwa Ghat under Rampur town near the proposed terminal location. The following methodology has been adopted for carrying out public consultations in this project: -
Disseminating information on the project development and the general consultations that were being held. Walk over survey and discussion with people within the affected area. Individual interviews with affected people. Sharing the opinions and preferences of the affected persons/ family.
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The methodology adopted included providing information to the affected families (fishermen, boatman and squatters), the Village Revenue officials and the members of the affected families through the field team of the consultant. The appropriate date, time and the venue were also finalized in consultation with the affected people and conducted at a convenient location in concurrence. The invitation was given through individual contacts at the site. The extensive discussions at individual levels during the field survey facilitated in finalizing the issues to be discussed during the Public Consultations. Thus the Public Consultations were extensive and effective. The contacts and the target stakeholders’ during the Public consultations Institutional Consultations: -
Special Land Acquisition Officer IWAI Banaras Development Authority Health Department District Statistical Department PWD Rural and Urban PMGSY Agriculture Department Irrigation Department (Sigra) BHU Jal Nigam UPSIDC DIC
Community Consultations: - Village elders and leaders - Affected families - Vulnerable groups In addition to the above consultations the project team provided information to the affected population and the communities about the project developments. All suggestions about the alignment. However, at the implementation stage the executive summary of this RP will be translated in the local language and distributed amongst the affected population. A copy of the Detailed RP will be available with the respective local administration and the Implementing agency at the field level for access to the affected population. The land acquisition details is as per the Land Acquisition Act will be published in the local papers in local language for the easy access and understanding of the local population.
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The detail of the contacts during the Stakeholder Consultations is detailed below in the table: Sl. No.
Stakeholders
Name and designation
1
IWAI-Varanasi
Mr AK Misra(Deputy Director) Mr. Brijesh(Land acquisition In charge)
2.
Special Land Acquisition officer Health Department
Mr. Rajinder Prasad(Special Land Acquisition officer )
3. 4.
4
Varanasi VikasParadhikaran Banaras Development Authority District Statics department Varanasi (VikashBhawan) PWD
5
PMGSY
6
Agriculture department
7
Irrigation Department (Sigra)
8 9
Ramnagar (BalauvaGhat) Banaras Hindu University
10
Jal Nigam
11 12 13
PWD Urban Part UPSIDC Varanasi District Industries Centre
14 15
Ganga Pollution BHU
5
Dr. MP Chaurasia, Chief Medical Officer Varanasi Mr. TejPratap, (City Planner) Mr. Gopal Krishan (Executive Engineer –VDA) Rapesh Kumar, (DESTO) 541 525214 Satya Prakash Chief Engineer (Varanasi Circle) Mr. MP Singh Administration Office (9621626963) DISTRICT Agriculture office Varanasi VikasBhawan RaghuveerSarev, (S.E) OP Srivastava Chief Engineer Fishermen, Boatmen and Squatters at Ghat Prof N.K Dubey (FNASC) (9838602197) Prof B D Tripathy (UGC-BSR Faculty fellow BHU, Ganga Pollution Research ) (94152 25011) Mr. SP Srivastava (Chief Engineer) Mr. RapeshRajvanshi Mr. SubhashTripathy 9935757014 Mr. Umesh Kumar Singh Joint Commissioner Industries Mr. Ramesh Chaudhary, GM Ms. UshaKumari Senior Research Fellowship Zoology Department
The key findings of the stakeholder consultation details have been provided below:
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Institutional Consultation Consultations at the institutional level was to understand the proposed infrastructure development projects around the proposed NW-1 project. It came out with the discussion that no infrastructure development project will cause any adverse impact on the NW-1 project. The planned projects will facilitate the NW-1 project; i.e. road connectivity with the terminal, sewage treatment for clean ganga. The environment issues discussed with stockholders is provided below: Date
Location and Concern Person
Environmental Issues
20.06.2015
A.K.Mishra
According to him site location is suitable for development of terminal from HFL prospective. Other points he added are
Deputy Director IWAI,Varanasi
21.06.2015
Fisherman and Boatman, Balua Ghat,Varanasi
Economic Feasible Reduce Air and noise pollution, Increased Employment Discussion was carried out with Fishermen and boatman regarding the impact of this project. Most of them are educated till Higher secondary level. People are well aware about the project. The main issues of the fisherman and boatman are: Negative impact on fish due to pollution Suspected Reduction in fish catch due to pollution Suspect their boats running business and which will affect their daily income. Construction will cause siltation due to which fish will dies Some of them wants this project because more job opportunity will create in the area.
22.06.2015
Ralhupur Village
Discussion was carried out with Farmers, students and PAF regarding the impact of this project. People are well aware about the project. The main issues of the villagers are: Not satisfied with the Compensation given to them by Govt. Most of them want this project because more job opportunity will create in the area. People were expecting permanent job in this
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project. Majority of people have positive attitude towards the project. People also expect infrastructure development such as good roads, water supply, power supply in their area after coming up of proposed terminal. People expects that the upcoming project is of less polluting industries so as no pollution related problems will observed in the area.
23.06.2015
Ajay roy,DFO, Kashi Van Mandal Kacchua sanctuary Varanasi
24.06.2015
Dr.B.D. Tripathi
Discussion was carried out to identify environmental issues may associate with Turtle Sanctuary. Following are the main concerns of the officer: There turtle will get impacted due to regular movement of ships and vessels in river. Because the Turtle is very shy in nature the noise generated from the waterway transport will affect them. Siltation during the construction period will create a problem to aquatic fauna. Chance of oil spillage from the ships will contaminate the Ganga water quality. Solid waste generation management shall be done in scientific manner. Discussion was carried out with him regarding this project. Following are the main concerns of Dr. Tripathi was:
UGC-BSR,BHU Ganga pollution Research, NMCGA
24.06.2015
E.S.P.Srivastava, Sacchiv,Jal Nigam Irrigiation Department
Ganga River has anti bacterial quality on itself. Execution of this project, Ganga will lose its anti bacterial property. Aquatic flora and fauna will disturbs Religious point of view he was not satisfied. Overall he is not in favor of this project. He is concerned about the vibration generated due to heavy traffic movement can disturb the strata of pump wells located in Ganga river for drinking water purposes.
Varanasi
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Output of the discussion is as below 26.06.2015
Dr. G.S. Dharbari President of U.P chamber of commerece
There is very less water in many stretches along the Ganga. How is it feasible? There is huge siltation in Ganga River. How the waterways will maintain. Construction and dredging will lead to siltation and create problem to aquatic fauana.
Affected Person’s (Land Acquisition) Consultation Land Acquisition for the terminal was carried out earlier and the affected families have approached the court for higher compensation. Points discussed with them as follows :
Consultation with Affected families in Rahalupur, Ramnagar, Varanasi
As per PAFs, a consultation were held in 1991 for their land acquisition but they got compensation in 2004 of Rs.22000/- per Biswa that was very less because the circle rate in 1991 was Rs.1.90 lakhs per Biswa.
As per PAFs, they lost their land in 1991 due to construction of the terminal and did not get compensation at 2004 circle rate. They wished and expect from authority that their compensation should be on current market price. They got notification from government before acquisition of their land. As per villagers, officers from block/anchal never talked to them regarding compensation and land acquisition. They have been growing crops like Jau, Pulse, Arhar, Masoor for a long time on their landbut now they have been gradually losing their irrigation land. Villagers are requesting that compensation of their land should be as per prevailing market rate, if it is not feasible at least compensation should be disbursed to them on circle rate. Some Project affected families have filed petitions in the court for higher compensation.
Sl.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Name of the Affected Persons Dinesh Singh Ashok Singh Santosh Kumar Singh Alok Kumar Singh Gopal Singh Narender Bahadur Singh Laxami Prasad Rai and family
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Direct/Indirect Affected Person’s Consultation Four Consultations sessions were carried out with the fishermen, boatmen and Squatters at the Balwa Ghat near the proposed terminal. The outcome of the consultations are as follows:
People were happy with the NW-1 project.
As per fisherman it is their ancestor livelihood, forefather involved in this profession
As per these fisherman, area of the Sanctuary is around 7 km starting from Ram Nagar Fort to Malvipur.
They extract upto five kg fish from Ganga river and sells these fishes from Rs.60/- to Rs.200/- per kg.
Fishermen sell their catch near the ghatin the evening and the provision to continue the same should be ensure.
Ghat is also used for various religious activities, which give them livelihood and are looking for continued livelihood activities during project work phase.
Squatters are happy and looking for new livelihood/ business opportunities.
Villagers informed that forest department is not allowing their boats for fishing, which is affecting their livelihood and government should allow fishing or provide them work in project as per their skill and education background.
Some awareness program should be run by the Government agencies to update the project activities on regular basis.
Conclusion: Social Assessment (SA) has been carried out as part of the entire study. Under the study, basic social investigations were carried out to collect views and opinions of different stakeholders of the project area. The main objective of the SA under this project was to carry out an assessment on prevailing socio-economic condition and likely impacts of the project and prospects in connection with the proposed structures and interventions of the project. A further study in detail (if required) will be carried out once the land acquisition and related activities are complete to identify the project-affected household, their socio-economic condition and assessment of their land and properties to be affected under the project. A resettlement and rehabilitation plan will be prepared considering due attention about the socio-economic condition of the PAFs, and other vulnerable and indigenous group of people likely to be affected due to the implementation of project.
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Baluva Ghat Photos
Session 1: Consultation with Boatmen and Fishing community
Session 2: Consultation with Boatmen, Sqatters and Fishing community
Session 3: Consultation with Boatmen and Fishing community
Photograph of Baluva Ghat
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Consultation with affected Families at Rahalupur
Fish Mandi at Baluwa ghat Ramnagar
Session 3: Consultation with Boatmen and Fishing community
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8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING INDICATORS 8.1. Introduction The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the synthesis of all proposed mitigation and monitoring actions, set to a time frame with specific responsibility assigned and follow-up actions defined. EMP is a plan of actions for avoidance, mitigation and management of the negative impacts of the project. Environmental enhancement is also an important component of EMP. A detailed set of mitigation measures have been compiled in view of the likely impacts associated with the proposed phase 1A of multimodal inland water terminal at Varanasi
8.2. The Environmental Management Plan The EMP consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during the design, construction and operation (post-construction) stages of the project. The EMP has been designed keeping in view the regulatory and other requirements to ensure the following: Minimum disturbance to the native flora and fauna Compliance with the air, water, soil and noise quality norms. Conservation of water to the extent possible through rain water harvesting, wastewater recycling Considering all the impacts identified for construction phase of terminal 1A, during the EIA study, mitigation measures are proposed to prevent pollution. Impacts associated with operation phase are not discussed here as the project will not be operationalized after construction of phase 1A and same will be discussed in EIA study of phase 1B. Detailed EMP is given below
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Table 8.1: Environment Management Plan Environmental Issue/ Component
Remedial Measure
Reference to laws and Contract Documents
Approxim ate Location
Time Frame
Indicative / Mitigation Cost
Institutional Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervisio n
Access road area and proposed terminal area
During design and PreConstruction Stage
Compensat ory /Additional Plantation ( @ Rs 500 per tree for 200 tree) ) Rs 100000
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC15
BIS Project area
During design and PreConstruction Stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
14. Climate Avoid cutting any tree standing on the Forest proposed terminal site or temporary Conservation Act, 1980 accesses area of 600m length. Prior permission shall be taken for cutting any tree. Compensatory tree planation shall be carried out for any tree cut ( minimum 1:2 ratio) Addition plantation of local variety of tree ( 200 no one row of tree on three side of the terminal land) shall be carried out along boundary of the terminal site 15. Natural Hazard
28. Project is unlikely to cause negative effect on climate. However, project can contribute positively for climate
29. EarthquakeSeismic Zone III i.e., Moderate
Adoption of Relevant IS codes while Applicable designing the civil structures to sustain Standards the earthquake of moderate to high magnitude.
15
It is proposed to set up Social and Environmental Management Unit (SEMU) in IWAI to manager social and environmental aspect of NW1 augmentation. PMC ( Project Management Consultants) anticipated to be appointed for project management and quality check.
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damage risk zone16 16. Site Preparation : Access road, Construction Camp, Construction Site 30. Improvement of Access road : pavement of the road, Disposal of accumulated Municipal Solid Waste17 : Loss of 16
Improvement of Access Road: Access road route and alignment (for unpaved area) shall be finalized and submitted to PMC and IWAI for their concurrence. Tree shall not be cut. Alignment shall be suitable adjusted to avoid cutting of the tree. If unavoidable, than tree shall be cut with due permission from concerned district/forests authorities.
Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, Social Impact Assessment requirements
Juncture of Access road and Entrance phase 1A terminal site
During design and PreConstruction Stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
IS:1893 (Part 1): 2002 Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings Fifth Revision divides
the Indian subcontinent into five seismic zones ( II to V) depending on the magnitude and damage intensity of seismic activity. 17
Substantial municipal solid waste is disposed at the entrance and around the proposed terminal site requiring proper management of the same.
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Agricultural land, loss of tree, air and noise pollution
Trimming of the large tree standing close to the site shall be done as minimum as possible. Provision shall be made for dust suppression during its use. Provision shall be made (safety boards, speed control, traffic guards) to prevent accident. Survival rate of tree shall be regularly monitored. It is shall be minimum 70%. Municipal Solid Waste Management : Arrangement shall be made for identifying the area requiring clearing the municipal solid waste and notify to IWAI. The site should be minimum 1000 m distance from the river bank, residential area and sensitive areas like hospitals, school and temples. Arrangement shall be made for segregation of waste into recyclable, compostable and non-compostable waste. Resalable/recyclable waste shall be sold off to authorized agencies.. Compostable waste shall be sent for composting and non-compostablee waste shall be disposed off to designated land fill site. If designated land fill site not available, then land fill area shall be identified with the help of district authorities and disposed off, following applicable rules and regulations. EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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31. Setting of Labor Camps : Loss of agriculture land, contamination of land and water resources from municipal waste from Camps, worker’s health, Pressure on natural resources due to establishment of labour camps
In case segregation not feasible then it shall be disposed as per Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000. Location of Camp: Agriculture land should not be used for development of construction labour camps. Barren/waste land should be used Site identified by contractor should be approved by the engineers of PMC/IWAI Proper closure, stabilization and rehabilitation of the area should be carried out as soon as the activity is completed No land should be used for above purpose without consent of land owner.
Sanitation and Worker’s Health : Camp shall be well ventilated. It should have adequate provision for illumination, kitchen and safe drinking water facility shall be provided at the camp Adequate bathing and sanitation facilities to be provided at labour camp. Mobile Toilets shall be provided. Soak Pits can be provided only if labour camp is located away from river. Proper drainage to be maintained around the sites to avoid water logging leading to disease Preventive medical care to be provided to workers- six monthly medical check-
The Building and Labour Other Camp Construction Locations workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1996 and Cess Act of 1996 and The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof. Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000
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During design and PreConstruction Stage
Approximat Contractor. e Rs 500,000/per camp for sanitation an health facilities.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
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up should be organized Segregation, collection and disposal of solid waste on regular basis at identified municipal solid waste disposal location. If municipal solid waste site not available than waste shall be land fill following the applicable regulations. Provision shall be made for essential material supply like cooking fuel ( only LPG gas should be used, open burning of fuel should not be allowed) Provision shall be made for day crèche for children 32. Setting up During All these facilities shall be installed at Air (Prevention Site proposed terminal site itself. In case and Control of constructio design and construction Prethese are to be set up away from site Water Pollution) n Camp Camp: Act, 1981 and Construction than these shall be located at minimum Concert Mix and distance of 500 m from habitation, Water Plant, Hot Mix (Prevention and construction water bodies and 1000 m from forest Plant, Control of Water Stage areas. Mechanical Act, All maintenance facilities, hot mix plant Pollution) Workshop, and concrete missing plant shall be 1972 Fuel storages, established with prior consent to Lubricant establish to be obtained from SPCB. storages All such equipment/plant shall be fitted with air pollution control system and shall comply with condition of consent to establish. Periodic monitoring shall be carried as per consent conditions. 17. Site Preparation : Power supply, Water Supply, Drainage and disposal of muck and debris
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Approximat Contractor. e Rs 500,000/per camp for sanitation an health facilities.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
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33. Power supply and Energy Conservation: Air Pollution , energy loss
34. Water Supply, Drainage and effluent discharge
Power shall be sourced from national/state grid. DG sets shall be used only during power failure. Back-up power shall be set up with all provisions of containment for fuel leakages, air pollution control (stack height as per regulation), and with acoustic enclosure. Solar energy shall be used in common lighting area on 1:2 basis. Buildings designed should have green infrastructure. Measures should be taken to conserve energy as per ECBC norms as applicable. The Area is under safe category as per Central Ground Water Board. However, necessary permission shall be taken from district authorities as applicable before digging the bore well. Staff and visitors should be made aware about water conservation by displaying posters and signage Garland storm water temporary drains shall be developed around the site to prevent any direct discharge of contaminated or soiled water to river. It shall be pass through di-siltation chamber and water collection pit. Collected water shall be used for construction purposes. All washing and maintenance effluent from the workshop area of vehicle maintenance area should darin to separate collection areas fitted with oil and grease trap and de- siltation
Energy Conservation Building Code 2007
Constructio n Sites, Access road, and Labour Camp Locations
During design, PreConstruction Stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Central Ground Water Board, Local regulations.
Constructio n Sites, and Labour Camp Locations
PreConstruction and construction Stage
Approx. Rs Contractor. 300,000 for constructio n of grease traps and de-siltation chambers
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
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chamber. The treated water shall be used for dust suppression and green belt development. This water shall not be discharged to river at all. 35. Disposal of Terminal Pre Provision shall be made for collection area River Construction and draining of water for the piling piling earth, Bank along and earth. It shall be used for embankment muck and the terminal construction protection or road construction debris: site Stage depending on its suitability. uncontrolled Provision shall be made for geo disposal may Synthetic Screen for arresting silt leads to flowing down stream. increased sedimentation of the river. 18. Embankment Design and Construction, Drainage Pattern and Fishermen’s Access to River. 36. River Bank Erosion Protection: Construction of Embankment and construction of jetty : may lead to accumulation of sediments on the updrift side and erosion of the
Embankment protection measures (stone pitching) shall be made in both upstream and downstream to the extent that erosion is minimized. Erosion monitoring shall be carried out periodically downstream as well. River Bed material shall be tested for contaminants before its use or disposal for land fill site. If any level of heavy metal contamination is found than it shall be disposed off in a secure manner.
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River Bank along the terminal site
During design, PreConstruction and construction Stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Part Project Costs
of Contractor.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
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downdrift side . Contamination of river water quality and land may happen due to river bed material 37. Drainage Pattern
38. Access to river : restricted movement of fisherman18
Natural Drainage pattern of area around shall be maintained. No waste shall be allowed to dumped to industrial effluent Nala flowing adjacent to the terminal site. Its opening to river shall not be obstructed in any manner.
Constructio n Sites, Access road, and Labour Camp Locations
PreConstruction Stage and construction stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Fishing activities are seen in the river close to site. Arrangement shall be made to provide free access to river and undisturbed safe movement of the fishermen.
Terminal site and area around
Construction Stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor.
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
19. Construction Material Sourcing
18
Fishing activities are seen. Local fisherman are seen fishing close to river areas. They access the river from small temporary access around the site.
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39. Borrow areas for sourcing earth for filling as required (erosion, loss of productive land, land degradation, air pollution)
Non-productive lands, barren lands, raised lands; wastelands shall be used for borrowing earth with the necessary permissions/consents. Agricultural areas not to be used as borrow areas unless requested by the landowner for lowering the land for making it cultivable. Excavation depth should not exceed 1.5 m bgl Environmental Clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority and required permission from District Magistrate shall be obtained prior to excavation. Copy of this permission shall be submitted to IWAI before start of excavation. Record of location, area, accessibility to the location and photograph of borrow area should be maintained prior to excavation Site selected for borrow area should be approved by PMC & IWAI expert prior to excavation Ridges of not less than 8m width will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal). Topsoil to be stockpiled and protected for use at the rehabilitation stage. Rehabilitation shall be satisfactorily
IRC Guidelines All on borrow areas Identified and for quarries. Borrow sites EIA Notification 2006( under Environmental Protection Act and Rules, 1986; )
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During design and PreConstruction Stage
Part Project Costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
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undertaken immediately after the use has ceased and at least three weeks prior to monsoon. Unpaved surfaces used for the haulage of borrow materials to be maintained. Transportation of earth materials shall be through covered vehicles. Quarries for Aggregates required for embankment sourcing stone and stone pitching and roads shall be aggregates (loss procured from licensed quarries. of productive land, It shall be ensures that selected land degradation, quarries are having requisite air pollution. Any environment clearance, and comply illegal quarrying with Air Pollution Control and Noise may lead to land level requirements as per the law. use change, Copy of Environmental Clearance unstable rock letter and Consent to Operate and shall formation) Be obtained and submitted to IWAI. Material shall be transported under covered trucks only. No new quarry shall be opened without due permissions. Each Quarry shall be visited prior to its selection to ensure its compliance with lease conditions, EC and consent conditions. Stone crushers, if required, shall be set up only after consent from SPCB and taking adequate measures for air pollution control 20. Protection of Flora and Fauna 40. Protection of Tortoise : Increased
EIA Notification Quarry Site 2006( under Environmental Protection Act and Rules, 1986; )
During design and PreConstruction Stage
Part Project Costs
Life ( In and During the Part Tortoise Sanctuary is located at about Wild design and project 1.9 Km from site. Necessary Protection ) Act, Around Project Site Construction costs permission shall be obtained from 1972
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IWAI/SEM U/PMC
of SEMU through DFO
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
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sedimentation downstream of construction site
41. Terrestrial Fauna: increase in hunt tendency19
42. Vegetation loss due to site preparation and construction activities
19
National Board of Wild Life prior to start of construction No movement of tortoise is reported upward to the site. No harm shall be caused to these tortoise in case any tortoise is sited. Necessary caution notice shall be displaced and conveyed to all construction workers and officers. Geo-Textile synthetic sheet curtain shall be placed around pilling and construction area to prevent movement of sediments and construction waste. Caution sign shall be placed to prevent hunting of wild animal and birds. Provision shall be made for strict penalty for hunting these animals. High noise construction work shall not be made in night. Tree shall not be cut as much as possible. Any tree cut shall be compensated with compensatory tree plantation at 1:2 basis. Tree plantation shall be made as feasible at site and around the site depending on land availability. Provision of LPG shall be made in
stage
Wild Life ( In and During the Part Protection ) Act, Around design and project 1972 Project Site Construction costs stage
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Forest Conservation Act, 1980
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
In and Around Project Site and labour camp
During the Part design and project Construction Costs stage
Peacock and Wild Neel Gai are sited next to project site. EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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43. Effect on Aquatic life such as Fish, Plankton20
construction site camp and labour camp as fuel source to avoid tree cutting. Proper arrangement of lighting should be made at site and construction labour camp Open burning of fuel for any purpose should not be allowed at the site No breeding ground is noticed around the project site. However construction activity shall be restricted during spawning period of June to August. Sedimentation and siltation shall be prevented/ controlled to maintain productivity of aquatic ecosystem and ensure availability of food for aquatic fauna & flora.
Terminal constructio n site
During the Part design and project Construction Costs stage
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
21. Air Quality 44. Fugitive Dust Generation due to construction activities
45. Exhaust gas emissions from machinery and
Transport of loose and fine materials through covered vehicles. Loading and unloading of construction materials in covered area. Approach roads shall be paved and widened. Water spraying on earthworks, unpaved haulage roads, other dust prone areas and construction yard. Make Provision of PPEs like face mask to workers.
Environmental Protection Act, 1986 and amendments thereof; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof Regular maintenance shall be carried Environmental Protection Act, out of machinery and equipment. and Periodic Ambient air quality monitoring 1986
Constructio During the n sites, Construction Loading stage areas, storage areas,
Constructio During the n camps Construction and sites, stage
Part of project Costs
Part of project Costs
20
The floodplain fisheries are dominated by major and minor carps viz, Labio rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, L. bata, Puntius sps. and catfishes viz. H. fossilis, Mystus sps, etc. and fishes of family Clupeidae, Notopteridae and a mix of many other families. EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
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vehicular traffic.
shall be carried out. DG sets to be fitted with stacks of adequate height and low sulphur diesel to be used in DG sets as well as in machineries. Monitoring of air quality for PM10, PM2.5, SOx, NOx, and CO shall be carried out quarterly at construction site. Stack monitoring shall be carried out every month at the site. 46. Emissions at Efforts shall be made to move construction material early morning and access road : late evening period. avoidance of 21 Traffic regulators ( Guard) shall be traffic Jams posted in habitat area and at key junction areas to avoid congestion 22. Noise and Vibration 47. Noise from construction vehicle, equipment and machinery.
21
All equipment to be timely serviced and properly maintained to minimize its operational noise. Construction equipment and machinery to be fitted with silencers and maintained properly. Provision of temporary noise barrier near habitat areas during construction phase.
amendments thereof; The (Prevention Control Pollution) 1981 amendments thereof
concrete mixing Air plant, DG and sets of locations Act, and
-do-
Access road During the Construction stage
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and amendments thereof
Constructio n Site and accesses road.
-
Do -
During the Part Construction project stage Costs
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
The roads connecting the proposed sites is narrow and also passes through habitat area. Traffic remains heavy.
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Protection devices (ear plugs or ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines. Speed control shall be enforced in habitat areas. The ambient noise level as per CPCB standard is 55 dB(A) and 45 db(A). Current noise level at habitat area meets the standard Noise monitoring day and night at site, labour camp and access road area shall be carried quarterly to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures. 23. Land-use and Landscape 48. Land use Change and Loss of productive/top soil
Efforts shall be made to improve the Design aesthetic of the area. No construction requirement waste or other wastes shall be dumped at unidentified areas. Caution board in local language shall be placed at different locations to prevent dumping of Municipal solid waste and other waste all around the project site areas which is happening substantially at present.
Around During project site construction area and Stage borrow area
Approximat ely Rs 25000 for five caution boards @ Rs 5000 per board
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Compensatory tree plantation for loss of trees. Top soil shall be preserved and laid over either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion or spread over in the proposed plantation areas. Land
earmarked
for
dumping
of
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49. Soil erosion due to construction activities, earthwork
construction waste shall be free from any social and R&R issue and away from settlements. Provision of cross drainage structure shall be made in the access road if required to maintain the natural drainage pattern. Provision of side drain shall be made in access road if required to prevent water logging. Measures like building of scouring protection structures, protection by geotextiles matting etc shall be made, if river bank erosion is found around the terminal area. Bio-turfing of embankments shall be made enhance the slop stabilization.
Access road Construction and river stage bank
Part project costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Part project costs Part of project costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
50. Soil erosion at earth stockpiles
The earth stockpiles to be provided with gentle slopes to prevent soil erosion.
At earth stockpiles
Construction stage
51. Compaction and contamination of soil due to movement of vehicles and equipment
Fuel and lubricants to be stored at the predefined storage location. Storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. Provision of “oil interceptors” at washdown and re-fuelling areas. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized vendors.
Terminal site
Pre construction and construction stage.
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Movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route. 24. Water Resources 52. Depletion of Groundwater resources due to unregulated abstraction for construction purpose
53. Increase in water Siltation levels due to construction of terminal and contamination due to disposal of domestic waste
Preference shall be given to source water from rivers wherever feasible in the project area with due permission from authorities. . Augmentation through incorporating water harvesting structures if technically feasible. Construction of check dams in consultation with community to reduce burden on ground water resources. Efforts to restrict water intensive activities during summer period (April, May, June) The piling work shall be undertaken during low flow period. Restoration of changes in the stream, if any, made during construction to its original level. Precautions shall be made that no nala or canal is clogged. Substructure construction should be limited to the dry season and cofferdams may be constructed and utilized to lift the spoil directly out of it and carried to the riverbank for land disposal. Mobiel toilets with anaerobic digestion facility shall be fixed at construction site. No domestic waste shall be
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
Terminal Site
During Construction stage
Part project costs
of Contractor,
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
During Construction stage
Part project costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
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discharged to river. 25. Accident and Safety Risks 54. Accident risk Motor Contractors to adopt and maintain safe Central working practices. from and Vehicle Usage of fluorescent signage, in local Act 1988 construction language at the construction sites activities EP Act 1986 Training shall be provided to workers, Noise Rules 2002 especially machinery operators, on safety procedures and precautions. The contractors to appoint a safety officer mandatory. At every work place, a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials, a mode of transport (ambulance), nursing staff, and doctor to be provided. Required PPE shall be provided to workers. Half yearly medical check-up shall be carried of the workers and summary report shall be submitted to PMC 26. Shifting of Common Property Resources and other Utilities Shifting of As per assessment no such shifting is community involved. However if any shifting is properties and involved it shall done at suitable utilities location with the concurrence from local authorities and community.
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
Constructio n sites
Construction period
Part project costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
Project Area
PreConstruction
Part Project Costs
of Contractor
IWAI/SEM U/PMC
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8.3. Institutional Arrangement IWAIwill develop Environmental Management Framework with the help of World Bank. The institutional arrangement shall align as per this framework. IWAI will have an Environmental and social cell which will coordinate with site engineers and PMC.
8.3.1. Environmental Management Cell Apart from having an Environmental Management Plan, it is also necessary to have apermanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effectiveimplementation of mitigation measures and to conduct environmental monitoring. Highly qualified and experienced persons in the field of Environmental Management ofTerminal shall be considered for the positions ofGeneral Manager (GM) and Managers for overall Environmental management for proposed project. The majorduties and responsibilities of Environment Management Cell are: To implement the environmental management plan To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict adherence to the EMP To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule Review and interpretation of monitoring as per approved schedule Review and interpretation of monitoring results and corrective measures in case monitored results are above the specified limit Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable environmentallaws as ready reference Maintain environmental related records Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultant, monitoring laboratories Maintain log of public complain and the action taken Efforts shall be made for setting up of common conservation cell consisting of one marinebiologist, and ecologist, a sociologist and a fishery expert
The proposed environmental management cell should have all basic record keeping facilitiessuch as hard w are/software facilities, adequate space, vehicle (transport) and basic furnitureand all simple instruments such as GPS, Digital camera, Hand held noise metre etc. The cellshould have all basic environmental management data of the project that includes but notlimited to the following:
Environmental Impact Assessment Report (both well preserved soft and hard copy) All valid and up to date environmental clearance and consent papers All latest Environmental legislations, policies, codes and manuals for ready references A list of consultants on environmental management need to be kept with yearly revision of the list. This will help to receive proper advice in case of an emergency or arequirement and also to implement day to day environmental management activities.
Over a period of time a system to understand and absorb the new revisions and changes inthe environmental requirements and practices are to be established. This can only beachieved by regular training and genuine capacity building initiatives. Institutional framework for the project is given in figure 8.1
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Figure 8.1: Institutional Framework
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8.4. Environment Monitoring Plan The objective of environmental monitoring during the construction and operation phases is to compare the monitored data against the baseline condition collected during the study period to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and the protection of the ambient environment based on national standards. The following are the main objectives of the environmental monitoring program: Provides information for documentation of monitoring of mitigation measures and impacts Tool for the statutory authority of unanticipated adverse impacts or sudden changes inthe environmental condition due to the proposed project Provides information that could be used for evaluating the effectiveness of implementedmitigation measures Provides information that could be used to verify predicted impacts and thus validateimpact prediction techniques The effectiveness of the mitigation measures being followed during construction andoperational phases can be assessed and the measures can be revised, made morestringent and reinforced based on the monitoring results Environmental Monitoring can also serve a basic component of a periodic environmentalregulatory auditing program for the proposed project A monitoring schedule has been sketched based on the environmental components that may be affected during the construction phase of the project. Environmental monitoring plan for operation stage will be discussed in EIA study to bae carried out for phase 1B of terminal. Environment monitoring indicators identified are listed below
Monitoring Indicators
Air quality- ambient air quality levels & stack emissions Surface Water quality Drinking water quality- for construction labours Noise levels- ambient noise level and work zone noise levels Soil quality- dredged sand quality and soil quality Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Wastewater disposal Re-plantation success / survival rate Soil Erosion Aquatic ecology– plankton and benthic communities Integrity of embankment
These indicators will evaluated periodically based on the monitoring results, baseline conditions, predicted impacts and mitigation measures.
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Table 8.2: Environment Monitoring Plan S. No.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Aspect
Parameters to be monitored
No of sampling locations & frequency
Standard methods for smapling and analysis
Construction Period Air Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Four Sites including Fine Particulate Samplers (Ambient & NO2, HC and CO project site and 3 for PM2.5 Stack) other sites within 2 Respirable Dust Sampler km of terminal site fitted PM10 Once in a month Respirable Dust Sampler fitted with Gaseous sampling arrangements for SO2 and NO2, CO analyser /portable CO meter for CO portable HC meter or tubes for HC; TO-14A, TO-15, USEPA method for sampling and analysis of VOCs in ambient air Surface Water Physical, chemical River Ganga & Grab sampling and analysis Quality and biological Gurha Nallah by using standard methods Once a month Drinking water Physical, chemical Drinking water fro Grab sampling and analysis Quality and biological labour camps by using standard methods Once a month Noise Level Day time and night Construction labour Noise meter time noise level (max, camp, construction min & Leq levels) site and 2 locations within 2 km of terminal site Once a month Soil Quality Soil texture, type, Construction site, Collection and analysis of
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
Role & Responsibility Implementatio n
Supervision
Contractor
IWAI & PMC
Contractor
IWAI & PMC
Contractor
IWAI & PMC
Contractor
IWAI & PMC
Contractor
IWAI & PMC
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17.
Electrical conductivity, pH, infiltration, porosity, etc., Soild & Physical & Chemical Hazardous Waste characteristics Management
18.
Wastewater Management
19.
Plantation
20.
Soil Erosion
21.
Aquatic ecology
22.
Integrity embankment
labour camps and samples as per IS 2720 debris disposal site Once in 6 months
Construction site, labour camps and debris disposal site Daily Physical, chemical Construction site & and biological labour camps Once a month Plantation survival At plantation site rate (terminal site & afforestation site) --Upstream & downstream of terminal site Phytoplankton, Zooplankton
of ---
River Ganga Gurha Nallah Once a month Upstream downstream terminal site
EQMS – IRGSSA – AIAID JV
MSW Rules, 2000, Hazardous Waste & Management Rules, 2008
Contractor
IWAI & PMC
--
Contractor
IWAI & PMC
Survey, counting, recording Contractor & reporting
IWAI & PMC
Survey & observation; Contractor Extent and degree of erosion; Structures for controlling soil erosion & Plankton net of diameter of Contractor 0.35 m, No.25 mesh size 63 and analysis by using standard methods. & Survey & observation; Contractor of Extent and degree of erosion; Structures for controlling soil erosion
IWAI & PMC
IWAI & PMC
IWAI & PMC
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8.5. Reporting Requirement It is required that contractor will submit quarterly compliance report to Project Management Consultants (PMC) as well as to SEMU ( social and environmental Management Unit) of IWAI. PMC will analyze the report and notify the corrective action if any required to contractor under intimation to IWAI.
8.6. Grievance Redress Mechanism The concern/grievances from local/affected people may come up related to inappropriate implementation of various components of EMP. These issues can be easily addressed through acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. To resolve grievance from public or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the SPMU/Director concerned. Firstly, it will be assessed if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days by the SEMU in consultation with PMC and Director concerned. In case the SEMU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to Project Director at Head Quarter. The corrective action will be started as per the response or action plan indicated to the stakeholder. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to World Bank. (Figure 8.2)
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Figure 8.2: Grievance Redressal Cell
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